FSI stands for naturally aspirated gasoline engines Volkswagen Group, which were installed on Audi models, Volkswagen, Skoda and Seat. Then the Germans came up with and decided to add, improve this line of engines and added turbocharging there, as a result, the abbreviation changed and began to be called TFSI and TSI.
A simple difference - TFSI / TSi - motors with a turbine, and FSI - without. At the same time, VAG produced FSI with a turbine, and such engines had a corresponding inscription - Turbo FSI.
From the FSI line - only one engine is still installed on the Tuareg, this is a 3.6-liter V6. The remaining motors have not been produced since 2009, as they are technically outdated. And they were replaced atmospheric engines concern VAG MPI, which are installed on Skoda models.
The FCI engine line consisted of units with a volume of 1.4, 1.6, 2.0, 2.8, 3.2, 3.6, 4.2 liters.
In general, FSI engines are reliable, but since they are already quite a few years old, and there are a decent number of cars, owners sometimes experience problems. And they are all different, it all depends on the particular instance.
The most trouble-free engines 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 liters. Although there are problems with them, for example, it fills candles, however, this is far from being the case for everyone, and it is worth understanding this is also possible with any other motor.
Not found on FSi yet stable work at idle, the engine is demanding on fuel quality. This is usually solved by replacing the membrane, choosing a quality filling station Or replacing the valve cover gasket.
More complex and expensive to maintain and repair are large-volume engines - 2.8, 3.2, 3.6 and 4.2 liters. Firstly, these are engines not with four cylinders, but with 6 and 8, and accordingly, you will have to change not four candles, but more. The same is true with oil, you will have to pour more of it there, and the oil burner is not uncommon.
Another nuance of such volumetric motors is not good combination Automatic transmission, but these internal combustion engines only come with an automatic gearbox. Owners complain about frequent kicks. And fuel consumption is higher compared to smaller volumes.
Specifically, the 3.2 FSI engine has cylinder scuffing and is considered one of the most problematic FSI engines. Also, the chain stretches quite often. Therefore, many experts discourage buying such a car, but if you decide to purchase, check with an endoscope.
In general, it should be understood that these engines have not been produced for almost 10 years, except for the 3.6 FSI on the Tuareg, so they will have large runs and some problems will fire.
It is impossible to say unequivocally that this or that motor is bad or good. Therefore, before buying, drive the car into a service and carefully check everything, measure the compression, scan for errors, take a ride so that the internal combustion engine does not shake and the consumption is optimal.
Surely everyone who thought about buying German cars Skoda or Volkswagen, thoughtfully considered the type abbreviation TSI engine, reflecting on what is the peculiarity of this power unit. In the vastness of Russia, there are still many misconceptions about this. Some people think that given type engine running on diesel fuel, since with a smaller specific volume, it gives out a much larger power value in comparison, for example, with a simple one. But in reality, everything is different. The TSI engine is far from being a diesel.
How does a TSI and FSI engine work?
FSI.
In order to better understand how the TSI engine works, let's take an example of how its "brother" FSI engine works. The abbreviation FSI (Fuel Stratified Injection) denotes engines developed by German specialists with the so-called "layered" fuel injection. in this engine is designed similarly to diesel units:
fuel pump pumps gasoline under high pressure into a common for all cylinders fuel rail. System controlled solenoid valves fuel injection is carried out using nozzles, by the way, if you want to flush the nozzles, then you. The opening of each of the nozzles occurs after a command is given by the central control unit. The phase of operation in this case depends on both the speed and the load of the engine.
FSI engine video
Advantages of the FSI engine.
The advantage of such an engine is that due to the strict dosing of fuel injection into the combustion chamber, savings of up to 15% are achieved, in comparison with gasoline engines equipped with classical system injection. In addition, more uniform traction at low and medium speeds is provided by changing the camshaft phases.
TSI.
Unlike the FSI engine, the TSI engine is a gasoline power unit with a dual turbocharging system. The abbreviation TSI (Turbo Stratified Injection) here can be translated as an engine with stratified fuel injection and turbocharging.
Such an engine inherited the fuel injection system from the FSI engine and received additional system mechanical compression. Naturally, the design of such an engine is much more complicated. However, this disadvantage is fully compensated by its greater reliability, power and efficiency.
