When a car engine is running, its fuel system is constantly exposed to the risk of deposition of contaminants on its elements (injectors, fuel lines, pressure regulator, intake valves, fuel rail). All these dangers are primarily contained in the fuel, of course, the quality of the fuel has recently risen, but foreign analogues still far. By the way in good fuel contains additives that prevent the accumulation of contaminants in the fuel system and clean the engine combustion chamber.
Why are the injectors not working?
Nowadays nozzles are made with a tolerance of 1 micron, which allows them to carry out about a billion cycles. The main reason, by which their performance is impaired, is pollution during work, despite the fact that the path to any mechanical particles is blocked by filters that screen out particles larger than 10-20 microns. The place where the filters are installed is the fuel line and the nozzle itself. The main cause of pollution is the inevitable presence of heavy particles in the fuel. The greatest accumulation of dirt occurs after the engine is turned off. At this point, due to the fact that the nozzle is heated by the engine, the temperature of its body rises, while there is no cooling effect of the fuel. Light particles of fuel in the nozzle evaporate, while heavy particles settle like varnish deposits that reduce the cross section in the calibrated channel. For example, deposits with a thickness of 5 microns can reduce the throughput of a given channel by about 25%. Dirty holes in the nozzles prevent the formation fuel mixture, the shut-off valve of the pressure regulator loses its tightness, and fuel pump increased pressure in diesel engines reduces the productivity of their work.
Signs of bad fuel injectors
The main signs of injector clogging are difficulty starting the engine; interruptions in the operation of the engine at idle and transient mode; dips when the gas pedal is pressed too sharply; engine power is lost and acceleration dynamics deteriorates; increases fuel consumption; increased toxicity of exhaust gases; detonation that occurs during engine acceleration due to an increase in temperature in the combustion chamber; misfire; pops of the exhaust system; , as well as failure catalytic converter. When the frosty season comes, problems with nozzles are especially noticeable - cold engine rarely starts right up.
There are two ways to clean fuel injectors:
- Cleaning injectors without removing them from the engine.
- Cleaning on an ultrasonic rack with preliminary dismantling of nozzles.
Second way cleaning much more efficient than flushing without dismantling, but in the first method, other parts are also cleaned systems such as a ramp, shut-off and inlet valves, high pressure pump, etc. The cost of cleaning depends largely on the engine itself, and is $ 10-30 per nozzle. For some domestic cars and foreign cars economically better to install new ones nozzles than to clean the old ones.
How to flush nozzles
It has been proven that the regular use of high-quality chemistry every 5000 kilometers, which is poured into the fuel tank to flush the fuel system and remove carbon deposits, provides a long smooth operation nozzles and the fuel system as a whole, but this is true only for new cars and with regular use, and when signs of malfunction already appear, then a direct road to a car service.
Today, inexpensive single-circuit installations are widely used in car services, which are containers containing solvent, located on a mobile rack next to the engine or under the hood of a car. The working principle of this single-circuit installation is as follows.
A pressure hose is attached to the fuel rail at the inlet. A solvent that serves both as a cleanser and fuel, comes from the tank through the increase in pressure, which creates air compressor attached to the solvent container. Minus its lies in the fact that the cleansing liquid bypass pressure regulator, thereby not cleaning its check valve and very superficially flushing the fuel rail. Moreover there is no way to check the result of washing using diagnostics, it is completely absent on installations of this class. It is also not uncommon to use solvents of dubious origin. with very low cleaning power. This is done in order to minimize costs and maximize profits. We can cite as an example the case when employees of a well-known service station flushed nozzles using the most ordinary gasoline, passing it off as a special cleaning liquid. High Quality. Naturally, no benefit was observed from this purification.
Optimal use of a two-circuit cleaning system, which, unlike a primitive tank with a special cleaning liquid, is highly professional equipment. The practical application of this two-circuit stand guarantees high-quality cleaning of any engine.
This stand has its own pump which provides special liquid supply(solvent) under pressure directly into the fuel rail, and its excess passes through the pressure regulators on the way back to the plant tank. This scheme contributes to the most effective cleaning of all parts of the engine, i.e. not only injectors, but also a pressure regulator and a fuel rail. Moreover, in the electromechanical injection system, the dispenser-distributor is cleaned. By means of a solvent effectively removed deposits and contamination of the intake valves in the engine, which impede the movement of the fuel mixture, as well as deposits and deposits on the pistons and combustion chamber. On engines using diesel, there is an effective flushing of the injection pump (high pressure fuel pump), due to the fact that the cleaning fluid flows directly to the intake of the injection pump.
Flushing the fuel system as a whole
It is recommended to flush the fuel system every 15-20 thousand kilometers, and in most cases the problems described above simply will not arise. For diesel engines who work with domestic diesel fuel(diesel fuel, which contains about 2% sulfur), the mileage from flushing to flushing is 10 thousand kilometers.
Society asks a very relevant question - what about washing? Cleansing liquids are produced by many manufacturers. After conducting many tests and experiments, Russian products, for example, "Moydodyr" or "Toilet Duck", unfortunately, cannot boast of quality. More or less high-quality solvents, according to some experimental firms, are produced by Germany (LIQUI MOLY), Belgium (WYNN * S), USA (HI-GEAR). According to the result of independent tests carried out by Inomotor, the cleaning liquid of the American company CARBON CLEAN is the best. This solvent, in its ability to remove old deposits and cleansing properties, turned out to be 25% better than other solvents and copes with its task.
After that, how the installation will complete its work, the cleaning procedure is recommended to continue by driving 10 km in forced mode, while temperature and pressure serve as a catalyst, i.e. during movement, sludge softened by solvent in the fuel system, combustion chamber, intake valves and bottoms is removed piston group. After flushing is done, it is strongly advised to change the oil filter and oil in the engine, due to the fact that a small amount of special cleaning fluid still gets into oil system, although this cannot harm the engine, since the concentration of a special fluid that has entered the oil is extremely small and is not capable of changing the chemical properties of the oil. But nonetheless, flushing in the fuel system is recommended to be carried out together with a scheduled oil change
. In our country, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to find a station where they remember the oil themselves when cleaning nozzles, and not at the suggestion of the car owner.
Flushing valves and combustion chamber
At the end of the above procedures, it is recommended, in order to increase the cleaning result, to pour liquid into the fuel tank designed to clean the valves, which will destroy carbon deposits on the intake valves and the combustion chamber during six working hours of the engine, although you need to be more careful, who knows what you have has grown in the engine (and if you drove constantly in tightness and only at low speeds, then carbon deposits, for example, on the piston bottom can reach several millimeters) and how it will start to fly off when using a cleaner.
