Few of diesel engines can boast of such a solid " track record", like YaMZ-238. This engine has become the "heart" of many thousands of MAZ, KrAZ, Ural trucks familiar to everyone and everyone; tractors "Kirovets" and "ChTZ"; combines "Don" and "Polesie". And a large number all kinds of highly specialized equipment, boats, diesel power plants. YaMZ-238 is extremely reliable and unpretentious in operation, which provided him with a “long-liver career”: the engine launched into series in the early 60s continues to roll off the assembly line of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant today. Despite the fact that a lot of more modern "successors" appeared in the assortment of the plant.
In total, at the present time, the assortment of the plant, set out in the current official price list on the YaMZ website, includes 25 various modifications YaMZ engine-238. Whole line turbocharged versions (DE series, for dump trucks and trucks, truck tractors MAZ, KrAZ, Ural; tractors and timber trucks) have been modified to Euro-2 standards. In total, the general list of modifications this motor has 86 items.
YaMZ 238 modifications
YaMZ-238 is the most demanded diesel engine of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant on the market. In technological terms, it is not much different from the YaMZ-236 series of six-cylinders (first of all, the number of cylinders, of course). Power basic versions YaMZ-238 varies from 180 hp. in the de-forced version of the YaMZ-238 / G2, up to 240 hp in the YaMZ-238 / M2 modification. YaMZ-238 / Euro-0 Turbo engines are forced YaMZ-238 / M2 engines. They differ from the usual "atmospheric" not only in the presence of a turbine. During the development of this family, a number of constructive changes in the cylinder block and cylinder-piston group.
The fuel pump has also been reworked. high pressure and crankshaft. The assortment of the plant includes YaMZ-238 models with flywheels for the installation of 2-disk or single-disk clutches; with right-hand controls (by order from South Africa), and other constructive solutions, for the needs of each specific technique. Motors of the YaMZ-238 / Euro-1 Turbo series are modified Euro-0. The features of their configuration is the installation of a liquid-oil heat exchanger, a fan clutch and air ducts to the charge air cooler mounted directly on the engine. YaMZ-238 / Euro-2 Turbo engines, DE series, were the result of further modernization of the turbocharged YaMZ-238. The motors of this series received a modernized modern high-pressure fuel pump. ICE YaMZ 238 received a lot of modifications and applicability to car row. So, according to the manufacturer's technical documentation, consider which the lineup and modifications has a G8 engine: 235 hp. (173 kW) at 1700 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND3. 235 HP (173 kW) at 1700 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND6. 240 HP (177 kW) at 2100 rpm, 882 N * m (90 kgf * m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238 (base). 250 HP (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND4. 250 HP (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND7. 280 HP (206 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1029 N m (105 kgf m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238PM. 290 HP (184 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1128 N m (115 kgf m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-238DK. 300 HP (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1280 N m (131 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND5. 300 HP (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1280 N m (131 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND8. 320 HP (235 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1117 N m (114 kgf m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238FM. 330 HP (243 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-238DK. 330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238D. 330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238DE. 330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1274 N m (130 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-238DE2. 330 HP (243 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1274 N m (130 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6582. 360 HP (265 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1570 N m (160 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7512. 400 HP (294 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1715 N m (175 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7511. 400 HP (294 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1764 N m (180 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6581. 420 HP (309 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1764 N m (180 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7513.
YaMZ-238 engine device
Eight cylinders YaMZ-238 are arranged in two rows, in a V-shaped pattern, at an angle of 90 degrees. Inlet fuel mixture and exhaust gases are provided by 16 valves.
Cylinder block, crankcase, cylinder head
The basis for the installation of all units and parts is the cylinder block, which is cast from low-alloyed gray cast iron. In the tides-bosses on the walls of the block, a system is provided oil channels, supplying lubricant to the bearings of the distributive and crankshaft; to the oil filter and to the liquid/oil heat exchanger. A closed power belt is formed around each cylinder seat by the walls of the water jacket. Together with special ribs, the power belt fastens together the upper and lower plates (parts of the cylinder block), giving the entire structure the desired degree of rigidity. In the transverse walls of the block there are five nests with liners for the crankshaft main journals. As well as five bores with bronze bushings in which the camshaft rotates.
