A punctured wheel is usually indicated extraneous noise outside, as well as loss of speed and deterioration in handling. If the car pulls to the side, and in order to keep it on the road, you have to make an effort, then most likely a puncture on one of the front wheels. If it starts to enter back car, that's where the problem is.
When this happens, you will understand exactly what it is. Don't panic by any means. Align the car and, gradually reducing speed, pull over to the side of the road.
How to change a wheel
1. Park on the side of the road
You can’t continue driving with a punctured tire, but it’s also not a good idea to stop in the middle of the road. Therefore, do not be afraid to drive a couple of tens of meters and choose a flat, dry place on the side of the road.
Drivers of cars with mechanical box gears, it is imperative to turn on the first gear, and the owners of the automation must move the lever to the parking position (P).
And in any case, you need to put the car on the handbrake.
2. Install the warning triangle and prepare the tools
Parking the car in safe place don't forget to enable alarm and set a sign emergency stop which is in the trunk. IN settlements it is placed 20 meters behind the car, and on the highway - 40 meters.
In the same place, in the trunk, find a spare wheel and a jack with a wheelbrace. Usually the manufacturer places all this in a special niche under the floor, which can be reached by lifting the bottom panel.
It is good if you have a pump and a pressure gauge with you to check the pressure, as well as wheel chocks. And, of course, gloves will not interfere, since you still have to get your hands a little dirty.
3. Remove the wheel
After taking out all the tools and spare tire, lay them out next to the punctured tire and ask all passengers to get out of the car. Even if it's outside or pouring rain, safety comes first.
Despite the handbrake and the gear engaged, before installing the jack, you must additionally fix the wheels with stops. For them, however, any stones or pieces of brick will do.
If you need to replace rear wheel, stops are placed on both sides of the front wheels, and vice versa.
Now you can start removing the wheel. First, free the disk from plastic cap and use the wheelbrace to loosen the bolts. To move them, you need great effort, which can be provided with the weight of your body by simply pressing on the key with your foot. It is not necessary to completely unscrew the bolts: it is enough to unscrew them one turn.
After that, you need to raise the car with a jack. In no case should you install it anywhere. Especially for these purposes, there are small reinforced places on the bottom, which are usually located behind front wheel or just before the rear. The manufacturer designates them using triangles or cutouts at the bottom of the thresholds. If weld closed with plastic pads, they will be interrupted at the jacking points.
Move the jack under the bottom and start turning its handle clockwise. Be sure to make sure that the jack rises evenly, does not heel.
If, under the weight of the machine, the lower leg of the jack goes into the ground, you need to put something like a piece of board or brick under it.
Don't raise the wheel too much. It is enough to stop 5 cm from the ground. After that, you can completely unscrew the bolts and remove the punctured wheel from the hub. It is better to slide it under the car as insurance, and put the bolts somewhere on a rag so that they are not lost.
4. Install and check the spare tire
It remains to put a spare tire instead of a punctured wheel. To do this, align the holes on the disc with the holes in the hub, put the wheel on and screw on the bolts, completely wrapping them by hand.
It is important to install the nuts that fasten the wheels to the hub with the semicircular side towards the disk, and not out.
Remove the punctured wheel from under the car, lower the jack and finally tighten the bolts. You need to do it right. On wheels with four or six holes, opposite bolts are tightened in pairs. If there are five holes, then you need to pull in this order, as if you are drawing a five-pointed star.
It remains to assemble the tool, remove the jack and stops, and also check the pressure in the installed wheel and, if necessary, pump it up. If the pump is not at hand, you can ask for help from passing drivers.
If you use a small-sized spare tire, the so-called dokatka, then do not forget about caution: you can usually drive on it at a speed of no more than 80 km / h and for a distance of a maximum of 100 kilometers.
And, of course, try to fix a punctured wheel as soon as possible in a specialized tire shop, so as not to tempt fate and not drive without a spare tire.
Very often one hears phrases like: “what wheel radius do you have, the fifteenth?” Or “I have a radius of 16, but for the winter I will put the seventeenth, so that taller car was "... Such words can be heard both from the lips of people who are far from cars, and from "as it were professionals", such as tire workers or sales managers in a car dealership.