Now you can relax ... until the next cleaning of the engine. We strongly advise you to read this article again after ten or twenty thousand kilometers. And then you will forget about problems with the engine!
Savings incline many motorists to purchase a car with a diesel power unit. But new diesel power systems can ruin all the advantage because of their high cost, because new nozzles cost a lot.
Manufacturers claim that the nozzle is designed for 100-150 thousand kilometers. But in fact, they can work even more, but then you need to be vigilant so as not to miss the moment the nozzle breaks.
Why do injectors break?
As soon as the engine begins to develop insufficient power, dips and jerks appear with an increase in the load on the motor, and at low speeds the operation of the power unit becomes unstable, you should immediately think about a trip to a service station for repairs or to a car shop to buy new nozzles.
Most often, nozzles break due to various kinds of pollution. Since these parts are constantly exposed to high temperatures, coking of the resins contained in the fuel occurs on the nozzle. These hard deposits can block the spray holes, which can compromise the tightness of the needle valve. This can cause even quality Denso injectors to mis-spray or even pour. A clogged fuel supply system can cause other parts of the injector, such as passages or filter, to become clogged. Most often, injector repair common rail produced by ultrasonic cleaning.
The first signs of a pouring nozzle
A pouring nozzle is a nozzle that does not atomize fuel well or simply pours it into the combustion chamber in a trickle. What are the signs that the injector is malfunctioning? First of all, you can feel twitches at idle or under light load modes. When the engine warms up a little, the twitching will decrease, because in a warm engine the fuel evaporates much better, even if the spray is disturbed.
If the car does not start on the first try, but only on the second or third, and before that it always started normally even with a similar temperature outside, then this is also a sign of a pouring nozzle. The thing is that if the nozzle is pouring, it passes fuel even when the engine is not running. In this regard, the pressure drops very much in the ramp. And due to the fact that the fuel pump only works for a few seconds during start-up, and then turns off at the software level, this is not enough to have the necessary pressure in the fuel rail. That is why the engine has to be started several times in order for the pressure to equalize to the required mark.
In addition, if at least one of the nozzles is pouring, then this greatly impoverishes air-fuel mixture. As you know, such a mixture burns much worse and is more prone to detonation. This can be noticed by the knock sensor, and many motorists simply do not pay attention to it, mistakenly believing that it is the sensor itself that is broken.
Sometimes there is a flash in the engine when the starter has not yet worked. This is also one of the signs that fuel is leaking from the injectors. This pop most often means exactly that the idle spark from the ignition ignited the leaked fuel.
How to determine that the nozzle is pouring?
If at least one of the nozzles is pouring, then the insulator is heavily smoked near the cylinder candle with a broken part. You can check how the exhaust manifold pipes warm up. The cylinder on which the pouring nozzle is installed will heat up the nozzle much more slowly.
Checking the injectors can be done in another way. It is necessary to forcibly turn on the fuel pump (by shorting the contacts or simply by applying voltage to it). After that, you need to get a ramp with nozzles and see if they are leaking or not. In addition, you can connect minus and plus to each nozzle in turn, in order to immediately make sure that the spray is correct.
But to identify among others the nozzle that delivers lean mixture, at home is quite difficult. When checking the nozzles, you need to substitute the same containers under each one (beakers, flasks, etc.). The most important thing is not to spill fuel from these containers. After that, it is necessary to force each of them to start, applying voltage to them at the same interval. Then you need to look at the difference in the atomized fuel between the nozzles. The difference should not exceed ten percent. The measurement is easiest to check with a medical syringe. If the difference is greater, then it is necessary to repair the Common Rail injectors or purchase new ones.
If the nozzle starts to pour, then do not despair. Even high-quality Denso nozzles after 150 thousand kilometers can begin to leak. You just need to determine it in time and take the car to the service station.
1. From the history of the creation of injectors.
In 1951, the first fuel injection system was used for the first time in the automotive industry. The West German company Bosch was first equipped with a mechanical system direct injection gasoline two-stroke engine. It was installed on a minicompact coupe "of the company Goliath from Bremen.
In 1954 appeared Mercedes-Benz 300SL- legendary coupe "Gull Wing" the engine of which was equipped with a similar Bosch mechanical injection system.
However, before the era of the appearance of cheap microprocessors and the introduction in Western countries of stringent requirements for environmental safety car idea injector injection did not enjoy popularity, and only from the end of the 1970s did all the world's leading automakers take up their mass introduction.
First production model electronically controlled petrol injection became sedan Rambler Rebel ("Rebel") 1957 model year, which was produced by Nash, which was part of the AMC concern as a division.
The lower shaft V-shaped "eight" Rebel with a volume of 5.4 liters in the carburetor version developed 255 hp, and in the custom version of the Electrojector it was already 290 hp. Acceleration to 100 km / h in such a sedan took less than 8 seconds.
By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, systems of distributed and direct electronic injection virtually replaced carburetors in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. Cars equipped with modern fuel injection systems have a lot of advantages over carburetor engines: lower fuel consumption, no problems with cold start and engine warm-up, no need to adjust fuel supply and ignition systems.
According to experts, the procedure for cleaning injectors should be carried out
every 20 - 30 thousand km. But the practice of operating and maintaining modern engines equipped with an injection fuel system shows that when the fuel does not meet the standards adopted in developed countries, fuel lines, injectors, fuel pressure regulators and other elements of the injection engine system require preventive cleaning approximately every 10-15 thousand kilometers. .
How to clean injection systems can be found on the website www.rat-auto.ru . 2. Overview of types of injectors for gasoline engines.
Currently, there are several types of fuel systems for engines of passenger cars and light SUVs. These systems are controlled by electronic controllers using one or more injectors that open and close with a solenoid.
The number of injectors is different, depending on the design of the system and (or) the number of cylinders. There can be only one injector to dispense fuel to all cylinders, or one injector for each cylinder.
In a pulse injection system, the injectors open and close at precise and regular intervals, measured in milliseconds (ms). The pulse system doses the amount of fuel by changing the pulse time of the open state of the injector. Injectors (nozzles) are opened and closed with the help of solenoids, the windings of which are energized and de-energized for a certain time.
Some engines use timed injection system(phased injection into the intake channels). In a timed injection system, there is an injector for each cylinder of the engine, the injector is controlled in the same way as in the MFI system. However, the injector only doses fuel when the inlet valve of each cylinder is open.
