When implementing quality tuning. But there are many factors to consider when installing this device. You will have to improve several components of the car at once. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the body, install new brake mechanisms, mounting elements to ensure roll stability car.
Where does tuning start?
If you have purchased a car, especially a used one, the first thing to pay attention to is the condition it is in. In the event that you are well versed in its device, you can completely disassemble it into small screws. Only in this case it is possible to fully consider all the elements of the body and assess their condition. the main problem that most motorists face is the presence of rust. All elements of the body are subject to it, but especially the wings, bottom, sills.
Body problems
On cars of the 8th and 9th VAZ families, the TV is also trouble spot. On domestic cars, especially on the Zhiguli, it is used quite thin metal. Unless, of course, this is not the first six releases. Therefore, if you increase the engine power, high loads will act on the body and the metal will begin to break.
And it doesn't matter if the body is in good or bad condition. Therefore, before tuning, it is necessary to install a new body iron. And all the metal that is in engine compartment, replace with a more durable one. Only after carrying out all the work to improve the body, you can proceed to further improvements.
Which engines are easier to turbo
Even if you are planning to improve the car of the "classic" series, it is better not to be lazy and buy a 16-valve prior engine. Fortunately, now there is no need to arrange the installation of a new engine through the traffic police, since this element is a spare part. The advantage of installing a 16-valve engine is that it is much easier to repair, tuning is also carried out without difficulty. But the most important thing is that it initially has very high power, much higher than on any other Lada car.
Yes, and climb into the design of the engine, adjust the gaps in valve mechanism, you no longer need to adjust the UOP. Please note that carbureted engines cannot be turbocharged, no matter what anyone says. The essence of the operation of the turbine is that it pressurizes the intake manifold and creates a pressure of air that enters the combustion chambers with fuel.
If you put the turbine on carbureted engine then it just stops working. Can fit 8 valves injection motors, but they have much less power, and if you value each horsepower, then this is a significant disadvantage.
What else is required for tuning
Before installing the turbine on the VAZ, you need to decide what total power you want to squeeze out of the engine. If you want to get more than 200 horses, then you need to find a block from Kalina. It is 2.3 mm higher than the standard one. You can use an engine block from a car of the 10th family, but this will significantly reduce power.
Must be installed crankshaft from car Lada Kalina. Diameter crank mechanism he has 75.6 mm. Be sure to use and carve a notch in them, which will allow you to achieve the required degree of compression. It is recommended to contact a competent specialist to make these notches, or to purchase ready-made products in tuning stores.
Turbocharger selection
You can make a turbine at a VAZ with your own hands, but this is a very difficult task, so it’s better to overpay a little and purchase a ready-made unit at least for secondary market. You need to pay attention to the fact that the small turbocharger only works at low and medium speeds.
Once the rotational speed crankshaft increases, the turbine turns off. Large turbochargers, on the contrary, work only at high and medium speeds, while at low they turn off. There are several popular models:
- TD05 manufactured by Mitsubishi. The boost is set to 3 thousand revolutions, it allows you to squeeze out 250-300 liters. With.
- TD04L manufactured by Subaru, boost installed at 3 thousand revolutions, power 200-250 hp. With.
- IHI VF10 this turbocharger is significantly larger than the Subarovsk one, it allows you to squeeze out 250 horses and more.
There are many Chinese turbochargers, they have very poor quality, but the price is acceptable. The price of a turbine for a VAZ in the secondary market fluctuates over a very wide range - from 5,000 rubles to several tens of thousands.
How to make cooling
It is imperative that when improving the car, it is necessary to install new elements in the cooling system. You will need a two-row type copper radiator. It is used on VAZ-2110 cars. It works much better than other radiators.
Try to use a normal sized intercooler. If it is very large, then there will be a turbo lag problem. This is the case when for a long time between opening throttle valve and generating boost pressure. But a very small intercooler will not be able to cool the air normally.
Features of the fuel system when working with a turbine
Even if you set homemade turbine at the VAZ, it is necessary to completely revise the entire fuel system. Required return line and pressure regulator fuel mixture. You can use an external regulator, but it must be connected with a vacuum hose to the receiver installed behind the throttle.
A standard gasoline pump is clearly not suitable, since it has a very poor performance. It is advisable to use a gasoline pump from Volga, Gazelle or Walbro production - it has a capacity of over 255 l / h.
The nozzles that are installed on the engines also need to be removed. Try to use only instances that are designed to work in engines with a power of more than 200 Horse power. A great option is electromagnetic nozzles manufactured by DEKA-630CC. All work can be done independently, but if there is no desire to do this, then any service will provide you with all possible assistance.