Video about the TSI engine
The layout of the TSI engine is different in that the turbocharger and the mechanical compression system are spaced apart. different sides engine. Traditional turbocharged engine gets extra power using energy exhaust gases, which, by spinning the turbine wheel, through the drive system, create compression and air injection. Compared to the classic gasoline engine, this system is more efficient, but the engine efficiency of the TSI system with stratified injection and turbocharging is much more efficient.
Advantages of the TSI engine.
The big disadvantage of simple turbocharged engine it can be considered that it is weakly effective for small and idling. Unlike him motor TSI It has mechanical compressor working on low revs and a turbocharger, which provides an increase in power for high revs. Thus, additional compression and injection of air into the engine system occurs over almost the entire range of operating speeds. It is this factor that contributes to a multiple increase in power with reduced fuel consumption, which is provided by a metered, layered injection system and a dual injection system.
All of the above factors lead to the fact that the engine of the TSI system, developed by the German Volkswagen experts, reaches impressive power levels. So, in comparison with a classic turbocharged engine of the same manufacturer, with a nominal engine capacity of 1.2 liters, the TSI system engine shows an average result of 12 hp. better (90 hp for a turbocharged engine versus 102 hp for a TSI engine). In addition, the dual compression system results in no power drop and excellent traction at both low and high engine speeds.
Naturally, the complexity of the engine design could not but affect its price. But a slight rise in price fully pays off with a reduced level of consumption and increased power.
2.0 FSI (Fuel Stratified Injection) engines are not unique in their kind, however, they are more common on the market. Mitsubishi first introduced similar engine in 1997 - 1.8 GDI.
In theory, the 2.0 FSI engine is economical and environmentally friendly. It is characterized as much more effective than conventional injection motors. There are a lot of advantages.
It must be admitted that if everything works as it should, then a car with 2.0 FSI and TFSI will appeal to many. You can count on an advantageous ratio of performance to fuel consumption. For example, the Audi A3 2.0 FSI consumes on average about 7.5-8 l / 100 km, and the 200-horsepower version - only 2 liters more.
Perhaps that is why Volkswagen decided to develop turbocharged engine modifications, and FSI removed it from sale. As a result, TFSI got under the hood of many VW models and is currently the main engine for powerful compacts, small sports cars and cars of average and more high class. If the 2.0 FSI was presented in only one forcing option - 150 hp, then the TFSI received several variations - from 170 to 272 hp.
Unfortunately, the 2-liter unit with direct injection has a number costly problems. In naturally aspirated versions after 90-140 thousand km on inlet valve ah appear carbon deposits- soot. There are problems with camshafts and engine sensors. In addition, minor interruptions in the operation of the motor are enough for the “Check Engine” message to appear.
In the case of a turbo engine, problems with the turbocharger and big expense oil (sometimes it takes up to 1 liter per 2000 km). In addition, there have been cases of soot on the intake valve and sensor failure (for example, a knock sensor).
Soot on the valves.
Symptoms: uneven and rough operation, reduced power.
Repair: The problem mainly affects early versions of FSI. Later it was changed software. Carbon deposits are removed in several ways: with special cleaning agents or mechanically.
Oil consumption.
Symptoms: rapid drop in oil level, catalytic converter damage.
Repair: the problem is well known official dealers. Excessive oil consumption mainly concerns the 200-horsepower version of the engine of the initial production period and the later 211-horsepower unit. One solution - overhaul engine.
Technique.
2 liter direct injection engine modern design. In addition to a special injection system, this engine has pistons and a 16-valve head made of aluminum alloy, intake manifold with air flow control dampers, as well as a variable valve timing system.
Responsible for the timing drive toothed belt, but in some versions of TFSI - a chain (since 2008 - CAWA, CAWB, CCTA, CCZA and CCZC). The injection system uses a pump high pressure and an exhaust gas recirculation valve. The TFSI engine is constantly evolving, and currently the flagship version of the engine has a power of 272 hp.