Such a system is called sequential. distributed system fuel injection (SFI).
Both systems meter the atomized fuel into either the intake manifold or the cylinder intake port.
Throttle body injection (TBI) - central fuel injection.
In the TBI system, fuel is dosed by one or two injectors into the corresponding throttle channel and delivered to the engine cylinders through the intake manifold.
The injector control pulses are activated at regular intervals, usually according to the ignition order of the engine, by the electronic engine control module (ECM).
Fuel injection is not synchronized to the engine intake valve opening time. In a twin TBI system, the injectors pulse alternately.
Since fuel atomization is independent of the amount of vacuum during intake manifold, TBI has many advantages over carbureted systems:
- Fuel is atomized more efficiently during cold starts and engine warm-ups.
- Adjustment of the richness of the fuel mixture is more accurate during cold starts, depending on the temperature of the engine and ambient temperature.
- The enrichment of the mixture is kept to the minimum required for a cold start.
- The only mechanism in the TBI is the throttle.
- The air-fuel mixture is optimal in all operating modes of the engine.
- Fuel metering is precisely controlled, so fuel economy is improved and harmful emissions are reduced.
Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) - multiport fuel injection.
The port injection system uses one injector for each cylinder in the engine. There are exceptions, for example, the Corvette ZR1's LT5 V8 engine has two injectors per cylinder.
In the MFI system, fuel is sprayed into the intake manifold converging pipe, at a distance of 7 to 10 centimeters from the intake valve. MFI systems, with a few exceptions, use the same pulse signal as TBI systems to control injectors.
The control pulses of the injectors are synchronized with the ignition sequence of the engine. Exceptions - Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection systems that use camshaft and/or crankshaft position sensor signals in addition to ignition system signals. As a result of using an individual injector for each cylinder, MFI provides additional advantages over the TBI system.
The motor torque is increased as a result of:
- The flow of air supplied to the cylinders is denser.
- The air-fuel mixture has more low temperature. This increases the filling of the engine cylinders and eliminates early evaporation of the fuel.
- Improved and optimal mixture formation
- Elimination of problems of condensation and runoff of fuel along the walls of the intake manifold
- As a result of the lean mode, fuel is saved during engine warm-up.
- The ventilation of the engine cylinders is improved, since there is no residue of atomized fuel in the intake manifold.
- Full engine operation at lean air-fuel mixture.
- More precise control of atomized fuel flow.
Central Multiport Fuel Injection (CMFI) - Distributed injection with a central injector.
A separate form of MFI is the Central Multiport Fuel Injector. This injection system is used for example on the 4.3-litre V6 engine of the L35 Chevrolet Blazer.
Instead of separate injectors for each cylinder, a central injector delivers pressurized fuel to a port valve in each cylinder.
This system is an economical way to provide multiport fuel injection with a single injector.
Attention! Help for the diagnostician.
Reference books and other technical literature are offered to your attention. You will have useful information with which you can determine the causes of malfunctions and errors in the operation of components and assemblies of your car.
Content in Russian.
Format - e-books. 2. Signs of dirty injectors.
During the operation of the engine, the elements of its fuel system - injectors (nozzles), fuel lines, fuel rail, pressure regulator, engine exhaust valves gradually deposit contaminants found in any gasoline, regardless of its quality.
For example, on an injector nozzle, deposits build up mainly within a few minutes after the engine is stopped while it is hot. This happens due to the fact that the light fractions of gasoline evaporate, and the heavy ones form a layer of solid deposits, which increase over time to such an extent that they impair performance, and later disable the injectors (injectors) themselves.
Dirty atomizers (nozzles) worsen the formation of the fuel-air mixture, and the tightness of the shut-off valve in the pressure regulator is broken.
It's no secret that the quality of our domestic fuel leaves much to be desired. A variety of impurities are introduced into the composition of gasolines that increase the octane number, sulfur compounds, benzene, olefin, dirt, water, etc. Some gasoline sellers do not hesitate to dilute gasoline with gas condensate.
During the combustion of gasoline, especially low-quality gasoline, a large amount of resinous deposits, which are abundantly deposited in the fuel lines, the fuel rail, inside and outside the injectors. Deposits on the injectors are black-brown lacquer crust and slag build-up, which are difficult to clean and do not dissolve in gasoline.
Signs of contaminated injectors are on almost all models modern cars same picture:
- unstable idling of the car: the engine "troit", they say that it works like an "old diesel engine";
- difficult starting of the engine: the engine starts from the second or third time, idle speed is difficult to stabilize;
- failure with a sharp press on the accelerator pedal, uncomfortable driving;
- worsening of the car's acceleration and loss of power: a car with automatic transmission tightens lower gears, picks up speed sluggishly, pops are heard in the exhaust system;
- misfiring of the fuel mixture: twitching during acceleration, there are error codes for the loss of sparking (misfire), accompanied by failure of the spark plugs, in/out wires, ignition coils;
- failure of oxygen sensors (O2 sensors) and catalytic converter: resource reduction due to elevated temperature exhaust gases and a large number of unburned components that are deposited in the exhaust tract;
- ever-increasing fuel consumption: since injector fouling is a gradual process, the driver usually does not notice it immediately.
I stage occurs at runs of 10-30 thousand km: loss of power and uncomfortable driving (sluggish acceleration, dips during acceleration, increased consumption fuel, incorrect gearshift mode in an automatic transmission with electronic control, the presence of error codes in the engine control unit related to the operation of the ignition system, oxygen sensors, etc.).
II stage starts from 30 thousand km: against the background of a sharp loss of power, damage occurs to the nodes of the high-voltage part of the ignition system (small candle life, "breakdown" high voltage wires, failure of ignition coils), the engine starts with difficulty (and sometimes refuses to start at all) at low temperatures.
Soot and slag deposits accumulate on the plates of gas distribution valves, in combustion chambers, and engine pistons. Due to the inefficient mode of combustion of the air-fuel mixture, soot and slag deposits accumulate on oxygen sensors and in the catalyst of the engine exhaust system. The oxygen sensor fails without having worked out the required resource, the catalyst overheats and begins to collapse.
III stage always occurs if measures are not taken to eliminate the consequences of damage in stages I and II: overheating and damage to the exhaust valves, "deposition" piston rings, as a result of this, a sharp wear of the cylinders and, as a result, a major overhaul of the engine. 4. Why injectors fail.