Turbine setting
A simple electric turbine at the VAZ will be able to increase power, but only slightly. The use of mechanical turbochargers will be much more efficient. The turbo engine is tuned using a wastegate. Pressure in fuel system will be the greater, the less it is vented into the atmosphere. It is advisable to use special designs of boost controllers to adjust the pressure level.
With this simple device can be set directly from the car interior required pressure. With it, the safety valve installed on the manifold does not release pressure. Therefore, it is gradually increasing.
It is necessary to "reflash" the electronic unit control, as the operating modes of the engine will change significantly. It is advisable to entrust this work to experienced professionals, otherwise wrong job engine will affect not only power, but also the consumption of gasoline and oil. In addition, all engine components can wear out hundreds of times faster than with normal settings.
In order to get the most out of a car, automakers are turning to turbocharged engines, but on the way the new kind a turbocharger that could change the game.
Downsizing a car's engine is one of the key solutions used by automakers to reduce a vehicle's fuel consumption (from Audi). However, in order for a downsized engine to provide high performance, auto companies typically use a turbocharger that is driven by exhaust gases(read more about turbocharging). The classic turbocharging scheme has one acute problem, it leads to a delay in the response of the boost. This phenomenon is commonly known as turbolag. To make it clear, let's explain it easier, you follow to overtake, press the gas pedal to the floor, turbocharging turns on, but the car jerks only after a couple of seconds due to the so-called turbolag.
This slow response has plagued turbocharged cars for years and is a common complaint. Things like twin-scroll turbos or small turbos are often used to combat this lag, but they aren't perfect either. Attempts to curb this shortcoming with the help of the so-called, which we wrote about earlier, also, unfortunately, did not lead to anything, not having passed the tests in practice. Simply put, it is very difficult to make a turbocharged engine with immediate response.
The principle of operation of electric turbocharging 
Everything will remain in place until we start using electrical components. While automakers have explored the pros and cons of all-electric propulsion systems from all angles, they have come to the conclusion that when it comes to electric motors, they respond instantly. Take for example the classic Toyota Prius, you will not find a faster response to acceleration in any car of similar parameters. Of course, electric vehicles are expensive due to the size of their motors and batteries, and they're not exactly practical due to their limited range of motion. But despite this, automakers can use small electric motors and components for their own purposes. One such case is powering a turbocharger, which speeds up a car's engine without relying on exhaust gases.
The electric motor reacts instantly, within 250 milliseconds. Using this mechanism, you can reduce fuel consumption by 10 percent. Since this kind of turbocharger does not use exhaust gases, it is technically just a supercharger. To make the concept clear to consumers this mechanism, it is often referred to as electric turbocharging.
Volkswagen and related car brands are actively investing in this electric turbo technology.
Audi showcases E-Turbo
Recently Audi company presented their latest developments in the world of electric turbocharging with the Clubsport TT Turbo Concept, which provides the owner with 600 horsepower and 479 Nm of torque thanks to a turbocharged 2.5-liter five-cylinder engine. One turbocharger is traditional and is driven exhaust gases, the second turbo works with the electrical unit.
The company created a concept to demonstrate the potential electric turbochargers, thus saying that the technology is ready for use in production cars. The 48-volt electrical subsystem that powers the electric turbo is located in the trunk of the car and revs the engine when needed without making it wait like a traditional turbo.
"Turbocharger with electric drive provides significant benefits,” said an Audi spokesman. “It quickly and evenly increases the speed of the engine to maximum number turnovers without any significant delays.
This principle of operation allows you to design a conventional turbocharger specifically for engines. high power- e-turbo provides instant response and powerful sprint at low engine speeds.
This isn't the first time Audi has shown its interest in electric turbocharging. Last year, the German automaker added electric turbocharging to the 3.0-liter diesel engine V-6 twin-turbo and stuffed all that mixture into the RS5. The result was defiantly fast car in the back of a coupe that picks up speed from 0 to 100 km / h in just 4 seconds. This makes it faster than the regular RS5 and cuts fuel consumption in half.
When should we expect electric turbos in production cars?
For all positive feedback With this technology, Audi is likely to be among the first automakers to use electric turbocharging in production cars, but so far the company has not announced when we will be able to see such cars at official dealers.
For more effective work Your his vehicle, automotive manufacturers often resort to turbocharging systems. But is it positive? new type turbocharger will affect engine performance? To fuel consumption the car has become much smaller, manufacturers often use one key decision- volume reduction power unit. But above all, in order to keep the performance of such engines at a decent level, turbochargers are usually installed, which are controlled by the exhaust and have a delay, which is better known as "turbo lag".
