The first question that arises for a person who is interested in electric vehicles is: “How to charge them?”. Tesla Model S is considered the first among them, which is worthy of respect. The answer will be based on it.

The original article and photos were taken from auto.onliner.by

Everyone knows physics within the school curriculum, which means they remember what it is: an ammeter, a voltmeter and kilowatts.

The battery capacity used in electric vehicles is measured in kilowatt-hours. For the model under consideration, this value is 85 kW / h. This means that the battery can theoretically deliver 85 kW per hour or one kilowatt for 85 hours. This is assuming there are no losses. In reality, of course, they are available, since the charging speed is not always the same.

Power, i.e. A watt is voltage (volts) times current (amps). To better understand the difference between voltage and current, we can draw an analogy with water. The current strength can be compared with the diameter of the pipe from which water flows under pressure (voltage). When pumping water through a narrow pipe, but under high pressure, as well as when pumping it through a wide pipe, but under low pressure, you can pump the same volume of this liquid (kilowatt-hour). Only in the second case, the filling process will be quick, and in the first case it will be longer. Continuing to compare further, we get that in order for high voltage reliable insulation is required (in the case of water, a thick pipe wall), and for large size current strength - cross section (pipe diameter).

The most common household euro sockets have the following parameters: current strength -16A or less, and voltage - 220V. If we multiply these two quantities, we get maximum power, equal to 3520W, or almost 3.5 kW.

No less common in production (less often in everyday life) are three-phase sockets. They have the same 220 watts in each phase, giving a phase to phase voltage of 380V. Their current strength, as a rule, is also equal to 16A. Multiplying these three values ​​​​(taking into account the three phases) we get a power of 10.5 kW (220x16x3). Such an outlet in European version has five located in a circle of contacts. Its color is red, which is why it is often called the “red rosette”.

There are also “blue sockets” - single-phase (32A), but they are practically never found in our country.

Another nuance: the battery is charged with a constant current, and an alternating current flows in the network, so it needs to be “straightened”. For this it serves Charger, just like when charging a mobile phone or laptop, digital camera, etc. The only difference is that this charger is installed inside an electric car.

For the Model S model of the basic configuration, it is one, and its power is 11 kW. At the request of the client, the second one is also installed. In this case, the power is doubled. In addition, the car kit includes a Mobile Connector, which resembles a charger in shape, but is actually a “smart” connecting cable.

For the German market, two adapters are provided, which are also included in the kit. One of them allows you to charge an electric car from a regular outlet, the other from a “red” one. For American customers, a set of single-phase sockets is included different power. For "American women" the main limitation is the inability to charge the car from a three-phase outlet.

Mobile Connector

For cars delivered to Europe, a single standard was adopted in 2009, according to which electric vehicles must have a Mennekes Type 2 connector for charging. Today it is used in the BMW i3, Renault Zoe, and now in Model S. Its advantage is that it can work with current, both alternating and direct, with a single- and three-phase network. It is also much safer than traditional connections, since energy transfer can only begin after it is fully connected to the car and an “arrangement has been reached” between the latter and the cable about the type of electric current and the required charging power. In a vehicle designed for American market, a more compact unique connector of its own design will be installed, but it does not allow the use of three-phase current.

First charge - at the car wash!

Having learned all about sockets and cables, you can proceed to the actual charging. The first refueling can be done (at least in Belarus) right at the Peugeot car wash, where there is a “red socket” and understanding of employees.

To do this, the Mobile Connector is inserted into the socket, then the indicator lights up green. At the opposite end of the cable there is a handle with a button, as well as a Type 2 connector. Press this button to driver's side V taillight the door where the connector is connected opens automatically. We insert it - charging has begun, as evidenced by three blinking LEDs in the headlight. In the cabin, on the monitor, you can get information about the current strength (230V in our case). Protection will monitor the network overload: if there is a voltage drop with an increase in power, or if it fluctuates, then the current strength will be automatically limited.

