What is included in the daily maintenance. Types and frequency of maintenance

09.06.2019

To ensure daily traffic safety, keep the rolling stock clean and refuel vehicles with operational materials, daily maintenance is carried out.

It includes a set of works: control and inspection; cleaning and washing; filling stations. Its labor intensity SW is from 0.3 to 1.8 man-hours for different models rolling stock.

Test papers include visual inspection car, trailer (semi-trailer) and their main mechanisms and units. The serviceability of the cab doors, windows, rear-view mirrors, plumage, license plates, locks on the sides of the platform, hood, trunk lid, etc. is checked. The operation of lighting and signaling devices, windscreen wipers and washers is checked windshield, in the cold season - cab heating and glass heating systems, the correctness and integrity of the sealing of the speedometer (taximeter). For a more objective assessment technical condition units, assemblies, vehicle systems, panel instrumentation, they are checked by a small control run across the territory of the ATP.

Cleaning is used to remove clods of dirt, ice, snow. At the same time, the chassis of the car, the interior of a car and a bus are cleaned, cargo platform- for trucks.

When performing cleaning work, brushes, brooms, scrapers, shovels, shovels, vacuum cleaners, cleaning materials and other auxiliary materials are used. Wings, steps of the car are cleaned with wooden mallets, undercarriage- metal spatulas. bodywork special vehicles periodically subjected to sanitization - about 1 time in 15 ... 30 days.

Dust from the upholstery is removed with a vacuum cleaner. The contaminated upholstery is washed with soapy water using a soft hair brush. Grease and oil stains are removed with chloroform, ether, aviation gasoline, turpentine or acetone applied to a clean rag. As a rule, these works are performed at the first post of the EO line or before washing operations.

Car wash includes: pre-rinsing; washing with special composition and (or) water; final rinse; drying and wiping; application protective coatings; polishing.

Washing is designed to thoroughly remove dirt from the outer parts of the chassis and body. Cars are washed with cold and warm water (t in = 40 ... 50 ° C), steam and sometimes special liquids. In order not to damage the paintwork, the temperature of the surface of the car and the cleaning solution should not differ by more than 10 ... 20 ° C.

Pre-rinsing is necessary to soften the dirt. When washing with a special compound or water, the car is directly cleaned of dirt. The final rinse is necessary to remove any remaining dirty water or special compound from the surface of the vehicle.

Currently, to increase the efficiency of washing, installations with high blood pressure water or brush installations. During blast cleaning, the physical and chemical factor of influence aqueous solutions synthetic detergents (SMC) is supplemented by a mechanical impact of the jet. Under the action of the jet, normal and tangential stresses arise in the pollution, leading to the destruction and erosion of the pollution.

The impact force of the jet is determined

F = m × a, (2.1)

Where m is the mass of water, kg;

A- acceleration, m / s 2.

Because a = v / t, then for the flow we can write

where is the second mass of liquid, kg/s;

v is the flow velocity, m/s.

Because the m = w∙r, That

Where w- living section of the incoming jet (m 2);

r- liquid density (kg / m 3).

If the jet is directed at an angle a to the washed surface, then

. (2.4)

Thus, the impact force depends on the density of the liquid, the shape and type of the nozzle from which the liquid flows, the speed of the outflow and the angle of inclination.

The fluid outflow velocity is determined from the Bernoulli equation

, (2.5)

Where H- water pressure, m;

g\u003d 9.815 m / s 2;

j= 0.475…0.98, depends on the shape of the nozzle.

To increase the efficiency of washing, increase the pressure and strive to a was close to 90°. However, even at high pressures, the fluid flow velocity near the car surface is not large (Fig. 2.1).

1 - water jet; 2 - car surface

Figure 2.1 - Plot of washer fluid velocities

Therefore, synthetic detergents. They reduce the forces of surface tension of water, which ensures its penetration into the micropores of the dirt and the creation of excess pressure in them (Fig. 2.2). The result is a rapid destruction of contaminants. For cars, SMS Progress, ML-72 and others are recommended.

