All drivers, for sure, will be very interested in which bulbs are installed in the fog lights. After all, these elements are very important in a car, thanks to them it is possible to move safely in difficult weather conditions, such as snowfall, rain, fog. It would seem that there are ordinary headlights, why else foglights? Let's talk about all this below.
Fog lights - what is the feature of radiation?
What is hidden behind the glass of the fog lamp?
The device of foglights is almost the same as conventional headlights: a body, a paraboloid-type reflector, a light source and a diffuser. In order for visibility during rain or fog to be good, it is necessary that the upper boundary of the beam be clear, which means that neither the light from the lamp itself nor the reflected beam should go above the horizontal plane. For good lighting pavement, they should be located as close to the road as possible, but not lower than 25 centimeters above the ground.
Nature itself also influences this. After all, the fog does not spread along the ground itself, but a little higher.
The first reflectors were round, but later ellipsoidal ones were proposed, the fact is that such reflectors have two foci at once. In a parabolic reflector, the light source is located at the focal point, because of this, the reflector directs the beam along the central axis, and the diffuser, in turn, expands this beam, thereby forming a horizontal strip. A special screen prevents the beam from being projected upwards. So we got the optimal lighting device for foggy conditions.
Fog lamp button and "smart" glow mode
Lamps in fog lights are installed both and halogen. It is impossible to unequivocally answer which of them is better, since the first ones shine brighter, but because of this they can blind other drivers. And if you installed them personally, and they were not provided for by the design of the car, then it is quite possible that you may have problems with the traffic police. The device itself provides all the necessary elements, fuses and relays, in addition, you may only need a button for fog lights to turn them on for a short time, and control indicators for operation.
With the momentary power button, you can give someone prearranged signal and “flashing” foglights, this is often practiced among drivers to warn each other about a traffic police post. In order to protect yourself from an accident, the SDA states that the driver must mark his vehicle while driving at any time of the day. This can be done with low beam headlights or daytime running lights. It is possible to use foglights in DRL mode (daytime running lights).
By connecting the fog lamp relays to the necessary connectors, we get the following: when the engine is started, they turn on in DRL mode, but as soon as you turn on the dimensions, they immediately go out. If you need to turn them on again, then you need to turn the regular switch. This is a rather convenient and necessary function, especially considering new traffic rules. So you don't have to always remember that every time you go out in a car, you need to turn on something that you are not used to at all.
The fact that fog lights significantly improve visibility in poor visibility and on the sides of the car is beyond doubt. The fog reflector is designed in such a way as to create uniform illumination around the headlight, which explains why high efficiency PTF. But as for the rear fog lights, for many drivers it remains not entirely clear why they are needed, and whether they are needed at all, because they do not carry any obvious practical benefit.
And even vice versa. Rear fog lights when driving at night, according to many motorists, only get in the way, because they obstruct the view, and the brake light of the car in front becomes difficult to see. However, most vehicles are standardly equipped with rear fog lights, and it is illegal to remove them from the car structure on your own - it will become impossible to pass a technical inspection without them.
Does the car need ZPTF
The rear fog lamps, if they are structurally provided on the car, cannot be removed independently. ZPTF are designed to more correctly designate a vehicle in conditions insufficient visibility. As a rule, such headlights are designed for the installation of standard incandescent lamps - special brightness is not required here. There are also no clear standards regarding the connection scheme - at self installation it is better to use a separate rear fog lamp relay.
The presence of rear fog lights allows you to bad weather avoid collision of two cars. For example, when heavy snow, rain or fog. They are initially somewhat brighter than simple dimensions, and are located at some distance from them, so they turn out to be quite effective. Naturally, without the need to turn on the rear fog lights, it’s still not worth it - in clear weather, at night, they interfere with other drivers.
If ZPTF are absent
Not all vehicles are factory equipped with SPTF. According to GOST R 51709-2001, the presence of rear fog lights on a car is mandatory. Therefore, many motorists are forced to install them on their own - otherwise, certain difficulties arise during the inspection. This is due to the fact that a car without a ZPTF does not comply with GOST. It should be noted right away that such requirements apply only to vehicles manufactured in 2006 and older.
Another important point, which is often “forgotten” by traffic police inspectors - if the rear fog lights are not provided structurally, the driver is not obliged to install them on their own - GOST requirements apply only to manufacturers, not consumers. If the ZPTF is nevertheless installed independently, then this is done not haphazardly, but according to certain rules - if the installation is incorrect, the inspector's refusal when trying to pass the MOT will be completely legitimate.