The cylinder heads of the YaMZ-238 engine are four-block, cast from gray cast iron with a polished surface and annular grooves. The gas joint of the head, block and cylinder liners is sealed by a single gasket with 19 sealing elements. The cylinder heads house the intake and exhaust valves with springs, rocker arms, rocker arms and injectors. Saddles intake valves are made from cast iron of a special brand, graduation - are cast from a special heat-resistant alloy. Seats and metal-ceramic cylinder bushings are finally processed during their pressing into the head. Engine type - Four-stroke, compression ignition Number, cylinder arrangement - 8, V-shaped, camber angle - 90 Cylinder operation order - 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8 Cylinder diameter, mm - 130 Stroke piston, mm - 140 Displacement of all cylinders, l - 14.86 Compression ratio (calculated) - 16.5 Rated power of the YaMZ-238 diesel engine, kW (hp) - 176 (240) Crankshaft speed at rated power , rpm - 2100 Maximum torque, Nm (kg/cm) - 833 (90) Speed of rotation of the crankshaft at maximum torque, rpm, no more than - 1250-1450 Speed idle move crankshaft, rpm - 550-650 Mixing method - Direct injection. Combustion chamber - Single-cavity in the piston. Cylinder block YaMZ-238 - Cast together with the upper part of the crankcase. Liners of cylinders - Wet type. Cylinder heads - Two, one for each bank of cylinders. Crankshaft - Forged, with screwed counterweights, journal surfaces hardened with HDTV heating Number of crankshaft bearings - 5 Main bearings - Sliding, with replaceable liners. Connecting rod bearings - Sliding, with replaceable liners. Pistons YaMZ-238 - Made of aluminum alloy. Piston Pins - Floating type, axial movement limited by circlips. Connecting rods - I-section, bronze bushings are pressed into the upper heads. Flywheel - Has a ring gear for starting the engine with a starter. Camshaft- Common for both rows of cylinders, with gear drive. The gap between the valve and the pusher rocker, mm - 0.25 - 0.3
Cars on which YaMZ-238 was installed
MAZ-500 (1965-1990). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-503 (1965-1977). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-504 (1965-1982). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-509 (1966-1990). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-516 (1973-1980). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-5335 (1977-1990). YaMZ-236 (180, 300 hp). MAZ-5549 (1977-1990). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-5551 (since 1985). YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-5432 (since 1981). YaMZ-238 (240, 250, 280, 300, 330, 360, 425 hp), YaMZ-236 (180 hp). MAZ-5516 (since 1995). YaMZ-238 (400 hp). MAZ-6422 (since 1978). YaMZ-238 (320, 330, 360, 425 hp). Ural-4320 (since 1977). YaMZ-236 (230 hp), YaMZ-238 (300 hp). KrAZ-255 (1967-1994). YaMZ-238 (240 hp). KrAZ-6443 (since 1992). YaMZ-238 (330 hp). KrAZ-6322 (since 1994). YaMZ-238 (330 hp). Ural-5323 (since 1989). YaMZ-238 (300 hp). KamAZ-5320 (1976-2000). LiAZ-5256.30 (2001-2004). YaMZ-236NE2 (230 hp). MAZ-104.X25 (2004-2005). YaMZ-236NE2 (230 hp).
The YaMZ 238 engine is considered a legend domestic automotive industry. For more than half a century of production, the power unit has shown itself to be reliable and easily repairable. For these qualities, he fell in love with motorists. It is worth noting that YaMZs, both 238 and 236, were often exported in large quantities. For example, China orders engines of this series for its heavy trucks, since only BELAZ and Caterpillar can compete with YaMZ, but they are much more expensive than their domestic counterparts.
The YaMZ 238 engine is a power unit of a family of engines manufactured by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. The YaMZ 238 motor is considered the older brother of the no less famous power unit YaMZ-236. They have similar specifications, device of work and design features.
Historical aspect
The 238th model, like the younger brother of the 236th, replaced the outdated YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206 engines. The development and implementation of the power unit began back in the 50s of the 20th century, when it was necessary to make a powerful 4-stroke diesel engine with economic performance.
The legendary Soviet engineer, designer and inventor, Georgy Dmitrievich Chernyshev, is considered the father of the YaMZ family of engines. At that time, it was a unique motor of its kind, which was produced for half a century, and established itself as one of the best power units in the world.
To date, the YaMZ 238 engine has officially been discontinued, since the Yaroslavl plant produces the receiver - YaMZ-530 and YaMZ-540. But, the production of spare parts continues, and the line will not stop, at least in the next 10 years.
Specifications
The technical characteristics of the YaMZ-238 engine have not changed over the entire period of production and upgrades. Of course, the motor was improved according to latest developments and innovation, but there were very few design changes. Consider the main characteristics of the power unit:
| Name | Characteristic |
| Type | Diesel, turbocharged diesel |
| Volume | 15 liters (14,866 cc) |
| Configuration, parameter | V-shaped |
| Number of cylinders | 8 |
| Number of valves | 16 |
| Economy | from Euro-0 to Euro-4 |
| Cylinder diameter | 130 mm |
| Compression ratio | 17,5 |
| Cooling | Liquid |
| valve mechanism | OHV |
| Block and head material | Cast iron |
| Resource | 800,000 - 1,000,000 km |
| Fuel | Diesel fuel |
| The order of operation of the cylinders | 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8 |
| Applicability | MAZ, KRAZ, URAL, T series tanks, K tractors, LAZ buses, CHETRA all-terrain vehicle and more |
It is worth noting that all 238 series engines have a mechanical high pressure fuel pump. Each cylinder has its own pump section for even combustion. The injection pump is located between the rows of cylinders, on the collapse of the engine.
Motor modifications
ICE YaMZ 238 received a lot of modifications and applicability in the automotive range. So, according to the manufacturer's technical documentation, let's consider which model range and modifications the G8 engine has:
- 235 HP (173 kW) at 1700 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND3.
