The Lane Keeping Assist System (other names are Lane Keeping Assist, Lane Keeping Assist) helps the driver to stay in the selected lane and thereby prevent accidents. The system is effective when driving on motorways and equipped federal roads, i.e. where there is good quality road markings.
There are two types of lane control systems: passive and active. The passive system warns the driver about deviation from the selected lane. The active system, along with the warning, corrects the trajectory of the movement.
Different car manufacturers have their own lane keeping system. trade names, but the proposed systems have basically a similar design:
lane assist from Audi, Volkswagen, SEAT;
Lane Departure Warning System from BMW, Citroen, Kia, Ceneral Motors, Opel, Volvo;
Lane Departure Prevention by Infiniti;
Lane Keep Assist System from Honda, Fiat;
Lane Keeping Aid by Ford;
Lane Keeping Assist from Mercedes-Benz;
Lane Keeping Support System from Nissan;
Lane Monitoring System from Toyota.
The lane keeping assist system is electronic system and includes a control key, a video camera, a control unit and executive mechanisms. The control key is used to turn on the system. The key may be located on the turn signal lever, instrument panel or center console.
The video camera records an image at a certain distance from the vehicle and digitizes it. The system uses a monochrome camera that recognizes lane markings as a sudden change in grayscale. The camera is integrated with the control unit. The united block is located on windshield behind the rearview mirror.
The actuating devices of the lane keeping assistance system are a warning lamp, sound signal, vibration motor on the steering wheel, a heating element windshield, electromechanical power steering motor.
Information about the operation of the system is displayed on the instrument panel in the form control lamp. The driver is warned by vibration of the steering wheel, as well as visual sound and light signals. Vibration is generated by a vibration motor built into the steering wheel.
The heating element is located on the windshield, automatically turns on if necessary, eliminates fogging and icing of the camera window.
Correction of the trajectory of movement is carried out by forced steering of the steering system using an electromechanical power steering (most systems) or by braking the wheels on one side of the vehicle (Lane Departure Prevention system).
During the operation of the active lane keeping assistance system, the following main functions are implemented:
1) lane trajectory recognition;
2) visual information about the operation of the system;
3) correction of the trajectory of movement;
4) warning the driver.
The situation in front of the car is projected onto the photosensitive matrix of the camera and converted into a black and white image, which is analyzed electronic unit management.
The operation algorithm of the control unit determines the position of the lane marking lines, evaluates the quality of the marking recognition, calculates the width of the lane and its curvature, and calculates the position of the car on the lane. Based on the calculations carried out, a control action is carried out on steering (brake system), and if the desired effect of keeping the car on the lane is not achieved, the driver is warned (steering wheel vibration, sound and light signals).
It should be noted that the amount of torque applied to the steering mechanism (braking force on two wheels on one side of the car) is small and can be overcome by the driver at any time.
When deliberately changing lanes from one lane to another, the turn signal must be turned on, otherwise the system will interfere with the maneuver. At adverse conditions(absence of one line or all markings, polluted or snowy road surface, narrow lane movement, non-standard markings on repaired areas, small radius turns) the system is deactivated.
There are three modes of operation of the lane keeping assist system:
1. the system is turned on and activated (active mode);
2. the system is on and off (passive mode);
3.system is off.
BMW does not consider driving intervention mandatory. On the verge emergency the steering wheel of the Munich flagship vibrates slightly. Fortunately, this electronic assistant in BMW works impressively reliably. When the "seven" recognizes the markings, a slight vibration is heard on the steering wheel - you can be sure that the car is following the road.
Figure 3.22 - BMW Lane Tracking System
Cross-traffic warning is given in advance, so the driver has enough time to react. Even at steep interchanges, the system does not lose vigilance and controls the markings. In our BMW hands The 740d made a minimum of errors, even recognizing heavily worn lines and an unmarked border between asphalt and lawn on the side of the road. Mistakes were made on the road passing through the forest - there the car was confused by colorful shadows. Temporary markings also did not succumb to BMW electronics. In BMW, tracking is active at speeds over 70 km/h, so in areas repair work she is dozing.