The number of ZPTF can be one or two. If one headlight is installed, then it is placed only on the left side. If there are two ZPTFs, then they are placed at a height not exceeding one meter from the ground level, and not less than 25 cm from it.
Important! The width between them is not regulated in any way, but there is important point, obligatory to observe - the distance between the ZPTF and each brake light cannot be less than 100 mm.
How to use the rear fog lights
When the rear fog lights are installed by the automaker, the question of how to turn on the rear fog lights and how to turn them off is determined by him - the driver can only press the buttons. In the case of self-installation of this equipment, there are a lot of connection options, but you cannot use the ZPTF as you please - this procedure is quite strictly regulated, and cannot be changed independently.
So, according to the law, ZPTF can only be switched on together with head lighting or front fog lights, and they should only burn in a constant mode. They are switched off parallel to another external lighting equipment, and should not be included as separate equipment. Under no circumstances allowed teamwork rear fog lights and brake lights that come on when the car is braked.
With self-installation, the choice of headlight type is at the discretion of the car owner. The law does not provide for any restrictions or conditions for the PPTF. The headlights can crash into the bumper, in the manner of the front ones, and mounted options can also be used, on special mounts. The main thing is to observe the above features of the installation. When using mounted options, you need to take care of the reliability of fastening.
Some features of operation
In most cases, a housing designed for a halogen or incandescent lamp, marked "H", is used for the rear fog lamp. This suggests that it is forbidden to install another type of lamp, in particular xenon, in them. When installing mounted ZPTFs, it is extremely important to set the correct angle of inclination - the headlight should not blind the drivers behind.
Because the rear end the car is quite heavily polluted during operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the cleanliness of the ZPTF, otherwise the meaning of their inclusion is completely lost, and when driving in conditions of insufficient visibility, the car may simply be unnoticed on the road, which will inevitably lead to an accident. A little about the repair of the ZPTF on the video:
Rear lights
parking lights
Rear parking lights are used to designate a vehicle at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility. In foggy conditions and poor visibility, they are used in conjunction with rear fog lamps. The color of the taillights is red. On cars, a pair is used located on both sides on the same line. In this case, the viewing angles of the emitted light and the sides are normalized. For high Vehicle, for example, buses, it is obligatory to have side lights at the top as close to the edges as possible.
Stop signal necessarily red color turns on when the driver presses the brake pedal. The radiant power of the brake light is higher than that of the side lights. It is necessary to install two brake lights on both sides of the car. IN North America the allowed range of light emission with a single light source is between 80 and 300 cd, in the rest of the world from 60 to 185 cd.
Signal reversing. Reversing lights are used to warn other drivers and pedestrians that the vehicle is reversing. The vehicle must be equipped with at least one white light.
Rear fog lights
At least one red rear fog lamp is required. If there is only one lamp, then it is installed closer to the driver's side relative to the longitudinal axis of the car, the driver's side is selected from the country where it is registered this car. In the case of two lamps, their installation should be symmetrical on the same line. Proponents of a single rear fog light explain their choice to avoid confusion between a light and a brake light. Proponents of a pair of lights point out that the rules require taillights to be at least 10 cm away from the brake lights, which eliminates confusion. Also, a pair of fog lights carries information about the distance to a moving car.
The intensity of the emitted light should be higher than the light of the parking lights, while the scattering angle also increases. On many modern cars independent activation of the front and rear fog lights is available. Unlike front fog lamps, the presence of rear fog lamps separately or in a block lamp is mandatory.
License plate lights carry out the illumination of the sign installed on the rear of the car body in a special niche protected from atmospheric precipitation. The lights are switched on automatically together with the side lights. The backlight color used is white. The use of other colors is prohibited.
4.2 The device of the generator, starter, headlights, lanterns
generator device.
Starter device
headlight device
Lantern device
Arrangement of lamps in sections rear light and license plate light: 1 - direction indicator lamp А12-21-3 (Р21УУ); 2 - reverse light lamp A12-21-3 (R21UU); 3 - lamp side light A12-5 (T5\M); 4 - brake signal lamp A12-21-3 (R21UU); 5- license plate light, lamp A12-5 (T5\M)
5. Design part.
5.1 Purpose of the device
This tool is designed to facilitate the unscrewing of the starter poles.