- 235 HP (173 kW) at 1700 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND6.
- 240 HP (177 kW) at 2100 rpm, 882 N * m (90 kgf * m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238 (base).
- 250 HP (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND4.
- 250 HP (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1108 N m (113 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND7.
- 280 HP (206 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1029 N m (105 kgf m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238PM.
- 290 HP (184 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1128 N m (115 kgf m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-238DK.
- 300 HP (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1280 N m (131 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND5.
- 300 HP (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1280 N m (131 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238ND8.
- 320 HP (235 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1117 N m (114 kgf m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-238FM.
- 330 HP (243 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-238DK.
- 330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238D.
- 330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1225 N m (125 kgf m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-238DE.
- 330 HP (243 kW) at 2100 rpm, 1274 N m (130 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-238DE2.
- 330 HP (243 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1274 N m (130 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6582.
- 360 HP (265 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1570 N m (160 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7512.
- 400 HP (294 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1715 N m (175 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7511.
- 400 HP (294 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1764 N m (180 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6581.
- 420 HP (309 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1764 N m (180 kgf m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7513.
Power unit maintenance
The YaMZ-238 engine does not have significant differences from the 236 model. Service maintenance the engine is carried out every 20-25 thousand kilometers. Planned Maintenance ICE - a set of operations aimed at maintaining the primary state of the units and parts of the unit. According to the manual for the repair and operation of the YaMZ motor compiled by the manufacturer, we will consider what operations are included in the maintenance of the G8:
- Change of oil.
- Replacement of filters. So, depending on the modification of the motor, there may or may not be the following filter elements: fine and coarse cleaning oils, filter element for coarse and fine cleaning fuel, air filter, exhaust eco-filter.
- Nozzle cleaning.
- High pressure fuel pump adjustments.
- Other operations aimed at maintaining the power unit.
Servicing a high-pressure fuel pump is a separate set of operations that only repairmen can do with high quality fuel equipment diesel engines.
Engine repair: basic description
Repair of the YaMZ 238 engine is a whole range of operations to restore the engine's performance, which is not recommended to be done by hand. So, it is worth contacting professionals who can correctly diagnose malfunctions and wear, as well as what inner element needs to be replaced. Consider the main set of operations that is carried out for the YaMZ 238 motor in order to carry out overhaul motor:
- Superficial fault diagnosis is carried out by ear. The motorist determines the presence extraneous noise, as well as the preliminary location.
- Dismantling the motor from the car, as well as carrying out complete disassembly power unit.
- Measurements of cylinders and crankshaft. Determining the repair number, as well as ordering spare parts. As practice shows, in most cases, in order not to bore the engine cylinders, the block is sleeved. This parameter allows, and in the case of subsequent repairs, to bore not the block, but the sleeves, which, when worn, can be removed and new ones inserted.
- Cylinder head repair.
- Assembly of the power unit.
A separate parameter is the restoration of the injection pump. As practice shows, the master repairs only plunger pair which wears out the most.
As for in-line repair operations, each owner of a car with a YaMZ engine has sufficient skills and knowledge to restore his engine on his own, the main thing is that the hand grows from right place. To the most common problems applies to:
- Starter and alternator failure.
- Failure of the water pump.
- Replacing drive belts.
- Valve mechanism adjustment.
- Change of oil.
- Replacing engine filters.
Repair instructions for each node are available on the Internet or you can use factory books that are publicly available.
Conclusion
The YaMZ 238 engine is considered a legend in the domestic automotive industry. For more than half a century of production, the power unit has shown itself to be reliable and easily repairable. For these qualities, he fell in love with motorists.
It is worth noting that YaMZs, both 238 and 236, were often exported in large quantities. For example, China orders engines of this series for its heavy trucks, since only BELAZ and Caterpillar can compete with YaMZ, but they are much more expensive than their domestic counterparts.
Throughout its existence, the YaMZ-238 engine has undergone many modifications, but the basic design has remained virtually unchanged. This power unit is considered one of the most reliable and powerful for trucks and agricultural machinery.
Engine oil volume - the most important characteristic, in case of non-observance of which normal work unit is not possible. This indicator is closely related to such data as the number of working hours before replacement and the class lubricants recommended in the instructions.
Yaroslavsky engine plant produces a whole line of engines, the prototype of which can be considered YaMZ 238. The production of this engine began in 1962. It became an improved version of the previously assembled YaMZ 236 (six-cylinder), but for many years both power units continued to be actively used in parallel with each other. The family has many common features: design features, operating principles, similar technical indicators. Later YaMZ 530 appeared - four- and six-cylinder in-line engines, both diesel and gas.
Motors Yaroslavl plant serve on powerful trucks MAZ, Uralakh, KrAZ, tractors and combines, river and sea boats, as well as diesel power plants. Due to its reliability and unpretentiousness, the engine is still in demand, its production continues. The newest version YaMZ-238 / Euro-0 Turbo is distinguished by the presence of a turbine. Among other design improvements, it is equipped with a liquid-oil heat exchanger and a high-pressure fuel pump.