C-class drivers are forced to steer on their own. Although here, just like in Audi and VW, electric amplifier steering, he is not trained to interfere with the management. But Mercedes is still trying to correct the course and does it in its own way.
Figure 3.23 – Mersedes Lane Tracking System
At speeds over 60 km/h, the machine recognizes the marking and, if it is crossed unauthorized, creates a short brake impulse to change course. On gentle trajectories, such intervention is quite effective. But if the car approaches the markings at a steep angle, biting on the brakes won't help. But the C-class will notify the driver with a vibration on the steering wheel. At all, Mercedes system reacts to solid marking lines, and ignores broken ones. She also does not favor yellow markings and does not pay attention to the curb.
The camera is installed in front of the rear view mirror. She readily recognizes bold marking lines and gives a signal to apply the brakes.
No. 2157326 Steering vehicle
CLAIM
Steering control of a vehicle with a variable gear ratio, consisting of a steering wheel, a gearbox, driveline with the possibility of changing the angles between the telescopic cardan shafts, multiplier, steering mechanism and drive, characterized in that the body of the telescopic cardan shaft connected to the fixed element of the steering wheel by means of a toothed plate and a toothed sector having a position lock.
Figure 3.24 - Steering diagram
The invention relates to transport engineering, in particular to the steering of vehicles.
Known steering, consisting of a steering wheel, gearbox, cardan transmission with the ability to change the angles between the telescopic cardan shafts, multiplier, steering gear and drive.
The disadvantage of the known steering is the difficulty of adjusting the angles between the telescopic cardan shafts to change the gear ratio.
The invention is aimed at simplifying the process of regulating the nature of the change in the steering gear ratio.
The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that the body of the telescopic cardan shaft is connected to the fixed element of the steering wheel fastening by means of a toothed plate and a toothed sector having a position lock.
The steering consists of a steering wheel 1, a gearbox 2, a cardan transmission 3, 4, 5, 6, a multiplier 7, a steering mechanism 8 and a drive 9. The body of the telescopic cardan shaft 3 is connected to the fixed element of the steering wheel 1 by means of a gear plate 10 and a gear sector 11 having a position lock 12.
The claimed steering works as follows. If it is necessary to change the steering gear ratio, which depends on the angle of inclination between the telescopic cardan shafts, sector 11 should be released from lock 12 and moved to the desired position.
As a result of the application of the proposed steering, the process of regulating the nature of the change in the steering gear ratio is simplified.
No. 2139200 Amphibious steering
CLAIM
The steering of the vehicle, consisting of a steering column, a steering mechanism, a bipod, a longitudinal link, a two-arm lever, a transverse link, a rocker arm and a pivot lever, characterized in that the axis of movement of the transverse link coincides with the axis of rotation of the suspension arm, which is hollow at the point of attachment to board.
Figure 3.25 - Amphibious steering scheme
The invention relates to transport engineering, in particular to the steering of vehicles for moving on land and water.
Known steering of the vehicle, containing steering column, steering mechanism, steering gear. The steering gear consists of a bipod, a longitudinal rod, a two-arm lever, a transverse rod, a rocker arm and a rotary lever (Kruglov S.M. Device, Maintenance and repair cars: practical guide, 3rd ed., revised. and additional -M.: Higher school, 1991, -351 p.: ill. Rice. 82, p. 138 and fig. 83 p. 142).
The disadvantage of the known steering is the inability to lift steered wheels to move through the water and return them to their original position without changing the angles of their installation.
The invention is aimed at eliminating labor costs for adjusting the angles of the steered wheels after changing their position when moving through the water.
The solution of the problem is achieved by the fact that the transverse Tie Rod installed inside the hollow axis upper arm pendants. Moreover, the axis of movement of the transverse rod and the axis of swing of the suspension arm are the same.
