The main means in the performance of fire and rescue work are specialized vehicles. In the USSR, similar equipment was created on the basis of trucks. The most massive were the ZIL, KamAZ and Ural chassis. IN countryside more often, cheaper and simpler fire trucks based on GAZ trucks were used.
General information
For many years, the ZIL plant was largest producer trucks in the USSR. The plant produced two types of trucks - ZIL-130 with rear wheel drive and ZIL-131 with all-wheel drive. It was these two chassis that were most often used to create special equipment.
It should be noted that the rear-wheel drive chassis was used to build tankers, and a more stable and universal chassis with all-wheel drive - for retractable car stairs.
Fire trucks are designed not only to extinguish fires in various conditions, but also serve to deliver the fire brigade. On board the machine there is a supply of water and a foaming agent, as well as a pumping unit with the possibility of supplying water from open reservoirs.
Tank trucks AC30(130)63
First option fire engine on the new chassis ZIL-130 appeared in serial production in the autumn of 1965. The development and production of the machine under the designation PMZ 63 was carried out by the Priluksky plant of fire-fighting equipment. Some time later, according to new system designations, the car was renamed AC30 (130) 63. In the machine index, the letters АЦ denoted a tank truck, 30 - power installed pump in liters per second, 130 is the base chassis type and 63 is the model type. Subsequently, the factories in Orekhovo and Losino-Petrovsky began the production of machines with the same designation.
The combat crew of the car consisted of seven people, including the driver. The transported water supply in the tank is 2100 liters, the stock of foaming composition is 150 liters. The tank trucks were equipped with a portable motor pump MP 800A, a three-legged ladder and other equipment. The water pressure was provided using a pump model PN 30KF with a capacity of 30 l / s, however, there are machines of later releases with a pump with a capacity of 40 l / s. This was the ATs30 (130) 63A variant, which was equipped with a 40-liter pump PN 40U with increased productivity (this is what the letter “A” in the model designation spoke about). The plant in Priluki has been putting such a pump on the entire range of products since the late 60s. The range of a continuous stream of water reached 100 meters, when using a carriage, it was reduced to 60 meters.
The pump was driven cardan shaft from the power take-off. The number of revolutions of the ZIL fire engine could be controlled from the pump room.
Tank trucks AC30(130)63B
After some time, the AC40 (130) 63B machine went into production, which had a new chassis, cab and tank increased to 2360 liters of capacity. The capacity of the foaming agent tank was 170 liters. The new firefighter ZIL lost false wings on rear arches wheels. The configuration of the stern of the machine has noticeably changed - if previous version had an upbeat back, then new car she was straightened. Branch pipes of fire extinguishing systems were removed inside the body, access to them was carried out through hatches. A 150-horsepower carburetor engine made it possible to accelerate an almost ten-ton car to a speed of 90 km / h.
Fire ZILs of model 63B could be equipped with both old and new radiator linings. There is no clear time limit for the transition of cladding types.
Other versions of vehicles based on ZIL-130
In addition to tankers, there were other versions of the ZIL-130 firefighters. Among them, one can single out the AG-12(130)-PM-198 gas and smoke protection service vehicles and the AP 2 powder extinguishing installations. Such vehicles were used in the fire departments of large cities until the mid-90s.
Another type of ZIL fire trucks is autopumps. The most common was the AN30(130)64A pump, which began to be produced in the mid-60s under the designation PMZ-64A. The machines did not have a water tank, the supply of foaming composition was 500 liters. The machine was equipped with a three-legged ladder, oxygen cylinders and other fire extinguishing equipment.
Ladder AL30(131)L21
One of the most common firefighters ZIL-131 were ladders. The swivel base of the ladder was mounted above the rear chassis bogie. The stability of the machine was provided by four outriggers at the corners of the platform. The drive for turning and extending the stairs was carried out from the power take-off. To control the stairs, levers on the remote control, located along with the operator's seat on a swivel base, served. On the opposite side, a spare wheel was attached to the base.
The AL30(131)L21 machine was produced in the city of Torzhok from 1968 to 1983. The release continued later, but already under the designation AL30 (131) 506. The main difference was the lengthening of the ladder knees by 300 mm. Production cars until 1983 had a control panel with three levers, after the modernization of the levers there were four.
The maximum reach of the stairs up to 30 meters allows extinguishing in nine-story buildings. Three multidirectional spotlights are installed on its sections. When folded, it can be used as a crane arm. The machine was equipped with additional assault ladders.
Ladder AL30(131)506D
A modernized version of the ladder based on the fire ZIL-131. The main changes affected the nodes of the rotary part, hydraulic mechanisms and controls. To increase stability, the machine is equipped with a spring locking system. The mechanism consists of a hydraulic cylinder and a cable, which, when tensioned, blocks the spring of the rear bogie.
The hydraulic drive of the machine includes a power take-off, pump and filters working fluid, control equipment, main pipelines and oil tank. The car is equipped with a redundant emergency ladder drive.
When extinguishing and localizing fires, a huge role is played by the timely arrival of a fire brigade to the scene, as well as the possibility of using specific equipment and tools that a special-purpose vehicle is equipped with.
Machine design
Fire trucks are produced on the basis of a wide variety of trucks that are delivered to mass production. One of these trucks is ZIL.