By design, the YaMZ-238 power unit is an eight-cylinder V-shaped two-row body made of low-alloyed gray cast iron, the camber angle of this motor is 90 °.
Main design features and technical characteristics:
- displacement of cylinder rows relative to each other by 35 mm;
- working volume 14.85 l;
- naturally aspirated;
- power from 180 to 240 hp;
- fuel consumption (100% power) - 227 g / kWh.
Oils for YaMZ
The strength of the YaMZ 238 engine is a carefully thought-out and trouble-free system oil lubrication all nodes. A mixed scheme is applied here, its principle of operation lies in the fact that the root and connecting rod bearings located in the key nodes of the unit - distribution and crankshaft- lubricated under pressure. The connecting rod bushings, oil pump idler bushings, valve rocker bushings, pushrod bushings, and spherical rod bearings are also serviced. The remaining elements are the cylinder mirror, rolling bearings, gears and cams camshaft do not require as much lubrication and are serviced by splashing. On the walls of the cylinder block, a system of oil channels is provided for supplying lubricant to the units and filters of the mechanism.
According to the instructions for servicing motors of the 238 series, diesel oil GOST 5304-54. Also in the accompanying documents you can find recommendations on the use of motor oil additives which improve the performance of the engine oil.
Main elements of the system YaMZ lubricants 238:
- standard oil pump gear type;
- jet driven centrifugal fine oil filter;
- full flow oil filter based on a metal mesh with a replaceable filter element.
Characteristics of filling tanks YaMZ 238
For the YaMZ 238 engine, lubrication system mixed type with a "wet" sump.
To clarify how much oil you need to fill in the YaMZ 238 engine, you can focus on the dimensions filling tanks unit. In particular, the lubrication system has a volume of 32 liters of oil.
The engine cooling system without a radiator requires 20 liters of lubricants. 0.2 l is enough for the fuel pump, capacity air filter- 1.4 l. The 238 model, unlike the 236, does not have a regulator.
The volume of oil in the YaMZ 238 engine is measured using a special dipstick marked "maximum" and "minimum". 24-28 liters are poured at a time, while the working volume of the lubrication system of this power unit reaches 32 liters. if during operation the oil pressure in the system is increased to more than 520 kPa (5.2 kgf / sq. cm), excess lubricants return through the oil line and are simultaneously cleaned by filters.
Maintenance and repair of YaMZ 238
Service maintenance of the YaMZ 238 engine is recommended to be carried out after 20,000 - 25,000 km of run. When checking, the oil pressure should give indicators of 4-7 kgf / cm2 on a warm engine. The indicator is the same for atmospheric and turbo systems. A change of lubricants is necessary during maintenance according to the schedule, as well as in the event of streaks, smoke, knocks during engine operation, while the capacity various systems varies, as do replacement times.
You can get acquainted with the technology of servicing power units in the repair and operation manual developed by the manufacturer. To the complex mandatory operations during engine maintenance internal combustion Yaroslavl plant includes the following manipulations:
- Change of oil;
- checking and replacing filters:
- fine filter,
- coarse filter,
- fuel filters,
- exhaust system ecofilter,
- air filter;
- adjustment of valves;
- nozzle cleaning;
- checking and debugging the fuel pump.
Important: the YaMZ 238 engine urgently needs repair if it appears during operation blue smoke. This indicates that the lubricant is burning.
YaMZ 238 engine
Characteristics of YaMZ-238
| Production | "Autodiesel" Yaroslavl Motor Plant |
| Engine brand | 238 |
| Release years | 1962-present |
| Block material | cast iron |
| engine's type | diesel |
| Configuration | V-shaped |
| Number of cylinders | 8 |
| Valves per cylinder | 2 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 140 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 130 |
| Compression ratio | 16.5 |
| Engine volume, cc | 14866 |
| Engine power, hp / rpm | 235/1700 240/2100 250/1900 280/2100 290/2000 300/1900 320/2100 330/2000 330/2100 330/2100 |
| Torque, Nm/rpm | 1108/1300 882/1500 1108/1300 1029/1500 1128/1400 1280/1300 1117/1500 1225/1400 1225/1300 1274/1200 |
| Environmental regulations | Euro 0 Euro 1 Euro 2 |
| Turbocharger | K27-49 K36-87 TKR 11 TKR 122 |
| Engine weight, kg | 1075 (YaMZ-238M2) |
| Fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km/h, l/100 km (for URAL 4320) | 38 |
| Oil consumption, % of fuel consumption, up to | 0.5 0.2 (Euro 2) |
| Engine oil: -in summer -in winter (less than +5°C) |
M-10-G2k M-8-G2k |
| How much oil is in the engine, l | 29 (atmospheric) 32 (turbocharged) |
| Oil change is carried out, hours | 500 1000 (Euro 2) |
| Dimensions, mm: - length - width - height |
1315 1045 1070 |
