Road pit machine MDK-3,is further development machines MDK-2M. The design of a new pit machine to replace the obsolete MDK-2 and MDK-2M machines in the army began almost simultaneously with the design of the BAT-2 track-laying machine in the Kharkov Design Bureau named after Malyshev, under the leadership of the chief designer P.I. Sagira, late 70s. Product 453 (factory index) was put into service in the late 80s under the name Road Pit Machine MDK-3. Its serial production was organized on Kharkov plant transport engineering them. Malyshev.
The main difference between MDK-3 is that the excavation of the pit is carried out while the machine is moving. in reverse, due to which the pit comes off in a much smaller number of passes, in comparison with MDK-2. The MDK-3 machine is significantly superior in performance to the MDK-2M machine. Its productivity and transport speed are 2.7 and 1.8 times higher, respectively. The MDK-3 machine can loosen heavy and frozen soils, level sites for working on slopes, which cannot be done by the MDK-2M machine. To dig a pit, to the full depth, the MDK-2M machine needs to make 8-9 passes, while the MDK-3 machine tears off the pit in one or two passes, so the loss of time for idle run and turns for the MDK-3 machine is much less or completely absent. When excavating pits, the developed soil is laid in one direction
to the left of the pit in the form of a parapet. If it is necessary to install a parapet on both sides, after two or three passes, it is necessary to change the direction of the passage.
Replace in the troops MDK-2M new car I could not. It turned out to be overweight, bulky, structurally difficult to operate and repair. The machine can use its fantastic performance to the fullest extent only when excavating large-scale pits, which are not required in the regiment-division link.
Specifications
Road boiler machine MDK-3
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Crawler tractor AT-T |
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Length, mm |
in transport position - 8000, in working position - 10230 |
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Width, mm |
in transport position - 3400, in working position - 4050 |
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Height, mm |
in transport position - 3950, in working position - 3480 |
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Average specific ground pressure, kg/cm g |
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Working units |
Rotary excavator (5-blade cutter, 8 buckets), dozer blade |
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Volume of one bucket, l |
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Tearable trench width, m |
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Depth of trench to be torn off, m |
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Technical Productivity, m 3 / hour |
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Engine |
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Engine power, kW / hp |
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Maximum transport speed, km/h |
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Power reserve, km |
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Climbability, hail. |
Housing MDK-3 engine, transmission, suspension and chassis are generally similar to the corresponding angles and units of the MT-T multi-purpose conveyor produced at the same plant. Special equipment boiler machine includes: bulldozer equipment, ripper and kit bucket wheel excavator. The working body of the excavator is a cutter with a thrower, which ensures high productivity of the MDK-3, on a fragment of pits. The bulldozer is used to compare sites and can be installed with a bias in both directions, which makes it possible to work on slopes and hillsides. The ripper will speed up excavation work in hard soils and permafrost.
The cabin of the MDK-3 is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, thanks to which the machine can work in areas contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances, and the crew can be in the cabin without protective equipment. The author of this article speaks positively about the presence of such an installation in the MDK-3 cockpit, calling it useful and necessary. He gives an example of the fact that he died while working on the MDK-3 in the pit, when clouds of dust and sand rose into the air, plus accumulated traffic fumes from the engine, until I realized that you can use the FVU.
Specifications
Road boiler machine MDK-3 based on MT-T tractor
| Working units | Rotary excavator (6-bladed cutter, 12 buckets), dozer blade |
| Engine | B-46-4 |
| - power kW/hp Dimensions in transport position: - length/width/height, m Dimensions in working position: - length/width/height, m |
520/710 10,22/3,23/4,04 11,75/4,6/3,25 |
| Weight, kg | 39500 |
| Transport speed, km/h | 65 |
| Fuel reserve along the way, km | 500 |
| Fuel consumption per 100 km, l Tearable trench dimensions - width, m |
275-300 |
| - depth, m | 3.5 (under special conditions up to 6.0) |
| Technical Performance, m2/hour | 500-800 |
| Category of soil to be torn off | I-IV |
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Max Angle rise, hail |
28 |
| Maximum bank angle, deg | 15 |
| Fording depth, m | 1,5 |
| Dozer blade width, mm | |
| Bulldozer blade height, mm | |
| Maximum skew of the bulldozer blade, hail | 26 |
| Ripper, mm | 0,75 |
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The BTM high-speed trenching machine is designed for trenching and communication in soils up to category III, inclusive, with a dump of excavated soil on both sides of the trench to be torn off. Rotor is used as working equipment...