The injector is a complex high-precision mechanism, designed for more than 1 billion actuation cycles. But this is only true under ideal laboratory conditions.
Depending on the manufacturing companies (we will not advertise some and belittle others in this article), injectors have a different resource full-fledged work and resistance to the aggressive effects of impurities in the fuel.
For example:
- If water is present in the fuel, then the injector valve made of low-quality steel will corrode, especially when the vehicle is idle for a long time. Consequences - unstable fuel dosing, fuel leakage, violation of the shape and direction of the atomized fuel jet, irreversible damage to the injector valve;
- If there are fine particulate matter in the fuel that passes through the filter fine cleaning(rust, fine sand, some powdered additives to increase octane number etc.), the valve is subjected to abrasion. Imagine, thousands of liters of polluted fuel under pressure from 2 to 8 atmospheres pass through a dispensing hole in fractions of a millimeter. As a result, the geometry of the metering hole (nozzle) is distorted, the shape of the fuel jet is disturbed, and the injector performance is unstable.
- The presence of polymer particles in the fuel (it is not a secret that fuel trucks of some gas stations are sometimes used to transport liquid polymers, then fuel is poured into them without washing to petrol stations). So these additives get into the gas tanks of our cars. Here, the ability of the material of the injector and its filter to resist the adhesion (adhesion) of polymer particles comes to the fore. With low resistance, the life of the injector drops sharply, since polymer particles are difficult to dissolve even in modern detergent compositions of fuel system injector cleaning devices.
Of course, such situations occur quite rarely (after all, you need to try, for example, for years to stubbornly refuel exclusively with dirty gasoline from a rusty barrel), but in our practice we have met, and more than once.
Engine injectors from well-known manufacturers are very reliable and wear-resistant. The resource of injectors is designed for almost the entire period of reasonable operation of the car, that is, 200-300 thousand kilometers.
Basically, irreversible damage to injectors occurs due to carelessness in maintenance (he poked around the inlet with an awl and tore the thinnest nylon filter), incompetence (checked whether the injector is running on battery power, and the injector solenoid winding is designed for lower voltage), etc.
There are cases of failure of the injector solenoid when damaged electronic key in the engine control unit, there is also a factory defect - a break in the solenoid winding, an inoperative shutter valve of the injector, etc. 5. Prevention, diagnostics and maintenance of injectors.
The main reason for the poor and unstable operation of engine injectors (if you do not take into account incompetent intervention and factory defects) is only the quality of the fuel used. Neither the driving style nor the mode of operation of the car can affect the life of the fuel injectors.
In the process of pollution from low-quality fuel, the following technical parameters of injectors deteriorate:
- fuel atomization quality: flame cone shape and size of atomized gasoline particles;
- throughput of injectors: unstable dosing of fuel volumes (for each cycle of operation) necessary to ensure a normal air-fuel mixture;
- violation of the tightness of the shutter valve of the injector: fuel leakage through the nozzles in the closed state of the valve.
The procedure for cleaning injectors is recommended every 20 - 25 thousand km, subject to the use of more or less high-quality gasoline ( get acquainted with the black list of gas stations in Moscow selling bad gasoline you can visit www.goodfuel.ru). It is much cheaper than replacing a dirty injector with a new one and paying for an engine overhaul in the future, which, as always, will take you by surprise.
Even if you are not satisfied with the operation of the engine after the standard cleaning procedure, you should not rush to change the injectors, this is a fairly reliable mechanism. Check it out, consult an experienced specialist.
Know that the cost of diagnostics is always less than the replacement of all "suspicious" engine parts and assemblies in a row. Our car service "RAT Auto" is always ready to help deal with any malfunctions of the fuel system of your car engine from preventive cleaning of the fuel system and measuring fuel pressure, to checking the control of injectors and in-depth engine diagnostics.
The engine uses a separate injector for each cylinder.
The central injector delivers pressurized fuel to a port valve in each cylinder.
When a car engine is running, its fuel system is constantly exposed to the risk of deposition of contaminants on its elements (injectors, fuel lines, pressure regulator, intake valves, fuel rail). All these dangers are primarily contained in the fuel, of course, the quality of the fuel has recently risen, but it is still far from foreign analogues. By the way, good fuel contains additives that do not allow contaminants to accumulate in the fuel system and clean the engine combustion chamber.
Why don't they work?
Nowadays nozzles are made with a tolerance of 1 micron, which allows them to carry out about a billion cycles. The main reason why their performance is impaired is contamination during operation, despite the fact that the path to any mechanical particles is blocked by filters that screen out particles larger than 10-20 microns. The place where the filters are installed is the fuel line and the nozzle itself. The main cause of pollution is the inevitable presence of heavy particles in the fuel. The greatest accumulation of dirt occurs after the engine is turned off. At this point, due to the fact that the nozzle is heated by the engine, the temperature of its body rises, while there is no cooling effect of the fuel. Light particles of fuel in the nozzle evaporate, while heavy particles settle like varnish deposits that reduce the cross section in the calibrated channel. For example, deposits with a thickness of 5 microns can reduce the throughput of a given channel by about 25%. Contamination of the holes in the nozzles prevents the formation of a fuel mixture, the shut-off valve of the pressure regulator loses its tightness, and the high-pressure fuel pump in diesel engines reduces its performance.
Signs of bad fuel injectors
The main signs of injector clogging are difficulty starting the engine; interruptions in the operation of the engine at idle and transient mode; dips when the gas pedal is pressed too sharply; engine power is lost and acceleration dynamics deteriorates; fuel consumption increases; increased toxicity of exhaust gases; detonation that occurs during engine acceleration due to an increase in temperature in the combustion chamber; misfire; pops of the exhaust system; failure of the sensor that determines the level of oxygen, as well as the failure of the catalytic converter. When the frosty season comes, problems with nozzles are especially noticeable - a cold engine rarely starts normally.
There are two ways to clean fuel injectors:
- Cleaning injectors without removing them from the engine.
- Cleaning on an ultrasonic rack with preliminary dismantling of nozzles.
The second cleaning method is much more effective than flushing without dismantling, but the first method also cleans other parts of the system, such as a rail, shut-off and inlet valves, high pressure pump, etc. The cost of cleaning depends largely on the engine itself, and is $10-30 per nozzle. For some domestic cars and foreign cars, it is more economical to install new injectors than to clean old ones.