Specialized equipment is installed on the platform of the standard model, and similar works carried out at specialized plants and assembly shops. The finished fire truck must meet all the requirements for this category of vehicles.
The most effective and popular are such models of ZIL fire trucks as AC 2.5/40, 3/40, 3.5/40 and 4/40.
The preferred use of ZIL cars as the base model is due to the unpretentiousness in the use and maintenance of these vehicles.
Their technical characteristics are maximally adapted to operation in various conditions, and maneuverability freight transport ZIL brand allows you to choose the most appropriate position of the car when extinguishing a fire.
The compact dimensions of the ZIL fire truck, in comparison with other brands of trucks, allow it to be successfully used to extinguish fires in urban areas, even with a relative lack of space.
Among the additional advantages of ZIL brand fire engines, it is worth noting their unpretentiousness to the quality or type of fuel. Moreover, besides diesel versions available and petrol options power units of cars of these brands, which, with little investment, can be equipped with gas-balloon equipment.
This upgrade will significantly reduce maintenance costs. fire fighting equipment, subject to the installation of HBO at specialized and certified stations.
Also, these vehicles have proven themselves in operation in various climatic conditions. Repairs, as well as spare parts for the machine, are relatively inexpensive, and maintenance does not require contact with special service centers. Many works on the repair and maintenance of ZIL fire trucks are carried out by full-time mechanics.
ZIL 130
The most common fire truck can rightfully be considered a specialized vehicle based on the ZIL 130 model. It is worth noting that in total about 10 variants of these vehicles were produced and converted by various engineering enterprises.
The most popular was the model of the fire truck ZIL 130 AC 40 - 63B. This vehicle was intended for delivery to the place of extinguishing the fire of the calculation, special means, and additional equipment for rapid localization and elimination of fire. The main substance used to extinguish fires was either water or an air-mechanical foam substance.
The described cars were equipped with a capacious tank, the volume of which is 2360 liters, as well as additional tank, into which a foaming agent was filled in a volume of 170 liters with a total weight of 187 kg.
The cabin, which houses the fire brigade, is assembled in the form of an all-metal structure and has two rows seats. Four cabin doors provide quick exit of firefighters from the vehicle. On the roof there are cases where the suction hoses are located.
On each side of the body are metal compartments to accommodate various specialized accessories and equipment. In addition, the described vehicle is equipped with centrifugal pump for extinguishing fires model PN 40UA. The pump is located at the rear of the car and has a single-stage mechanism of operation.
The power unit of this ZIL model is equipped with 8 cylinders, four-stroke with a liquid cooling system. Rated declared power power unit this car is 110 kW.
The car chassis is different increased level reliability and is made in the form of a spar frame. The spars themselves are made of low-alloy steel grade 30T. The spars are reinforced with special inserts that ensure the integrity of the overall supporting structure when the vehicle is fully loaded.
The suspension of this fire truck is completely independent and provides for the presence of springs and telescopic shock absorbers. Gable equipment rear wheels fire truck ZIL 130 provides a stable position of the car and high level patency. In addition, when using this vehicle in rural areas, it is allowed to install arched tires on the drive axle.
Such modernization allows you to quickly arrive at the place of fire extinguishing along roads with different quality and surface structure. also in similar conditions it is allowed to install a special winch on front bumper car.
The steering mechanism provides for the presence of a hydraulic booster. As a drive, a belt connection with crankshaft vehicle power unit. Brake mechanism has a design drum type with two inner pads for each of the hubs.
ZIL 131
A fire truck based on a ZIL 131 truck is also considered one of the most popular and sought-after fire engines. This model was first developed in 1968, and serial production was carried out between 1970 and 1984. Fire engines based on ZIL 131 were produced in two versions, model 137 and model 137A.
Over the entire period of production, cars have undergone many upgrades and improvements, which had not only external distinctive features when comparing various machines, but also significantly improved the operational and operational qualities of equipment and vehicles in general.
In addition to extinguishing fires with water, it is also possible to use special foam. The water tank was distinguished by its impressive capacity, which was 2400 liters.
A separate independent foam tank has a smaller volume than previous model ZIL, and is 150 liters. total weight fire model ZIL 131 is 11 tons 50 kg.
The power unit of the described model has a capacity of 150 hp. or 110 kW. Such data allow the car to accelerate to maximum speed indicator at 80 km/h. Fuel consumption in this case is about 40 liters for every 100 kilometers.
Vehicle equipped unique system heating water, which is in the main tank. This is possible thanks to the operation of the partial heating system. exhaust gases. Wheelbase has six single wheels, each of which is the leading one.
Dimensions are as follows:
- the total height of the ZIL 131 fire truck is 2950 mm;
- length - 7640 mm;
- width - 2550 mm.
At the same time, the vehicle height indicator is noted without taking into account full tanks and tanks, as well as the crew of a fire truck. Together with the driver, the cabin of the car is designed for a crew of 7 people.
The fire monitor mounted on the vehicle provides a range of water jet of 60 meters and foam up to 50 meters, while the control is carried out in manual mode. The design of the fire monitor provides for the possibility of its rotation in the range from -20 to + 90 degrees in the vertical plane.