1 - pollution; 2 - washed surface

Figure 2.2 - Scheme of the impact of the cleaning solution on pollution

Water consumption ranges from 100 to 1300 liters per wash, depending on the type of rolling stock and the washing method used. The increase in pressure and the use of SMS helps to reduce water consumption.

After final rinse clean water body is dried. At cars residual water is removed manually using hygroscopic materials: flannel, suede, etc. With mechanized drying, blowing the body with cold or warm air is used.

When polishing, a paint surface is applied protective layer protecting the body from aggressive influence environment. The polishes used for this purpose consist of water repellents, emulsifiers, solvents and water. For old coatings that have lost their gloss by more than 30 ... 50%, polishes are used, in which abrasive materials are additionally introduced.

When carrying out refueling operations, the oil level in the crankcases of the engine and the hydromechanical gearbox is checked and, if necessary, brought to normal. The fluid level in the reservoirs of the hydraulic drive of the brakes and the clutch release mechanism, the coolant in the cooling system, the wiper in the reservoirs of the glass and headlight washers is also checked. When the levels decrease, refueling is carried out with the appropriate liquids.

Before parking the car, condensate is drained from the moisture separator, air cylinders of the pneumatic system. In the cold season, if water is used in the cooling system, it is drained, and before starting the engine, it is filled hot water. Before leaving, the car is filled with fuel.

Additional work is being carried out on buses, including inspection of steps, handrails, glass windows and doors of the passenger compartment, the serviceability of their opening mechanism, the condition and operation of composters, and the serviceability of the loudspeaker device. If there hydromechanical transmission, check and, if necessary, adjust the speed crankshaft engine so that the unbraked bus remains stationary on a horizontal platform with the gear engaged and the fuel control pedal released.

For vehicles running on gas, additional inspection work is carried out on gas fuel equipment, check the condition of their fastening and the ease of starting and the stability of the engine when running on gasoline and gas.

When parking the car, close the supply valves and produce all the gas in the system, drain the sludge from gas reducer and, in the cold season, from the evaporator cavity (for vehicles running on liquefied gas).

Daily maintenance work is carried out on specialized lines, if the daily impact program exceeds 100 vehicles, and on universal posts with smaller daily programs. The posts must be equipped with vacuum cleaners, washing installations, devices for drying and refueling the vehicle with operational materials. The line, as a rule, consists of 3 posts. At the first post, inspection, refueling and cleaning work is carried out. At the second post - external car wash. On the third - wiping, drying and polishing paintwork for cars. Moreover, in order to synchronize the operation of posts, the time spent at the 1st and 3rd posts should be equal to the time for performing an external car wash at the 2nd post, which is determined by throughput mechanized installation, amounting to 10 ... 20 vehicles per hour.

The premises for the performance of SW work must ensure the safe and rational performance of all technological operations in full compliance with sanitary and hygienic working conditions and must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the requirements of the current regulations. normative documents. It is forbidden to use open fire at posts. The ramp, ladders and walkways at the washing stations must have a rough (corrugated) surface. All equipment and tools used in the SW must be in good working order and meet safety requirements. Stationary washing and other equipment must be securely bolted to foundations. Power driven equipment and control panels must be properly grounded or grounded.

Repairmen and rolling stock washers are provided with the means personal protection in accordance with the "Instruction on the procedure for providing workers and employees with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment" (Goskomtruda USSR and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions 24.05.83) and in accordance with the collective agreement at the enterprise.

federal state educational institution higher vocational education

Siberian Federal University

Polytechnical Institute

Department of Transport

By discipline

Introduction to the specialty

Daily car maintenance

Student: A.A. Golovizin

Group: FT 09-01

Teacher:

A.I. Grushevsky

Krasnoyarsk 2009

Plan

Introduction

1. Control work

2. Cleaning and washing work

3. Lubrication, cleaning and filling work

4. Specific maintenance work LPG vehicles

4.1 When the engine is running on LPG

4.2 When the engine is running on compressed gas.

5. Additional work for dump trucks and tractors

6. Specific work on buses

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

During the operation of the car as a result of the impact on it of a number of factors (impact of loads, vibrations, moisture, air currents, abrasive particles when dust and dirt get on the car, temperature effects, etc.), an irreversible deterioration of its technical condition occurs due to wear and damage to its parts, as well as a change in a number of their properties (elasticity, plasticity, etc.).