The inventive steering with the ability to change the position of the steered wheels without the subsequent need to adjust their installation differs from the prototype in that the tie rod passes inside the upper suspension arm, which is made hollow for this. Since the axis of the transverse movement of the steering rod coincides with the axis of swing of the suspension arm, there is no violation of the adjustment of the installation of the steered wheels when changing their position in the vertical plane.
The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the steering of the vehicle for movement on land and water.
The steering of the vehicle consists of a steering column 1, a steering mechanism 2, a bipod 3, a longitudinal link 4, a two-arm lever 5, a transverse link 6 passing inside the axis of the suspension arm 9, a rocker arm 7 and a pivot arm 8. Moreover, the rocker arm 7 has an intermediate support on suspension arm 9.
The inventive steering of the vehicle to move on land and water works as follows. When moving the amphibian on land, the driver's force from the steering column 1 is transmitted to the steering mechanism 2. The bipod 3, making a rotational movement, moves the longitudinal rod 4 and the two-arm lever 5. Further, the force through the transverse rod 6, installed inside the axis of the suspension arm 9, is transmitted to the rocker 7 and a swivel lever 8, which ensures the rotation of the steered wheels in the longitudinal plane. When moving through the water, the steered wheels rise in top position along a trajectory corresponding to the trajectory of movement, which is described by the suspension arm 9 and the rocker arm 7 and the pivot arm 8 connected to it. Thus, located inside the axis of the suspension arm lateral thrust allows you to change the position of the steered wheels for movement on land and water without disassembling the steering gear and subsequent adjustment.
As a result of the application of the proposed steering, it is possible to change the position of the steered wheels for the movement of the vehicle on land and water without disassembly and subsequent adjustment.
No. 2370398 Electric power steering with wave gear, active steering with cycloidal variator
CLAIM
Active steering, characterized in that as a gearbox transmitting rotation from the control to the wheels, a cycloidal gearbox is used, the intermediate body of rotation of which is installed on the shaft of the control external drive, which has the ability to rotate and fix, and the gears of the steps installed with the possibility of free rotation on this shaft, are connected to the input and output shafts of the steering, and the control external drive rotates the shaft with a variable frequency according to the signals of the control unit, depending on the vehicle speed, the angle of rotation of the control body and the speed of its rotation, while changing the gear ratio of the gearbox in a wide range.
Figure 3.26 - The drawing shows in section (top view) a cycloidal variator assembly with a steering shaft
The invention relates to the field of automotive industry.
A power steering is known, containing as a gearbox transmitting rotation from the electric motor to the steering column shaft, a worm gear (magazine "Behind the wheel", No. 10, 2000, "In the bowels of the EUR" A. Budkin, and also http: // zr.ru/articles/40870). Its disadvantage is the complexity of manufacturing a three-way involute worm, a constant gear ratio, and insufficient feedback.
The closest analogue of the proposed device is active steering BMW cars(Active Steering), having as a gearbox planetary reductor, the carrier of which is moved by an electric motor through a worm gear, by regulating the speed of which the control of the gear ratio of the gearbox is achieved (magazine "Behind the wheel", No. 10, 2002, "On the way to the joystick" A. Fomin, as well as http://zr.ru/articles /41034). Its disadvantage is the presence of a worm gear, the complexity of manufacturing technology, the need to use a powerful high-torque electric motor.
The aim of the invention is to increase the ability to control the gear ratio in a wide range, steering resource and improve its technical characteristics.
This goal is achieved by the fact that as a gearbox that transmits rotation from the control to the wheels, a cycloidal gearbox is used, the intermediate body of rotation of which is installed on the shaft of the control external drive, which has the ability to rotate and fix, and the gears of the steps mounted with the possibility of free rotation on this shaft, connected to the input and output shafts of the steering, and when activated, the control external drive rotates the shaft with a variable frequency according to the signals of the control unit depending on the speed of the vehicle, the angle of rotation of the control body and the speed of its rotation, while changing the gear ratio of the gearbox in a wide range. In a simplified version, a wave transmission (reducer) can be used, containing a wave generator on the motor shaft, a flexible wheel fixedly fixed in the housing, a rigid wheel connected to the steering shaft, and the electric motor rotates the shaft according to the signals of the control unit, depending on the angle of rotation of the body control and the speed of its rotation, while there is an increase in the moment of rotation from the control to the steered wheels.