Fire trucks come out on the basis of a variety of stock cars. Special equipment is installed on their platform on the conveyor of special enterprises and necessary tools. However, the chassis of the hero of our story, the ZIL truck, was most widely used in Russia.
Advantages of the fire ZIL
So, why is ZIL on fire brigades:
- The car is very unpretentious both in operation and in maintenance.
- The machine can be used in a wide variety of weather and climate conditions.
- The ZIL fire engine is a very maneuverable vehicle, which helps to put it in a place convenient for extinguishing.
- When compared with other cars of this class, then one can immediately note the compactness of the ZIL. Why the car can drive even into relatively narrow spaces.
- Unpretentiousness to the type and quality of the fuel being poured. Both gasoline and diesel variations are available, which can be replaced with gas equipment. The latter implies great savings on the maintenance of this official transport.
- Spare parts, as well as the repair of this car, are relatively minor waste. Moreover, repairing a ZIL does not require contacting specialized service centers - in most cases, a full-time team of auto mechanics can also handle it.
- A reasonable combination of cost and quality, which cannot be said about many other fire engines.
- Sophisticated chassis design adapted to work in real conditions.
Average specifications
The most popular ZIL fire engines are the following models:
- 2,5/40;
- 3/40;
- 3,5/40;
- 4/40.
Let's take a closer look at the technical characteristics of special vehicles in the table. For example, we will use the classics of the ZIL-130 (fireman) lineup - A-40 (131).
| Total information | |
| platform type | ZIL-131 |
| Length Width Height | 7.64/2.5/2.95 m |
| Weight | 11 t |
| Top speed | 80 km/h |
| Crew | 7 people |
| Wheel formula | 6x6 |
| Distribution of the total mass | |
| Front axle/rear bogie | 2.98/8.17 t |
| fire monitor | |
| Model name | PLS-P20 |
| Waste of water | 19 liters per second |
| The ratio of foam at the outlet of the fire monitor | 6 |
| Capacity | |
| Foam tank | 170 l |
| Water tanks | 2.4 t |
| Alert | |
| Siren | Electric or gas |
| Foam mixer | |
| Variety | Water jet ejector |
| Foam performance level in multiples of ten | 4.7; 9.4; 14.1; 18.8; 23.5 m3/min. |
| suction device | |
| Type | Air or gas jet ejector |
| suction lift | 7 m |
| The time interval for filling the pump with water (assuming: suction height - 7 m, length / diameter of the suction hose - 8 m / 125 mm) | 55 seconds - for the ejector, 30 seconds - for vacuum jet pump |
| fire pump | |
| Model Variation | PN-40UV |
| Type | Single stage centrifugal |
| pressure | 100 m |
| Innings | 40 l/s |
| Rotation frequency | 2700 rpm |
| Maximum/Control Suction Lift | 7/3.5 m |
Now let's talk specifically about model lines firefighters ZILs.
Model 130
The most common model of this fire fighting equipment is ZIL 130. More than 10 vehicle variants were produced, the most popular of which was ZIL 130 AC 40 - 63B.
Let's look at the distinctive features of this model range:
Model 131
Developed in 1968, this series was also quite popular - it was produced in 1970-1984. There were two versions - 137 and 137A.
Let's go through the features:
- The volume of the water tank is 2.4 tons.
- Foam tank - 150 l.
- Engine - 150 hp
- Fuel consumption - 40 l / 100 km.
- Unique water heating system due to exhaust gases.
- Fire monitor control in manual mode. Range of water jet - 60 m, foam - 50 m.
- Fire monitor rotation - +90 ... -20 degrees vertically.
Each of us has probably seen a red and white ZIL firefighter rushing to a call or returning to the garage. As we were convinced by the technical characteristics and the identified number of advantages of this machine, it will be in the service of the Russian fire departments for a long time - because of its versatility, unpretentiousness and full compliance with the conditions of the work performed.
To the means technical service includes fire fighting equipment, which includes fire engines, fire-technical equipment (PTV), as well as communications, lighting and other fire equipment. The main type of fire equipment are fire trucks (PA).
Depending on the purpose, fire trucks are divided into basic, special and auxiliary
Basic fire trucks designed to supply fire extinguishing agents to the combustion zone and are divided into vehicles general use(for extinguishing fires in cities and settlements) and purpose-built vehicles: airfield, air-foam extinguishing, powder extinguishing, gas extinguishing, combined extinguishing, first aid vehicles.
Special firefighters cars designed to ensure the fulfillment special works on fire. The list of special works is given in the Combat Regulations fire brigade.
TO auxiliary fire trucks include: tankers, mobile auto repair shops, diagnostic laboratories, buses, cars, operational and service vehicles, trucks, as well as other specialized vehicles.
1 SPECIAL
AKP - 30 /KAMAZ/
Fire articulated lifts are designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with articulated lifts, in cooperation with units on the main fire trucks, provide the supply of fire extinguishing agents and their introduction to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property, operate the fire monitor mounted in the basket of the car lift, which is controlled from the ground, as well as to supply medium-expansion foam to the height.
AKP - 30
Chassis type - KAMAZ
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length - 14300
Width - 2500
Height - 3600
Maximum speed - 100 km / h
Angle of elevation - 90 degrees.
