- a measuring device, the main functional purpose of which is to determine the frequency of revolutions of the crankshaft and transmit information about it to the electronic on-board control VAZ 2114.
From this article, you will learn the principle of operation of the speed sensor, the methodology for checking its performance and the technology for replacing the sensor with your own hands, which will allow you to significantly save on service stations in the future.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF DS AND FEATURES OF OPERATION
The fourteenth VAZ is a modern car equipped with an electronic type speedometer. The principle of operation of an electronic speedometer, unlike mechanically driven speedometers installed on the VAZ classics of the old years, is based on determining the current vehicle speed based on the frequency of the received DS pulse signals.
In a simple way, a pulsed one generates 6000 signal pulses for every kilometer of the distance traveled by the machine (6 pulses for one complete revolution of the crankshaft). Accordingly, the number of pulses transmitted by the sensor to the ECU in one second depends on how fast the car is moving. Receiving a pulse signal, the brains of the car calculate the frequency of its arrival and, based on it, calculate the current speed.
Based on the data obtained, the electronics not only determines the speed of movement of the fourteenth, but also regulates the operation of the engine in idle mode and the frequency of air supply bypassing the throttle.
The cost of a new DS for the fourteenth is about 300-400 rubles, the part marking is 2111-3843010. When choosing a new device, give preference to designs with a metal stem. The stem is generally the most wear-prone part of the DS, but some manufacturers manage to make it out of plastic (such DSs rarely live longer than 6 months).
A failed VAZ 2114 speedometer sensor is determined extremely simply - in this case, the speedometer stops working, it can also show signs of life, but at the same time show incorrect information.
There may also be problems when the engine is idling - if the engine stalls when the car is coasting, the cause is most likely in the DS.
The main reason for the failure of the DS is an open circuit of contacts, due to which the frequency of generating a pulse signal changes, which the controller is not able to recognize.
DC OPERATIONAL CHECK
Checking the DS is necessary if typical ones are found. check in several ways, including without removing the device from the car. To do this, you will need a multimeter and a regular 12 V light bulb.
A multimeter is a device for testing electrical networks and devices that consume electricity. For car diagnostics, this is an indispensable thing, so it makes sense to buy it in the garage, since it is not expensive (about 400-600 rubles).
Speeds - method number 1 (with the removal of the DS):
When the probe rod rotates, the tester should show bursts of alternating voltage. The faster the rotation speed, the greater the voltage spikes should be. If this does not happen, the device is faulty.
The second method allows you to check the sensor without removing it from the car, however, to implement it, you will need to drive the fourteenth into a viewing hole.
Method number 2:
- We drive the fourteenth into the pit and jack it up in the region of the left front wheel;
- We find the DS and wires to it;
- We connect the electrodes of the multimeter to the signal supply to the computer (central and extreme right contacts);
- We rotate the tester wheel in the air for the appearance of voltage surges.
If for some reason you cannot check with a multimeter, you can use a regular 12 V light bulb.
- The car is in the pit, the front is raised on a jack;
- We connect the wires of the light bulb to the left (power) and central (signal supply) contacts of the sensor;
- We begin to rotate the wheel - if the light is flashing, then the DS is operational.
REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
If the check showed that the DS is faulty, you need to replace it. and similar small electronic devices are a thankless task. In garage conditions, this is unlikely to be done, the only thing that can be done is to clean the contacts from oxidation.
For this, VD-40 or any solvent (the same alcohol) is perfect, wipe the contacts on the block with a cotton swab, if the problem was oxidation, the DS will start working.
If this does not help, it is most rational to purchase and install a new device - it is not expensive (the cost of a new DC is about 300-400 rubles) and it takes no more than 10 minutes to replace it.
To remove and connect the DS, you will need a key for 21 and a technical rag to wipe the seat from oil and dust accumulated on it.
First, let's figure out where the speed sensor is located on the VAZ 2114. You can see it on the gearbox housing, near the dipstick for checking the amount of oil in the crankcase. If you drive the car into a pit, it will be much easier to remove the DS, since access to it from above is limited to the air filter pipe and absorber, which will also have to be dismantled to replace the DS.