STEERING CONTROL WITH CYCLODAL VARIATOR contains housing 1, in which input shaft 2 of steering with gear 3 and output shaft 4 with gear 5, external drive shaft 6, driven gear 7 connected with gear 3 are installed with the possibility of rotation input shaft steering, installed with the possibility of free rotation on the shaft 6 of the external drive and made integral with the internal gear 8, having as a generatrix a closed hypocyclic surface, an intermediate body of rotation mounted on an eccentric 9, rigidly connected to the shaft 6 of the external drive, consisting of a wheel 10 of the first stage and the satellite 11 of the second stage, which has as a closed hypocyclic surface generating a sun wheel 12 of the second stage with an integrated drive gear 13 connected to the gear 5 of the steering output shaft and mounted with the possibility of free rotation on the shaft 6 of the external drive.
ELECTRIC POWER STEERING WITH WAVE REDUCER contains a housing in which a motor shaft and a rigid wave transmission wheel connected to the steering shaft are installed with the possibility of rotation, a wave generator on the electric motor shaft, a flexible wheel fixedly fixed in the housing, the rigid wheel is connected to the steering shaft .
Active steering with a cycloidal variator (hereinafter CV) works as follows. In the absence of torque on the shaft 6 of the control drive and its rigid fixation, the CV works as a gearbox with a constant gear ratio, for example, 1:18 (this ratio is set using a standard steering mechanism, for example, rack and pinion, taking into account the gear ratio of the cycloidal gearbox itself). In this case, to turn the steering wheels by 60°, it is necessary to rotate the control by 1080° or three revolutions. Thus, in the absence of voltage in onboard network the car is controlled according to the traditional scheme with the absence of an amplifier, but with the presence of a mechanical connection between the control and the wheels.
To implement the function of changing the gear ratio, it is necessary to rotate the shaft 6 of the external control drive with the intermediate body of rotation installed on it, and due to the cycloidal gearing, the gear ratio of the gearbox can reach significant values (1:50 or more), which helps to expand the range of gear ratio control of the entire mechanism compared to a worm gear. Wheel 10 of the first stage, rolling on the surface of the inner gear 8, and satellite 11, moving inside the sun wheel 12, depending on whether the direction of rotation of the shaft 6 coincides with the direction of rotation of the gear 7 or opposite to it, accelerates or slows down the rotation of the gear 11 relative to the gear 7 , moreover, the activated control drive rotates the shaft with a variable frequency according to the signals of the control unit, depending on the vehicle speed, the angle of rotation of the control body and the speed of its rotation, while the gear ratio of the gearbox changes in a wide range.
It is also possible to reattach the input and output steering shafts, in which the gear ratio of the CV becomes less than one.
Serial connection of two or more CVs with a common control drive allows you to change the total gear ratio proportionally gear ratio one link to the extent equal to the number of links, which reduces the required range of change in the number of revolutions of the control drive.
As an option, it is possible to manufacture a gearbox, in which the gear 3 of the input shaft 2 is connected to the sun wheel of the first stage, the gear 5 of the output shaft 4 is connected to the sun wheel of the second stage, and the intermediate body of rotation is made in the form of a double satellite.
An electric motor can be used as a control external drive of the shaft 6.
Electric power steering with wave gear operates as follows. When the control is rotated at a certain angle, the signal from the torsion sensor enters the control unit, which gives a command to rotate the motor shaft, which rotates the shaft according to the control unit signals, depending on the angle of rotation of the control and the speed of its rotation. The wave generator transmits rotation through the fixed flexible wheel to the rigid wheel and then to the steering shaft, while the torque from the control to the steered wheels is increased. With a wide range of wave gear options for gear selection, steering customization options are also increased, and the compact size compared to a worm gear makes it easier to integrate the mechanism into the steering.