Some things sound boring and hard to remember, but you need to know them. Especially for car enthusiasts. Especially those who consider themselves experts and have their own opinion on any occasion. The devil is in the details, and this article is about one such detail.
Tire does not have a radius
A lot of people don't even understand what I'm getting at. “Well, radius, so what? I have wheels 195-65R15, radius 15, everything is written, what are you trying to be smart about ?! Here's what I'm thinking. R15 has nothing to do with radius. Neither R nor 15.
Now on the Internet you can find a lot of information, only such trifles as marking car tires are not among the most sought after. We better discuss engine power or the number of "buns" in the cabin, right? And we will leave the choice of wheels to the manager in the store. Or ask a friend. He definitely knows! He already has a third car!
In fact, it won’t hurt to understand these boring numbers even just for general development. Moreover, this will help save money and influence the behavior of the car, but more on that later. So far - pure educational program, so that later you can understand each other well.
So, 195/65R15. Classic case. Squat down next to your car. The first number is the width of the running part of the tire, roughly speaking, the width of the tread. Expressed in millimeters. That is 195 mm. is the width of your wheel. With the understanding of this number, most of the problems are not.
Through a fraction, 65 is the value of the profile. Expressed as a percentage of the width. Not in millimeters! The profile is the part of the tire that sticks out above the rim. Sidewall. That is, the height of this sidewall will be 195x65% = 125.75 mm. Not 65mm. And not something else. Moreover, it clearly follows from this scheme that the height of 65% with a width of 195 will be one, and if the tire is marked (conditionally) 225/65R15, it will be completely different! 225x65% = 146.25 mm. Although the numbers 65 are the same!
R is the radial construction of the tyre, more specifically, the way it is laid metal cord inside her. The tire design used to be bias-ply, but that was a long time ago. Now you almost never see “diagonal” tires, they are all completely radial, and the letter R will not tell anyone anything new, it will only cause disputes about the notorious radius ...
And finally, the number 15. This is the diameter. The diameter of the landing part of the tire, the inner diameter, the part that is in contact with the disc. Expressed in inches. 1 inch = 2.54 cm. That is, 15x2.54 \u003d 38.1 cm. This is also outside diameter disk, if anyone hasn't guessed ...
What tires can and can't be installed?
And then the fun begins. We can play with these numbers if we want to put other tires (rims) on the car. Ideally, the main thing is that the overall diameter does not differ, or differs slightly. Example.
The wheel 195 / 65R15 has the following overall diameter: 38.1 cm - inside, plus 125.75 mm x2 \u003d 251.5 mm (there is a profile both above and below). Converting to centimeters for simplicity, we get 38.1 cm + 25.15 cm = 63.25 cm. That's how! This is the total wheel diameter.
Now, if you want to put other wheels on, the owner of the car must understand the following: automakers understand this figure in the same way as we do. Considering the diameter of the wheel, the suspension is designed, brake system and body. Therefore, for the same car model (for example, for the Volkswagen Polo sedan), three wheel sizes are officially allowed. The simplest version is content with 175/70R14 (overall diameter 60.06 cm), 185/60R15 (60.3 cm) and 195/55R15 (59.55 cm).
It turns out that the “wheel by 14” is MORE, albeit slightly, than the wheel by 15 in the case of 195/55. This is to the question raised above, about how to put more wheels for the winter ... You need to carefully calculate everything. Will a large diameter figure mean and larger size wheels in general? Not always.
From early childhood, we see around us a huge amount of mechanics, technology and other useful devices. There are many mechanisms around: bulldozers, trucks, excavators, motorcycles and cars. These children's riddles will help parents understand and intelligibly explain to children about cars, explain the principles of operation of many useful and necessary objects and phenomena. Having asked a child a few of these riddles, you will immediately see the child growing up, his meaningful look at flying planes, passing cars or passing trains.
Does rain have four wheels?
What are these miracles called?
Answer: ( watering machine)
***
Miracle janitor in front of us:
With raking hands
In one minute raked
Huge snowdrift.
Answer: ( Snowplow)
***
The red car is rushing
Turning off the headlights
To serve in a dangerous
Hurry to put out the fire!
Answer: ( Fire engine)
***
Blue car with white stripe
She delivers mail in summer and winter
Lots of magazines in it.
Letters and newspapers.
And she's lucky
A warm hello to you!