The removal of the DS is carried out in the following sequence:
- We drive the fourteenth into the pit;
- We remove power from the battery (for better lighting, leave the hood open);
- We climb into the inspection hole and find the DS, clean the dirt accumulated on it with a rag;
- Disconnect the contact block (the block is jammed with a spring lock, there is a button on the block to disconnect it);
- With the 21st key, we unscrew the DS from the seat;
Now about how to properly connect a new DC. It is important here that the rod of the device correctly enters the fixing sleeve, otherwise rotation will not be transmitted to the sensor.
There is no science here - if the DS sat in the landing nest the first time, then everything is in its place, if something does not allow it to advance, then the rod did not hit the bushing.
Tighten the threaded connection of the new DS carefully so as not to damage the plastic case of the device.
That's all. Note that the replacement of the DS on cars 2113 is carried out in a similar way.
The speedometer is an important element in cars, as well as several other vehicles, as it is necessary to monitor the speed so as not to violate traffic rules. But this is not the last feature of this device.
All possible speedometers have a high-speed magnetic assembly, due to the rotation of the magnets, a stream is formed, it moves through the coil, thereby contributing to the induction of eddy currents. They, thereby, begin to create more magnetic fields. They act among themselves, the arrow of the device moves along the frequency scale, with the help of this the magnet rotates.
All speedometers are divided into three categories.
- Mechanical speedometers.
- Electromechanical speedometers.
- Electronic speedometers.
Mechanical speedometers. In a speedometer of this type, the process of measuring the speed mode and the indication is due to a mechanical device. A gear is used as sensors, which is connected to the secondary shaft of the gearbox, this is the speed assembly with an arrow pointer and a drum counter. Previously used speedometers in the form of a drum and tape. But they have been discontinued for a long time.
Electromechanical speedometers. In these devices, speed measurement takes place using various electronic or electromechanical sensors that are connected to the gearbox. The speed indication is due to a milliammeter or the speed unit of a mechanical speedometer, and the distance indication is due to a counting drum, which drives a stepper motor.
Electronic speedometers. This is the development of new electromechanical speedometers, the main difference is the replacement of the odometer - in an electronic device it is completely digital.
How to remove the speedometer drive with your own hands - instructions
VAZ 2110
- We support the rear wheel chocks, then you need to jack up the front of the car, and then install it on the props.
- On models with a speedometer cable drive, remove the mounting pin and disconnect the cable from the gear drive.
- Unscrew the fixing bolt and remove it together with the heat shield.
- Remove the gear drive from the crankcase and remove it from the seal ring.
- The gear can be removed from the gearbox housing, be sure to check the condition of the gear, in case of defects, you need to replace it.
- If there are signs of wear or damage to the gear, the condition of the gear should be checked.
- To remove the gear, release it from the transmission. Then you need to unscrew the mounting bolt and remove the drive gear housing. Then you should remove the drive gear, remove all shims.
VAZ 2107
- Using the “13” wrench, it is necessary to unscrew the bolt of the clamp securing the exhaust pipe of the muffler.
- We take the “10” key and unscrew the drive mounting nut.
- Using the “13” wrench, unscrew the two nuts securing the cross member.
- Then you need to lower the rear of the gearbox.
- The pipe section must be shifted to the right and then the speedometer drive must be removed from the crankcase hole.
VAZ 2114
- DS is unscrewed counterclockwise.
- After the DS was removed, then check the VAZ 2114 speed sensor drive.
- Using the key to "10", unscrew the nut and pull it out.
- After the drive has been removed, it is necessary to check the condition of the ring and, if necessary, replace it.
VAZ 2115
- First you need to remove the pipe with the filter housing from the car.
- Clean the surface of the box with a metal brush around the sensor.
- Then wash off the dirt with a cleaner and wipe the surface.
- We hold the sensor using the key at 22.
- The next step is to remove the sensor itself.
Common causes of speedometer drive failure
- Long service life - each device has its own lifespan.
- Something fell on the sensor and damaged its connection.
- The wires have dried up or the contact has simply come off, which prevents the device from working.