For new wiring, the time to reach 16A is short. Having reached them, battery charging starts at a power of 11 kW. It takes two hours to charge the battery by ¼. It takes 8 hours to fully charge from this outlet.

The illumination is turned off if the car is closed during charging, due to the fact that the Mobile Connector is blocked in the connector. Very good when you do not need to attract attention.

Carrying out tests on the car, after a trip around the city, they checked the charging speed. We did this in the garage using a regular (household) outlet. Mobile Connector suddenly blinked red. And this indicates the absence of grounding, without which there will be no charging. By the way, we have this important factor electricians are not serious, so more often household sockets are “zeroed”, which does not allow charging an electric car. But, even if the outlet is “ok”, the charging time from it is much longer than from the “red” outlet, since its maximum power is only 3 kW. For more than thirty hours, a car cannot be useful, because that is how long it will last. full charge.

As mentioned, one charger is installed in the car, but if you install the second directly at the factory, then you can double the maximum charge power, i.e. up to 22 kW. Additionally, you will need to install a High Power Wall Connector device, similar to the stationary Mobile Connector.

HPWC is the only alternative for Americans, while Europe has another one with a matching cable and Type 2 connector. Unfortunately, a third-party cable does not allow opening in automatic mode charging hatch, and you will have to open it using a mobile and corresponding application or from the central monitor. But there is an opportunity to charge within four hours.

Indeed, the problem is rather the allocation of appropriate power when charging at 22 kW. If there is no opportunity to get 22kW at the parking lot, then there is no point in installing a second charger. It is recommended to purchase a second Mobile Connector in order to use it as a stationary one in the garage

Are electric stations needed in cities?

All experts are unanimous in their opinion that Tesla owners do not need gas stations in the city. Why? Yes, everything is simple: the power reserve of the car is about 350 km (even at minus twenty, this is at least 200 km), i.e. more than enough for a day's run. And at night, the car is put on charge in its own garage (just like we do it with mobile phones). In the morning he has full tank and ready to go. It is desirable, of course, to have a “red” socket at home, so that even in winter period be guaranteed to be fully charged.

If there is no garage or there is still no “red” socket at home, or there is no grounding in the euro socket, you can drive a thousand kilometers in the “parking near the house” mode using the “handy” “red sockets” (at a car wash, in services, etc. .). But, every time after refueling, you will have to clean it from dirt and dust before putting the cable in the trunk. But even more unpleasant is a long idle time waiting for the battery to “fill up”. Of course, you can not fully charge the Model S, since the battery does not have a memory effect. But, it will not recharge if it remains connected to the outlet for a long time. According to the manufacturer's recommendations, it should be kept on charge when not being driven, which is especially important in cold weather. This will allow you to warm up the battery, like the interior of the car, by turning on the climate control remotely. Another plus of this recommendation is that over time, the driver develops own card impromptu "electric refueling", since all the places where the car has ever been refueled are automatically marked on the map.

Another question often worries drivers: “Is it possible to “drop” an extension cord from an apartment?”. Answer: No! It is very dangerous in bad weather, firstly. Secondly, it will be catastrophically long. Therefore, in place permanent parking installing a three-phase outlet is the first necessity. And it's better to take care of it in advance.

To do this, you need a project that needs to be coordinated with the relevant authorities, after which you can start laying the cable (possibly installing an additional electric meter). You can entrust the work to the relevant organizations. But the electric car is worth it, and when you, having become its owner, feel all the delights of innovative transport, you will understand that all the preparatory difficulties were worth it.

Well, the bigger signs on the A-100, calling for refueling electric vehicles here, are only the whims of the owners of the gas station. The staff has no idea how to use it, it turned out in a conversation with employees.

An attempt to contact the authorities, during testing, ended with the phrase that it was intended "for official use!".

Therefore, one can only talk about the A-100 gas station as an incorrect marketing move. But only!