Bucket excavators (continuous)
Continuous excavators are called earthmoving machines, developing and transporting soil continuously. In this case, both operations - digging and transporting soil - are performed simultaneously. Unlike shovel excavators, continuous excavation provides higher output, however, main disadvantage continuous machines - low versatility. Each earth-moving machine, be it chain or bucket wheel trenchers, drainage excavators, auger and twin-rotor trenchers, reclamation bucket-wheel excavators of transverse digging, and even more so - large mining bucket-wheel excavators - they are all designed to perform certain operations and they cannot be used on others. works.
High-speed trench machines BTM
The BTM high-speed trenching machine is designed for trenching and communication in soils up to category III, inclusive, with a dump of excavated soil on both sides of the trench to be torn off. A rotor with 8 buckets with a capacity of 160 liters each was used as working equipment.
The maximum productivity of the machine with a trench width at the top of 1.1 m, along the bottom - 0.6 m and at a depth of 1.5 m - 800 m/h. The machine was developed on the basis of Product 409U, or, in other words, heavy artillery tractor AT-T, designed by Kharkov machine-building plant om named after Malyshev under the guidance of the famous Soviet tank builder A.A. Morozov (AT-T were produced from 1950 to 1979). Installed on the tractor diesel engine A-401 with a capacity of 415 hp, which allows you to develop a transport speed of up to 35 km / h. The fuel supply is enough for 500 km of travel or 10-12 hours of work in the ground. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, the crew is 2 people. Machine weight - 26.5 tons.
The production of BTM trench machines began in 1957 at the Dmitrovsky excavator plant. Raising and lowering the rotor was carried out by a cable-block system using U-shaped frame. Buckets were closed type, which affected the performance of the machine: when working on clay and wet soils, the buckets were clogged with earth and were not cleaned in a vertical position, so they had to be cleaned manually. Presumably, this shortcoming was eliminated on the modification of the BTM-2 machine, on which buckets with chain bottoms were used. On a further modification of the BTM-3, the mechanism for raising and lowering the rotor was changed and such machines were produced until the end of the 70s.
Machine BTM-4 - prototype; AT-T tractor was used as a base. Later, a new multi-purpose tracked tractor MT-T was used. Mass production under the index BTM-4M.
Trench fast cars BTM entered service with the engineering troops of the USSR Armed Forces. For national economic purposes, the BTM-TMG (rotary) and BTM-TMG-2 (chain) machines were developed and produced.
High-speed trench machine BTM based on the AT-T tractor. The car is installed on a pedestal near the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine. The photos were taken by RIO1.
High-speed trench machine BTM-3 based on the AT-T tractor in the transport position during testing. Photo from the archive of the Kharkiv Design Bureau named after A.A. Morozov.
High-speed trench machine BTM-3 based on the AT-T tractor in operation. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
High-speed trench vehicle BTM-3 based on the AT-T tractor. The photographs were taken at the base of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Madvezhka in the Leningrad Region. F. Shilnikov.
Machines BTM-3. Photos from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Fast trenching machine based on the MT-T tractor (prototype 1978). Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Trench machines TMK
The TMK trenching machine is a MAZ-538 wheeled tractor, on which a working body for trenching and bulldozer equipment are mounted. The machine allows you to excavate trenches in soils up to category IV inclusive. Trenching in thawed soils at a depth of 1.5 m is carried out at a speed of 700 m/h, in frozen soils 210 m/h.
The working body is rotary, bucketless type. Work equipment includes mechanical transmission drive and hydraulic mechanism for lifting and lowering the working body. On the frame of the working body, passive-type slopes are installed, which ensure the formation of inclined trench walls. The soil raised from the trench is spread on both sides of the trench with the help of throwers.
The installed auxiliary bulldozer equipment with a blade width of 3.3 m allows for terrain planning, backfilling of pits, ditches, digging pits, etc.
The basic all-wheel drive wheeled tractor MAZ-538 is equipped with a D-12A-375A engine with a power of 375 hp.
TMK machines have been manufactured since 1975 at the Dmitrovsky excavator plant. Later on wheel tractor KZKT-538DK produced a modernized trench machine TMK-2.