5.2 Device arrangement
The device for unscrewing the starter poles consists of a lever, a screwdriver, a key and a base, which consists of a bottom plate, a rack, and a prism on which the starter rests,
5.3 Tool operation
The operation of this device is as follows: a starter is placed on the prism at base 1, a screwdriver 3 is installed on lever 2 with axis 5 and the axis is fixed with cotter pin 6, then lever 2 is pressed on the screw on the starter pole and by turning key 4 unscrew it.
5.4 Safety precautions when working with the device.
When working with the device, the following safety precautions must be observed:
· The device should lie on a flat surface, at a height of 1 - 1.5 m from the floor, depending on the person's height.
· The screwdriver must be sharp and in working order.
· All axes must be fixed with cotter pins.
· It is necessary to work with the device in overalls and gloves.
6. Safety in the electrical area.
Maintenance and repair of electrical equipment of vehicles must be carried out only at the posts and relevant sections of repair shops, which should have a first-aid kit with medicines necessary for first aid. medical care. Work on the maintenance of electrical equipment is allowed to workers who have undergone appropriate safety training. When performing work accompanied by the release of harmful gases, dust, sparks, as well as work in which metal particles and chips fly off, it is necessary to use individual means protection (glasses, masks, etc.).
When servicing electrical equipment directly on the vehicle, the following requirements must be met:
control and adjustment work performed with the engine running should be carried out at a post equipped with local exhaust gas suction;
before starting work, fasten the cuffs of the sleeves and check that there are no hanging ends of the clothing, tuck the hair under the headgear to prevent it from twisting in rotating parts (fan blades, generator pulley, etc.);
use a specialized serviceable tool;
when removing massive starters of types CT26, CT103, CT142, etc., use devices that facilitate this operation;
for transportation of massive assembly units of electrical equipment, use trolleys equipped with devices that protect assembly units from falling;
work only with serviceable, clean, unoiled tools;
when working with wrenches, select them according to the size of nuts and bolts;
rusted hard-to-remove bolts and nuts pre-tap light blows hammer, then moisten with kerosene and unscrew;
use hammers, files, scrapers and other tools with securely reinforced handles with a smooth surface that does not have burrs and cracks, use chisels and crosscuts with a length of at least 150 mm;
when inspecting a car, use a portable electric lamp with a voltage of no higher than 36 V, and when working in an inspection ditch - no higher than 12 V. The lamp must have a safety net and a reflector. The use of portable lamps with a voltage of 127 ... 220 V is prohibited.
The safety of work with power tools operating from an electrical network with a voltage of more than 36 V is ensured subject to the following requirements:
Workers who have undergone special training are allowed to work.
The power tool should be issued to the worker only after checking its serviceability; inspection, it is necessary to assess the condition of the insulation of current-carrying wires, pay attention to the places of their withdrawal from the body of the power tool.
Before starting work, wear protective clothing (rubber boots, dielectric rubber gloves) marked with their test. Connecting the tool to the electrical network is only permitted through plug-in connections with a grounding contact.
Even with the slightest impact of current on a person, the power tool must be immediately turned off and handed over for inspection.
It is forbidden to hold the power tool by the power cord or touch the rotating parts of the tool with the sleeve before turning it off.
After finishing work, the power tool must be immediately disconnected from the mains.
All electric motors and equipment of a post or section must be reliably grounded or grounded in accordance with the rules for the construction of electrical installations.
Switches, knife switches for electric motors, stands and other electrical equipment should be located in places that ensure their immediate shutdown.
It is forbidden to use open circuit breakers.
When installing a generator, starter or distributor on a test stand, it should be correctly centered and securely fixed in the clamping devices in order to avoid failure of mechanisms and injury to people.
Fog lights are critical in foggy conditions, increasing visibility, helping to avoid accidents and improving . Unfortunately, if the fog lights are not properly adjusted, they can be extremely dangerous for both you and other drivers who will be blinded by the glare.
Properly setting foglights is the most important goal for installing them and. If the indicators are not properly directed, they will not achieve optimal functions.
purpose
PTFs produce a wide, low-lying beam of light that helps the driver see the road during any severe weather conditions. In contrast to the dipped beam headlights shining PTF light closer to the ground, which prevents reflection from fog, rain and snow.
Fog lights are usually located under the car. They come in various shapes, and their wide beams of light have a sharp cut at the top.
Set fog lights low. They can be yellow or white.
Functions
Before starting such a process as fog lights, find out their purpose and function, select the color of the beam.
PTFs are designed for the most efficient use on low speeds. They provide increased light directed to the road surface in difficult conditions. weather phenomena or the conditions of motion which produces to .
The most useful fog lights will be in rain, snow or fog. They are often used in place of low beam headlights as they cut down on glare caused by falling snow or fog.