Cars have been subjected to this problem for many years in a row, which was accompanied by constant complaints and dissatisfaction from the owners. It seemed that a panacea was found - the simultaneous installation of two turbines, which minimized the effect of the turbo pit. But this, alas, did not become a key decision.
History of the electric turbine
The electric turbine, after a long development time, is already ready for mass application. The company was the first to announce Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) from Britain. The electric turbocharger, according to them, is already ready for mass production. CPT management has already signed an agreement with Switched Reluctance Drives Limited to develop an OEM module based on this technology base.
Switched Reluctance Drives will take care of serial production electric compressors. British developers, meanwhile, have already succeeded in creating real electric compressors for engines. internal combustion. The CPT turbocharger will be installed on any engine: naturally aspirated, turbocharged diesel or gasoline.
Controlled Power Technologies has been developing the electric turbine for almost eight years, and work on it began at the beginning of the 21st century. The creators of the electric turbine claim that it can operate from the on-board electrical network with a voltage of 12 volts, and its use will save the engine from the turbo lag effect, and also activate the supercharger even in the mode low speed. The peculiarity of this technology is the use of regenerative energy. The back pressure that was previously released through the blow-off bypass valve when the accelerator is released is now directed to spin the flywheel turbine blades to generate power and recharge the battery.
prototype machine with electric turbine developed German company AVL List. The electric supercharger has been adapted to the two-liter gasoline engine with direct fuel injection. Such a power unit, which was installed on the Vokswagen Passat, pollutes the atmosphere very delicately, so to speak, only 159 grams per kilometer, which is as much as 20 percent less than a similar traditional 2.0 TFSI with the same power, and less, than a 170-horsepower turbodiesel with the same volume.
The developers claim that this technology helps automotive manufacturers invest in established environmental regulations which came into force this year. Controlled Power Technologies has created a starter-generator speed start with a belt drive, which is used to operate the Start \ Stop system, which turns off the engine at short stops, which will definitely save money in traffic jams around the city.
But along with researchers from Britain, German developers have created an affordable idea for blowing air at a minimal cost, which has become recognized throughout Europe. Significantly effective way to improve air injection in the engine is a mini-turbine from KAMANN, which is mounted in the intake system. The KAMANN electric turbocharger is a miniature turbine that acts as an electric air injection system installed in engine compartment. This installation of an electric turbine increases the torque of the motor, in turn helping to reduce fuel consumption. This improves exhaust gas quality by reducing carbon dioxide levels and prolonging the life of the catalysts, which improves overall speed characteristics car.
The principle of operation of an electric turbine
The principle of operation of an electric turbine differs from a classic turbocharger only due to the design of the axis that connects the impellers of the classic. When the turbocharger reaches maximum speed, the controller turns on Electrical engine in generator mode. This prevents the engine from exceeding the peak speed. In cases of too rare a decrease in speed, couplings allow the impellers to rotate independently of each other, in turn reducing the load on the bearings.
Pros and cons of an electric turbine
The more power, the less exhaust
Many conventional engines internal combustion engines are equipped with turbines in order to obtain more power and better acceleration. They expend less fuel and consequently pollute the atmosphere with exhaust gases also much less in comparison with similar units without a compressor and a supercharger. All this, of course, makes an excellent impression in theoretical terms, but practice shows different results. High torque is often found only in a narrow range of engine speeds. Often, some turbo diesel engines can be observed bad indicator acceleration, at the moment of changing the position of the accelerator pedal, the motor needs some time to increase power for the necessary acceleration. This phenomenon has already been referred to in this article as the turbo pit.
Savings and fast response
By analyzing the market modern cars, KAMANN claims that by 2020 the proportion of vehicles fitted with electric turbines will be 50-60% of the total number of cars that left the assembly line. They have also developed a device that helps to respond faster to changes in the accelerator pedal and at the same time remain economical. These requirements are very difficult to implement in an engine with conventional system turbocharging. Such a turbo system is effective only within a certain range of engine speeds.
The undeniable advantage of electric turbines is the efficient air injection throughout the entire speed range of the car's engine, even at the time of engine start, because the injected air is already in intake manifold. At the moment of air injection, when the engine starts, the electric turbine instantly responds to pressing the accelerator even at low speed. Even by pumping air at the moment of switching gears, you will continuously receive additional energy in order to move and accelerate.