Perfect option– if refueling for everyday driving there is in the city. But for long-distance travel Eastern Europe this is big problem to date. You can still get to Vilnius if you agree with the owners of the “red” outlet about refueling at night. It is impossible to get to Moscow due to the lack of a network of gas stations on the highway. In Europe and the USA, these are easier. It has its own network, called Supercharger, where Tesla can be charged, depending on the version, with a direct current of 90-135 kV and a voltage of 400 V. Stations with a capacity of 150 kW will soon be launched there. Tesla drivers can use them for free and without restrictions. A full charge is carried out on them within twenty minutes.

In the company's ambitious plans, further development Supercharger in these countries, but no information has yet been announced regarding Eastern Europe.

North America: Existing Supercharger network

Gas station construction planned for 2015 in North America

Europe: Supercharger stations

By 2015, plans to develop a network of gas stations in Europe

Another versatile option is the Chademo network - same idea, but not free. With the help of a special conductor, Tesla is refueled, but at a maximum power of 50 kW. Flaw: big size connector, which is less convenient than Type.

For Europe the best option would be the development of stations that allow you to charge the car through the Type 2 connector using D.C.. But, there are no such solutions from third-party organizations yet.

How much does a full charge cost?

The tests carried out indicate that 250 W/h is consumed per kilometer, i.e. 25 kW/h per hundred kilometers. But, keep in mind that the efficiency of the charger is not 100%, and the battery is normal mode"filled" only 90% to be able to use reproductive inhibition and also extend battery life.

It turns out. That in order to charge an 85 kW / h Tesla battery, you need 100 kW / h and 90 kW / h if it is filled by 90%. Considering real stock travel - 300 km, we have 30 kV / h for every hundred kilometers.

At the electricity tariff for ordinary individuals, but taking into account that it will be more than 150 kW (i.e. 917 rubles), we get: in rubles for every hundred kilometers traveled it will cost 27,510 rubles. But, at the same time, you are driving a car with 412 hp under the hood, and acceleration to one hundred kilometers takes 4.4 seconds!

It is also very convenient that you can track the status of the car, control its central lock, know the location, use the climate control system and, most importantly, control the charging progress, using mobile application Android and iOS.

In summary, here are some things to remember:

• For charging from a conventional euro socket, which lasts a day, grounding is necessary.
• For comfortable operation in the parking lot and in the garage, you need a “red2” socket, from which you can fully charge in eight hours.
• When choosing between buying a second charger and Mobile Connector, the second option would be preferable, which can be used as a stationary one.
• Very inconvenient to use Tesla if not permanent place with electrical outlet.
• It is extremely difficult to travel long distances along routes that are not equipped with special gas stations.
• American Model S cannot be charged from a three-phase socket.
• At least three dollars must be paid for the electricity required to cover a hundred kilometers.

Despite all the difficulties so far, an electric car is worth it to buy, because it gives you an unprecedented driving experience!

Tesla cars are getting more and more popular every year. The number of owners of electric vehicles in Russia is also gradually growing. Many people who first hear about this car, interested in the question how to charge a Tesla car in Russia? In fact, charging vehicles is not a novelty for a long time and is quite common in most countries of the world.

Tesla gas stations in Russia

The number of happy Tesla owners is confirmed by statistics: in 2013 there were only 8 cars in Russia, in just 2 years this figure reached 122 registered Teslas. According to unofficial data, the number of cars has long reached 300 copies. On this moment you can meet an electric car on the streets of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Khabarovsk, Perm, Saransk and other cities.

Moscow Tesla Club has been trying to make the life of the owners for several years popular car much more convenient and comfortable. Map of Tesla gas stations in Russia clearly demonstrates successful work club.

But not all regions of our country are ready to accept Tesla. Now projects for high-speed electric refueling ChaDeMo cars are only at the development stage, but there are operating stations in Moscow. Such Tesla gas stations in Russia planned to open in all major centers countries. The Model S and Model X are equipped with free car charging at Supercharger stations. However, owners do not always need a station in every city. Full battery enough for more than 300 km, which allows you to travel without problems. It is only necessary to connect the electric car to the network at night, as, for example, mobile phone. The machines are provided with a map where the places where food was produced are automatically marked.