How to rinse
It has been proven that the regular use of high-quality chemistry every 5000 kilometers, which is poured into the fuel tank to flush the fuel system and remove carbon deposits, ensures long-term uninterrupted operation of the injectors and the fuel system as a whole, but this is true only for new cars and with regular use, and when there are already signs of a malfunction, then a direct road to a car service.
Today, inexpensive single-circuit installations are widely used in car services, which are containers containing solvent, located on a mobile rack next to the engine or under the hood of a car. The working principle of this single-circuit installation is as follows.
A pressure hose is attached to the fuel rail at the inlet. The solvent, which serves as both a cleaning agent and a fuel, is drawn from the tank by pressurization by an air compressor connected to the solvent tank. Its disadvantage is that the cleaning fluid bypasses the pressure regulator, thereby not cleaning its shut-off valve and washing the fuel rail very superficially. Moreover, there is no way to check the result of flushing using diagnostics; it is completely absent on installations of this class. It is also not uncommon to use solvents of dubious origin with very low cleaning abilities. This is done in order to minimize costs and maximize profits. We can cite as an example the case when employees of a well-known service station flushed nozzles using the most ordinary gasoline, passing it off as a special high-quality cleaning fluid. Naturally, no benefit was observed from this purification.
It is optimal to use a dual-circuit cleaning system, which, unlike a primitive tank with a special cleaning liquid, is highly professional equipment. The practical application of this two-circuit stand guarantees high-quality cleaning of any engine.
Such a stand has its own pump that supplies a special liquid (solvent) under pressure directly to the fuel rail, and its excess passes through the pressure regulators on the way back to the installation tank. This scheme contributes to the most effective cleaning of all parts of the engine, i.e. not only injectors, but also a pressure regulator and a fuel rail. Moreover, in the electromechanical injection system, the dispenser-distributor is cleaned. By means of a solvent, deposits and contamination of the intake valves in the engine are effectively removed, which impede the movement of the fuel mixture, as well as deposits and deposits on the pistons and the combustion chamber. On engines using diesel, there is an effective flushing of the injection pump (high pressure fuel pump), due to the fact that the cleaning fluid flows directly to the intake of the injection pump.
So that there are no problems!
It is recommended to flush the fuel system every 15-20 thousand kilometers, and in most cases the problems described above simply will not arise. For diesel engines that work with domestic diesel fuel (diesel fuel, sulfur, which contains about 2%), the mileage from flushing to flushing is 10 thousand kilometers.
Society asks a very topical question - what to wash with? Cleansing liquids are produced by many manufacturers. After conducting many tests and experiments, Russian products, for example, "Moydodyr" or "Toilet Duck", unfortunately, cannot boast of quality. More or less high-quality solvents, according to some experimental firms, are produced by Germany (LIQUI MOLY), Belgium (WYNN * S), USA (HI-GEAR). According to the result of independent tests carried out by Inomotor, the cleaning liquid of the American company CARBON CLEAN is the best. This solvent, in its ability to remove old deposits and cleansing properties, turned out to be 25% better than other solvents and copes with its task.
After the installation has completed its work, it is recommended to continue the cleaning procedure by driving 10 km in forced mode, while temperature and pressure serve as a catalyst, i.e. during the movement, the sludge softened by the solvent in the fuel system, the combustion chamber, from the intake valves and the bottoms of the piston group is removed. After flushing is done, it is strongly advised to change the oil filter and engine oil, due to the fact that a small amount of special cleaning fluid still enters the oil system, although this cannot harm the engine, since the concentration of special fluid , which got into the oil, is extremely small, and is not able to change the chemical properties of the oil. But, nevertheless, flushing in the fuel system is recommended to be carried out together with a scheduled oil change. In our country, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to find a station where they remember the oil themselves when cleaning nozzles, and not at the suggestion of the car owner.
After procedures
At the end of the above procedures, it is recommended, in order to increase the cleaning result, to pour liquid into the fuel tank designed to clean the valves, which will destroy carbon deposits on the intake valves and the combustion chamber during six working hours of the engine, although you need to be more careful, who knows what you have has grown in the engine (and if you drove constantly in tightness and only at low speeds, then carbon deposits, for example, on the piston bottom can reach several millimeters) and how it will start to fly off when using a cleaner.
Now you can relax ... until the next cleaning of the engine. We strongly advise you to read this article again after ten or twenty thousand kilometers. And then you will forget about problems with the engine!
Related materials:
Diagnostics of fuel injectors and fuel pump of VAZ-2110-12 cars
autoshas.ru
Symptoms of an injector malfunction
The injection type of the fuel system is inherent in cars Russian production and used foreign cars. Modern gasoline engines use other systems that are economical and stable in operation. The advantage of the injector is that it is simple and convenient service. With proper and timely care, the injection system works for a long time. The only negative is the high fuel consumption.
At the end of the article, you can find a video demonstrating the signs of an injector malfunction. It will be an excellent addition to the text material. Enjoy watching.
Usage low quality gasoline with a large amount of mixtures leads to a malfunction of the injector. The system is demanding on fuel quality.
1. Engine stalls.
Engine starts and stalls for no reason. Subsequent attempts to start the engine are unsuccessful. It takes a few minutes before they succeed.
2. Detonation.
A characteristic symptom of a malfunction injection system. Unpleasant to the ear and destructive to the motor.
3. Reduced engine power.
In the language of drivers, the car does not “drag”. A steep climb turns into a test of the motorist's nervous system.
4.Increased fuel consumption.
An uneconomical injector begins to "eat" gasoline. In advanced cases, fuel consumption increases by up to 50 percent. This "beats" the pocket of the driver.
How to troubleshoot an injector?
To identify the causes of the malfunction of the injector, you need to sort out half of the car. It takes a lot of time and effort. Special diagnostic equipment is required.
Running cases are found among drivers who do not monitor the condition of the car. Require time and material costs to fix the problem.
For many drivers, the injection system is obscenely dirty. Lack of competent service and low-quality fuel affects.
This will definitely interest you
How to troubleshoot an injector:
1.Computer diagnostics.
The beginning of the beginning of any repair. Specifies the causes of failures. Special equipment is used.
2. Fuel injection system.
Represented by nozzles prone to contamination. It has a complex design, which makes it difficult to perform maintenance on your own without the use of outside help.
Untimely replacement fuel filter leads to small particles of dirt entering the injector nozzles. The normal supply of gasoline is difficult. Ultrasound is used to remove dirt and the filter is replaced.
3. Fuel pump.
Located in the fuel tank. Serves to supply gasoline to the injectors. Long term operation pump leads to wear of its working elements.