Turbo supercharger as an addition to the turbo system
Efficient operation of most turbines only starts above 3000 rpm., which means that the torque below this figure no longer increases, which does not give your car dynamism, but the engine power. Therefore, classical turbines are a thing of the past. The installation of an electric turbine allows the engine, already at 1200 rpm immediately after pressing the gas pedal, to receive more clean air without spending the necessary energy. At this point, the nomes jump by 12% compared to the classics!
Power increase equals savings
The main advantage of installing an electric turbine is to give the engine a continuous and much faster acceleration of the car. Kamann Autosport compared cars with gasoline engine volume 1.4 with an installed electric turbine and a similar car but with a volume of 1.6 and without a turbine. The result was as follows: both cars produced approximately the same power and torque at the same fuel consumption. Therefore, these two engines are equally powerful, but the first consumes 10% less fuel! And this means that along with the increased power, fuel consumption will not increase at all!
The electric turbine is deprived of all the shortcomings conventional turbine and is much smaller in size. In addition to the obvious advantages, of course, there are also disadvantages. The electric turbine module, depending on the manufacturer, is quite gluttonous, which requires the installation of additional equipment.
What is turbocharging is known to those who like to cram one part into another, that is, we are with you. More recently, electric versions of the turbine and supercharger have appeared with mechanical drive(or supercharger). What are the electric versions of these compressors and how do they work?
Before we get into the discussion, let's brush up on our knowledge of how turbos and superchargers work. Essentially, both of these devices increase the density air-fuel mixture, which enters the internal combustion engine, where the compression and combustion of the mixture occurs. The higher the density of the air-fuel mixture, the more powerful the piston stroke and engine operation will be, even without increasing the physical volume of the engine cylinders.
That is why small engines turbocharged engines are more powerful than their larger counterparts: the engine gets more power from each piston stroke. How can this density be increased? By compressing the incoming air with a blower. If the supercharger is belt-driven, it is a mechanically driven supercharger. If from a turbine that extracts energy from the exhaust gas stream, then this is.
The disadvantage of a turbocharger is that the engine needs some time to produce enough exhaust gases. This annoying hitch is called turbo lag. The supercharger does not have such a delay, but the engine also needs time to spin the turbine, which affects its efficiency.
It can be assumed that if an “electrical” function was added to these systems, then these disadvantages would no longer exist. And it will be true.
In fact, I want to talk about three mechanisms: electric mechanical supercharging, electric turbocharging, and that nonsense that is sold on the Internet. We immediately get rid of what is offered on the Internet. And what exactly they offer, for example, on eBay can be viewed at the link.
I must say right away that this is not an option to make your PT Cruiser even more powerful. This is a way to attach a useless exhaust pump or fan from a computer to an air intake for some unknown purpose. You still won't see any changes. All this stuff that connects to your 12 volt electrical system to run the "compressor" is complete rubbish.
IN best case, these marvels of technology will be connected to the generator to start a useless fan, which still does not have enough power for normal compression. On the contrary, you will most likely lose some power due to the limited flow of forced air. As the saying goes, don't be fooled.
So real electric mechanical superchargers nevertheless exist and in fact, these are the same superchargers as those to which we are accustomed. They also spin up the compressor to increase air density, but instead of being belt driven, they are powered by an electric motor.
But the electric motor isn't the same 12-volt dummy on eBay. This will require at least a 48-volt system. Air compression consumes a lot of energy, so it is difficult to develop electrical systems.
Most batteries and traditional electrical systems in cars simply can't deliver that much power fast enough to power an electric supercharger. For this reason, electrical superchargers usually come with supercapacitors. large capacity, which can store energy and then release electrical energy very quickly. Such capacitors can also be recharged, as electrical and hybrid cars on the principle of regenerative braking.
For example, Mazda already uses a supercapacitor in its i-eLoop system. And while it's not an electric supercharger, it's still a fairly large capacitor that's already being made and installed in cars. This gives us hope that this technology will soon become ubiquitous.
Electric turbos are confusing and make us think they are different from electric superchargers. In fact, there is not much from electric turbocharging in them. They are simply small electric superchargers connected to a conventional exhaust gas turbocharger.
Even by definition, a turbocharger draws its energy from exhaust gases, so the beloved term "electric turbocharger" simply doesn't make any sense.
By by and large, the main task of an electric turbocharger is to get rid of the turbo lag and help the conventional turbocharger until the engine speed reaches the point where the turbine is at its most efficient. To do this, an electric one (which can be located in the same place as a conventional turbocharger or separately, but powered by the same impeller) spins the compressor at the start and at low speeds, and when the volume of exhaust gases is sufficient, it transfers work to a conventional turbocharger.