- A complex design feature of use, an increased amount of moisture and constant pollution of the space under the hood.
- Installing a poor quality device or buying a cheap speed sensor without special qualities and characteristics.
The main place on the dashboard among the information sensors is usually reserved for the speedometer, which also includes the odometer.
Their main purpose is to show the speed of movement and the distance traveled. Previously, the speedometer was analog and had a mechanical cable drive from the gearbox.
But after the introduction of electronic control systems for the power plant, the design of the speedometer was also revised. For example, take the car VAZ-2114.
This auto speedometer is electronic, and although the arrow indicating the speed remains on the dashboard, it no longer moves from the rotation received through the cable, but from the impulses of a special sensor included in the design.
And the odometer has completely turned from a mechanical device into numbers displayed on the on-board computer display. That is, now the operation of these information sensors depends on one sensor, in the technical documentation it is called the speedometer sensor (DS).
Purpose
Immediately, we note that the task of this sensor includes several functions. It is intended:
- To supply an electronic signal to the speedometer mounted on the dashboard, as a result of which it is possible to control the speed of movement and the distance traveled;
- Based on the readings of this sensor, the electronic unit corrects and sets the optimal speed in different modes of movement;
- Sensor signals affect the operation of the idle speed sensor.
Features of work
Now let's see how it all works. The DS receives data, as with a mechanical drive - from the gearbox, more precisely from the rotation of one of its shafts.
Moreover, on the VAZ-2114, for the sensor to operate, rotation must be applied to it. For this, a gear drive is provided, which is a rod with a gear engaged with the gear of the gearbox shaft.
Previously, a drive cable was connected to this rod, stretching into the passenger compartment to the speedometer.
In the VAZ-2114, the need for a cable has disappeared, and a sensor with three leads is put on the rod for connecting wiring.
This type of DS - reed, is more common on this model, although over time this type was replaced by a sensor whose operation is based on the Hall effect, which is already non-contact, that is, it has no drive.
As for the sensor, which has a drive, it is found that for each kilometer of the path, the speed sensor transmits a certain number of pulses. Taking this value into account, the ECU calculates the speed of the car and the distance traveled.
It's simple, the shorter the time interval for which the required number of pulses from the DC was received, the higher the speed. Thus, the distance traveled is also calculated.
Symptoms
The speed sensor on the VAZ 2114 and 2115 is average in terms of reliability, so it often fails.
The first and main sign of its breakdown is the arrow pointing to “0” on the speedometer when driving or twitching it when the engine is running, but the car itself is immobilized.
And since the readings of the DS are involved in setting the operating parameters by the electronic unit, there are a number of other signs of a malfunction:
- Swimming the speed of the power plant at idle until it stops completely;
- Increased fuel consumption;
- Decreased traction and dynamic performance of the vehicle;
- The engine stops when the neutral speed is engaged while driving.
But since such symptoms can give problems in the operation of other sensors, it is more necessary to focus on the readings of the speedometer needle.
Additionally, scanning the on-board computer for errors can help verify that the speed sensor is malfunctioning.
Among the list of error codes, two are reserved for the speed sensor:
- P0500 - the sensor does not transmit a signal to the computer;
- P0503 - the signal from the sensor comes intermittently, intermittently.
How to choose a new item and where to look for it on a car
The sensor itself is not repairable, so if problems arise in its operation, it is simply replaced.
But we note that since several types of sensors are used on this model, for replacement it is necessary to select exactly the same one that was installed on the car, since different types are not interchangeable.
It is better to do this by the catalog number (2111-3843010), or by the markings applied to the DS itself. But for this it must first be removed.
Since the sensor is powered by a drive rod, its location is at the gearbox. You can find it on the upper plane of the gearbox housing near the differential.
You can also see it from above, looking down at the box in the area of the brake fluid reservoir.
But it is difficult to get to it by hand from the engine compartment, since other elements will interfere. And yet you can reach it, but only to disconnect the chip with the wiring.
Examination
If there are problems with the speed sensor, first of all, it is necessary to check the wiring for open and oxidized contacts.