A typical defect is an insufficient amount fuel supplied to the injectors. This leads to precarious work injection system. The pump is not subject to repair and is replaced as an assembly with the fuel tank.
The injector is a reliable fuel supply system. She lost the fight to new technologies. ICE (engine internal combustion) of the new generation have low fuel consumption and lower emissions of harmful substances. The injector is prone to contamination and high flow fuel. This will definitely interest you Thank you for your attention, good luck on the road. Read, comment and ask questions. Subscribe to fresh and interesting articles of the site.
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Diagnostics and troubleshooting of the injector.
We diagnose and eliminate malfunctions of the injection system.Identifying Symptoms malfunctioning injector, for example incorrect operation engine. Methods for avoiding and eliminating typical injector malfunctions, thereby facilitating these types of checks in rudimentary phenomena.
Injector - this component has long ceased to be a curiosity, and is now being installed on all domestic and imported models. It is not surprising that problems in the operation of the motor are often associated with it, especially if we take into account the quality of domestic fuel.
Signs of a bad injector:
They show up in different ways:
- "floating" turns;
Power drop;
Detonation;
Increased motor appetite, etc.
Problems:
Occurs for 2 reasons:
1. The complexity of the system.
2. The state of the power unit.
The entire injection system is a technically complex complex, and it is not recommended to interfere in its operation without appropriate training.
Great difficulties arise with those cars where the state of the engine is completely “running”. Often, in order to get to the true cause, you have to diagnose the operation of half of the components of the power unit. And in general, in such conditions you need to tune in, that the reasons for incorrect ICE operation there will be several.
Injector Diagnostics:
Damage signs:
The first symptom of a problem is Check indicator engine, which is on the dashboard. If it catches fire, it is recommended to immediately go to the master. However, if at the same time the motor does not overheat, does not knock and runs smoothly, there is no need to panic right away and, if necessary, you can ride in this position for some more time.
Surface actions:
It is recommended to inspect the air filter first. Often it is clogged with dust and dirt particles that impede the flow of air. At the same time, you need to pay attention to high-voltage wiring, as well as spark plugs.
It is possible that you will have to send a fine filter for replacement. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.
Replacing the fine filter:
Replace fuel fine filter.
First you need to relieve the pressure in the fuel line, which reaches 3 atmospheres. To do this, you will need to turn off the fuel pump located in the tank. To get to it, it is necessary to dismantle the rear sofa, under which there is a small hatch cover. It is enough to open it, disconnect the plug on the pump and start the engine. After the remaining fuel burns out, he himself will stall. Nothing will happen to the fuel pump, since it is turned off.
In addition, to turn off the fuel pump, you can simply remove its fuse, located in the fuse box, which is located under the hood. When the engine stalls, you need to activate the starter again (no more than 2 seconds) so that the remaining fuel passes through the nozzles.
After that, the filter is replaced. This procedure is simple, you just need to carefully install it, paying attention to the arrow indicating the direction.
Air suction inspection:
Often this problem is formed in the intake manifold - the gasket begins to poison. It is not difficult to determine the defect of this component - the appetite of the motor is growing, and on idling vibrations are clearly felt. To check, a artisanal method is used - a thin and flexible tube is taken, one end of which is leaning against different points on the gasket. If there is damage, a whistle will be heard.
To be sure, it is recommended to apply a sealant or spray-type lubricant to the gasket. After the composition dries, the engine must be started. If it started to work much better, you need to immediately replace the damaged gasket. If there is no effect, you should clean the nozzles.
Nozzle cleaning:
Service station procedure:
At the station, the masters can offer 2 options for the work:
1. Connection to the stand;
2. Ultrasound.
Connection to the stand:
We use a special stand for cleaning the injector nozzles, without dismantling the nozzles.
This process does not involve dismantling the injectors. The engine is started to idle, but it does not receive fuel, but a special mixture, the use of which guarantees the combustion of all contaminants and flushing of the main components of the injector and combustion chamber - valves, pistons, pressure level regulator, injectors and rail. However, this method implies a further replacement engine oil and filters.
Ultrasound:
Dismantling nozzles for ultrasonic cleaning on a stand specially designed for this purpose.
This method requires the dismantling of the injectors, but the quality of work is very high, and after completion, ordinary gasoline is passed through them for verification. Also, do not forget about the inspection of fuel consumption in all nozzles - it must be the same. This happens by spraying fuel through the nozzles, in special transparent flasks. Thus, a uniform fuel spray density should be observed.
Fuel tank additives:
We add special liquid for cleaning nozzles to the tank.
The use of substances for cleaning the injector is justified in the presence of a new car. It must be poured into the tank during refueling, but the application should be regular. If the car is not new, then this method it is better not to use, as the substance will also eliminate dirt in the tank, as well as fuel lines, from where it will go to the injector.
As can be seen, in order to avoid serious problems it is enough just to monitor the condition of the injector, avoiding excessive pollution, and also refuel at proven gas stations.
remcars.info
Engine injectors: device, malfunctions, cleaning and checking
The fuel injector (TF), or injector, refers to the parts of the fuel injection system. It controls the dosing and supply of fuel and lubricants with its subsequent spraying in the combustion chamber and combining with air into a single mixture.
TFs act as the main executive parts related to the injection system. Thanks to them, the fuel is separated into tiny particles by spraying and enters the engine. Nozzles for any type of motor perform the same purpose, but differ in design and principle of operation.
fuel injectors This product is different individual production for a specific type of power unit. In other words, there is no universal model of this device, so it is impossible to rearrange them from a gasoline engine to a diesel one. As an exception, we can give an example of hydromechanical models from BOSCH installed on mechanical systems operating on continuous injection. They are widely used for various power units as an integral element of the K-Jetronic system, although they have several modifications that are not related to each other.
Location and principle of operation
Schematically, the nozzle is a software-controlled solenoid valve. It ensures the supply of fuel to the cylinders in prescribed doses, and the installed injection system determines the type of products used.
How is the nozzle Fuel is supplied to the nozzle under pressure. At the same time, the motor control unit sends electrical impulses to the injector solenoid, which activate the operation of the needle valve responsible for the state of the channel (open / closed). The amount of incoming fuel is determined by the duration of the incoming pulse, which affects the period the needle valve is in the open state.
The location of the nozzles depends on the specific type of injection system:
Central - located in front of the throttle valve in the intake manifold.
Distributed - all cylinders correspond to a separate nozzle, located at the base of the inlet pipeline and injecting fuel and lubricants.