Beam color
Fog lights can be in several colors. Bulbs made from tungsten - halogen lamps work better for illuminating the ground at short distances. These bulbs are yellow, blue, orange or with a white tint. Yellow lights are the most useful and safe. Some fog lights use a blue tint that can absorb light from. White tinted bulbs that are close to daylight are also a good option for PTF. Sometimes fog lights can have a green tint.
The best bulbs for car fog lights are sources with white or selective yellow light.
White light
White light in fog lamps, which are made using xenon gas, they are strong and durable. In addition, they are significantly brighter than their halogen counterparts. , they do not create blue waves that cause glare.
Selective yellow light
Selective yellow light bulbs improve visibility during inclement weather by reducing the short wavelengths emitted by blue light.
Coating for lamps with selective yellow light
If you want to improve these lamps, you can buy a special coating that limits the amount of blue light emitted.
Power
You can install foglights with different power, beam intensity, and beam width. best type PTF emits a dim but wide beam, because their light is designed to illuminate the area directly.
Correct installation
Adjustment of fog lamps and all reflectors must be carried out and, if necessary, corrected at least once every six months or after every 20 thousand km.
Fog lights work better when installed on (for all-wheel drive SUVs) or (25 to 60 cm above the road surface, not above regular lamps) or anywhere below the center of the headlamp where their beam will be slightly less than from low beam sources.
Setting the fog lights is their vertical change. Fog lights should be placed closer together than regular headlamps (approximately 50 to 65 cm) and directed so that the cut-off lines of the beams are in the middle of the dipped beam.
The video shows the connection of fog lights:
Light output requirements
According to UNECE Regulations and Russian traffic rules fog light beam must:
- have a special light distribution, be wide and flat;
- form a scattering beam up to 70 °;
- have a clear upper limit;
- form an increased angle of inclination downward.
Ways to adjust the lights
There are two issues to consider when installing and adjusting fog lights. First, minimize the amount of glare that is returned. Secondly, reduce the glare in the eyes of the oncoming driver.
Before setting up fog lights, you need to:
- look for a white screen (can be replaced by a bright building wall or fence);
- find at least 15 meters of free space in front of the screen on a horizontal surface;
- wait for darkness and preferably make all settings in an unlit area;
- to study such a thing as an adjustment scheme;
- stock up on a screwdriver with a Phillips blade;
- check the headlights for defects and ability to function normally.
Preparing the car for adjustment
Before setting up fog lights, prepare your car:
- Make sure the machine has at least a half full tank of fuel or more.
- Any setting of fog lights is carried out on an equipped car with ordinary news in the trunk (about 70 kg).
- Check it should be at the manufacturer's recommended level.
- A person who can adjust the fog lights must be seated in the driver's seat and be of the same weight class as the driver.
After that, it should be on a flat surface, 5–10 m from a smooth wall or screen.
Adjustment scheme
The fog lamp adjustment scheme is, in principle, simple. It consists in setting the vertical and horizontal angles of their position.
Main measurements:
- The distance between the center of the fog lamp and the ground.
- A horizontal mark on the wall at the same height.
- Turn on the low beam headlights and make a mark on the wall with the center of the two beams.
- Turn off low beams and turn on foglights.
- When installing the car at a distance of 5 meters from the wall, the upper limit of the fog lamp beam should be 10 centimeters below their height from ground level. Fog lights are installed strictly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car - they should not deviate either to the right or to the left.
- The distance obtained between the centers of the light beams should be 1200 mm.
- Draw a line on the screen with chalk dividing the car into two identical halves.
- Draw a line that is 5 cm below the first.
- Measure the distance from the fog light to the ground and from the bulb to the center of the car.
- The resulting intersection of two lines is the center of the fog lights.
Fog light adjustment
Precise adjustment of the light of fog lamps, where mechanics use a special device, a regloscope, which has an optical measuring unit.
At home, PTF can be adjusted with a screwdriver and an adjustment chart. By the way, the foglights are adjusted only in height. After establishing the center of the light beam, it is necessary to turn the adjusting screw with a screwdriver so as to achieve the required focus. Take care of the safety of driving during severe weather conditions yourself.
Adverse weather have a negative impact on safety. traffic. They impair visibility and limit the driver's view, preventing him from correctly and timely assessing traffic situation. Important role in ensuring safety in conditions of poor visibility, the optical lighting system of the car plays.
This car has xenon headlights.
Why does a car need fog lights?