TMK-2 trench machine based on the KZKT-538DK all-wheel drive tractor. The photographs were taken by E. Bernikov.
TMK-2 trench machine based on the KZKT-538DK tractor, manufactured in 1982. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit machines MDK and MKM
With the transfer of production in 1946 to the T-54 tank, the designers of the Kharkiv Design Bureau named after A.A. Morozov, under the leadership of M.N. Shchukin and A.I. Avtomonov, began to develop a tractor ed. These works were carried out on the instructions of GAU and TsAVTU. The tractor successfully passed the tests, and in 1953 the first serial samples of the AT-T (heavy artillery tractor) were released.
The excavation machine MDK-2 (MDK-2m) is an earth-moving machine based on the heavy artillery tractor AT-T (produced from 1950 to 1979 by the Kharkov Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev) and is designed to excavate pits with a size of 3.5 X 3.5 m of any length in various soils up to category IV inclusive. The bulldozer equipment available on the machine makes it possible to plan the site before excavating the excavation, cleaning and leveling the bottom of the excavation, backfilling pits, ditches, trenches and pits, etc.
When excavating pits, the developed soil is laid in one direction to the right of the pit in the form of a parapet at a distance of 10 m. In one pass, the recess is 30-40 cm. The type of working body is a cutter with a thrower; technical productivity - 300 m3/h; transport speed of the car - 35.5 km / h.
The MDK-3 excavation machine (the first, prototype) is designed for excavating pits 3.5 m wide and up to 5 m deep to shelter equipment. The base tractor is an AT-T tractor with an additional power plant, as a result of which the installed power of the engines reaches 1115 hp!!! Productivity of the car on soils of II - III categories - 1000 - 1200 m3/h. Machine weight - 34 tons.
Pit machine MDK-3 (late, production version) is a further development of the MDK-2m machine and is intended for extracting trenches and shelters for equipment, pits for fortifications. The base vehicle is the MT-T multi-purpose heavy tracked transporter-tractor, developed by the Kharkiv Design Bureau. A.A. Morozov and produced from 1976 to 1991. Kharkov Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev.
When excavating pits, the developed soil is laid in one direction to the left of the pit in the form of a parapet. Unlike the MDK-2m, the MDK-3 excavation machine moves in reverse when excavating the excavation, tearing off a excavation up to 1.75 m deep in one pass. Auxiliary equipment is a powerful bulldozer equipment and frozen soil ripper, which greatly increased the capabilities of the machine compared to the previous one. Technical productivity of the car - 500 - 600 m3/h; transport speed - 65 km/h.
Experimental excavation machine MKM based on the AT-T tracked tractor in the transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Excavation machine MDK-2 on the basis of the AT-T crawler tractor in the transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
An excerpt of the pit by the MDK-2 machine. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Excavation machine MDK-2m on an AT-T crawler tractor in the transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Excavation machine MDK-3 on the basis of the AT-T crawler tractor in the transport position, front view. Prototype. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Pit machine MDK-3, front view. Prototype. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Fragment of the boiler machine MDK-3. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Excavation machine MDK-3 on a caterpillar tractor MT-T in the transport position during testing. Photos from the archive of the Kharkiv Design Bureau named after A.A. Morozov.
Pit machine MDK-3 on a caterpillar tractor MT-T in operation. Photos from the archives of the Kharkiv Design Bureau named after A.A. Morozov.
Pit machine MDK-3 on a caterpillar tractor MT-T. Photo by A. Kravets.
Earthmoving machines DZM and PZM
Regimental earth-moving machine PZM-2 refers to trench-excavation machines designed for excavating trenches and pits for fortification equipment of positions, areas of troops and command posts. In thawed soils, the machine provides a passage of trenches and pits, in frozen soils - only trenches.
The working equipment of the machine is a bucketless chain with a rotary thrower. Technical productivity when extracting pits - 140 m3 / h, trenches - 180 m3 / h. Dimensions of the trench to be torn off: width 0.65 - 0.9 m, depth - 1.2 m; pit dimensions: from 2.5 to 3.0 m with a depth of up to 3 m.
Bulldozer equipment can be used to backfill trenches, ditches and pits, as well as to clear roads in winter time. A winch with a pulling force of 5 t is used for self-pulling and to provide the necessary tractive effort when extracting pits and trenches in frozen soils with a waterlogged surface.