The change in the technical condition of the car is due to the operation of its components and mechanisms, the impact external conditions and storage of the car, as well as random factors. Random factors include hidden defects in car parts, structural overload, etc.

For prevention and elimination possible problems perform daily vehicle maintenance.

1. Control work

Table 1

Regulations Maintenance car

Designations in the table:

P - check (if necessary, replace / top up / adjust / lubricate);

Z - replacement.

First you need to inspect the car (trailer, semi-trailer), identify external damage and check its completeness, check the condition of the platform cabin doors, windows, rear-view mirrors, sun visors, plumage, license plates, door mechanisms, the locking mechanism of the tilting cab, and platform side locks , hood, trunk lid, tailgate of a dump truck and its locking mechanism of the frame, springs, wheels, tires, fifth wheel (towing) devices, road wheels (semi-trailer), make sure that the trailer hitch is reliable.

The performing part of maintenance operations is performed on demand, based on the results of their control part. These lists are generic; specified for specific models vehicles and their modifications in the second part of the Regulations. Based on the lists of the main operations, measures are developed for the organization and technology of monitoring (diagnosing) the technical condition of the rolling stock, and performing other maintenance work. Maintenance of special vehicle equipment (pumps, refrigeration units, etc.) is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Check the correctness and integrity of the sealing of the speedometer and taximeter, the operation of lighting and light signaling devices, sound signal, windshield wipers, windshield and headlight washers, heating and glass heating systems (in the cold season), ventilation systems. Check external inspection the condition of the power steering, check the play of the steering wheel, the condition of the limiters maximum angles turning the steered wheels.

Check by inspection the tightness of the power steering booster, brake drive and clutch release mechanism, power supply, lubrication and cooling systems, hydraulic system of the dump truck platform lifting mechanism, check the condition and tension of the drive belts.

Check the operation of units, assemblies, systems, speedometer, taximeter and other instrumentation of the car on the move. Stop the engine and listen to the operation of the centrifugal oil filter.

2. Cleaning and washing work

Cleaning work is carried out, as a rule, at the beginning or at the end of the shift.

When cleaning, debris, dust, dirt is removed manually or mechanically. To organize a mechanized method, electric vacuum cleaners and dust extraction units are used.

Cleaning and washing works are carried out before each maintenance and repair. After cleaning, the machine is washed in order to remove from its surface various pollution. The difficulty of removing contaminants depends on their composition.

First, you need to clean the cab (body) and platform.

Secondly, wash and dry the car (trailer, semi-trailer), and necessary cases sanitize it.

And finally, wipe the rear-view mirrors, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, rear lights and brake light, cab windows, and license plates.

The performance of the machine depends on the quality of the wash. It is important to exclude the concentration of dirt and moisture in the metal structures of box-section machines and the ingress of moisture into electrical devices and devices.

3. Lubrication, cleaning and filling work

Refueling operations of vehicles are organized depending on their location. Refueling of vehicles returning to the base daily is carried out at the company's filling stations or filling stations equipped with high-performance automatic dispensers. Refueling of vehicles at the site is carried out by mechanized units mounted on trailers or on mobile vehicles.

Refueling of vehicles should be carried out with the least quantitative and qualitative losses of fuel and lubricants. To eliminate quantitative fuel losses, it is important to have a valve on the tip of filling devices that turns off the fuel supply when the tank is full, as well as the availability of reliable devices for exact definition fuel volume.

Replacement engine oil planned through a certain operating time. However, the intensity of aging largely depends on the technical condition of the engine. Therefore, it is advisable to evaluate the performance of engine oil during the operation of the machine and replace it when the limit state is reached. It is also desirable to replenish the lubrication system with engine oil in a mechanized way with the possibility of controlling the volume being filled. To reduce the loss of lubricants and working fluids, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the filler and control plugs, as well as the serviceability of the air filters.

Before shipment, check the oil level in the crankcases and hydromechanical box gears. For vehicles with a diesel engine, check the oil level in fuel pump high pressure(TNVD) and the engine crankshaft speed controller. Check the fluid level in the hydraulic drive of the brakes and the clutch release mechanism, in the cooling system.