Since the wiring is not fixed in anything, often interruptions in the operation of the DC are connected precisely with the wires. If their inspection shows that the wiring is normal, then it is necessary to diagnose the sensor itself.
You can check it with a multimeter, included in the voltage measurement mode. To do this, you can not remove it from the car, but simply jack the wheel and turn on 4th gear.
There are three outputs on the sensor itself: the side ones are the mass and the “positive” output for supplying voltage to the element. And the central one is pulsed, through which signals are sent to the speedometer and the computer.
We connect the probes of the multimeter to the mass and pulse outputs. Then we ask the assistant to spin the wheel, and we ourselves look at the readings.
If during rotation the voltage value “jumps”, and the higher the speed, the more often “jumps” will occur, then the DS is in good order and the wiring should be checked.
In the same way, you can check the performance of the new sensor after it is installed.
Replacement, performance check
For ease of access to the DS, it is better to drive the car into a pit or overpass, since it is easier to get to it from below. Of the tools, you only need keys for 21 (22), and for 10, as well as a flat screwdriver.
You need to unscrew the DS counterclockwise. Since the sensor body is plastic, it is often unscrewed by hand, but it may be necessary to slightly loosen the fastening with a key on 21 (22).
In place of the removed one, we wind a new DS, making sure that its pin entered the hole in the drive rod.
It is not necessary to tighten with a key so as not to break the plastic thread, hand effort is enough.
Sometimes problems with the operation of the sensor are not associated with it, but with the drive. The fact is that on some models a plastic gear of the drive rod is used, and often its teeth are “licked”.
Therefore, when replacing the DS, it will not be superfluous to check the condition of the drive. To do this, after removing the sensor, you need to unscrew the drive fastening nut with a 10 wrench and carefully remove it, slightly prying it with a screwdriver.
It is important to ensure that the shock does not jump out and get inside the box.
After making sure that everything is in order with the drive gear, we install everything in place. Then we check if there is a gear engagement.
To do this, we jack up one front wheel, turn on speed 4 and ask the assistant to turn it, and we ourselves check with our finger whether the rod rotates.
After checking the drive, screw on the DC and connect the wiring. It remains only to check whether the symptoms of the malfunction have disappeared.
To do this, you can start the engine and follow the behavior of the speedometer needle and listen to whether interruptions in the operation of the power plant at idle have disappeared.
Or you can check everything by measuring the voltage at the terminals with a multimeter.
The reason why the VAZ-2114 starts to stall at idle is the sensors, or rather their malfunction. Of course, the direct cause may be TPS, or DMVR. But, as practice shows, usually. But, you should not immediately resort to replacement, because it is necessary to determine exactly the problem. To do this, it is worth diagnosing. This article will talk about the reasons for the failure of the speed sensor, as well as methods for diagnosing it.
Speed sensor device
New and old speed sensor
Indirect indicators that the speed sensor is out of order are: not working speedometer, loss of engine thrust.
Therefore, based on these factors, we can assume that it is necessary to diagnose the sensor. To do this, it is worth understanding the device and operation of this node.
Principle of operation
Speed sensor
The speed meter transmits certain impulses to the electronic control unit, which reads the sensor operation data and transmits the indicators to the dashboard, and also adjusts the operation of the main power unit, depending on the received indicators.
The ECU gives a pulse and waits for a return action from the sensor. The feedback is proportional to the speed of the wheels and the crankshaft. So, the speed meter transmits its impulses (for 1 kilometer - 6004 impulses).
The electronic control unit calculates the speed from the interval between incoming pulses from the sensor.
Also, the speed sensor, during normal operation, regulates the fuel consumption in the car. How does it happen. When the gas pedal is released, the sensor perceives the situation as braking and the ECU stops supplying fuel. So, at a speed of 20 km / h, the throttle closes, and the fuel supply stops completely, which saves fuel. This is one of the many useful features of the speed sensor.
The location of the sensor under the hood of the VAZ-2114
The speed sensor itself is located on the gearbox, near the dipstick. This is the optimal location, since the speed reading takes place from the gearbox shaft, which makes it possible to measure the indicator as clearly and correctly as possible at any speed.
