How to brake with ABS (ABS)
How to brake correctly in a car equipped with ABS, this question arose, perhaps, for many. A frightening crack under the hood makes you intuitively throw the brake pedal, which is just not worth doing. This article will be useful for both beginners and more advanced motorists who have moved to a more modern car.
To begin with, it will be useful to know how it works ABS (ABS) this will help us better understand this article. ABS (ABS) short for English expression ( Anti- lockbrakingsystem) - a system that prevents the wheels from locking when braking. This was invented so that at the moment of braking at complete blocking wheels between tire and pavement there is a friction-sliding force, which in turn is much less than the friction-rest force. Thus, braking without blocking the wheels will be more effective than sliding on the road surface. In addition, if the vehicle has one or more wheels in slip, then it loses control. Simply put, the system prevents the wheels from locking and prevents skidding during braking, which has a positive effect on the stability and controllability of the vehicle in braking mode.
Now let's look at how it works ABS (ABS) on practice. On the wheel hub of the vehicle there are protrusions similar to gear teeth, when the wheel rotates, the protrusions move under the inductive sensor, which converts them into impulses understandable to the system. As soon as impulses stop coming from one or more sensors and the brake pedal is pressed, the control unit understands that the wheel (s) do not rotate. To fix this, the control unit sends signals to relief valves(it is at this moment that we hear a characteristic crack), the braking force is weakened, and the wheel begins to rotate. Then the pressure increases again and everything repeats in a circle, doing everything for safe braking.
ABS device on the wheel and under the hood of the car
Now that we have figured out the principle of operation, we will consider the typical mistakes of motorists when braking on a car with an ABS system (ABS):
1) Do not be afraid of a characteristic crackle and do not release the brake pedal during its appearance if you have not finished braking.
2) Do not hit the brake pedal sharply, the effort should be as smooth and increasing as possible.
3) Trust the system ABS (ABS) wisely, apply adequate actions depending on the circumstances.
I would like to point out the main shortcomings of the system ABS (ABS). The system works almost perfectly on smooth pavement, but if you drive on sand, snow, ice, and especially on bumps and bumps, the system starts to behave a little inadequately. Therefore, if you hit a bump, release and press the brake pedal again
In the end, I would like to once again recall the basic rules for successful braking:
1) Keep an increased distance especially in winter period of the year.
2) Apply appropriate for the season in which you operate them.
3) Do not brake hard when entering a sharp turn.
4) If possible, try not to press hard on the brake pedal if there is a pit or bump under the wheel, release the pedal when the wheel rolls over bumps. (of course this is difficult to do on our roads, but still)
For full understanding of the above, I suggest watching the video:
P.S. And finally, how is it with animals :-)
Winter and ice on the roads is the most dangerous time for drivers. Due to lack full clutch wheels with road surface, the car starts to behave inappropriately on high speeds. If you need to brake hard, then braking distances increases, and the speed of the machine due to the force of inertia can increase sharply. To avoid accidents, experts advise to adhere to simple rules while driving and braking on an icy road.
First, you need to switch to a less aggressive driving style. Even light snow, slush or ice lead to the loss of 100% grip on the surface. The braking distance increases and you won’t be able to stop instantly, even if you have studded winter tires.
Secondly, you need to start braking in advance. Sudden application of the brakes is the cause of skidding. You need to slow down with the help of short and not long presses on the brake. The wheels should not suddenly block, but gradually slow down the speed of rotation.
Third, learn the combined stopping method. Its essence lies in the fact that having a sufficiently large area for braking, you need to shift to lower gears in advance and gradually slow down. The most important thing is timely shifting of gears, it is worth switching to a lower gear only with the appropriate indicator on the speedometer, otherwise there is a possibility of “knocking down the engine”, that is, a sharp shift to a lower gear with increased traction leads to a complete loss of controllability.
Remember to keep your distance between cars, and don't drive too fast unless you have to.
If your car is equipped with anti-lock wheels - ABS, you should not rely on it completely. In some cases, the braking distance may be even longer. The essence of ABS is that braking occurs intermittently, only the system itself does this with the help of sensors. Unfortunately on slippery road sensors do not always read information correctly. In order not to lose control, you need to sharply press the brake pedal and then squeeze the clutch. The system will then initiate impulse braking, but the wheels will not lock and the braking distance will be much shorter.
Most dangerous place in the city - these are crossroads. Because of the ice, you need to be extremely careful, start slowing down in advance. You should not immediately step on the gas when the green light turns on, because other motorists may not have time to stop in time, and pedestrians may slip on the ice.