The earth-moving machine PZM-2 is mounted on a wheeled tractor T-155 of Kharkiv tractor plant. It is equipped with an SMD-62 engine with a power of 165 hp.
The DZM divisional earth-moving machine is a prototype of a trailed trenching machine equipped with two bucketless chain working bodies. A wheeled MAZ-538 was used as a tractor.
Earth-moving machine PZM-2 based on the T-155 tractor, manufactured in 1991. Photos from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru
Earth-moving machine PZM-2 based on the T-155 tractor. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Earth-moving machines PZM-2. The photo was taken in Nizhny Novgorod by O. Chkalov.
Earth-moving machine PZM-2. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
Opening a trench with a PZM-2 earthmoving machine. The photographs were provided by the director of the Bryansk Department of Mechanization of Special Equipment LLC I. Drachev.
Earth-moving machine PZM-2 based on BUM. The photo was provided by the director of the Bryansk Department of Mechanization of Special Equipment LLC I. Drachev.
Earth-moving machine DZM in transport position. Photo from the archive of the author of the site techstory ru.
In the midst of the January snowfalls, headlines appeared in the press with headlines like "The streets in Nizhny Tagil are cleaning tanks." True, in the messages themselves, the authors admitted that the "tanks" in the headline arose for a red word. In fact, what happened more than once in history happened: military engineering equipment came to the aid of the civilian population. These vehicles indeed have much in common with tanks, but the main thing is that, unlike tanks, they can be useful not only during the war.
“In any offensive, sappers always go first,” proudly say the soldiers and officers of the engineering troops. Thanks to the various equipment in service with the sappers, the army today will not be stopped by minefields, or burning ruins, or forests and swamps, or rugged relief cut by water flows.
Oleg Makarov
Look at the unusual, and therefore rather intimidating looking, albeit devoid of guns and machine guns engineering equipment the PM team had a chance at the location of the brigade of the Russian Engineering Troops in Nakhabino near Moscow. Russian sappers usually arrange such reviews on the eve of their professional holiday - January 21. I must say that winter is an excellent time for the demonstration of machines, which at any time of the year and in any conditions should pave the way for troops moving forward and create fortifications in case of defensive actions.
Once a prominent military leader of the Second World War, General J. S. Patton remarked: “It still does not fit into my understanding of how long-term fighting at temperatures below zero. The bewilderment of an American general in Russia can only cause a smile: in the winter, the Germans were driven away from Moscow, Paulus was finished off in Stalingrad, the Leningrad blockade was broken through and lifted. But cold is cold, and it is difficult for an ordinary sapper shovel to cope with the soil frozen to the state of concrete. For fast device trenches in winter conditions, sappers today use special charges based on TNT. After the explosion, the frozen ground loosens up and can be picked up relatively easily with a shovel. If other scales and volumes are needed, when, for example, it is necessary to cover tanks and infantry fighting vehicles behind earthen barriers, heavy equipment cannot be dispensed with.
The obstacle engineering vehicle is perhaps the most versatile vehicle of the engineering troops. She not only breaks through the rubble, but can uproot the forest, remove obstacles with a crane, dig and pave roads.
Like a ship on the waves
The MDK-3 excavation machine is a real ship. Made on the basis of the MT-T army tracked transporter-tractor, the MDK-3 has a length of more than 10 m. The resemblance to a sea vessel is enhanced when this technique begins work. At the stern of the machine is a rotary cutter with a thrower. In the stowed position it is raised, in the working mode it is lowered down. MDK-3 moves in reverse, the cutter rotates, tearing off a wide trench, into which, after a while, the machine itself begins to sink, while raising its nose high. Like a ship on the waves. A jet of earth mixed with snow goes up and to the left, and it seems that the season is not so important for this monster - it is ready to bite into the ground anytime and anywhere. Especially when you consider that the MDK-3, in addition to the cutter, also has a ripper in its arsenal, just for the preliminary processing of frozen land.
The first domestic engineering obstacle blocking vehicle was produced in 1969 and was based on the chassis of the T-55 tank. Since then, two generations have changed: the IMR-2 was already based on the chassis of the T-72 tank, and the newest IMR-3 was based on the chassis of the T-90 tank. The machine is intended for laying columned routes of movement over rough terrain, in forests, in urban rubble. In the case of using an excavator bucket, it can be used for extracting pits.