Lifting height - 30 m
Cradle load capacity - 350 kg
Width between extreme support points -5.5 m
AUTOLADDER AL - 53 / Mercedes /
Turning stairs DL 53 C/F is a rescue vehicle lifting platform, which is used primarily for rescuing people, extinguishing fires and providing technical support.
The achievable rescue height is approximately 53 meters.
Configuration ladder DL 53
1. Staircase;
2.fastening;
3. Running gear;
The chassis is used as a chassis with front steering type Mercedes Benz. The engine provides the movement of the car and the movement of special devices.
The driver's and crew's cabin provides space for the driver, driver's assistant and a team of up to 4 people. There are two doors.
The working platform is made of stainless, non-slip hard aluminum coating, and the outer casing is made of steel sheet. Folding Ladder - A ladder is installed at the rear of the platform on the left. The working bodies of the fire pump are located on the platform on the left. Access to the left and right storage compartments is through built-in louvres.
The running gear is connected to the base of the running gear and the vehicle chassis by means of a gear wheel. It provides 360 degree rotation of the chassis connection and ladder assembly attachment. The drive is carried out by means of the running gear with hydraulic management.
The control panel is located on the outer left side of the chassis and consists of a control panel and an operator's seat.
The ladder consists of 6 sections, 5 of which can be telescopically extended and retracted. The lower section of the ladder rotates on the axis of the ladder attachment. The sections of the stairs are made of closed steel hollow square sections, and the lower chords are made of special bent sections.
The work of the turntable as a whole consists of the following functions:
Lift / Tilt;
Rotation;
Extension / cleaning;
Leveling on the ground
From ground level, the stairs can be raised up to a maximum of 75 degrees.
The ladder can be lowered to a maximum of minus 12 degrees below the floor level
The turntable can rotate continuously through 360 degrees when it is raised approximately 30 cm at an angle of 7 degrees from its resting position.
The ladder is extended and retracted by 4 hydraulic cylinders.
To ensure that the stairs work optimally when making calls, the following instructions must be followed:
1. Temperature environment stairs in the garage must be at least + 5 0С;
2. Carry out maintenance and repair at intervals determined by the manufacturer;
3. check fixtures and spare parts for their completeness and proper storage;
4. Follow the manufacturer's instructions;
5. Each time before leaving, make sure that the ladder is completely retracted, securely fastened to the support and the ladder lock is closed.
Choosing a site for installing stairs:
1. Place the car on the selected site as close as possible to the object on which the ladder will be used / the distance should not be less than 9 meters;
2. Check the hardness of the ground and the unevenness of the site, paying attention to:
The rear wheels of the vehicle or the hydraulic cylinders of the support system must not be located on soft ground, closed manholes or hydrant covers.
The lateral slope of the turntable on uneven ground should not exceed 7 degrees.
Climbing stairs
When climbing stairs, the following precautions should be observed:
Before completing the maneuvers with the ladder, set the sections so that the sections are aligned on the axis;
The ladder commander must make sure that the ladder is in the correct vertical position, an inclined ladder raised by more than 40 degrees should not be climbed if the ladder is unloaded .;
The ladder must not be climbed until the maneuvers have been completed;
The operator must always be at the stair control panel during the ascent of the stairs, it is necessary to constantly monitor the load indicator and the support system .;
at night, the site should be lit
Everyone climbing the ladder must be well acquainted with the working and safety devices of the ladder and must have a safety belt;
The stairs should be climbed with even steps and not too fast;
In rescue operations, the person being rescued must either be tied to the top of the ladder with a rope or the rescuer descends the ladder ahead of the person being rescued;
When maneuvering the ladder, no one should be on the ladder.
EMERGENCY _ RESCUE VEHICLE
Technical characteristics of ASA
Chassis UAZ 452
Number of seats 3 ;
Speed, km/h 95;
1.Hydraulic tool kit
"LUCAS":
Bosch power plant - 1;
Hydraulic pump with electric drive - 1;
Manual hydraulic pump - 1;
Hydraulic cylinder LSR - 1 ;
Retractor LSR - 1;
Cutting device LS - 1;
Hydraulic hoses - 2;
Halogen spotlights - 2;
2. A set of hydraulic tools "Ekont":
Pumping station NS "HONDA" - 1;
Manual hydraulic pump H - 80;
Expander - scissors with a nozzle for opening steel doors - 1;
Hydraulic cylinder TsS -2 - 1;
Set of accessories for hydraulic cylinder
A) axis - 2;
B) strubin - 1;
C) hook - 2;
D) earring - 2;
D) chains -2;
E) caretaker - 1;
Hydraulic hoses - - 4 ;
3.Radio station "MOTOROLA"
4. Signaling - loud-speaking installation SGU - 80, Elect - 1;
5. Cable reel - 1;
6.Cutter - 1.
AUTOLADDER AL - 30 / ZIL 131 /
The fire ladder is designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with ladders in cooperation with units on the main fire trucks provide fire extinguishing agents and their input to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property.