How to brake on ice
But beginners need to gain experience, by trial and error, as a result of which, over time, a certain driving style will form. Regardless of the driving experience, it is necessary to constantly improve your technique in order to feel confident on an icy and snowy road.
In addition, you need to prepare the car for the winter period, since technical condition plays an important role.
Braking without ABS
A driver who has recently received a license must be careful while driving on ice, especially if the car is not equipped with ABS. A beginner must learn to feel his vehicle. In particular, it is necessary to determine the sound that is heard during the locking of the wheels after pressing the brake. The sound will indicate that the car is out of control, making it hard to stop until you hit an obstacle.
If you hear such a sound, then the brake pedal must be released immediately. Thus, the wheels are unlocked and the driver will be able to drive the car. To avoid re-blocking, you need to learn how to brake intermittently. To do this, you need to often press the gas and hold it in this position for a short time. As a result, the speed will decrease, and the driver will be able to gradually slow down in ice without violating the trajectory of movement.
Common Mistake
Some motorists in such a situation try to fully depress the brake pedal. However, this is not necessary. In ice, you can not make sudden movements with the gas, brake and steering wheel. This is due to the fact that traction with the road surface is poor and sharp maneuvers will lead to the fact that the wheels will simply lock up, as a result of which the car may skid. Therefore, you need to slow down the car intermittently or stepwise. IN this case the car will gradually slow down until the wheels lock up.
If there are no other cars nearby, then you can use the combined braking method. To do this, you need to downshift along with braking. But this can lead to engine failure. To avoid this, you need to downshift at the appropriate speed.
ABS braking
The blocking system is not perfect. This is especially true of the very first ABS. The driver must understand that the braking distance of a car equipped with this system will be longer. Therefore, the blocking system is not always beneficial.
The system analyzes and reads the braking impulses. As a result, the ABS balances the wheels in a timely manner. The system is useful, but on icy conditions it may misread these pulses, resulting in longer braking distances. It should be noted that modern systems do not have such disadvantages, so the motorist can brake safely on an icy road.
ABS simplifies the braking process in winter. To do this, you need to fully apply the brake and squeeze the clutch. Such actions activate anti-lock braking system. To learn how to brake on a car that is equipped with ABS, you need to train, only then you can safely perform all actions in an emergency.
Motor braking rules
All motorists should know how to stop a car with a motor. This skill allows you to avoid drifts.
Procedure:
* Completely release the gas.
* Press the clutch.
After such actions, fuel will not flow into the engine. Thanks to the transmission, it will still have torque for some time. That is, the motor will slow down the transmission and consume energy, as a result of which the wheels of the car will slow down. More weight will be pressed on the front axle, resulting in a more stable machine.
During engine braking, the wheels do not lock with brake pads. In this case, the braking force is simply distributed to the drive wheels. This method can also be used on wet roads.
In order to properly brake on an ice-covered road with the help of a motor, it is necessary to adhere to a certain scheme. This will allow not only to stop safely, but also to avoid various breakdowns. This scheme must be followed by all drivers.
To do this, the accelerator pedal must be fully released, press the clutch and immediately turn off the gear. When overdrive is turned off, you need to release the clutch pedal, but you do not need to turn off the gear. Then you gotta squeeze the clutch again you turn off downshift then release the clutch pedal. If you follow these instructions, you can avoid various breakdowns, plus everything braking will be quite safe.
On the road with heavy traffic, it is better not to use this method. First you need to work out all the movements. Only after that the scheme can be applied on the road. Studying this method allows you to better understand the behavior of your car.
In what situations it is necessary to use this or that method of braking in the winter. What is the longest road near pedestrian crossings. This is explained by a large number of cars slow down in such places. Therefore, impulse or combined braking is suitable here. Remember to slow down at traffic lights. Before you start moving, you need to wait a little time, as some road users will still continue to move, despite the red light. You need to be careful near pedestrian crossings, as a person can simply fall into ice.
In traffic jams and traffic flows, you need to be careful. In this case, intermittent, stepped or combined braking methods can be used. Braking should not begin when the car in front does it, but when the distant vehicle starts to slow down.
If you need to brake downhill, the car must be stable enough. To do this, you need to drive with the clutch engaged.
All methods of braking in ice should be known to every motorist. If there is an obstacle in front of you, then you should use impulse braking. However, it all depends on the situation, it is possible that you can go around this obstacle.
With the onset of winter, the tension on the roads increases significantly, since it is no longer possible to drive on a snowy and sometimes icy road in the "summer" mode, and not every car owner can quickly change the driving style. Due to the lack of a permanent good grip wheels with road surface, braking, especially in emergency situations may result in loss of control vehicle. Therefore, with the onset of cold weather, you should at least change your aggressive driving style to a calmer one.