The advantage of the invention lies in high efficiency and load capacity of the cycloidal gear, reducing the wear of rubbing parts due to the multi-pair engagement, a wide range gear ratios and regulation, ease of manufacture. The longitudinal (parallel to the steering shaft) arrangement of the control drive shaft (electric motor) provides, in some cases, an advantage in the steering layout compared to a transversely located worm gear.
Lane Keeping Assist System, also called Lane Keeping Assist or Lane Keeping Assist. Designed to keep the car on the lane marked with markings, which increases traffic safety.
Lane Keeping Assist
Works well on highways equipped with high quality markings. But, due to the peculiarities of the arrangement Russian roads(lack of markings) for many car models officially sold in our country, this option is not provided.
There are active and passive systems assistance to traffic on the lane.
- Passive systems give a signal to the driver if the car leaves the lane.
- The active system not only alerts the driver, but also acts on the steering to bring the vehicle back into lane.
Lane assist systems made by different manufacturers are called differently:
- Lane Assist for Audi and Volkswagen;
- Lane Keeping Assist at Mercedes-Benz;
- Lane Keep Assist System for Honda and Fiat;
- Lane Departure Warning System for BMW, Citroen, Kia, Ceneral Motors, Opel and Volvo;
- Lane Departure Prevention at Infiniti;
- Lane Monitoring System from Toyota;
- Lane Keeping Support System at Nissan.
How does it all work?
The camera sends an image of the road to the electronic control unit. The one that processes the information, finds the lane markings, calculates the width of the lane, the amount of its rounding in the turn, calculates the position of the car on the lane. When there is a threat of the car leaving the lane, it sends control impulses to the actuators (beep, flashing LED, vibration motor in the steering wheel, booster motor).
The system is forced to turn on. At the same time, the indicator light on the instrument panel lights up. The video camera of the system is black and white, since only the brightness of the image is important for the control unit, by which it finds the marking stripes. The camera is located in the cabin behind .
The driver is warned about lane departure by steering wheel vibration, buzzer and LED flashing. Besides, active system Lane Keeping Assist by acting on the power steering motor, the vehicle returns to the lane.
Active Lane Keeping Assist steers the car back into its lane
The heating element located on the windshield is turned on at the command of the control unit when the glass is fogged up. When changing lanes, the driver must turn on the turn signal, otherwise the system will counteract.
The system can be in three states:
- turned off;
- active mode;
- passive mode.
1. When the system is turned off, it does not affect driving.
2. In the active state, it gives signals to the driver and intervenes in the process of driving.
3. The system switches to passive (standby) mode if there are no marking lines, the road is snowy or dirty.
Video:
It is a pity that this option is not available in our country! Maybe someday we will have great roads!
This system detects the lane using a sensor on the windshield and warns the driver when leaving the lane.
LDWS does not force the vehicle to change lanes. follow road conditions- the responsibility of the driver.
Do not turn the steering wheel abruptly when the LDWS is warning you of a lane departure.
If the sensor does not detect a lane, or if the vehicle speed is less than 60 km/h, the LDWS will not alert even if the vehicle is out of the lane.
If the windshield is tinted or has other types of coatings or coatings, the LDWS may not work properly.
Do not allow water or any other type of liquid to come into contact with the LDWS.
Do not remove parts LDW systems S and avoid strong impacts on the sensor.
Do not place objects that reflect light on dashboard.
Always keep an eye on road conditions because warning signal may not be heard due to the audio system or ambient conditions.
To turn on the LDWS system, press the button with the ignition on. The indicator on the instrument cluster lights up. To disable the LDWS, press the button again.
If you select this symbol, the LCD will display LDWS mode.
■ When the sensor detects a separation line
■ When the sensor does not detect the separation line
If the vehicle leaves the lane while the LDWS is on and the speed exceeds 60 km/h, the warning works as follows:
1. Visual warning
If the car leaves the lane, the corresponding dividing line flashes on the LCD screen yellow with an interval of 0.8 seconds.
2. Sound warning
If the vehicle leaves the lane, an audible warning will sound at 0.8 second intervals.