How to charge Tesla in Russia

The fastest and affordable way charging an electric car for most people is from a home network. Popular questions for motorists: how to charge Tesla in Russia more convenient and how long does it take? Car charging is a little different from the view. The European specification provides for power from three-phase current, which affects the speed of charge, unlike American version. Let's answer each question in detail.

Each Tesla car has a connector where the device is connected. The electric car comes with a special charger (called the Mobile Connector). But in addition, you can buy other equipment - High Power Wall Connector, allowing you to charge the car much faster in your own garage. There is also an adapter that allows you to power through a regular outlet with a voltage of 220V.

When connected to a three-phase red socket, a charge for 100 km lasts about one hour. A full charge of the car takes no more than 8 hours. It takes too much time from a conventional outlet - in 60 minutes you can get less than 20 km. A home outlet requires grounding, without which the electric vehicle will not charge. Otherwise, the power supply may be less than 3 kW, which affects the time. In this case, a full charge will last more than 30 hours.

Tesla charge can be performed at different climatic conditions- from -30 to +45 degrees Celsius, which makes it possible to use an electric car in many regions of Russia.

The first place to charge a car is Tesla charging stations in Russia. The second most common place is own house. Another option for charging is car washes that have three-phase red sockets.

To charge, you only need to plug the equipment into a socket and connect it to an electric vehicle. In order for the door with the connector to open in the machine, press the button located on one side of the cable. After that, a special connector opens in the taillight, where you need to insert the cable. If the equipment is working properly, the indicators near the headlights will turn green.

Don't worry about power surges. Teslas are equipped with a device that monitors voltage. If it is higher than necessary, the current strength is limited. Also, there is no recharging of the batteries - this allows you to charge the car without waiting for a complete discharge. From everything we can conclude: Tesla is developing very quickly, charging an electric car is not a problem for the inhabitants of Russia.

Featured on this page electric car charging card Tesla Supercharger , created by enthusiastic owners from all over the world, who have made a significant contribution to the spread of information about " supercharges» Tesla by creating its own updatable resource that provides interactive information about the current state of the network, the original map of which is .

Tesla electric vehicles charging from the Tesla Supercharger network © tesla.com

Concerning general condition network, then at the moment the map of stations operating and planned for opening is as follows:

Map of fast charging stations in North America

The most extensive Tesla Supercharger network is located in this region, which, however, is not surprising given the origin of the company and the fact that the United States is the main sales region. Tesla electric vehicles.

Map of fast charging stations in Europe

The second largest region of the network, in which the number of stations varies depending on the development of the electric car market of a particular state.

Map of fast charging stations in Asia

Another large region with a developed infrastructure from Tesla, in which China and Japan are leading in the growth of the number of superchargers.

Tesla Supercharger in Ukraine

The company plans to open two outlets with Tesla superchargers in Ukraine. They will be located on the key highway of the country, at such a distance as to cover the path connecting the western border of the state with the capital.

Tesla Supercharger - brief information about the network

Tesla-designed network of charging stations, designed specifically for super fast charging all models of the company. Initially, it was assumed that most Tesla owners would charge their electric cars at home at night, when electricity rates are lower, and the presented network will come in handy if long-distance trips are planned.

Network charging complexes allow you to charge the battery of Tesla electric vehicles in 20 minutes up to 50%, in 40 minutes up to 80% and in 75 minutes up to 100%. For example, at home, charging up to 100% of the battery capacity with a 75-90 kWh battery, with a charger power of 11 kW and a three-phase connection, would take about 8 hours, but from a conventional 3 kW outlet, the process will go even slower and takes 4 times longer.