AL - model L22)
Chassis type - ZIL - 131
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length - 9800
Width - 2500
Height - 3160
Weight with full load, kg - 10500
The smallest turning radius, m - 10.2
Maximum speed. km/h - 80
Engine power. kW (hp) -
Fuel consumption per 100 km. l - 40
Fuel reserve, km - 400
Capacity fuel tank, l - 170
The length of the fully extended ladder, m: without an additional knee - 30.2
with an additional knee - 32.2
The maximum angle of rotation of the knees is unlimited
Ladder maneuver time, s:
Raising the knees by 75 - 30
Extending the knees to the full length - 30
Turn knees to the right 90 - 15
Lift capacity, kg - 180
COMMUNICATION AND LIGHTING VEHICLE / ASO - 8 /
Communication and lighting fire trucks are designed to illuminate the place of work of fire departments on fires and provide control and information communications. They deliver a combat crew and a kit to the fire site. special equipment to provide communication and lighting at the fire site.
Units armed with a communications and lighting vehicle can provide control communications using portable radios, a loudspeaker installation, telephone communications, information communications using car radios and a telephone connected to an automatic telephone exchange, as well as lighting four to six combat positions during the work of fire extinguishing units. This car can be used as a power station providing electricity to lighting, communications and power tools. Electricity is supplied from a generator installed directly on the car, or from the city's power grid. Near the communication and lighting vehicle, as a rule, there is a fire extinguishing headquarters.
ASO - 8 (66)
Chassis - GAZ - 66-01
Number of places for combat crew - 5
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length - 5655
Width - 2322
Height -2880
Weight, kg 5780
Maximum speed, km / h - 85
Control fuel consumption, l - 24
Fuel reserve, km - 870
Generator:
Brand - ECC5 - 62 - 42 - M - 101
Voltage, V - 230
Power, kW - 8
Spotlight stationary:
Type - PKN - 1500
Voltage, V - 220
Power, V - 1500
Incandescent lamp - KN - 220 - 1500
Portable spotlight:
Brand PKN - 1500
Voltage, V - 220
Power, V - 1500
Number, pcs - 4
Trunk cable
Means of communication:
Stationary radios
Radius - 40 km
Portable -6 pcs.
Loudspeaker installation.
AUTOLADDER AL - 30 / PM 512 /
The fire ladder is designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with ladders in cooperation with units on the main fire trucks provide fire extinguishing agents and their input to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property.
AL - 30 PM 512
Chassis type - Kamaz
The height of the fully extended ladder at an angle of 75 - at least 30 m;
Working load at the top of a non-leaning ladder: 18 m - 350 kgf; 24m - 100 kgf;
Lifting capacity of the ladder / crane / - angle 30 - 75 0 - 2000 kg;
Operating range -7 to + 75 ;
Rotation angle not less than 360 0;
Width in vehicle - 2500 mm;
Height in the vehicle - 3800 mm;
Length in the vehicle - 11000 mm;
Chassis type - all-wheel drive;
The number of places for combat crew - 3 hours;
Maximum speed - 70 km / h;
Average service life - 11 years
AR - sleeve car, ASh - staff car, ATSO - vehicle of equipment and communications.
2. BASIC.
AERODROME VEHICLE /AA/
Airfield fire trucks are designed to provide fire and rescue services on the runway of the airfield, extinguish fires in aircraft and helicopters, evacuate passengers and crew members from aircraft that have crashed, and also to extinguish fires at facilities near airports. Cars are used to deliver combat crew, fire equipment to the accident site of an aircraft or helicopter and supply water, VMP, highly effective fire extinguishing powders, freons and liquid bromoethyl compounds to the fire site. Aerodrome vehicles are equipped with PDS-400 gasoline-powered circular saws designed to open aircraft fuselages. For extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces, aircraft compartments, cabins, engine compartments, as well as at energized electrical installations, vehicles are equipped with SZhB fire extinguishing installations and powder fire extinguishers.
Tactico - technical specifications AA - 60
FIRE TANKER ATs - 2.5 - 40 / ZIL -131 /
Currently, the fire departments are equipped with modern means rescuing people and extinguishing fires that allow them to perform tasks in the most difficult conditions fire conditions.
The department, armed with a tanker truck, a pump truck or a pump-hose vehicle, is the primary tactical fire department, capable of independently performing individual tasks of extinguishing a fire, saving people, protecting and evacuating material assets.
The main tactical unit of the fire department is the guard, which consists of two or more squads on the main fire trucks. Depending on the specifics of the protected area or object, guards can be reinforced by one or more squads on special or auxiliary fire engines.
Fire tank truck AC - 2.5 -PM - 548 A.
Gross weight - 10280 kg;
Cabin type - double;
Chassis type - all-wheel drive;
Engine power - 110 (150) kW (hp);
Number of seats - 6;
Pump capacity - 40l / s;
Base chassis - ZIL - 433440;
The highest suction height is 7.5 m;
Maximum speed - 80 km / h;
Length - 7000 mm;
Width 2500 mm;
Height 2800 mm;
Tank capacity - 2500 l;
Foam tank capacity - 200 l;
Full service life - 10 years
FIRE TANKER ATs – 5– 40/KAMAZ/
Fire tank truck AC - 5 - 40 PM 524
Weight - 15600 kg;
Number of seats - 7;
Suction height - 7.5 m;
Length - 8500; Width - 2500; height 3100 mm;
Tank capacity 5000 l;
Foam tank capacity 400 l;
Service life - 10 years.