The bulldozer part of the IMR can operate in several modes. The first is a double-dump, when for breaking through obstacles and snow drifts dumps are connected at an angle into an arrow-shaped "ram". The second is bulldozer: in this case, both dumps are placed in one row, perpendicular to the direction of movement. And, finally, the grader mode makes it possible to put both blades in one line obliquely in order to rake soil, gravel, snow on one of the roadsides of the path being laid.
In fact, the IMR was created for operations in a nuclear war: the armor weakens the effect of radiation by 10 times, the cabin is equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, and in addition, the crew can carry out all manipulations with the working bodies without leaving the cabin and without exposing themselves to the dangers of the contaminated environment. That is why WRI played an outstanding role in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident: machines cleared the rubble and assembled the structures of the sarcophagus. WRIs were also used in a combat situation, in particular, they were sent to Afghanistan, and in Chechnya they took part in the construction of mountain rockades for the transfer of troops. Since the vehicle is mounted on a tank chassis, it, like tanks, has a rather expensive motor resource.
Obstacle engineering vehicle (IMR) - yes, yes, exactly the same one that went out to clean the snow in Nizhny Tagil - is preparing to take part in the fire show. It is really made on a tank chassis, only instead of a rotating turret there is a telescopic crane boom with a universal grip. Fighters-sappers folded from pieces of plywood, furniture parts, old doors, logs, boards, worn tires and plastic cans a barricade one and a half meters high, designed to simulate fire blockages on the path of troops.
Pit excavation machine. MDK-3 is a machine with specific tasks. Its use is advisable when it is required to open shelters for vehicles, large shelters and firing structures. For digging ordinary trenches, smaller equipment, although not as impressive in appearance, is suitable. We are talking, for example, about the regimental earth-moving machine (PZM-2), which was created on the basis of the T-155 wheeled tractor tractor and is equipped with a bucketless working body.
The machine is equipped with a rotary cutter with a thrower that throws the excavated soil to the side and lays it in the form of a parapet. The MDK-3 is also equipped with a bulldozer blade, one of the functions of which is to level the bottom of excavated pits. Structurally, a ripper is provided for the preparation of frozen soil. MDK-3 is capable of digging pits of unlimited length, 3.7 m wide at the bottom, and up to 3.5 m deep (1.75 m per pass). The productivity of the machine is 500-600 cubic meters of excavated soil per hour. It is enough to imagine these hundreds of tons of earth to feel the full power of this engineering machine.
Even generously poured with diesel fuel, all this rubbish is in no hurry to flare up in the wind. Meanwhile, the IMR crew is busily bustling about their machine, weighing more than 40 tons. Its main working body is a heavy, powerful, hydraulically controlled bulldozer blade. More precisely, there are two dumps, but when laying passages through the rubble, they are placed at an angle to each other, forming a mighty arrow-shaped ram. And now the tree is on fire, the tires are smoking, and the IMR crew receives a command to start the exercise. The machine wraps itself in a cloud of dense blue exhaust, starts moving forward and ... - who would have thought! - breaks through the barricade in one fell swoop, only the pieces of wood that have fallen into the trucks groan plaintively. Well, behind the WRI there is a free smooth passage along which you can walk, run and even ride.
The MDK-3 excavation machine has been replacing the previous version of the excavation machine in the engineering troops since the late eighties:. It is intended for the development of various soils, up to category IV inclusive.
It is distinguished from the MDK-2 by a more modern high-speed tracked chassis mounted on the units of the MT-T artillery tractor, the transmission of which has been modified and supplemented with a creeper with hydrostatic transmission. Significantly compared to previous version the productivity of the machine has increased, and the availability of loosening equipment allows the development of frozen soil, when it freezes to a depth of 0.75 m. And we can say that on this moment MDK-3 is one of the most powerful and high-performance machines of this class, which are in service with the engineering troops. Also distinctive feature is that the working stroke of the machine, when excavating the soil by the working body, is carried out in reverse.
MDK-3 is equipped with bulldozer equipment that allows you to warp the blade at angles up to 26 o in one direction or another. That allows to produce equipment of horizontal platforms on slopes.