When parking the car, drain the condensate from the water separator, air cylinders of the pneumatic brake actuator, sediment from fuel filters, fuel tank(for vehicles with diesel engines during the cold season). When storing without garages in the cold season, drain the water from the engine cooling system and the starting heater, and before starting the engine, fill the cooling system with hot water or connect the engine to the heating system. Refuel the vehicle. Fill the windshield and headlight washer reservoirs with water.

4. Specific maintenance work for LPG vehicles

4.1 When the engine is running on LPG

Before leaving the car on the line, check by external inspection the fastening of the gas cylinder to the brackets, the condition gas equipment, gas pipelines and tightness of connections throughout gas system. Check the ease of starting and operation of the engine on gas for Idling at different crankshaft speeds. Check and, if necessary, adjust the CO content in the exhaust gases of the engine.

Check the condition, fastening and tightness of the devices petrol system engine power supply.

Lubricate the threads of the stems of the main, filling and expendable valves; remove, clean and reinstall the filter element of the main filter and the strainer of the gas reducer.

Check the internal tightness of the flow valves and the external tightness of the gas fittings. If the gas cylinder fittings are not tight, the car cannot be admitted to the maintenance post (line) until the identified malfunctions are eliminated.

After returning the car to motor transport company visually check the tightness of fittings, gas cylinder and consumable valves. Check for gasoline leaks at the fuel line connections. Clean the outside and, if necessary, wash the fittings of the gas cylinder and the devices of the gas and petrol supply system.

When parking the car, close the supply valves to exhaust all the gas in the system; drain the sediment from the gas reducer, and in the cold season, drain the water from the evaporator cavity (when filling the engine cooling system with water).

4.2 When the engine is running on compressed gas

Before leaving the car on the line, check the fastening by external inspection gas cylinders to the brackets, and the brackets to the longitudinal bars of the platform. Check external inspection of the condition of gas equipment, gas pipelines. Check the condition of fastening of supply and main valves, as well as gas pipelines. Check the condition and fastening of the gas reducers of the high and low pressure, carburetor-mixer, heater and supply gas pipelines.

Lubricate the threads of the stems of the main, filling and expendable valves.

Check the tightness of the gas system compressed air(nitrogen).

Visually check the tightness of the petrol supply system.

Check the operation of the solenoid shut-off valves on gas and petrol.

Check and, if necessary, adjust the CO content in the exhaust gases when the engine is running on gas, and then on gasoline.

Before checking the operation of the engine on gasoline, it is necessary to close the supply valves, develop gas from the power supply system (before the engine stops) and close the main valve.

Open the valves of the front and rear group of cylinders, open the main valve. Check (by ear) the tightness of the gas system connections.

Check the ease of starting and operation of the engine on gas at idle and at different crankshaft speeds. Check the operation of the engine on gasoline

After returning the car to the transport company, clean the cylinder fittings and gas equipment from dust and dirt and wash if necessary. Check the tightness of high-pressure pipelines and gas cylinder connections; tightness of the main and expendable valves of gas cylinders. Check for gasoline leaks in the connecting fuel lines, solenoid filter valve. Close the flow valves of the front and rear group of cylinders and release gas from the system; close the main valve. Drain the sediment from the low pressure gas regulator.

5. Additional work on dump trucks and tractors

Visually check the condition of the subframe, subframe bars and swivel joints of the platform lifting device, fifth wheel and towing device.

Check the condition and tightness of the connections of the oil lines, hoses, the operation of the platform lifting device, the condition of the platform safety stop.

Check the condition of the tailgate and the operation of its locking device.

Visually check the condition and fastening of the power take-off, the covers of the axles of the tipping platform, the connections of the rod and the cylinder of the platform lifting device.

Check the oil level in the reservoir of the platform lift mechanism: top up or replace it if necessary (according to the schedule).

6. Specific work on buses

Visually check the condition of the frame, floor, seat upholstery, window and hatch locks, handrails, brackets.

Check condition, attachment and operation clearance lamps, lamps for lighting the route indicator and route number.