FIRE TANKER ATs – 7– 40/KAMAZ/
Fire tank truck AC - 7 - 40 PM 524
Weight - 18255 kg;
Number of seats - 7;
Head PN - 100 m; productivity - 40 l / s;
Suction height - 7.5 m;
Maximum speed - 80 km / h;
Length - 8500; Width - 2500; height 3400 mm;
Tank capacity 7000 l;
Foam tank capacity 700 l;
Service life - 10 years.
ANR - pump-hose car. PNS - foam pumping station, AGVT - gas-water extinguishing vehicle, AB - foam extinguishing,
When extinguishing and localizing fires, a huge role is played by the timely arrival of a fire brigade to the scene, as well as the possibility of using specific equipment and tools that a special-purpose vehicle is equipped with.
Machine design
Fire trucks are produced on the basis of a wide variety of trucks, which are put into serial production. One of these trucks is ZIL.
Specialized equipment is installed on the platform of the standard model, and similar work is carried out at specialized plants and assembly shops. The finished fire truck must meet all the requirements for this category of vehicles.
The most effective and popular are such models of ZIL fire trucks as AC 2.5/40, 3/40, 3.5/40 and 4/40.
The preferred use of ZIL cars as the base model is due to the unpretentiousness in the use and maintenance of these vehicles.
Their technical characteristics are maximally adapted to operation in various conditions, and the maneuverability of ZIL brand trucks allows you to choose the most suitable vehicle position when extinguishing a fire.
The compact dimensions of the ZIL fire truck, in comparison with other brands of trucks, allow it to be successfully used to extinguish fires in urban areas, even with a relative lack of space.
Among the additional advantages of ZIL brand fire engines, it is worth noting their unpretentiousness to the quality or type of fuel. Moreover, in addition to diesel versions, petrol versions of the power units of cars of these brands are also available, which, with little investment, can be equipped with gas equipment.
Such modernization will significantly reduce the cost of servicing fire equipment, provided that HBO is installed at specialized and certified stations.
Also, these vehicles have proven themselves when operating in various climatic conditions. Repairs, as well as spare parts for the machine, are relatively inexpensive, and maintenance does not require contacting special service centers. Many works on the repair and maintenance of ZIL fire trucks are carried out by full-time mechanics.
Zil 130
The most common fire truck can rightly be considered a specialized vehicle based on the Zil 130 model. It is worth noting that in total about 10 variants of these vehicles were produced and converted by various engineering enterprises.
The most popular was the model of the fire truck Zil 130 AC 40 - 63B.
This vehicle was designed to deliver crews, special equipment, and additional equipment for prompt localization and elimination of fire to the fire extinguishing site.
The main substance used to extinguish fires was either water or an air-mechanical foam substance.
The described cars were equipped with a capacious tank, the volume of which is 2360 liters, as well as an additional tank into which a foaming agent was filled in a volume of 170 liters with a total weight of 187 kg.
The cabin, which houses the fire brigade, is assembled in the form of an all-metal structure and has two rows of seats. Four cabin doors provide quick exit of firefighters from the vehicle. On the roof there are cases where the suction hoses are located.
On each side of the body are metal compartments to accommodate various specialized accessories and equipment. In addition, the described vehicle is equipped with a centrifugal pump for extinguishing fires model PN 40UA. The pump is located at the rear of the car and has a single-stage mechanism of operation.
The power unit of this ZIL model is equipped with 8 cylinders, four-stroke with a liquid cooling system. The nominal declared power of the power unit of this vehicle is 110 kW.
The chassis of the car is distinguished by a high level of reliability and is made in the form of a spar frame. The spars themselves are made of low-alloy steel grade 30T. The spars are reinforced with special inserts that ensure the integrity of the overall supporting structure when the vehicle is fully loaded.
The suspension of this fire truck is completely independent and provides for the presence of springs and telescopic shock absorbers. The dual-pitch configuration of the rear wheels of the Zil 130 fire truck ensures a stable position of the vehicle and a high level of cross-country ability. In addition, when using this vehicle in rural areas, it is allowed to install arch tires on the drive axle.
Such modernization allows you to quickly arrive at the place of fire extinguishing on roads with different surface quality and structure. Also in such conditions, it is allowed to install a special winch on the front bumper of the car.
The steering mechanism provides for the presence of a hydraulic booster. As a drive, a belt connection with the crankshaft of the vehicle's power unit is used. The brake mechanism has a drum-type design with two inner pads for each of the hubs.
Zil 131
Fire truck at the base cargo Zil 131 is also considered one of the most popular and sought after fire engines. This model was first developed in 1968, and serial production was carried out between 1970 and 1984. Fire engines based on Zil 131 were produced in two versions, model 137 and model 137A.
Over the entire period of production, cars have been subjected to many upgrades and improvements, which not only had external distinctive features when comparing different cars, but also significantly improved the operational and operational qualities of equipment and cars as a whole.
In addition to extinguishing fires with water, it is also possible to use special foam. The water tank was distinguished by its impressive capacity, which was 2400 liters.
A separate independent foam tank has a smaller volume, unlike the previous ZIL model, and is 150 liters. The total mass of the fire model Zil 131 is 11 tons 50 kg.
The power unit of the described model has a capacity of 150 hp. or 110 kW. Such data allow the car to accelerate to a maximum speed of 80 km / h. Fuel consumption in this case is about 40 liters for every 100 kilometers.