Experienced car owners with many years of experience, this is exactly what they do, while beginners learn from their mistakes. In order to feel more confident on a slippery and icy road, constant practice is necessary, since all theoretical advice taken together will not allow you to gain the required experience, feel the car, intuitively feel the approaching danger. It should be understood, however, that despite the modern cars a variety of systems that help in managing, for example, ABS, you should not blindly rely on them.
ABS - help or hindrance on ice
Equipping cars with driving assistance systems has led to the fact that many, especially inexperienced drivers, began to trust her too much, forgetting many moments safe driving. It should not be forgotten that with the onset of frost, you should replace the rubber with studded options- this significantly reduces the brake let on slippery roads. In order to know how to properly brake with ABS, you should get acquainted with the principle of operation of this system, which is designed to prevent the wheels from locking during braking and loss of control over the vehicle.
Upon attempt hard braking on standard car without ABS, the wheels simply lock up, resulting in sharp decline controllability and skidding of the vehicle. It is worth noting that between the blocked tire and the road surface, the friction force will be quite weak, so it is almost impossible to quickly stop the car on a slippery road. Braking that is carried out without blocking is more efficient than sliding on an icy road surface. In addition, it prevents uncontrolled slipping and skidding of the car. The pros and cons of ABS are described in detail in the video:
To know how to brake with ABS with maximum efficiency, you need to understand the principle of operation of this system, which is quite simple. On each of the hubs of a car with ABS there are special protrusions like gear teeth. When the car is moving, they move under inductive sensors that transmit impulses to the car control system. There are several sensors, and when the wheel stops rotating during braking, the transmission of impulses stops, the bypass valves operate and the braking force weakens. It is at this moment that the driver hears a characteristic crack. Thus ABS system prevents locking of the wheels, allowing the driver to control the process of driving.
How to brake correctly in a car equipped with ABS
Before dealing with the question - how to properly brake in winter on front wheel drive, you should remember the simple rules of "winter" behavior on the road, which are often neglected modern drivers:
- keep a distance that differs from the summer one by a slightly greater distance;
- tires must match the season - not necessarily studded, but continue to operate the car on summer tires winter is unacceptable;
- avoid sudden braking when making maneuvers, especially when entering turns;
- do not press the brake pedal excessively when the vehicle overcomes obstacles / road surface irregularities.
The last point is especially relevant for cars with ABS. Do not be naive to believe that if the car is new and expensive, all the security systems and driver assistance available in it will help maintain controllability in a critical situation when the driver himself does not show elementary attention to traffic situation. In addition, there are some features, in addition to those listed above, that will allow you to brake on ice with ABS more correctly. These include the following:
Attention! The unconditional effectiveness of the ABS is sharply reduced on such surfaces as sand, ice, pronounced bumps - braking on them should be carried out taking into account the fact that the ABS may not work correctly.
How to brake properly in winter on mechanics
When braking in winter time when the road is icy or snowy, it must be understood that the stopping distance increases significantly, and measures to stop the car should be started in advance. It is most optimal to use a combined braking method, that is, in addition to the brake pedal, you should use a gearbox, especially if the distance allows. Such braking includes not only pressing the brake pedal, but also shifting to lower gears.
But it should be understood that downshifting should be gradual, with appropriate indicators on the speedometer - if you abruptly switch to a low gear when the speed of the car is high, there is a chance of “knocking down” the engine, which will lead to a complete loss of controllability. In winter, it is necessary to completely forget about such a braking technique as “pedal to the floor”. This is not only inefficient, but also dangerous, since when the wheels are blocked, driving becomes almost impossible.
To know how to brake on ice if the car is not equipped with ABS, you should remember how this system works. It is enough to apply the brake frequently and intermittently when you need to quickly reduce speed in order to avoid losing control and slow down. When on a slippery road, it is very important to remain calm and avoid sudden pressure on the brake pedal and steering wheel movements, remembering that such actions in most cases contribute to loss of control over the car.
Special attention to difficult sections of the road
If traffic occurs predominantly in urban areas, special care must be taken at intersections. They represent increased danger even in summer period In winter, the risk of an accident here increases many times over. In order to properly brake with ABS in winter, the process must be started several tens of meters before the intersection itself. It is enough to press the brake pedal lightly, allowing the ABS to do the rest.
Important! If the car slows down jerkily, you should not panic - this is normal, and any actions of the driver at this moment can prevent a quick stop.
At intersections, special care must be taken not only at the moment of stopping. You should not strive to start one of the first, as soon as the red starts flashing. Other members traffic they may not have time to complete the maneuver and completely stop moving, especially if their car is not equipped with ABS.