Direct - nozzles are located at the top of the cylinder walls, which provides injection directly into the combustion chamber.
Injectors for gasoline engines
Petrol engines are equipped with the following types of injectors:
Single-point - supply fuel, located before the throttle.
Multi-point - several nozzles located in front of the pipelines are responsible for supplying fuel and lubricants to the cylinders.
TFs provide the supply of gasoline to the combustion chamber of the power plant, while the design of such parts is non-separable and does not provide for repair. At a cost they are cheaper than those installed on diesel engines.
Dirty nozzles
As a part that ensures the normal operation of the fuel system of a car, injectors often fail due to contamination of the filter elements located on them with combustion products. Such deposits block the spray channels, which disrupts the operation of a key element - the needle valve and interrupts the flow of fuel into the combustion chamber.
Injectors for diesel engines
The correct operation of the fuel system of diesel engines is ensured by two types of nozzles installed on them:
Electromagnetic, for the operation of which a special valve is responsible for regulating the raising and lowering of the needle.
Piezoelectric, hydraulically operated.
Correct setting nozzles, as well as the degree of their wear affects the operation diesel engine, the power it gives out and the amount of fuel consumed.
A car owner may notice a breakdown or malfunction of the diesel injector by a number of signs:
Increased fuel consumption under normal traction.
The car does not want to move and smokes.
The car's engine vibrates.
Problems and malfunctions of engine injectors
For supporting normal operation the fuel system, it is necessary to periodically clean the injectors. According to experts, the procedure should be performed every 20-30 thousand kilometers, but in practice the need for such work arises after 10-15 thousand kilometers. run. It's connected with poor quality fuel, poor road conditions and not always proper car care.
To the most topical issues chasing nozzles of any type is the appearance of deposits on the walls of parts, which are the result of the use of low-quality fuel. The result is contamination in the supply system. flammable liquid and the occurrence of interruptions in work, loss of power by the motor, excessive consumption fuel.
The reasons that affect the operation of the injectors can be:
Excessive sulfur content in fuels and lubricants.
Corrosion of metal elements.
Clogged filters.
Invalid installation.
Exposure to high temperatures.
Penetration of moisture and water.
Impending problems can be identified by a number of signs:
The occurrence of unplanned failures at engine start.
Significant increase in fuel consumption in comparison with the nominal values.
The appearance of black exhaust.
The appearance of failures that violate the rhythm of the engine at idle.
Nozzle cleaning methods
To solve the above problems, periodic flushing of the fuel injectors is required. To eliminate contaminants, ultrasonic cleaning is used, a special liquid is used, performing the procedure manually, or special additives are added to clean the nozzles without disassembling the motor.
Filling the flush in the gas tank
The easiest and gentlest way to clean dirty injectors. The principle of operation of the added composition is to constantly dissolve with its help existing deposits in the injection system, as well as partially prevent their occurrence in the future.
Flushing the nozzle with additives
This technique is good for new cars or cars with low mileage. In this case, adding a flush to the fuel tank acts as a preventive measure to keep the power plant and fuel system of the machine clean. For cars with serious contamination of the fuel system, this method is not suitable, and in some cases it can be harmful, exacerbating existing problems. At in large numbers the washed deposits get into the nozzles and clog them even more.
Cleaning without removing from the engine
Flushing of the TF without disassembling the engine is carried out by connecting washing plant directly to the motor. This approach allows you to wash the accumulated dirt on the nozzles and the fuel rail. The engine starts at idle for half an hour, the mixture is supplied under pressure.
Washing nozzles using the device
This method is not widely used worn out engines and also not suitable for vehicles with installed system KE-Jetronik.
Cleaning with removal of nozzles
In case of severe pollution, the engine is disassembled on a special stand, the nozzles are removed and they are individually cleaned. Such manipulations additionally allow you to determine the presence of malfunctions in the operation of the injectors with their subsequent replacement.
Removal and flushing
Ultrasonic cleaning
Cleaning of nozzles is carried out in an ultrasonic bath for previously removed parts. The option is suitable for severe contamination that cannot be removed with a cleaner. Operations for cleaning nozzles without removing them from the engine cost the owner of the car an average of 15-20 USD. The cost of diagnostics with subsequent clean for one injector in ultrasound or on the stand is about 4-6 USD. Complex works for flushing and replacing individual parts allow to ensure uninterrupted operation of the fuel system for another six months, adding 10-15 thousand km. run.
Ultrasonic fuel injector cleaning
autoexperts.ru
CHECKING AND REPLACING INJECTORS
Checking and replacing injectors
Signs of bad injectors:
– difficult start of the engine;
– unstable operation of the engine;
– the engine stalls at idle;
– increased speed crankshaft at idle;
- the engine does not develop full power;
– Jerks and dips in the engine when the car is moving;
– increased fuel consumption;
- increased content of CO and CH in the exhaust gases;
- glow ignition due to leakage of nozzles.
You will need: hexagon “5”, screwdriver, wrench “17”.
1. Remove the wire from the "minus" terminal battery.
2. Remove the receiver from the intake pipe (see "Replacing the intake pipe and exhaust manifold gaskets").
3. Drain the coolant from the engine cooling system (see "Replacing the coolant").
4. Reduce the pressure in the fuel system (see "Reducing the pressure in the fuel system").
5. Disconnect the injector wiring harness connector.
6. Disconnect the vacuum hose from the fuel pressure regulator.
7. Remove the two screws securing the fuel pressure regulator to the fuel rail...
8. ...and take him aside.
NOTE
If the fuel pressure regulator o-ring remains in the rail, remove it. Replace loose or torn O-ring.
9. Turn away a nut of a pipe of giving of fuel...
10. ... and disconnect the tube from the fuel rail. Replace loose or torn tube tip O-ring.
11. Turn out two bolts of fastening of a fuel stage...
12. ... remove the bolts with washers ...
13. ... and remove the fuel rail along with the injector wiring harness and injectors.
WARNING
If, when removing the fuel rail, any nozzle remains in the engine intake pipe, replace its o-rings and retainer.
14. To check the injectors, connect a fuel pipe to the rail and install a fuel pressure regulator. Connect the injector harness connector.
15. Dip the nozzles in transparent containers. The latter are more convenient to hang on the fuel rail. Check the fuel atomization of the injectors. To do this, turn on the starter. The injectors must spray the fuel in the correct cone. Each nozzle must have four jets...
16. ... the amount of fuel supplied through the nozzles in all four containers should be the same (check with a measuring container). If any nozzle does not meet these conditions, replace it.