Location of the speed sensor on the car
Symptoms
When we have considered the device and the principles of operation of the speed sensor, you can determine the direct and indirect signs of a malfunction that will help determine the performance of the VAZ-2114 speed sensor:
- Unstable operation or STOP of the engine at idle.
- Unstable operation or failure of the speedometer.
- Increased fuel consumption.
- main power unit.
Health check
Having considered all the necessary data, you can proceed directly to the process of carrying out diagnostic work, the VAZ-2114 speed sensor. First of all, you can connect to the electronic control unit, which will show errors related to the performance of the speed sensor, namely:
- P0500- Lack of vehicle speed meter signal.
- P0503- Intermittent signal of the speed meter (the wiring is most likely to blame here).
In this case, the most common cause is a break in the contact wires, which could fray or burst under the influence of low temperature. You can call them with a tester.
Checking the sensor itself
The second way is to check the contact of the sensor itself. To complete the process, you need a tester. So, let's consider the sequence of actions:
Pinout speed sensor wires
On the video, an overview of the problem with the VAZ-2114 speed sensor (sensor continuity)
conclusions
Checking the VAZ-2114 speed sensor is quite simple, and even a novice motorist can handle this task. To complete the process, it is enough to look into the computer or carry out diagnostic operations with a multimeter.
Speedometer VAZ 2114 not working? A problem that is quite common not only for models of the fourteenth, almost every Vaz model from the classics to the new Prior, Kalin, and Grant suffers from this misfortune. In today's article, I will tell you about the three main causes of a VAZ 2114 speedometer malfunction and how to fix them.
Diagnostics of the speedometer on the fourteenth
Troubleshooting begins with disconnecting the wiring harness from the speed sensor harness and checking them using a test light.
To make a light bulb - a control, you need any car lamp that can operate at a voltage of 12 V, and two wires about 1 meter long each. One of the wires is fixed on the positive, the second - on the negative terminal of the lamp. Also included in the resulting device is a battery of the "Krona" type.
To carry out the test, one wire of the control lamp is fixed to the mass of the body or the battery, and the second is short, frequent touches to the middle contact of the DC connector. If there are no malfunctions in the connector section - the speedometer, the arrow of the latter will slightly tremble or rise. If the arrow trembles, the answer to the question why the speedometer does not work can be considered found - the speed sensor needs to be replaced.
In cases where the reaction of the arrow to tapping on the central contact of the block cannot be detected, it is necessary to make a "diagnosis" of the speedometer power circuit. The procedure is carried out using a multimeter (multester), or by using the same bulb - a control.
Beforehand, the wiring harness is disconnected not only from the speed sensor block, but also from the speedometer itself. One output of the tester or control lamp is connected to the end of the wire under the hood, the other to the salon end of the current supply circuit of the speed meter.
If the tester in the "dialing" mode indicates a violation of the integrity of the circuit, further troubleshooting is carried out in this direction. It is necessary to check the fuses, the junctions of the wires, their integrity inside the insulating braid.
The search area can be reduced by gradually "ringing" individual sections of the chain. On model 2114 and other VAZ products, the cause of speedometer failure is often the oxidation of "mass" contacts attached to the car body. 
In cases where the speedometer needle does not work, but there is no data on malfunctions of the electrical supply circuit, a logical conclusion is made about a malfunction of the device itself. An additional check can be made by temporarily installing a known-good dashboard.
The main reasons why the VAZ 2114 speedometer does not work
Let's now analyze the main reasons why the speedometer does not work on the VAZ 2114 and see the solution to these problems.
Speedometer sensor VAZ 2114 - out of order
Speedometer sensor VAZ 2114 Unlike older AvtoVAZ models, the VAZ 2114 speedometer is not mechanical, but electronic, whose readings depend on the sensor that is installed on the car's gearbox. It is this electronic device that most often fails, which can be caused by various factors:
- lack of contact on the plug-in block (for example, due to water that has got there);
- breakage of the wire supplying the sensor;
- lack of current in the supply contact.