Check the condition of the doors and their opening mechanisms by inspection; check the operation of power windows, door locks, hood, trunk lid; check the condition of the instrument panel, body upholstery (for passenger cars); check the operation of the alarm from the passenger compartment to the driver.

Check serviceability air suspension and operation of body positioners.

Check by inspection the condition of the trusses, side members of the body base.

Check the condition and fastening of composters and storage cash desks, as well as the serviceability of the ticketing mechanism.

Conclusion

Determining the technical condition of the units is especially necessary when a unit or unit has failed. According to certain practically established signs, you can find a mate or a node where the performance is impaired. But this is an extreme case. It is advisable to foresee the moment of failure in advance in order to exclude it.

To maintain rolling stock road transport in a technically sound condition, necessary for normal operation, a preventive maintenance and repair system has been adopted, it also includes daily maintenance (EO), which, by checking and eliminating some technical problems helps to prevent serious (severe) malfunctions.

Bibliography

1. Kruglov S.M. The Car Mechanic's Handbook for Car Maintenance and Repair. High School, 1990 - 239s.

2. Karagodin V.I., Shestopalov S.K. "Mechanic for car repair": Practical guide. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Higher School, 1990. - 239p.

3. " Technical operation cars." Ed. E. S. Kuznetsova. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - Transport, 1991. - 413s.

4. Shestopalov S.K., Shestopalov K.S. "Cars". - M.: Transport, 1995. - 240s.

During the operation of the car, as a result of the impact on it of a number of factors (the impact of loads, vibrations, moisture, air flows, abrasive particles, when dust and dirt get on the car, temperature effects, etc.), an irreversible deterioration of its technical condition occurs, associated with wear and damage to its parts, as well as a change in a number of their properties (elasticity, plasticity, etc.).

The change in the technical condition of the car is due to the operation of its components and mechanisms, the influence of external conditions and storage of the car, as well as random factors. Random factors include hidden defects in car parts, structural overload, etc.

To prevent and eliminate possible problems, carry out daily maintenance of the car.

Daily Maintenance (EO) performed daily before leaving the line and after the return of the car from the line between shifts and includes: inspection and inspection work on mechanisms and systems that ensure traffic safety, as well as the body, cab, lighting devices; cleaning and washing and drying and cleaning operations, refueling the car with fuel, oil, compressed air and coolant. Car wash is carried out on demand, depending on the weather, climatic conditions and sanitary requirements, as well as the requirements for appearance car.

Control work carried out at the SW. First you need to inspect the car (trailer, semi-trailer), identify external damage and check its completeness, check the condition of the doors, cab, platform, windows, rear-view mirrors, sun visors, plumage, license plates, door mechanisms, locking mechanism of the tilting cab, constipation sides of the platform, hood, trunk lid, tailgate of a dump truck, springs, wheels, tires, fifth wheel (towing) devices, track rollers (semi-trailer), make sure the hitch of the trailer is reliable, etc.

The performing part of maintenance operations is performed on demand, based on the results of their control part. These lists are generic; are specified for specific car models and their modifications in the second part of the Regulations. Based on the lists of basic operations, measures are developed for the organization and technology of monitoring (diagnosing) the technical condition of the rolling stock, and performing other maintenance work. Maintenance of special vehicle equipment (pumps, refrigeration units, etc.) is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

In the process of conducting the SW, the following activities must be carried out:

Check the condition of the power steering by external inspection, check the play of the steering wheel, the condition of the limiters for the maximum angles of rotation of the steered wheels;

Check the operation of units, assemblies, systems, speedometer, taximeter and other instrumentation of the car on the move. Stop the engine and listen to the operation of the centrifugal oil filter.

Harvesting and washing work carried out at the SW. Cleaning work is carried out, as a rule, at the beginning or at the end of the shift.

When cleaning, debris, dust, dirt is removed manually or mechanically. To organize a mechanized method, electric vacuum cleaners and dust extraction units are used.

Cleaning and washing works are carried out before each maintenance and repair. After cleaning, the machine is washed in order to remove various contaminants from its surface. The difficulty of removing contaminants depends on their composition.