Lighting headlights, marker lights and warning brake lights that make up the optical system perform their specific functions of detecting cars on the roads and driving a car in dark time days. In addition to them, fog lights are also installed on many cars. The right choice and installation will allow you to use them not only in fog, but also in other situations. About what these headlights should be, how to use them for their intended purpose, how they differ from ordinary ones lighting fixtures, not everyone knows.
Most drivers are convinced that these headlights should only have yellow lenses or filters, although the Rules stipulate that fog lamp filters can be painted white or yellow. They are of the opinion that yellow light travels further in the fog than ordinary light. In fact, the color has little effect on the range of propagation of light in the fog.
In fog lights, the main role is played by the correct direction luminous flux. The headlight forms a wide in the horizontal plane and narrow in the vertical plane light flux, which is located low above the road surface and directed along it. It is known that fog rarely reaches the ground. Therefore, it turns out that the fog is, as it were, illuminated by headlights from below.
At the same time, the road is illuminated, and the rest of the space is hidden in the shadow of fog. Thus, the fight against fog is carried out due to the special distribution of the light flux. Yellow and white light have the maximum intensity of light energy in their spectrum, in comparison with which the energy density in red, green, blue, violet light is much less.
Even the most correctly set fog lights give visibility of the road in the fog no further than ten meters. But this is quite enough, since in the fog cars move at ultra-low speeds. The advantage of these headlights over conventional headlights is that they also illuminate the side of the road, allowing you to see the side line markings on the roads.
You can turn them on while driving along with the marker lights. Some drivers install a red light at the back, which burns brighter than the brake light and side lights, and allows the driver behind the moving vehicle to notice the car in the fog earlier. This lamp is the same as high beam conventional headlights, should be turned on regardless of the time of day if fog has fallen on the road.
Rear red fog lights
Fog lights can be used with benefit for traffic safety not only in foggy conditions, but also under normal conditions at night. For example, they are extremely useful in the dark on narrow mountain serpentines and winding forest roads, when you need to constantly control the side of the road. On such roads, it is recommended to turn on the “foglights” paired with the dipped beam of the main headlights. This improves the visibility of the road and the roadside. Proper use of the lights on the vehicle will allow you to confidently navigate in difficult weather conditions.
Installation of fog lights
Proper installation of headlights has a decisive influence on the effectiveness of their intended use. They are mounted on the bottom front bumper, at a height of at least 25 cm from the roadbed. The number of headlights should be two - one on each side at the same distance from the edges of the car (no further than 40 cm from the continuation outside diffuser). The optimal distance between the fog lamps is 120 cm.
Due to the fact that the luminous flux of the fog lamps is clearly limited along the upper edge, the light from them does not fall on the microscopic droplets of fog in front of the driver's eyes and is not reflected from them, creating an impenetrable white wall of light, as is the case with the main headlights.
Something else useful for you:
How to choose "fog"
- By color. Glass on fog lamps must be milky or yellow color. Optical beams of this spectrum are well scattered in a foggy environment. When purchasing headlights with red or blue glasses, you risk running into a fine from the traffic police inspectors, since they cannot be installed in front of the car. One thing to keep in mind regarding the use of lamps is that in headlights with a yellow filter it is better to use white light lamps, and in headlights with a white filter it is better to use yellow light lamps.
- By marking. When choosing a headlight, pay attention to its marking, in which the presence of the letter “E” with one or two numbers in a circle means that it is certified by one of European countries(numbers indicate code European state). This symbol is followed by a letter of the Latin alphabet, indicating the type and purpose of the headlight. For fog lamps, the letter "B" is selected. As a light source, halogen lamps of categories H1, H3 with a single filament and a power consumption of not more than 60 W are mainly used, which form a luminous flux with a wide emission spectrum.
Video: Fog lights + Daytime running lights Angel eyes on a Chevrolet Sonic
Types of fog lights
Currently, three types of headlights used in fog are popular among motorists:
- LED fog lights are the most popular and economical type of headlights with low power consumption and long term services. advantage LED headlights is also wide choose emission colors, high brightness of the luminous flux and low heating of the headlights.
- Xenon headlights - the most popular type among owners expensive brands auto. The emitted light of these headlights is as close as possible to sunlight, which provides good fog penetration and reduces the physical strain on the driver's eyes. Compared to conventional headlights, they have increased resource, more high efficiency, consume less electricity.
- Halogen fog lights - in many ways technical indicators inferior to their competitors, but continue to be in high demand among motorists, due to their low cost compared to more fashionable types of foglights.