| Engine resource - according to the factory, hours - in practice, thousand km |
8 000 800+ |
| Tuning, HP - potential - no loss of resource |
300+ ~280 |
| The engine was installed | Combines Don, Kuban, Khersonets, Slavutich, Palesse MAZ-5336, 5432, , , , 5552 MAZ-6303, 6317, 6422, 6425, MoAZ-740, 1405, 6014, 6442, 7505 MoAZ-40484, 40489, 49011 KrAZ-260M, 5133, 5444, 6130, 6133, 6305, 6322 KrAZ-6351, 6443, 6446, 6503, 6505, 7133, 7140 EO-412, 511, 512, 522 Ural-4320, 5323, 5423, CHETRA-60, T15, T20, TG-221 Kranex EK400 Roll REM25 GT-TM, GT-TMS and MGSH521M1 MT-LBu, MT-LB EXCO BM-2501 ML-107 TG-301 MZKT-692378 HTZ 181 ChSDM DZ-240S Kirovets K-700, 702, 703, 740, 744 DZ-98V Boats KS-101, 104, 110 AD-100, DGU-100 ADM-1.5, MPG-6 VPR-02, VPRS-02, 03 |
Reliability, problems and repair of YaMZ-238
The YaMZ-238 series was put into production in 1962 and replaced the YaAZ-206. This motor has a V-shaped 8-cylinder cast iron block, with 90° flare, with cast iron wet shells and with an offset of the rows of cylinders relative to each other by 35 mm. Inside the block, on 5 supports, a forged crankshaft with a piston stroke of 140 mm and a diameter of the main journals of 110 mm and a diameter of the connecting rod journals of 88 mm is installed, the connecting rods themselves are steel, and their length is 265 mm. For these motors, cast aluminum pistons with a diameter of 130 mm and a height of 100 mm were used, diameter piston pin 50 mm.
The cylinder block is covered with two cast-iron heads with 8 valves each. Inlet valves diameter 61 mm, exhaust valves 48 mm, stem diameter 12 mm.
Here, a camshaft gear drive is used, and the camshaft itself is located in the cylinder block and, through pushers, steel rods and steel rocker arms, actuates the valves. Camshaft characteristics: phase 246/266, rise 13.5 mm.
Valve adjustment on YaMZ-238 (turbo and atmospheric) is carried out after every 500 hours of operation (if necessary). Valve clearances for both intake and exhaust are 0.25-0.3 mm. The order of adjustment is 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8, the same as the order of operation of the cylinders (both turbocharged and aspirated).
These motors have direct injection fuel with high pressure fuel pump 80-30 (on YaMZ-238M2) or with other pumps (details on modifications are described below).
Nozzle pressure 261 - 230 kgf / cm 2; nozzles 267 - 270 kgf / cm 2.
The oil pressure on a warm engine should be in the range of 4-7 kgf / cm 2 (this applies to both turbo and atmosphere).
In addition to atmospheric options, turbocharged ones were also produced, the list of which knows no bounds. The main differences between them are listed below.
This motor had a related YaMZ-236 series.
The release of the 238th continues now, but they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly YaMZ-7511 and YaMZ-658.
Modifications of YaMZ 238 and their differences
1. YaMZ-238AK - an analogue of YaMZ-238M2 under Euro-0 standards, which was intended for combines Don, Kuban, Khersonets, Slavutich and Palesse FS60. Power 235 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 932 Nm at 1300-1500 rpm. The service life of the motor before overhaul is 8000 hours.
2. YaMZ-238AM2 - version of YaMZ-238M2 with a power of 225 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 825 Nm at 1250-1450 rpm. Ecological class - Euro-0, and its resource is 8000 hours.
Stands on MoAZ-6014 and 6442.
3. YaMZ-238B - turbocharged engine based on YaMZ 238M2, where a TKR 100 turbocharger is used. A modified camshaft with the following characteristics is installed here: phase 240/266, nozzles 261-13, another crankshaft, its own pistons, pump 807-40. The motor complies with the Euro-0 standard.
You can meet him at VPR-02, VPRS-02 and 03; MAZ-5336 and 5432; MoAZ-40484, 40489, 49011 and 7505; KrAZ 5444, 6130, 6503 and 6505; ADM-1.5, MPG-6, EO-5225, Ural 5323 and 5423; CHETRA T20, EK400 and REM25. Motor resource - 450 thousand km.
4. YaMZ-238BV - analogue of 238BL, but with injection pump 807-40. Installed on GT-TM, GT-TMS and MGSH521M1. Resource - 8000 hours.
5. YaMZ-238BE - the same YaMZ-238B, but with a built-in liquid-oil heat exchanger and modified cooling and lubrication systems. Here, an injection pump YAZDA 807-50, nozzles 261-13 and a turbine TKR 122 are used. The boost pressure is 0.93 bar. Power 300 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1180 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. The engine meets Euro-1 requirements.
6. YaMZ-238BE2 - an engine with a different crankshaft and connecting rods, with liners protruding 1.6 mm above the surface of the block, with other pistons (height 85 mm), the diameter of the piston pin is increased to 52 mm. Also here, a cylinder head with annular grooves, a high-pressure fuel pump YAZDA 173-20, injectors 267-01, a camshaft with a phase of 233/272, and another coarse fuel filter were used. The power remained the same, and the torque increased to 1274 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. This option meets Euro-2 standards.