The color of the symbol will change depending on the status of the lane departure warning system.
White color: Indicates that the sensor does not register a separation line.
Green color: Indicates that the sensor is registering a separation line.
warning indicator
If the yellow LDWS FAIL indicator (Lane Departure Warning System Malfunction) is illuminated, the system is not working properly. We recommend that you have the system checked by an authorized Kia dealer.
The LDWS system does not function in the following situations:
The driver turns on the turn signal to change lanes.
When the lights are flashing alarm, LDWS is working fine.
Movement along the dividing line.
To change lanes, turn on your turn signal, then change lanes.
The LDWS may not sound the warning even if the vehicle leaves the lane, or it may sound the warning even if the vehicle does not leave the lane, the following cases:
Lane markings are not visible due to snow, rain, stains, mud, or other causes.
External lighting changes drastically.
Headlights are not switched on at night or in a tunnel.
It is difficult to distinguish the color of the lane from the color of the road.
Driving on a steep slope or curve.
Light reflects off the water on the road.
Windshield contaminated with foreign matter.
The sensor cannot determine the lane due to fog, heavy rain or snow.
Heat around interior mirror rear view due to exposure to direct sunlight.
Too wide or narrow lane.
The dividing strip is damaged or not visible.
Shadow on the dividing line.
There is a mark on the road that looks like a dividing strip.
There is a boundary structure.
The distance to the vehicle in front is too short or the vehicle in front is blocking the lane marking.
The car is shaking a lot.
The number of traffic lanes increases or decreases, or the median lanes have a complex intersection.
There are foreign objects on the dashboard.
Movement against the sun.
Movement under buildings.
More than two marking lines on any side (left / right).
Modern technologies of autonomous and semi-autonomous car control interface are preparing to conquer the attention and wallets of potential buyers, but so far most of the successful implementation of such ideas into reality is only at the stage of preparation and cannot be afforded by the average layman. However, the market can already offer successful examples of the use of technologies that provide additional driving comfort. Not so long ago, we published a detailed article about. Now it's time to talk about another popular technology, namely the lane control system. What is a lane control system? Why is she needed? And most importantly: is it worth thinking about buying a car with a system of this type?
What is LDWS
Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS)- This is a technology that warns that an imminent departure from the lane of the car is possible. The technology is applied in areas like highways, autobahns or freeways. First of all, the control technology allows you to keep to the selected section of the road, eliminating the possibility of an unauthorized exit from the road. In fact, this is of great importance for today's realities: increasingly, the main causes of car accidents is the temporary detachment of drivers from controlling the situation behind the road (sleeping at the wheel, overwork, health problems).
Formerly exclusive to high-end and premium sedans the system slowly migrated to the camp of budget and family types of cars, offering its functionality to almost any car owner.
The principle of operation of the lane control system
There are several types running systems lane control, which are applied when creating modern cars. However, the functional essence remains unchanged - not to allow the exit from the given path.
The path trajectory is set using sensors placed in the area front bumper(inside the grille) or inside the car (next to the rear-view mirror). The computer marks the conditional markings on the road ahead of the car, calculates the position of the car in real time and using pre-recorded algorithms and program code controls the movement of the car on the right course.
If the exit maneuver is not planned by the driver himself (the lane control system responds to the turn signal), the computer will intentionally warn the driver of the vehicle that a detour from the set route is possible. The notification may look completely different, depending on the type of LDWS used (for example, a loud horn may sound, or the steering wheel may vibrate).
Recent developments in this area provide the system with control over maneuvers of particular complexity (for example, emergency braking). Usually such systems are included in the so-called "autopilot". By the way, in latest models Cadillac uses data processing on navigation maps, and the system knows in advance about all the turns and necessary maneuvers on a given route.
Types of sensors and strip control systems
On this moment There are 2 types of technologies:
- lane departure warning system(Lane Departure System "LDS"), which issues notifications of unauthorized attempts to change the set course;
- lane keeping system(Lane Keeping System "LKS"), which is authorized to perform maneuvers and actions independent of the driver to keep the car on the lane if it does not respond to external warning signals.