Since the VAZ 2114 is equipped with an on-board computer, the first thing you can do is try to detect a breakdown with its help: by turning on the self-diagnosis process, you need to wait until it ends. If the result of the test was the displayed error P0500, then the on-board computer does not receive the appropriate signal from the speed sensor.
How to check the speedometer sensor VAZ 2114
To check the condition of the speedometer sensor, you must perform the following steps:
- Open the hood cover of the VAZ-2114.
- Get rid of the adsorber, so it will be more comfortable to work.
- Determine where in the area of \u200b\u200bthe CV joint is the wire suitable for the sensor.
- Locate the tool under the throttle assembly.
Finally, you got to the sensor itself. Take a look at how it looks, check the performance of the device. What is it?
Look at the stem, it is made of plastic, this material often breaks and deteriorates. Breakdowns are accompanied by a plastic stem. Pay attention to the plastic drive gear - ideally, all the teeth should be in place. If they are cut off, then the operation of the sensor leaves much to be desired.
That is why even at the stage of the absence of breakdowns, service station experts recommend replacing plastic parts with metal ones.
If the stem and gears are made of metal, the speedometer is unlikely to break soon. When changing the mechanism, consider the following features: VAZ-2114 can be equipped with units with different volumes.
Speed sensor VAZ 2114 - faulty The gears are not the same color. The numerical values of the speedometer drive change according to different gear ratios of the main combination of pairs. This means that the shade of the gears must match and remain the same.
When the device check is completed, it will not be superfluous to ring the contacts in the block - this way it is possible to fix the break in the electrical circuit, then fix the voltage of all contacts. In order for the testing to be completed effectively, arm yourself with a multimeter available in car dealerships to carry out diagnostics, set the “voltmeter” mode of operation. Next, determine the state of the controller, if you do not know how, it is better to contact a specialist.
Wear or breakage of the speedometer cable VAZ 2114
Speedometer cable VAZ 2114 - responsible for transmitting speed from the box to the instrument panel of the car's speedometer. At one end, this cable is connected to the drive gearbox, which is located on the gearbox, and at the other end, it is connected to the speedometer mechanism itself, which in turn is located on the instrument panel.
The VAZ 2114 speedometer cable is located next to the lower part of the gearbox housing and is attached to the gearbox, for clarity, so that you have at least the slightest idea where the cable is, view the photo below on which the cable is indicated by an arrow:
The speedometer cable is replaced in 2 cases:
- Failure, in connection with which the speedometer will not show any values \u200b\u200bin the instrument panel.
- And also in case of its deformation and in case of breakage of the nut that secures it to the gearbox, or to the speedometer mechanism.
If you have a nut that secures the cable to the gearbox, or if it is broken to the speedometer, then when driving, there will be sharp jumps in the speedometer needle!
Replacing the speedometer cable VAZ 2114
In order to replace the speedometer cable with a VAZ 2114, you must perform the following procedure:
- At the beginning of the operation, you will need to remove the instrument panel from the vehicle.
- Then, using pliers, completely unscrew the nut that secures the cable to the mechanism, and after unscrewing, disconnect the cable.
- Then move to the bottom of the car, and already there unscrew the nut that secures the cable to the gearbox (It is indicated by an arrow), and after unscrewing the nut, disconnect the cable.
- Now pick up the cable and pull it out of the car.
- Finally, untie the wire from the nut.
- Perform the entire installation of the cable in the reverse order of removal.
Video replacement speedometer cable VAZ
Mechanical drive VAZ 2114 - check the performance
Another common reason is the correct operation of the mechanical drive, and in particular, the one installed when assembling the car at the car factory has an unreliable plastic rod on which the drive gear is located. There are cases of breakage of this rod and cutting of the teeth on the gears. When replacing them, pay attention to the color of the gears, since the VAZ-2114 is equipped with engines with different displacements and due to different gear ratios of the main pair, the gear ratios of the speedometer drive change. Therefore, the color of these gears must be the same. If the speedometer drive fails, replace it with one that has a metal rod.
You can test the speed sensor by replacing it with a known good one. And in order to find out if the drive is working, you need to ask a friend to push the car so that it rolls, and see for yourself whether its rod rotates.