Answer: ( mail car)
***
He goes, cuts the wave,
Grain is flowing from the pipe.
Answer: ( harvester)
***
Miracle bird, scarlet tail,
Arrived in a flock of stars.
Answer: ( Rocket)
***
The monster's emerald eye blazed.
So you can cross the street now.
Answer: ( Traffic light)
***
Got up from the edge of the street in a long boot
Three-eyed scarecrow on one leg.
Where the cars move, where the paths converge,
Help people cross the street.
Answer: ( Traffic light)
***
Girded stone belt
Hundreds of cities and villages.
Answer: ( Highway)
***
He has a mustache like a beetle
Passengers best friend.
If there are wires above it,
Will take you anywhere.
Answer: ( trolleybus)
***
He starts digging, replacing a hundred shovels.
Answer: ( Excavator)
***
By the sand pits, by the steep mountain
There is a giant with an iron hand.
Answer: ( Excavator)
***
A mole climbed into our yard,
Digs the ground at the gate.
A ton will enter the mouth of the earth,
If the mole opens its mouth.
Answer: ( Excavator)
***
I am at any time of the year
And in any bad weather
Very fast at any hour
I'll take you underground.
Answer: ( Metro)
***
Crowded, noisy, young,
The city rumbles underground.
And at home with the people here
They run along the street.
Answer: ( Metro)
***
What kind of car:
Neck like a goose
strength like an elephant?
Answer: ( Crane)
***
Raises the giant
Piles of cargo to the clouds.
Wherever he stands, then
A new house is growing.
Answer: ( Crane)
***
He quickly raced along the rails -
The sleepers counted everything.
Answer: ( Train)
***
There is a ladder in the field,
The house runs up the stairs.
Answer: ( Train)
***
The canvas, not the track,
Horse is not a horse - centipede
It creeps along that road,
The whole convoy is carrying one.
Answer: ( Locomotive)
***
I don't look like a piano
But I also have a pedal.
Who is not a coward and not a coward
I will ride that famously
I don't have a motor
I'm called...
Answer: ( Bike)
***
I went to the green house
And he didn't stay long.
This house turned out
Fast in a different city.
Answer: ( Railway carriage)
***
A steel horse rides, growls,
Behind the plows drags.
Answer: ( Tractor)
***
And a skating rink, and a harrow
He makes a smooth surface in the fields.
And they lie in the spring
Like a checkered notebook.
Answer: ( Tractor)
***
Doesn't fly, doesn't buzz
The beetle runs down the street.
And burn in the eyes of the beetle
Two blinding lights.
Answer: ( Automobile)
***
If I got up, I would reach the sky.
Answer: ( Road)
***
Girded stone belt
Hundreds of cities and villages.
Answer: ( Road)
***
Boldly floats in the sky,
Overtaking birds flight,
Man controls it
What's happened? ...
Answer: ( Airplane)
***
The fabled bird flies
And people sit inside
He speaks among himself.
Answer: ( Airplane)
***
What kind of bird:
He does not sing songs, he does not build nests,
Carries people and cargo?
Answer: ( Helicopter, Aircraft)
***
dragonfly flying,
Noisy like a thunderstorm.
Answer: ( Helicopter)
***
Two run away, two catch up, and rest together.
Answer: ( Four wheel machine)
***
Four brothers run -
They won't chase each other.
Answer: ( wheels)
***
Where they build a new house
A warrior walks with a shield.
Where it passes, it will become smooth,
There will be a level playing field.
Answer: ( Bulldozer)
***
The giant stands in the port,
Illuminating the darkness
And signals to the ships:
"Come visit us!"
Answer: ( Lighthouse)
***
They are always respected in the seas,
Their motto is always forward!
If the wind blows in them,
The ship is sailing faster.
Answer: ( Sail)
***
At sea, in rivers and lakes
I swim, agile and fast.
Among the warships
Known for its ease.
Answer: ( boat)
***
Swimming white goose
Wooden belly,
Linen wing.
Answer: ( Yacht)
***
The giant city walks
To work in the ocean.
Answer: ( Ship)
***
Over the river, across
The giant stretched out.
Across the river on the back
He let me walk.
Answer: ( Bridge)
***
Courageously sailing on the waves
Without slowing down,
Only the car is buzzing is important.
What's happened? ...
Answer: ( steamer)