Technical data. Part 1.
|
Options |
2.0 FSI |
2.0TFSI |
2.0TFSI* |
2.0TFSI |
2.0TFSI |
2.0TFSI** |
|
Release years |
2004-09 |
2005-10 |
since 2008. |
since 2004. |
since 2008. |
2005-07 |
|
Engine type, number of valves |
petrol, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
|
Working volume |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
|
Compression ratio |
11.5: 1 |
10.3: 1 |
9.6: 1 |
10.5: 1 |
9.6: 1 |
10.5: 1 |
|
Timing type |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
|
Max. power (kW / hp / rpm) |
110/150/6000 |
125/170/4300 |
132/180/4000 |
147/200/5100 |
155/211/4300 |
162/220/5900 |
|
Max. torque (Nm / rpm) |
200/3500 |
280/1800 |
320/1500 |
280/1800 |
350/1500 |
300/2200 |
Note: * Engine can be powered by bioethanol; ** The variant was installed in the Audi A4 series 8E (DTM version).
Technical data. Part 2.
|
Options |
2.0TFSI*** |
2.0TFSI**** |
2.0TFSI***** |
2.0TFSI |
2.0TFSI****** |
|
Release years |
2007-08 |
2011-12 |
2007-13 |
since 2008. |
since 2008. |
|
Engine type, number of valves |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
turbo, R4/16 |
|
Working volume |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
1984 |
|
Compression ratio |
10.3: 1 |
9.8 1 |
9.8 1 |
9.8 1 |
9.8 1 |
|
Timing type |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
DOHC |
|
Max. power (kW / hp / rpm) |
169/230/5500 |
173/235/5500 |
177/240/5700 |
195/265/6000 |
200/272/6000 |
|
Max. torque (Nm / rpm) |
300/2200 |
300/2200 |
300/2200 |
350/2500 |
350/2500 |
Note: *** Only on Golf V GTI Edition limited to 30 units; **** Limited edition of 35 Golf VI GTI Edition only; ***** In Leon Cuprze; ****** In the Golf R - the manufacturer indicates a power of 271 hp.
Spare parts cost ($) *
|
Details |
Dealerships |
Analogues |
|
oil filter / air |
9/25 |
from 7/20 |
|
spark plug |
||
|
turbocharger |
1100 |
from 800 |
|
thermostat |
||
|
water pump |
||
|
coils (pcs.) |
||
|
dual mass flywheel |
* For 2.0 TFSI / 200 HP (2006).
Application.
The engines are most widely used in the following cars:
Audi A3 (2003-2012) Skoda Octavia II (2004-2013), Audi A5 (since 2008), Volkswagen Golf (2003-2008), Seat Leon (2005-2012), Volkswagen Passat (2006-2010).
The main difference in the design of FSI power units from others mechanical devices internal combustion It consists in supplying gasoline under high pressure through the nozzle directly into the combustion chamber.
A car engine using FSI technology was developed in the laboratory of the Mitsubishi concern, and today such engines are already installed on many brands of cars of various European, American and Japanese manufacturers. The leaders in the production of FSI power units are considered to be Volkswagen and Audi, almost all of whose cars are now equipped with these engines. In addition to them, such engines, but in smaller volumes, are installed on their cars: BMW, Ford, Mazda, Infiniti, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz and General Motors.
The use of FSI engines significantly reduces harmful emissions from cars and reduces fuel consumption by 10-15%.
The main difference from previous designs
Important hallmark FSI is the presence of two consecutive fuel systems supplying gasoline. The first is a low-pressure constantly circulating fuel recirculation system connecting the gas tank, circulation pump, strainer, control sensor, and a pipeline for supplying gasoline to the second system.
The second circuit supplies fuel to the injector for atomization and supply to the cylinders for combustion and, as a result, mechanical work.
The principle of operation of the contours
The task of the first circulation circuit is to supply fuel to the second one. It provides a constant circulation of fuel between the fuel tank and the gasoline injection device, which is installed as a spray nozzle.
Maintaining the constant circulation mode is provided by a pump located in the gas tank. Installed sensor constantly monitors the pressure level in the circuit and transmits this information to the electronic unit, which, if necessary, can change the operation of the pump for a stable supply of gasoline to the second circuit.
The task of the second circuit is to provide supply required amount atomized fuel into the combustion chambers of the engine.