The car is equipped with a unique water heating system, which is located in the main tank. This is possible due to the operation of the partial heating system with exhaust gases. The wheelbase has six single wheels, each of which is a leader.
Dimensions are as follows:
- the total height of the fire truck Zil 131 is 2950 mm;
- length - 7640 mm;
- width - 2550 mm.
At the same time, the vehicle height indicator is noted without taking into account full tanks and tanks, as well as the crew of a fire truck. Together with the driver, the cabin of the car is designed for a crew of 7 people.
The fire monitor mounted on the car provides a range of water jet of 60 meters and foam up to 50 meters, while the control of the fire monitor is carried out in manual mode. The design of the fire monitor provides for the possibility of its rotation in the range from -20 to + 90 degrees in the vertical plane.
IN initial configuration The described fire trucks were equipped with fire pumps of the PN 40U brand. In addition, a foam mixer system - PS5 is provided.
Fire Zil 131 were upgraded and improved. So during the operation of these cars, many shortcomings and miscalculations in the design were revealed.
An example is the insufficient rigidity of the breakwaters inside the working tank or the quality and principle of attaching the tank to the vehicle frame. In many cases, the latter drawback was the cause of the violation of the geometry of the tank, followed by depressurization and leakage.
Source: https://ProtivPozhara.com/oborudovanie/transport/pozharnyj-avtomobil-zil
Fire engine
The fire truck (ATs-40 fire truck) is designed to extinguish fires and is used to deliver combat crew, fire-technical equipment, water, foam concentrate to the fire site, supply water from a tank, open reservoir or water supply network (hydrant) to the fire site. Supply of air-mechanical foam to the fire source using a foam concentrate filled into the foam tank or with its intake from an external reservoir.
The ZIL-131 fire engine can be used in various climatic conditions with air temperature fluctuations from minus 40 to plus 40ºС.
Composition and arrangement of a fire engine (fire tank truck)
The tank truck consists of the following main components:
- additional cooling systems;
- exhaust and vacuum systems;
- engine and vacuum jet pump control systems;
- tank for foaming agent;
- additional electrical equipment;
Figure 1 (Dimensional diagram of the AC fire engine.)
Figure 1 shows general form fire truck.
A water tank is fixed on the chassis in the cradles, and bodies are fixed on the cantilever brackets of the cradles.
The fire truck is equipped with a seven-seater all-metal cabin.
At the rear of the tank truck, behind the tank, on the overframe, a fire pump is mounted, which is driven by means of cardan shafts from the power take-off mounted on the chassis gearbox.
A foam concentrate tank is installed in the pump compartment. The fire truck is equipped with a control system for a pumping unit located in the pumping compartment, with devices that control the operation of the pump when extinguishing a fire.
The fire truck is equipped with additional electrical equipment that provides signaling and lighting. Fire equipment is located in the compartments of the body, the cab and on the roof of the body.
Fire extinguishing is carried out with water and foam supplied through barrels and generators connected by hose lines to the pressure nozzles of the pump.
Fire truck specifications:
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| car chassis | AMUR 531320 (or ZIL-131) |
| Overall dimensions, not more than, mm: | |
| - length | 7500 |
| - width | 2500 |
| - Height as delivered | 3500 |
| Weight(With full charge fuel, water, foaming agent, equipment, combat crew), no more than, kg | 11200 |
| Gross weight distribution, no more than, kg: | 3200 |
| - on the front axle | 8000 |
| - on the rear trolley | |
| The mass of the tank truck in the state of delivery, no more than, kg | 8330 |
| Overhang angles at gross weight, rad(degree): | |
| - front | 0,45(26) |
| - rear | 0,26(15) |
| Number of places for combat crew a (including the driver's seat), pers. | 7 |
| Time continuous work tank trucks at pump flow 0.04 m3/s (40 l/s), pressure (0.9±0.05) MPa, geometrical suction height 3.5 m (with refueling), not less than, h: | 6 |
| Maximum travel speed with full load on paved roads, km/h | 80 |
| Power take-off: | |
| - type | mechanical, single stage |
| - location | on the upper flange of the gearbox |
| - gear ratio | 1:0,85 |
| Fire pump: | |
| - type | centrifugal, single-stage NPTs-40/100-R-R-U2 |
| – supply at a nominal shaft speed of 45 s (2700 rpm), pressure (0.9 ± 0.05) MPa, geometric suction lift 3.5 m, l / s (m / s): | 40 (0,04) |
| - place of installation | pump compartment at the rear |
| Foam dispenser: | |
| - type | water jet injector |
| — foaming agent dosing range at a pressure at the pump inlet of not more than 0.25 MPa (2.5 kgf/cm2) and at the pump outlet of at least 0.8 MPa (8 kgf/cm2), l/s | Within the range from 0.24 to 0.36 for each GPS-600 generator |
| Suction unit: | |
| - type | gas jet ejector |
| — maximum geometric suction height, m | 7,5 |
| — pump filling time with water (at suction height 7.5m, suction hose Ø125mm, length 8m), sec | 40 |
| Carriage barrel: | |
| - brand | SLK-P20 |
| - water consumption during the operation of the fire monitor with a nozzle Ø28mm, l / s (m / s) | 20 (0,02) |
| — operating pressure in front of the fire monitor, not less than, MPa (kgf/cm2) | 0,6 (6) |
| — jet range when fired by fire monitors, not less than, m | 50 |
| — foam ratio at the exit from the barrel, not less than | |
| Hydraulic elevator: | |
| - type | water jet ejector |
| — productivity, l/min | 600 |
| — working pressure, MPa (kgf/cm2) | 0.2 to 1.0 (2.0 to 10) |
| Sound signal | |
| - type | SGU-20 electric |
| Vessel capacity | |
| — water tank, not less than, m (l) | 2,5 (2500) |
| — foam concentrate tank, not less than, m (l) | 0,15(150) |
| Cabin and body: | |
| – cabin | Closed, all-metal, double |
| - bodies (left and right) | Closed, all-metal, blind doors, two on each side |
| Additional electrical equipment: | |
| - wiring system | Single-wire, negative terminals of current sources connected to the body (vehicle ground) |
| - voltage in the network, V | 12 |
Table 1
Source: http://spec-avtoteh.ru/index.php/pozharnayamenu.html
AA-40(131)-139
With the advent of the cross-country vehicle ZiL-131, it became necessary to create a fire truck based on it.