In addition, the presence of a lane control system also implies the location of reading sensors in the vehicle structure that process incoming information in real time. Depending on the functionality, there are the following types of sensors:
- video sensor, the principle of their operation is very similar to DVRs, and they are located mainly in the central area on the windshield;
- laser sensors, are located in the body of the car, usually in the grille or bumper. With the help of clear algorithms, it projects lines onto a given route and follows it;
- infrared sensors, are similar in functionality to laser ones, but have a different type of data processing. show excellent results at night time. Placed in the bottom of the car.
Advantages and disadvantages of LDW
As mentioned earlier, the LDW system can become indispensable assistant and the "guardian angel" of many car owners. No one is safe from situations that may arise while driving, especially since participants traffic on the roads is now increasing every day. It takes only a few seconds for the situation to go from “normal” to “emergency”, and just these seconds are decisive.
However, it should be borne in mind that an incorrectly configured detection system can be too intrusive and react even to the slightest bumps in the car associated with road roughness. Excessive reminder can cause the very distraction of the driver, about which so much has been said in this article.
In addition, some road detection sensors do not respond well to worn out incorrect road markings, and snowy road is the cause of many malfunctions and malfunctions of the LDW system. In such situations, it is better to turn off the technology until it is more rationally used.
To prevent emergencies a Lane Assist driver assistance system has been created to help the driver keep moving in the right direction. The device functions effectively only when the vehicle is moving along pavement with high quality stripes.
- At different manufacturers The system has its own characteristics and differs in the name. For Volkswagen, SEAT and Audi lines - Lane Assist. Honda and Fiat - Lane Keep Assist System, Mercedes - Lane Keeping Assist, Toyota - Lane Monitoring System, Ford - Lane Keeping Aid, Nissan - Lane Keeping Support System, Volvo, Opel, Kia, Citroen and BMW - Lane Departure Warning System.
The system assists the driver in two ways: passive and active. The first method is aimed at warning the driver if he starts to deviate from his chosen lane. The second one is active together with the first one and automatically corrects the direction of movement.
Lane assist system design electronic mode independently affects the control button, which includes the system itself, the video camera, the mechanisms that execute the command and the control unit. The control button can be located on the turn signal switch handle, on the center console, or directly on the vehicle's instrument panel.
The camcorder is designed to record images in the area of vehicle movement, and also digitizes data. It is connected to the combined block, which is fixed on front glass behind the outside rearview mirror. Devices that are involved in the entire executive system Lane driving aids are the vibration signal on the steering wheel, the power steering motor, the horn and the control light.
Data on the functioning of the system is sent to the dashboard, where they are controlled by a light bulb. The driver receives a warning signal from the steering wheel, which begins to vibrate after the vibration is generated by the electric motor mounted in the steering wheel. In addition, the warning is accompanied by a sound and light signal.
To eliminate fogging and ice formation on the camera screen in automatic mode the heating element located on the windshield is activated.
The direction of movement is adjusted by force by adjusting the operation of the steering with the help of a power steering, or by one-sided braking of the wheels.
An active system during its functioning solves four main tasks:
- Determining the direction of the lane line.
- Notification of the operation of the system by lighting up the light bulb.
- Adjustment of the direction of movement.
- Gives a warning signal to the driver.
The situation in front of the car is perceived by the light-sensitive camera grid, where it is converted into a black and white image, which is then processed by the electronic control unit.
The purpose of the control unit is to determine the location and recognition of the marking strip, its quality, width and curvature, to calculate the location of the car on the strip. As a result of the calculations, the steering wheel is controlled through the brake system, and if the desired effect of holding the car is not achieved, the driver receives a warning in the form of steering wheel vibration or a light and sound signal.
It must be borne in mind that the torque applied to the steering mechanism through wheel braking is small and can be easily overcome by the driver. We must also not forget that when changing traffic from one lane to another, it is necessary to turn on the direction indicators, otherwise the lane control system will block the maneuver. If for some reason the marking strip is missing, the system does not work.