To do this, it includes:
- plunger-type feed pump, to create required pressure fuel when it is supplied to the nozzle;
- a regulator installed in the pump to ensure metered fuel supply;
- pressure change control sensor;
- nozzle for spraying gasoline during injection;
- distribution ramp;
- safety valve, to protect the elements of the system.
Coordination of the work of all elements is ensured special device electronic control through executive mechanisms. To get quality combustible mixture an air flow meter, an air flow regulator and air damper control actuators are installed. Managers electronic devices I provide the ratio of the amount of atomized fuel and the air required for its combustion, specified by the program.
By the way, on our portal there is a site from which you will learn how to use the quick start of the engine.
Adjustment principle
In the operation of the FSI engine, there are three modes of formation of a combustible mixture, depending on the load on the engine:
- homogeneous stoichiometric, designed for the operation of the power unit at high speeds and heavy loads;
- homogeneous homogeneous, for motor operation in medium modes;
- layered, for engine operation at medium and low speeds.
In the first case, the position of the throttle air damper is determined depending on the position, the intake flaps are fully open, and fuel injection occurs on each engine cycle. The coefficient of excess air for fuel combustion is equal to one and the most efficient combustion is achieved in this mode of operation.
At medium engine speeds throttle valve opens fully and the intake flaps are closed, as a result, the excess air ratio is maintained at 1.5 and for effective work up to 25% of exhaust gases can be mixed into the fuel mixture.
In stratified carburetion, the intake flaps are closed, and the throttle valve is closed and opened depending on the load on the engine. The coefficient of excess air is in the range from 1.5 to 3.0. The remaining excess air in this case plays the role of an effective heat insulator.
As you can see, the principle of operation of the FSI engine is based on changing the amount of air supplied for the preparation of a combustible mixture, provided that fuel is directly supplied to the combustion chamber through a spray nozzle. Fuel and air supply is controlled by sensors, executive mechanisms And electronic block engine control.
An engine with the abbreviation "FSI" or "Fuel Stratified Injection" is not a turbocharged engine, like a "TSI" engine. IN this case We are talking about a unit with direct fuel injection. The design under consideration was developed back in 1998 and went into series in 2000 on Volkswagen cars.
The FSI fuel system is equipped with two circuits - the first is responsible for reduced pressure, and the second for reduced pressure. Circuit low pressure includes fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel pressure regulator and bypass valve. The high pressure circuit also includes a high pressure pipe, a distribution pipe, injection nozzles, a safety valve and a high pressure sensor. Other elements may include an adsorber and an adsorber purge solenoid shut-off valve.
Video - Volkswagen FSI engine
Distinctive features of the FSI motor
Unlike the FSI engine, in a conventional unit, fuel is injected into the engine pistons through the intake manifold. But for the FSI product, this process is carried out directly into the combustion chamber. here they have six small holes that distribute fuel throughout the combustion chamber with the greatest efficiency. Thereby fuel mixture has a homogeneous structure, which improves its combustible properties in cylinders. FSI engines with direct injection are significantly superior to conventional power units in accelerating dynamics, minimal carbon dioxide emissions, as well as fuel efficiency.
The principle of operation of the motor "FSI"
Unlike conventional design, this unit has a circuit with high blood pressure, which supports a different type of fuel pump. The latter takes gasoline from the low pressure zone. It should be noted that this pump is able to adjust the pressure depending on the need. In the process of accelerating the machine, the pressure increases to 0.5 MPa. With quiet driving, this indicator is at around 0.05 MPa. A specific and low pressure sensor control the pump. Through such electronic systems the required amount of fuel is supplied to the cylinders - that is, no more and no less. Thus, transfusion of gasoline or "starvation" is simply excluded. The FSI engine boasts another advantage - double fuel injection , representing the distribution of the supplied mixture between the injection and compression strokes. The system is very useful when starting a cold engine. With its help, enriched fuel is supplied until it warms up catalytic converter and engine.
Video - Audi FSI engine
Summing up, it is important to recall the first motor "FSI", which in 2000 became the best in its segment. This is an 86-horsepower unit of a modest 1.4-liter volume. Six years later, a two-liter "FSI" is introduced, which is also recognized as a reference.
FSI engines are used in many cars of the concerns "", "" and "". The working volume of such units varies from 1.4 to 5.2 liters.