During the harvesting and washing works the following steps must be taken:

Clean the cab (body) and platform;

Wash and dry the car (trailer, semi-trailer), and, if necessary, sanitize it;

Wipe rear-view mirrors, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, taillights and brake lights, cab windows, and license plates.

The performance of the machine depends on the quality of the wash. It is important to exclude the concentration of dirt and moisture in the metal structures of box section machines and the ingress of moisture into electrical appliances and devices.

Lubrication, cleaning and refueling work carried out at EO. Refueling operations of vehicles are organized depending on their location. Refueling of vehicles returning to the base daily is carried out at the company's filling stations or filling stations equipped with high-performance automatic dispensers. Refueling of vehicles at the site is carried out by mechanized units mounted on trailers or on mobile vehicles.

Refueling of vehicles should be carried out with the least quantitative and qualitative losses of fuel and lubricants. To eliminate quantitative fuel losses, it is important to have a valve on the tip of filling devices that turns off the fuel supply when the tank is full, as well as reliable devices for accurately determining the volume of fuel.

Engine oil change is scheduled after a certain operating time. However, the intensity of aging largely depends on the technical condition of the engine. Therefore, it is advisable to evaluate the performance of engine oil during the operation of the machine and replace it when the limit state is reached. It is also desirable to replenish the lubrication system with engine oil in a mechanized way with the possibility of controlling the volume being filled. To reduce the loss of lubricants and working fluids, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the filler and control plugs, as well as the serviceability of the air filters.

Before sending the car to the line, it is necessary to check the oil level in the crankcases of the engine and hydromechanical gearbox. For vehicles with a diesel engine, check the oil level in the high pressure fuel pump (TNVD) and the engine speed controller. Check the fluid level in the hydraulic drive of the brakes and the clutch release mechanism, in the cooling system.

When parking the car, drain the condensate from the water separator, air cylinders of the pneumatic brake actuator, sediment from the fuel filters, fuel tank (for vehicles with diesel engines in the cold season). When storing without garages in the cold season, drain the water from the engine cooling system and the starting heater, and before starting the engine, fill the cooling system with hot water or connect the engine to the heating system. Refuel the vehicle. Fill the windshield and headlight washer reservoirs with water.

Specific daily maintenance work for LPG vehicles.

When the engine is running on liquefied gas. Before leaving the car on the line, you must:

Check by external inspection the fastening of the gas cylinder to the brackets, the condition of the gas equipment, gas pipelines and the tightness of the connections of the entire gas system;

Check the ease of starting and operation of the engine on gas at idle at different crankshaft speeds;

Check and, if necessary, adjust the CO content in the exhaust gases of the engine;

Check the condition, fastening and tightness of the devices of the gasoline engine power system;

Lubricate the threads of the stems of the main, filling and expendable valves; remove, clean and reinstall the filter element of the main filter and the strainer of the gas reducer;

After returning the car to the transport company, you must:

Visually check the tightness of the fittings, gas cylinder and consumable valves;

Check for gasoline leaks at the fuel line connections. Clean the outside and, if necessary, wash the fittings of the gas cylinder and the devices of the gas and petrol supply system.

When parking the car, it is necessary to close the supply valves to exhaust all the gas in the system; drain the sediment from the gas reducer, and in the cold season, drain the water from the evaporator cavity (when filling the engine cooling system with water).

When the engine is running on compressed gas.

Before leaving the car on the line, you must:

Check by external inspection the fastening of gas cylinders to the brackets, and the brackets to the longitudinal bars of the platform;

Check by external inspection the condition of gas equipment, gas pipelines;

Check the condition and fastening of supply and main valves, as well as gas pipelines;

Check the condition and fastening of high and low pressure gas reducers, carburetor-mixer, heater and gas supply pipelines;

Lubricate the threads of the stems of the main, filling and expendable valves;

Check the tightness of the gas system with compressed air (nitrogen);

Check by inspection the tightness of the gasoline power supply system;

Check the operation of the solenoid shut-off valves on gas and petrol;

Check and, if necessary, adjust the CO content in the exhaust gases when the engine is running on gas, and then on gasoline. Before checking the operation of the engine on gasoline, it is necessary to close the supply valves, develop gas from the power supply system (before the engine stops) and close the main valve. Open the valves of the front and rear group of cylinders, open the main valve. Check (by ear) the tightness of the gas system connections;

Check the ease of starting and operation of the engine on gas at idle and at different crankshaft speeds. Check the operation of the engine on gasoline.