Benefits of electric turbocharging
What is the concept of electric turbocharging, which is increasingly found in latest news auto industry? Let's figure it out. In an effort to make cars as fuel efficient as possible, automakers are increasingly downsizing engines by equipping them with turbocharging technology. Indeed, in order for a compact engine to remain powerful, it is necessary to “help” it by forcing air into the cylinders, under pressure.
“Shortening the size of the engine is one of the main ways to reduce the fuel consumption of a car,” says a spokesman for the French supplier Valeo. automotive components. "To subcompact engine could develop more power, manufacturers usually use turbines powered by exhaust gases. However, unfortunately, turbocharged engines are characterized by poor responsiveness at low speeds, called the “turbo lag effect” or “turbo lag”.
This "failure" in the set of revolutions, caused by the inertia of the turbine, became the "Achilles heel" of the turbo engine. In part, the problem was solved by using a twin-scroll turbine with variable geometry, or using a second small turbine to help the first one. In both cases, the turbines operate in a wider range of engine speeds, however, it was still not possible to completely eliminate the “turbolag”. Alas, it is very difficult for turbocharged units to provide an instant response to pressing the gas pedal, natural for atmospheric engines.
And now a new type of turbocharging has come to the rescue - electric. What is this "beast" and can electric turbocharging be a "game changer"?
While studying how electric vehicles work, automakers have found that electric motors are characterized by instantaneous responsiveness. Today, it is still unrealistic for everyone to switch to electric transport. The motors and batteries of electric vehicles are expensive due to their large size, and the limited range of electric vehicles on a single battery charge will not suit everyone.
But why not use a small electric motor to power the compressor turbocharged engine? After all, then it will be possible to force air into the engine without the help of exhaust gases! This is precisely the principle of operation of an electric supercharger.
idea to use electric turbocharging is not new - companies such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Ferrari have already reported on developments in this area several years ago. But perhaps more than others electric blower got interested Volkswagen concern– the VW Group is currently investing heavily in the development of electric turbocharging technology or electric turbocharging.
Marc Gilles, who is involved in the development of technological communications in the North American division of Volkswagen, calls the main advantage of electric turbocharging “that it provides acceleration at low revs, while conventional exhaust gas turbines create the right pressure air at a minimum of 1500 rpm.”
“The electric motor is able to respond to the gas pedal instantly (within 250 milliseconds),” Valeo says, adding that by using an electric turbo, “fuel consumption can be reduced by 7 to 20 percent.”
Audi, part of the group Volkswagen Group, recently demonstrated its recent achievements in the field of electric turbocharging using the example of the Clubsport TT Turbo concept. four-wheel drive vehicle develops a power of 600 hp. and a torque of 649 Nm thanks to the fact that its 2.5-liter five-cylinder engine was equipped with two turbines - traditional and electric.
The electric compressor is powered by a 48-volt subsystem installed in the trunk and, unlike a conventional turbine, provides torque “on demand”. As a result, the Clubsport TT Turbo accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 3.6 seconds.
“An electrically powered compressor has significant advantages,” says Brad Stertz, power plants in the North American division of Audi. “It spins up to maximum quickly without any perceptible delay and continues to build up air pressure when the traditional turbine lacks exhaust energy.”
“This principle of operation allows us to create traditional turbochargers, specially “sharpened” for supplying more than high pressure and therefore provide more engine power, while the electric compressor will be responsible for instant response and powerful jerks from low revs at any time,” adds Sterz.
By the way, the Clubsport TT Turbo concept is not Audi's first attempt at experimenting with an electric supercharger. Last year German manufacturer equipped a 3.0-liter diesel engine with an electric compressor, adding it to a traditional turbine. This design was installed on sports coupe RS5. The output turned out to be a car capable of “exchanging the first hundred” in 4 seconds, while consuming only 5 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers. That is, the electrically supercharged RS5 turned out to be both faster and twice as economical as its “normal” counterpart.
So when should electric turbocharging be expected at the masses? Already next year! According to the manufacturer of the electric supercharger Valeo, the first stock car, which will be implemented new technology, will be the Audi SQ7 sports SUV, where the electric turbocharger will receive a V8 diesel engine with a volume of about 4 liters. The power of this power unit, presumably, will be more than 400 hp, and acceleration from standstill to 100 km / h is 5.5 seconds. The SQ7 will go on sale in 2016.
Interest in electric turbocharging has also been shown by companies such as Volvo, Hyundai, Kia and American manufacturer honeywell.
So, perhaps soon electric turbocharging will become the norm, and owners of turbocharged cars will forget about “turbo lag”, enjoying excellent traction almost from idling and modest fuel consumption figures.