In the second half of the 60s, OKB-8 in Priluki began to develop three unified vehicles at once: a conventional PMZ-137 tank truck, a PMZ-138 tank truck for the northern regions, and an PMZ-139 airfield vehicle.
To simplify production, it was decided to make the design similar to the PMZ-63 fire tank truck on the ZiL-130 chassis. From PMZ-63, a double cabin, a pump, and sleeve cases were borrowed. The body was modified taking into account the presence of two base chassis rear axles instead of one.
The prototypes were successfully tested and were recommended for production. To master all three machines at the same time, the Pryluky plant "Pozhmashina" turned out to be beyond its power.
The first in production in 1969 was launched airport car, since such equipment was sorely lacking for the developing network of airfields. Its development was carried out by a team of designers led by G.S. Burdman.
In accordance with the new designation system, the car became known as AA-40 (131) -139. The production of the tanker ATs-40 (131) -137 was mastered in 1970, and the northern tanker ACS-40 (131) -42B - in 1971.
Starting fire truck AA-40(131)-139 is used in service on the runway of the airfield to extinguish the fire of aircraft and evacuate passengers and crew from the emergency zone. It can be used in various climatic zones with air temperatures from -35 to +35°C.
The AA-40(131)-139 body consisted of two pedestals along the water tank (2100 l). At the rear, a PN-40 pump (since 1973 PN-40U) and a 150-liter foam concentrate tank were installed.
The pump drive was carried out from the power take-off, which allows you to turn on the pump both in the parking lot and when driving in I or II gear. To ensure the thermal regime of the engine at long work pump available additional system cooling.
To prevent freezing of water in winter time the tank is covered with felt and equipped with an electric heating system. In addition, the tank and pump room can be additionally heated by engine exhaust gases.
After emptying the tank, water can be pumped from the water supply network or reservoir. Behind the standard cab of the ZIL-131, a four-seat combat crew cab was welded. A stationary fire monitor PLS-P20 was mounted on the roof of the cabin, which was controlled from the cabin through the hatch.
For the convenience of the operator-trunker, the back of the seat in the rear cabin leaned back and formed a platform. A control panel for the pumping unit was also mounted on the roof. To supply foam, there was another barrel that could be installed instead of a water one.
From the AC-40 (131) -137, the airfield vehicle is distinguished by the volume of the water tank reduced by 300 liters, the presence of extinguishing systems with bromoethyl compounds (stationary SZHB-150 and portable SZHB-50), the PDS-400 circular chainsaw for cutting an opening in the fuselage of the aircraft and 3 GPS-200 foam generators under the front bumper to create a foam strip.
Serial production of AA-40 (131) -139 continued until 1987, when it was replaced by a fire truck AA-40 (43101) -189 on the KamAZ-43101 chassis.
Specifications
| Dimensions, mm: lengthwidthheight | 725024402855 |
| Base, mm | 3350+1250 |
| Track, mm | 1820 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 330/355 |
| Turning radius, m | 10,2 |
| Weight with full load, kg | 11000 |
| Engine: type number of cylinders working volume, cm2 compression ratio power, hp | ZIL-131859966,5150 |
| Number of gears | 5×2 |
| Wheel formula | 6×6 |
| Tire size | 12.00-20″ |
| Fuel reserve, l | 150 |
| Maximum speed, km/h | 80 |
| Stock of extinguishing liquid, m3 | 2,1 |
| Pump capacity, l/s | 40 |
| Combat crew, pers. | 7 |
| Average fuel consumption for pump drive, l/h | 23 |
Literature
- Govoruha A. Red uniform of the "one hundred and thirty first" // Automotive modeling. - 2003. - No. 1. — P. 9-13.
- Fire engineering / Ed. M.D. Bezborodko. - Ed. 2nd, revised. and additional — M.: VPITSh, 1989. — S. 138-145.
- Timiryazev O. AA-40(131) mod. 139 (USSR) // Stock exchange plus auto. - 2003. - May 23.
- Yakovenko Yu.F. Modern fire trucks. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1988. - S. 249-254.