7. YaMZ-238BK - a motor for Polesie combines, which meets Euro-0 standards. It is equipped with a TKR-100 turbine and high-pressure fuel pump 805-40. The 238BK-3 versions use two K27-49 turbines. The resource of such an engine is 8000 hours.
8. YaMZ-238BL - the same 238B, but with high pressure fuel pump 801-50, with a deep crankcase and a different fan drive. Power increased to 310 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 1177 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. Found on MT-LBu.
9. YaMZ-238BN - a turbo engine for MoAZ 7529 with a TKR 100-16 turbine. Power 260 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1080 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. Resource - 8000 h.
10. YaMZ-238VM - analogue of YaMZ-238M2 with another oil pan. Intended for MT-LB. Serves up to overhaul 5000 hours.
11. YaMZ-238GM2 - the same YaMZ238M2, but with a differently adjusted fuel (TNVD 809-20). Power reduced to 180 hp at 1700 rpm. It is found on excavators EO-412, 511, 512, 522 and drilling equipment BM-2501. Service life 5000 hours.
12. YaMZ-238D - the same 238B, but under the YaMZ 202 checkpoint and with high-pressure fuel pump 806-40. ICE resource- 450 thousand km.
Stands on ML-107, TG-301, MZKT-692378, MAZ-53363, 54323, 5552, 6303 and 64229; KrAZ-5133, 5444, 6130, 6322, 6351, 6443, 6505 and 7133.
13. YaMZ-238DE - the same YaMZ-238BE, but with a high pressure fuel pump YAZDA 806-50 and a boost pressure of 1.08 bar. Power increased to 330 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 1225 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. The engine complies with the Euro 1 environmental class and is found on MAZ 5336, 5432, 5516, 5551, 6303, 6317, 6422, 6425 vehicles and Polesie combines. The declared resource is 800 thousand km.
14. YaMZ-238DE2 - the same 238BE2, but with high pressure fuel pump YAZDA 173-30. Compared to the 238DE, the power remained unchanged, the torque reached 1274 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. Upgraded here environmental class up to Euro 2, and the resource is 800 thousand km.
Such an internal combustion engine is installed on KrAZ 5133, 5444, 6130, 6133, 6305, 6322, 6443, 6446, 6503, 6505, 7133, 7140, as well as on MAZ-5336, 5432, 5516, 5551, 6303, 6317 , 6422, 6425.
15. YaMZ-238DI - the same 238B, but with a K36-30 turbine and an 803-30 injection pump.
16. YaMZ-238DK - a combine motor for the Don 680M, an analogue of the YaMZ-238BK, but the power has been increased to 330 hp. at 2000 rpm, torque 1225 Nm at 1300-1500 rpm.
17. YaMZ-238IM2 - a motor for diesel power plants AD-100 and DGU-100, its resource is 25,000 hours.
18. YaMZ-238KM2 - analogue of YaMZ-238M2, but adapted to work on MoAZ-1405, 740 and KhTZ 181 vehicles. Power 190 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 687 Nm at 1250-1450 rpm. ICE resource - 8000 hours.
19. YaMZ-238L - multi-fuel engine for KrAZ-260M. It is equipped with a TKR-11 turbine and an 801-11 pump.
20. YaMZ-238M2 - the engine that replaced the YaMZ-238M in 1988, its environmental class is Euro 0. The engine is on the ChSDM DZ-240S, MoAZ-6442 and 6014.
21. YaMZ-238MS - option for northern latitudes.
22. YaMZ-238N - turbo engine with injection pump 804-21 and TKR 11, power 300 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 1078 Nm at 1500 rpm.
23. YaMZ-238ND3 - a turbocharged engine based on 238B, which does not have oil cooling pistons and a liquid-oil heat exchanger. The turbine TKR 11 and high pressure fuel pump 805-30 are installed here, and the motor meets the requirements of Euro 0. The motor resource of the engine is 8000 hours. Power 235 hp at 1700 rpm, torque 1108 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. There is an engine for K-700, 702, 703 and DZ-98V.
24. YaMZ-238ND4 - a turbocharged engine with a liquid-oil heat exchanger based on 238ND3. There is a high-pressure fuel pump 805-40, and the environmental class is Euro 0. It is found on K-744, K-703, KS-101, KS-104, KS-110, T15.01, T-221 and Chetra-60. The resource of the motor is 8000 hours, and its output is 250 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1108 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm.
25. YaMZ-238ND5 - turbo engine based on 238B-1. It was equipped with high pressure fuel pump 805-50, its generator, crankcase, crankshaft pulley and had a resource of 8000 hours. Motor power 300 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1280 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. They put it on the K-744R1.
26. YaMZ-238ND6 - turbo engine for Euro-1, developed on the basis of YaMZ-238DE. It differs from the parent engine in a generator, crankcase, flywheel, pump 805-60 and a resource of 10,000 hours. Power is 235 hp. at 1700 rpm, torque 1108 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. There was an engine on the K-740.