Today, Tesla owns the largest network of "fast" chargers in the world, even though virtually every one of the company's electric car owners has a claim on a route that is not covered by superchargers. At the same time, it cannot be said that they have the same right to complain as the owners of electric cars of other brands. At this moment Tesla Supercharger network is one of best benefits companies compared to all competitors who make electric vehicles and rely on other networks with their rates also rapidly evolving, but not as optimized for users of specific electric vehicles. Another advantage of the Tesla Supercharger is that the network was not launched as a profitable enterprise, but only as an infrastructure for long-distance travel and funds complementary to the company's automotive business.

Let's start with what is not normal charging for an electric car. TESLA Superchargers are ultra-fast charging stations designed for cars TESLA Model S, as well as the SUV TESLA Model S, which will go on sale in 2015. Perhaps the stations will also charge the budget TESLA 3, which is expected on the market in 2017 at a price of $35,000.

Over the past 2 years throughout TESLA world Motors has already opened 453 such gas stations, with a total of more than 2,500 terminals (dispensers). So how is it different from traditional gas stations for electric cars, which are located everywhere in California?

There are two main differences. It's hard to believe, but charging at the SUPERCHARGER station is absolutely free for the entire life of the TESLA Model S. A few years ago, potential buyers and owners who charged their TESLA at home with chargers asked a reasonable question: how to go to TESLA car on a long trip?

Then the owner and founder of the company announced the start of building a global network of free high-speed gas stations, which will be located along all major highways, at a distance of at least 80% of the charge from each other, and kept his word. Already today on TESLA it is possible to travel across all America.

Second TESLA feature Supercharger is a charging speed that is up to 16 times faster than traditional electric vehicle stations. According to the manufacturer, this cable produces up to 120 kW and supplies current directly to the battery, instead of the traditional charging circuit. Charging the battery to half takes about 20 minutes.

The owner of this car said that he often comes to this shopping mall, who has a TESLA Supercharger in the parking lot, as electricity is provided free of charge and his car is fully charged while he is shopping or drinking coffee.

According to him, a 100% charge can be obtained in less than an hour and a half, while his home charger allows you to fully charge the car in 8 hours, that is, overnight. Note that you cannot buy SUPERCHARGER at home. Only standard portable chargers are intended for the home. Below on dashboard it can be seen that on the current charge the car can already travel about 190 miles (300 km), and there are still 50 minutes left until the end of the process.

TESLA has sold over 70,000 vehicles worldwide so far. It's so much that SUPERCHARGER stations there are always queues. In this regard, the company even began to ask the owners to use the stations only during long trips, and at the usual time to charge cars at home. The largest market is of course the USA (43,000 units), while the largest market outside America is the northern country of Norway, where 7,500 vehicles are already running. In September 2013, TESLA model S even became the best-selling car in this country among all brands in general. This is the first time this has happened to electric vehicles. In 2013, in the US, Tesla sold 18,000 vehicles and outsold all traditional luxury brands: Mercedes S Class (13,303 units), BMW 7 Series (10,932 units), Lexus LS (10,727 units), Audi A8 (6300 units), Porsche Panamera (5421 units).

Against the backdrop of this technology traditional cars look completely archaic. Once, in an interview with The New Yorker magazine, General Motors Vice President Robert Lutz stated: “All the smart people here at General Motors kept saying that you need to wait at least ten years before the perfect lithium-ion battery. And Toyota engineers agreed with us. And then - BAM, out of nowhere came TESLA. And I asked everyone then - why a microscopic Californian start-up, led by guys who don’t know anything about the car business, could do this, and we couldn’t? It was like a crowbar, who helped push through a long-stalled idea."

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In the picture below, an invention that will forever change the world automotive industry, and perhaps the message of the world as a whole. Unique high-speed gas stations, which are very actively built by the Californian TESLA company Motors around the world charge quickly and safely modern cars absolutely for free. Nobody could believe it until yesterday. Today, one such gas station is quietly working close to home. How is it arranged?