Specifications MDK-3:
| MT-T | |
| cutter | |
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Engine |
B-46-4 |
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Power, kW / hp |
520/710 |
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Dimension. dimensions |
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| length, m | 10,22 |
| width, m | 3,23 |
| height, m | 4,04 |
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In working position |
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| length, m | 11,75 |
| width, m | 4,6 |
| height, m | 3,25 |
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Weight, kg |
39500 |
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Transport speed, km/h |
65 |
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Fuel range, km |
500 |
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Technical capacity m 3 /h |
800 |
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Tearable trench dimensions |
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| bottom width, m | 3,7 |
| depth, m | 3,5 |
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Average specific pressure kgf / cm 2 |
0,78 |
| I...IV | |
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Max. elevation angle, deg |
30 |
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Fording depth, mm |
1500 |
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Blade width, mm |
There is |
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Ripper, m |
0,75 |
Specifications:
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The mass of the refueled machine with individual |
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Weight of attachments with an individual set of spare parts and accessories, kg |
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Specific power with attachments, kW |
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Number of seats in the cab |
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Center of mass coordinates (without attachments), mm: along the length from the axis of the drive wheel by ground height |
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Track (distance between the centers of the tracks |
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Base (distance between the axes of the extreme road wheels) |
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The length of the bearing surface of the caterpillars (with attachments), mm |
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Track width, mm |
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Ground clearance (with attachments), mm |
At least 425 |
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Average specific pressure on the ground without taking into account the immersion of the tracks, MPa: without attachments with attachments |
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Minimum turning radius of the machine in first gear |
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Tilt (overhang) angles limited by the slope of the caterpillar branches (without attachments), degrees: front |
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Angle of entry (exit) to the ramp (ramp), degrees |
no more than 20 |
Overall dimensions, mm:
PIT AND UNIVERSAL GROUND MACHINES
Questions for control and self-examination
1. Report what is the principle of operation of a military shovel excavator?
2. Report the purpose of EOV-3521 and EOV-4421.
3. Report general device EOW-3521 and EOW-4421.
4. What military shovels do you know?
5. Report performance characteristics of EOV-3521 and EOV-4421.
6. What design differences Do you know EOV-3521 and EOV-4421?
Chapter 14
Pit machines are designed for extracting pits for various fortifications. In service with the engineering troops Russian Army there are two pit machines MDK-2M and MDK-3.
It should be noted that the MDK-2 pitting machine (1962) is the first special pattern military pit machine in world practice. The experience of its operation in the army made it possible to create a new, more advanced MDK-3 machine. Machine MDK-3 is equipped with a milling working body of transverse digging with a thrower drum type and additional working bodies: a ripper and a bulldozer with a skewed blade.
Main performance characteristics excavation machines are given in Appendix 10. An analysis of the data placed in this table shows that the MDK-3 machine is significantly superior in its performance to the MDK-2M machine. Its productivity and transport speed are 2.7 and 1.8 times higher, respectively. The MDK-3 machine can loosen heavy non-frozen and frozen soils, level sites for working on slopes, which cannot be done by the MDK-2M machine.
To excavate pits to full depth, the MDK-2M machine needs to make 8-9 passes, while the MDK-3 machine tears off the pit in one or two passes, so the loss of time for idle run and turns on the MDK-3 machine is much less or completely missing. However, the MDK-3 machine is much more complicated in design and operation.
In general, excavation machines have a fairly high productivity when extracting excavations. However, they cannot work in frozen soils. One of the disadvantages of the machines is that they cannot cut excavations of only one width (3.5 m).
Another disadvantage. Cars are poorly protected from bullets and shrapnel, as well as from the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction. Based on this machine of this type it is advisable to use it outside the zone of direct contact with the enemy.
Trench-excavation machines in the Russian Army are represented by the PZM-2 regimental earth-moving machine, which is designed to excavate trenches in frozen and non-frozen soils, and pits for military fortifications - only in non-frozen soils. The machine can also perform simple bulldozer work.
The main performance characteristics of the PZM - 2 are given in Appendix 10. Their analysis shows that for a number of properties the vehicle does not fully meet the requirements of the troops. She has a low transport speed, has insufficient traction and coupling properties, has no protection against the damaging factors of small arms and weapons of mass destruction.
Universal machines represented in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation single bucket excavators. They tear off trenches, pits of all sizes, as well as excavations of various configurations. The presence of a hook clip on excavator equipment allows you to independently install some fortifications, as well as perform loading and unloading operations in wartime, if necessary.