After returning the car to the transport company, it is necessary to clean the cylinder fittings and gas equipment from dust and dirt and, if necessary, wash it. Check the tightness of high-pressure pipelines and gas cylinder connections; tightness of the main and expendable valves of gas cylinders. Check for gasoline leaks in the fuel line connections, the filter solenoid valve. Close the flow valves of the front and rear group of cylinders and release gas from the system; close the main valve. Drain the sediment from the low pressure gas regulator.

Additional work on dump trucks and tractors.

When conducting SW on dump trucks and tractors, along with the main operations, it is necessary to:

Visually check the condition of the subframe, subframe bars and swivel joints of the platform lifting device, fifth wheel and towing devices;

Check the condition and tightness of the connections of oil pipelines, hoses, the operation of the platform lifting device, the condition of the platform safety stop;

Check the condition of the tailgate and the operation of its locking device;

Visually check the condition and fastening of the power take-off, the axle covers of the tipping platform, the connections of the rod and cylinder of the platform lifting device;

Check the oil level in the reservoir of the platform lift mechanism: top up or replace it if necessary (according to the schedule).

Specific work on buses.

When conducting SW on buses, along with the main operations, it is necessary to:

Check by inspection the condition of the frame, floor, seat upholstery, locks of windows and hatches, handrails, brackets;

Check the condition, fastening and operation of marker lights, lamps for lighting the route indicator and route number;

Check the serviceability of the air suspension and the operation of the body position regulators;

Check by inspection the condition of the trusses, spars of the body base;

Check the condition and fastening of composters and storage cash desks, as well as the serviceability of the ticketing mechanism.

Determining the technical condition of the units is especially necessary when a unit or unit has failed. According to individual, practically established signs, one can find a mate or a node where the performance is impaired.

To maintain the rolling stock of road transport in a technically sound condition necessary for normal operation, a planned preventive maintenance and repair system has been adopted, it also includes daily maintenance (EO), which, by checking and eliminating some technical problems, helps to prevent serious (severe) ) malfunctions.

The technical inspection of the car should be carried out daily. Before the trip, it is recommended to check a number of key parameters that directly affect the safety of the trip and reliable operation technology. Not allowed in engine compartment do any work until the engine, radiator, exhaust manifold, muffler or catalytic converter is cool. Before starting maintenance, turn off the engine and let it cool down.

Daily inspection outside the car

Check the pressure in the tires, along the way, make sure that there are no damages of any kind: cuts, cracks, punctures, strong, uneven wear, etc.
Check if the wheel nuts are tight enough.
Check the operation of turn signals, head optics, brake lights, fog lights, interior lighting, etc.
Make sure that there are no leaks of water, oil, fuel, or other liquids.

Daily inspection inside the car

Make sure that the steering wheel rotates freely, without jamming, knocking, extraneous sounds.
Check the operation of the parking brake lever.
Check the operation of the rotary and sound signals, windshield wipers.
Check the operation of instruments and indicators on the dashboard.
Constantly monitor the fuel level in the tank, both before departure and on the way.
Adjust the position of the rear-view mirrors so that the "blind spot" area is as small as possible.
Check the operation of the door and window locking mechanism.
Test whether the brake and clutch pedals are pressed freely, at what height they are and what their performance is.
Inspect the seat belts for damage, whether they are clearly fixed.
If there is any doubt about the suitability of the vehicle for driving, it is necessary to carry out diagnostics in a certified workshop.

Checking the oil level

Daily technical inspection unthinkable without monitoring the oil level in the engine. A drop in the level warns of the possible presence of serious breakdowns of components and assemblies. This is especially true for vehicles with decent mileage.