27. YaMZ-238ND7 - 250 hp version at 1900 rpm, the moment is the same. The pump 805-70 is used here, and this internal combustion engine is installed on the Kirovets and T15.01 tractors, as well as on the TG-221.
28. YaMZ-238ND8 - a model with a pump 805-80 for 300 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1280 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. This option is on Kirovets and goes to overhaul 10,000 hours.
29. YaMZ-238NP - a motor created on the basis of 238ND2 and is distinguished by a turbine nozzle and a generator.
30. YaMZ-238PM - a turbo engine with a TKR9 turbine with a power of 280 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 1029 Nm at 1500 rpm. Replaced by 238B.
31. YaMZ-238FM - the same 238PM, but with oil nozzles, power increased to 320 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 1118 Nm at 1500 rpm. The motor was replaced with a 238D.
Malfunctions YaMZ-238
1. The engine is warming up. The causes of overheating are often in a dirty radiator, pump or thermostats. Check and most likely the problem will be here. If not, then you need to look. cylinder head gasket and the condition of the heads for cracks.
2. Swim speed. The reason is the injection pump, you need to check how it is adjusted and adjust idling screw on the back. Another reason is air in the fuel system.
3. Does not develop momentum. You need to check how the pump is configured, replace filters, and look at the fuel system.
4. Twitching at low speeds. In this case, you need to start with the fuel (pump, injectors, etc.) and with the ignition.
5. Troit. Perhaps the reason is a lack of fuel and you need to pay attention to the high pressure fuel pump, to fuel filters, on nozzles or on tubes.
6. Stalls or starts and stalls. Check for air leaks, see fuel filters, pump, sometimes something extraneous could get into the tank.
7. Knocking in the engine. The reasons may be in the nozzles, pump, ignition, valves, rings, liners; You have to open up the engine and have a look.
8. Smokes:
- white smoke- perhaps you have water in the tank or coolant entering the cylinders through a gasket or cracked cylinder head.
- black smoke- you need to reduce the fuel on the injection pump using the lower power screw, most likely it is turned to the maximum.
- blue smoke You probably have an oil burn.
9. Vibration. The reasons are usually in the flywheel, in the ignition, in the engine mounts, in cardan shaft maybe the crankshaft is out of balance.
10. Won't start. The cause must be sought in the injectors and the pump.
11. Cracks in the cylinder head. Typical fault for these internal combustion engines, it is formed on the intervalve jumper, but, fortunately, this issue can be tried to be solved, there are many companies that are ready to restore the head.
Despite the long list various faults, it is very reliable and durable motor. YaMZ-238, with adequate care and maintenance, has a resource in practice of 800-900 and even 1 million km.
Engine number YaMZ-238
The number is located in the flywheel area, on the left.
Tuning YaMZ-238 engines
How to install a turbine
To convert an ordinary atmospheric 238 into a turbo, you can leave the standard pistons, you can do without oil nozzles, just put the TKR 36-87 turbine with manifolds from YaMZ-7511, make oil drain and oil supply to the turbine, put 261 sprayers, set up the injection pump and drive as is. So you can get 280-300 hp. It will even ride for years without problems, but for more high reliability it is better to replace the pistons with 238B.
Power units are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from minus 60ºС to plus 50ºС, relative humidity up to 98% at a temperature of 25ºС, air dust content up to 0.4 g/m sea and overcoming passes up to 4650 m above sea level with a corresponding decrease in power and economic indicators.
Long service life and reliable performance engine depends on timely maintenance.
Maintenance work is preventive and must therefore be carried out within the stipulated time.
Daily maintenance is carried out once a day.
Maintenance after engine break-in.
The first maintenance (TO-1) is performed every 500 hours of engine operation.
The second maintenance (TO-2) is carried out after 1000 hours of engine operation.
Seasonal maintenance is carried out before winterization and during the transition to summer.
Cooling system
liquid, closed type, With forced circulation coolant
Equipped with a thermostatic device to automatically maintain the thermal mode of the engine
Water pump
Centrifugal type, belt driven
Fan
Six-bladed, gear-driven and friction clutch turning on the fan
Liquid-oil heat exchanger
Plate or tubular type. Equipped with a faucet or plug for draining the coolant
thermostats
With solid filler. Opening temperature 80ºС.
electrical equipment
Single wire circuit. Rated voltage 24V
Generator
Alternating current, with a two-strand belt drive, with a rated voltage of 28V.
The generator model is determined by the configuration.
Starting device
Electric starter model 25.3708-21 or AZF 4581 manufactured by Iskra (Slovenia), rated voltage 24 V.
It is allowed to use starter ST-142D.
To facilitate starting a cold engine, an electric torch device is provided.