It snowed heavily in Moscow. Agree, a rather strange phenomenon for the month of January in our strip. Wet flakes covered our houses and roads. The temperature is zero degrees. There is snow on the roads. In the yards - snowdrifts. Under the snowy mess, puddles of dirty melt water. Water from the salon rug has to be poured out daily, since the rug is a trough. Great weather for checking out ABS work on your car. And yours doesn't? Then read on to understand whether it is worth paying extra when buying your next car.
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is on many foreign-made cars. You know the principle of operation, I think it is not worth dwelling in detail. It consists in preventing the wheels from skidding and sliding along the road (for more details, by the way, the ABS diagram from the same site). The cars that were at my disposal until recently, this was not observed, although the VAZs of the 10th family already provide for the possibility of installing both airbags and ABS, by the way, for those who wish, LADA Priora and Kalina with ABS and airbags have just arrived at dealers . True, this does not concern me too much, because some time ago I changed our car industry in favor of a foreign car and, I think, for a long time. Russian car industry, I gave best years of my life, or rather for twelve years, I went to different machines exclusively Russian production. and that's not counting the rides on the ZIL 130 during the years of service in the ranks of the Soviet Army.
I have very fond memories of ZIL, especially the moment when, with the help of sharp braking in winter, I managed to deploy it almost across the road, by the way, there was no ABS on it. But let's get back to the harsh (zero degrees) Moscow climate.
Case one: it was autumn, I was still driving a VAZ. An ordinary traffic light blinking green means it will soon switch to yellow. There is one car in front of me. In order not to stand then on red, we slightly add gas (a bad Moscow habit, we are always in a hurry). But what is it, the one in front slows down, “nothing, just a neat driver, doesn’t fly out to the intersection without looking,” the thought flashes through my mind, “I just keep up with him on yellow,” But the “stops” of the car in front are on, she she does not slow down ... she is already STANDING on the blinking green! Foot from the gas pedal to the brake! Sharp! Come on! Brake! Too fast…too. The wheels are skidding wet asphalt, the steering wheel does not work, the car turns to the right side and carries forward. The squeal of my own tires on wet pavement brings me out of my stupor. “Release the brake,” clicks in the brain, “if you want to stop, let go.” I release the brake for a moment and apply it again. And ... the wheels “grab” the asphalt, the braking started! The car is thrown to the side, I catch it with the wheel and brake further. A meter from the one in front, I stop, turned half-side. Take a deep breath, exhale “so, we won’t swear with the driver, nothing happened. We move on carefully. Damn dummies on foreign cars with ABS!”
Case two: I drive a car with ABS, the second lane, the speed is about 60, not even too high for Moscow. Gazelle ahead of me. Obeying an inner impulse, the Gazelle from the second lane abruptly rushes into the right side passage. Of course, he violates, since the movement is right-handed, but oh well, he will have time. The distance is sufficient. But why did he stop? So, the passage is busy, it lets someone through, but the Gazelle is a truck and its tail is still in my lane. Slow down... Slow down! Already BRAKING! What's happened? Slowing down is clearly not enough! Of course, the same spikes and wet oily asphalt. Wheels scrape, but do not cling. So, I hear the chirping of ABS, which means it works and the car is controllable. We calmly turn the steering wheel to the left without releasing the brake and go around it, we will not name anyone, and we go further as if nothing had happened. But with a skid, I would definitely have reached him. I would like to say thanks to the producers.
Now a few rules for driving with ABS, which I deduced for myself.
1. The speed and intensity of braking should be such that the car can brake without using ABS, if ABS is connected, then you did not calculate the distance or did not take into account slippery surface, and the machine tries to correct your mistake as best it can.
2. The car will go further with huddle than with ABS, so I do not recommend turning it off (on some cars it is possible). They say ABS doesn’t help much on virgin snow or on sand (but you’re not going to participate in the Paris-Dakkar rally in your car) in such cases you just can’t brake “to the floor”, trying to keep the pedal on the verge of turning on ABS.
3. If ABS is connected, then the deceleration of the car will be constant (but it will still be, even on ice!), Regardless of how hard you press the pedal, this deceleration may not be enough to prevent a collision, so you can and should maneuver, since ABS is allows.
4. Intermittent braking is not necessary, it is possible to fully release and depress the brake pedal in the middle of braking, trying not to brake to the floor. Then the ABS slightly changes the braking mode depending on the speed and intensity of pressing, and the car can brake more efficiently. Try it on your car and find golden mean. But in emergency cases, of course, do not think about anything and “press all the way”, without releasing the pedal, and rely completely on the ABS.
And lastly, try to drive so that the ABS turns on as little as possible. Good luck on the roads!