To do this, you must place the machine on a flat, always horizontal platform. Even a slight slope will distort the true oil level.
Engage the parking brake lever.
If the engine was running before, it must be turned off and wait 6-9 minutes until the oil drains and the units cool down.
Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean. Insert the dipstick into place until it stops.
Again, carefully remove the dipstick and check the oil level. On the dipstick, the engine oil level should be between the lower "Min" and upper "Max" marks. Oil should be added before its level drops below the minimum mark.
If the level is too low, open the oil filler cap located at the top of the cylinder block and add the required amount of oil. By technical regulations The oil level should just barely reach the upper mark.
After six minutes, recheck the oil level.

Adviсe

Regularly check the oil level in the engine, top up with original engine oil if necessary.
Before checking the level, always clean the dipstick with a clean cloth to prevent dirt from entering the engine.
The oil level must not exceed the top mark on the dipstick.
Running the engine with a low oil level can result in engine failure.
If the engine is new, oil consumption during the break-in period may be higher than normal.

Everyone knows that it is necessary to carry out maintenance (TO) vehicle. Consider what is included in the TO. Maintenance is a specific series of activities aimed at maintaining the good condition of the vehicle and at preventing damage and failures. Maintenance is a preventive measure and is carried out as planned. By type and frequency, the following maintenance is distinguished:

daily;

Seasonal.

Daily Maintenance (EO)

The main task of the SW is to secure the operation of transport by monitoring the state of its systems and components and bring its appearance in line. Daily maintenance is carried out immediately before the start of operation or after the end of work. During daily maintenance, the following types of work are performed:

control examination;

Adjustment work;

Filling with fuel, antifreeze, oil, checking for fuel, oil, brake, shock absorber and coolant leaks;

Cleaning work;

Lubrication works;

Fixing work.

From the above, it becomes clear that the concept of "daily maintenance" speaks for itself. But what is TO-1 and TO-2?

Did you know? TO-1 and TO-2 of the vehicle are carried out in accordance with the technical documentation after the established mileage or time interval, depending on the category of operating conditions.

Maintenance-1 (TO-1)

During the first TO-1, all actions performed during daily maintenance, as well as a set of additional measures, but do not remove and disassemble units and mechanisms. With TO-1, the following will be relevant:

broach the most important connections;

Checking the condition of the steering gear, oil seals, wheels, brake pads, spark plugs, etc.;

Adjustment at zero load of the crankshaft speed;

Exhaust gas control.

Important! TO-1 and TO-2 are complementary, not mutually exclusive. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the schedule for the passage of maintenance.

At subsequent TO-1, you should include checking the operation of the battery, the condition of the muffler and suspension mounts, the tightness of the cooling system, cleaning the air and replacing oil filters, headlight adjustment.

Maintenance-2 (TO-2)

During the second maintenance, all types of work are performed, as during the first, but in a larger volume and with partial dismantling of components and mechanisms. The purpose of TO-2 is to identify worn parts, adjustment failures and possible malfunctions.

Did you know? The regulation on maintenance and repair by manufacturers approved the frequency of maintenance-1 and maintenance-2 of cars domestic production. For the first category of operating conditions and temperate climate the period of TO-1, depending on the brand of the vehicle, is in the range from 4000 to 10000 km, TO-2 - from 12000 to 24000.

To identify these deficiencies, more experience than when carrying out TO-1, it is necessary to have a special tool, as well as vehicle diagnostics for special equipment. It might look like this:

Mileage: 10 000; 20 000; 30 000; 40 000; 50 000; 60 000; 70 000; 80 000.

Maintenance type: TO-1; TO-2; TO-1 (extended); TO-2; TO-1; TO-2; TO-1 (extended); TO-2.

Important!The worse the operating conditions of the vehicle, the more often maintenance is carried out.

Seasonal Service (CO)

Due to the transition from winter to summer period and vice versa, carry out seasonal maintenance of transport. At the same time, the cooling system is flushed, the oil and lubricants are changed corresponding to the future season, the fuel supply system is checked and the fuel tank is flushed, and the rubber is changed. Before the start of the cold autumn-winter period, check the work preheater and heating systems. Holding seasonal service can be combined with carrying out TO-2.

By conscientiously performing and observing the maintenance periods, you will be convinced of the trouble-free operation and long term your transportation services.

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