Weight of the unfilled power unit in the scope of delivery, kg:
With individual cylinder heads:
Without clutch and gearbox - 1250
With clutch - 1295
With clutch and gearbox - 1685
WITH common heads cylinders:
Without clutch and gearbox
YaMZ-238BE - 1180
YaMZ-238BE2 - 1215
YaMZ-238DE - 1180
YaMZ-238DE2 - 1215
with clutch
YaMZ-238BE - 1225
YaMZ-238BE2 - 1260
YaMZ-238DE - 1225
YaMZ-238DE2 - 1260
With clutch and gearbox
YaMZ-238BE - 1580
YaMZ-238BE2 - 1615
YaMZ-238DE - 1580
YaMZ-238DE2 - 1615
Refueling capacities, l:
lubrication system - 32
cooling system without water radiator volume - 22
advance clutch injection - 0.14
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Powertrain Models |
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engine's type |
Four-stroke, compression-ignition, turbocharged |
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Number of cylinders |
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Cylinder arrangement |
V-shaped, camber angle 90º |
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The order of operation of the cylinders |
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Direction of rotation of the crankshaft |
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Cylinder diameter, mm |
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Piston stroke, mm |
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Working volume, l |
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Compression ratio |
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Rated power, kW (hp) |
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Speed at rated power, min -1 |
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Maximum torque, N m (kgf m) |
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Rotational speed at maximum torque, min -1 |
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Idling speed, min -1: Maximum, no more Minimum |
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Specific fuel consumption By speed characteristic, g/kW h (g/hp h): Minimum At rated power |
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Specific oil consumption for waste in % of fuel consumption, no more |
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Mixing method |
direct injection |
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The combustion chamber |
Undivided type in the piston |
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Camshaft |
One for both rows of gear driven cylinders |
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Valve timing: intake valves Opening, hail. up to TDC Closing, hail. after BMT exhaust valves Opening, hail. to BDC Closing, hail. after TDC |
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Number of valves per cylinder |
One intake and one exhaust |
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Thermal valve clearances on a cold engine, mm |
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Lubrication system Mixed, with oil cooling in a liquid-oil heat exchanger: Under pressure, the bearings of the crankshaft, camshaft, pushers, rocker axles, spherical surfaces push rods, high pressure fuel pump, turbocharger. The rest of the rubbing surfaces are lubricated by spraying. |
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Oil pump gear type, single section |
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Oil pressure on a warm engine in the block line, kPa (kgf / cm 2): At rated speed At minimum speed, not less than |
400 - 700 (4 - 7) |
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Oil filters Two: full-flow cleaning filter with filter element and centrifugal cleaning filter |
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Oil cooling system With liquid-oil heat exchanger, which is mounted on the engine block on the left |
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Oil pressure for opening the valves of the lubrication system, kPa (kgf / cm 2): Oil pump pressure reducing valve Differential valve Oil filter bypass valve |
700 - 800 (7,0 – 8,0) 490 - 520 (4,9 - 5,2) 200 - 250 (2,0 - 2,5) |
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Fuel supply system |
split type |
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High pressure fuel pump (TNVD) with a regulator and fuel pump |
Eight-section, plunger, spool-type plungers: Plunger diameter 10 mm, plunger stroke 11 mm - YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE; Plunger diameter 12 mm, plunger stroke 14 mm - YaMZ-238BE2, YaMZ-238DE2 |
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Main parameters and characteristics |
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High pressure fuel pump model |
(238DE-1,-5,-10,-11) |
(238DE2, -1, -3, -5, -8, -11) |
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The order of operation of the sections of the fuel pump |
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Speed controller |
Centrifugal, all-mode |
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Fuel pump |
Piston with manual fuel pump |
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nozzles |
Closed type with multi-hole nozzles: 261.1112010-11 on YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE engines; 267.1112010-02 or 204.1112010-50.01 on YaMZ-238BE2 engines, YaMZ-238DE2 with common cylinder heads; 51.1112010-01 on YaMZ-238DE2 engines with individual heads |
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Injector injection start pressure, MPa (kgf / cm 2) |
20,6+0,8 (210+8) - 261.1112010-11 26.5+0.8 (270+8) - 267.1112010-02 and 26.5+1.2 (270+12) - 204.1112010-50.01 26,5+1,2 (270+12) - 51.1112010-01 |
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Adjustable fuel injection advance angle |
It is installed according to the marks on the flywheel and the injection pump housing and is: 13º±1 - on YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE engines; 6º ± 1 - on YaMZ-238BE2, YaMZ-238DE2 engines with common heads; 8º±1 - on YaMZ-238DE2 engines with individual heads |
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Fuel filters: coarse cleaning fine cleaning |
With replaceable element (YaMZ-238BE, DE), sump (YaMZ-238BE2, DE2). With replaceable filter element. On the cover is a bypass valve-jet. Opening pressure of the jet valve 20 ... 40 (0.2 ... 0.4) kPa (kgf / cm 2) |
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Pressurization system |
Gas turbine, one turbocharger, with radial centripetal turbine and centrifugal compressor |
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Turbocharger (TKR) |
Model 122 or TKR 100* |
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Boost pressure (overpressure) at nominal operation, kPa (kgf / cm 2) |
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* - the turbocharger is similar in design to the TKR model 122