02. Let's start with the fact that this is not an ordinary electric car charger. TESLA Supercharger are ultra-fast charging stations that are designed for TESLA Model S cars, as well as the TESLA Model X SUV going on sale in 2015. It is possible that the stations will also charge the budget TESLA 3, which is expected on the market in 2017 at a price of $ 35,000. This gas station is located in the parking lot of a large shopping center, that is, the car is charged at the moment when the owner goes shopping.

03. Over the past 2 years, TESLA Motors has already opened 453 such gas stations around the world, with a total number of terminals (columns) of more than 2500. So what is the difference from traditional gas stations for electric cars, which are located everywhere in California?

04. There are two main differences. It's hard to believe, but charging at the SUPERCHARGER station is absolutely free for the entire life of the TESLA Model S car. long journey?

05. Then, to solve this particular problem, the owner and founder of the company, Elon Musk, announced the start of building a global network of free high-speed gas stations, which will be located along all major highways, at a distance of at least 80% of the charge from each other, and kept his word. Already today on TESLA it is possible to travel across all America. By the way, the maximum range on a single charge for the most expensive version is 410 kilometers. Up to 100 km / h, the car accelerates in 3 seconds. For daily use, it's certainly easier to charge your car at home at night when electricity is much cheaper. Every morning the charge will be full, although for most users it will last for several days.

06. The second feature of the TESLA Supercharger is the charging speed, which is up to 16 times faster than traditional electric vehicle stations and conventional home chargers. According to the manufacturer, this cable produces up to 120 kW and supplies current directly to the battery, instead of the traditional charging circuit.

07. It takes about 20 minutes to fully charge the battery.

08. The owner of this car said that he often comes to this shopping center, in the parking lot of which there is a TESLA Supercharger, since electricity is provided free of charge and his car is fully charged while he is shopping or drinking coffee.

09. According to him, a 100% charge can be obtained in less than an hour and a half, while his home charger allows you to fully charge the car in 8 hours, that is, overnight. Note that you cannot buy SUPERCHARGER at home. Only standard portable chargers are intended for the home. The dashboard below shows that the car can already travel about 190 miles (300 km) on the current charge, and there are still 50 minutes left in the process.

10. TESLA has sold over 70,000 of these premium cars. This is so much that there are always queues at some SUPERCHARGER stations. In this regard, the company even began to ask the owners to use the stations only during long trips (as it was actually intended), and at the usual time to charge the cars at home. The largest sales market is of course the USA (43,000 pieces). In 2013, in the USA, TESLA sold 18 000 cars and significantly bypassed the sales of all luxury classmates (Mercedes S Class ( 13 303 pcs.), BMW 7 Series ( 10 932 pcs.), Lexus LS ( 10 727 pcs.), Audi A8 ( 6300 pcs.), Porsche Panamera ( 5421 pcs.). TO The largest market outside of America is the northern country of Norway, where the TESLA S has generally become the best-selling car in the history of the country, surpassing even the budget Volkswagen Golf in sales.

Against the background of this technology, traditional cars look completely archaic. Once, in an interview with The New Yorker magazine, General Motors Vice President Robert Lutz stated: “All the smart people here at General Motors kept saying that you need to wait at least ten years before the perfect lithium-ion battery. And Toyota engineers agreed with us. And then, "BOOM," out of nowhere, TESLA appeared. And I asked everyone then - why was a microscopic Californian start-up, led by guys who don't know anything about the car business, could do this, and we couldn't? It was like a blow with a crowbar, who helped push through a long-stalled idea."

There is very little left before the release of TESLA 3 worth $35,000. When do you think they will appear in your city? free gas stations SUPERCHARGER? Perhaps they have already arrived? Then share your experience. And in general, buy such a car for $35,000?

UPD (6/07/2015): For the second quarter of 2015, Tesla Motors sold 11,507 Model S sedans, a company record. For the same period a year earlier, the company sold 7579 car model S. That is a 52% increase in sales.

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