17. Immediately after turning off the ignition, carefully inspect the nozzles. If fuel leakage is noticeable from the atomizer of any injector, then the injector is leaking and must be replaced.
18. If the injector is not spraying fuel, check that it is receiving power. To do this, disconnect the block with wires from it, connect the battery to the nozzle contacts directly and turn on the ignition. If in this case the injector sprays fuel, then a malfunction has occurred in electrical circuit nozzles.
19. It is recommended to check the resistance of the injector windings. To do this, disconnect the block with wires from the injector (having previously disconnected the wire from the “minus” terminal of the battery) and connect an ohmmeter to the injector contacts.
It should show a resistance of 11-15 ohms. Otherwise, replace the nozzle.
20. Before replacing the injectors, reduce the pressure in the power supply system (see “Reducing the pressure in the power supply system” in the “Power System” subsection).
21. Press the spring clip and disconnect the wiring harness block from the injector to be replaced.
22. Move the nozzle lock to the side ...
23. ... and remove the nozzle from the fuel rail. Replace the other defective injectors in the same way.
NOTE
Check the o-rings on all injectors from the side of the ramp ...
...and intake pipe. Replace cracked or loose rings.
24. Establish nozzles, a fuel stage in an order, the return to removal. Lubricate the injector o-rings with petrol before installation.
25. To replace the clamps that do not hold the nozzles well, slide them to the recess for the ramp mounting bolt or to the edge of the ramp.
Owners of cars with injection-type engines sometimes face the problem of poor-quality operation of the injector. Often the culprits of such problems are injector nozzles, their poor-quality work ends in the inability to start the car and turns into a waste of time at the most inopportune moment for this. But few people know how to check the injectors before the malfunction. In this article, you will learn how to identify the problem, as well as how to clean the nozzles yourself and get rid of malfunctions.
From the first lessons of a driving school (and maybe even earlier), we know that the injection system for injection engines is different from carbureted ones. Faced with a problem, many drivers rush straight to the auto repair shop or service station. The problem is not always so serious, and it is quite possible that even a person with the basic knowledge that you can acquire by reading this material can solve it.
Injector malfunctions are very similar in symptoms to those of spark plugs.
Symptoms of a bad injector
To begin with, it should be noted that this complex mechanism How car engine(especially in modern models) requires precision in the definition. It often turns out that with absolutely similar symptoms characteristic of malfunctioning injectors, for example heavy launch engine to "cold traction" or increased fuel consumption, the reason is far from them, but from the spark plugs that need to be replaced. Before establishing the exact cause, and taking any action to eliminate them, you should carefully check and make sure that the “diagnosis” is correct.
The following factors are the most common symptoms of bad engine injectors:
- there are jerks when driving;
- loss of dynamics during acceleration;
- when switching, or when decelerating;
- fuel consumption increases;
- as a result of uneven fuel consumption on diesel engines, there may be
If you notice any of the problems just mentioned, you need to do a spot check of the injectors as soon as possible. Otherwise, the car may fail at the most unnecessary moment (for example, when overtaking, or in other situations).
As a rule, injectors fail one at a time, so you need to check everything.
How to identify a broken injector on a running engine
Let's say you found a symptom of an injector malfunction and now you want to know how to check the engine injectors? I would like to immediately note that the nozzles themselves are of several types (mechanical and electromagnetic) and their design has significant differences, which means that their verification methods should also differ. You can check the injectors in several ways: checking the injectors without removing them from the engine, checking the removed injectors, checking the injector at home, gasoline or diesel injectors, etc. We will analyze the most popular of the methods.
To learn how to check the performance of the injector nozzle, it is not necessary to remove them. This method is one of the most simple checks, and implies a sound check (or an analysis of the noise emitted by the motor during operation). As a rule, clogged or damaged injectors emit a muffled high-frequency noise (the sound usually comes from the cylinder block).
Checking the power supply to the injectors
Checking the power supply to the injectors is carried out if the injectors themselves work in the event of a breakdown of any of the injectors. To check, you must perform the following procedure:
- turn off the pads;
- connect 2 wires to the battery, the end of which is fixed on the injectors;
- turn on the engine.
After turning on the engine, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible leakage of the fuel mixture - this may occur due to malfunctions in the electrical circuit.
Checking the resistance on the winding with a multimeter (tester)
Checking the resistance on the winding with a multimeter (tester) also allows you to check the engine injectors without removing them. To do this, you need to make sure the resistance level of your injectors. Next, we perform the following actions:
- with the engine off, reset the negative terminal from the battery;
- then disconnect the electrical connector on the nozzle itself (located on the block, in the form of a clamp);
- set the value of our injectors on the multimeter and connect its contacts directly to the injector itself.
Normally, at high impedance, the value should be 11-17 ohms, at low 2-5 ohms. If the values do not match, this nozzle must be replaced.
Diagnostics of the injectors on the ramp
To carry out this type of check of the injectors, it will be necessary to dismantle them together with fuel rail. This is easy to do, but some skill is required. It is best to do such a check together with a partner who, during your diagnostics and measurement, will manipulate the ignition and cranking of the engine.
If in any of the containers there is a discrepancy with the rest, such an injector must be cleaned. In addition, a variant is possible when the fuel continues to flow even after the end of the ignition. This signals the loss of tightness of the nozzle and the need to replace it.
Scheme of the electromagnetic atomizer.
How to clean injector nozzles at home
We gradually approached a very important question "how to clean the nozzles?". I would like to cancel that clogged nozzles account for 60% of all malfunctions with them. Due to this prevalence, several methods have been invented for cleaning them, including cleaning nozzles at home:
- flushing with additives carried out without removing the injectors from the engine. A special cleaning additive is added to the fuel tank, which, in addition to nozzles, normalizes the operation of the entire engine. There are a huge number of them, and you have to choose at your own discretion;
- cleaning nozzles on an ultrasonic stand(often referred to as "ultrasonic flushing", or "sonicating nozzles") is a rather heavy and specialized method, which is based on the effect of cavitation. The nozzles in the ultrasonic bath undergo a repeated washing procedure and show good atomization after cleaning;
- nozzle flushing according to many drivers is fraught with loss vacuum functions and tightness. However, such a procedure is usually carried out using a washing unit at the service station, or with a syringe at home. To do this, use a special flushing fluid.
With electromagnetic cleaning, the level of atomization is checked repeatedly until the appropriate result.
Which flush is better to do ultrasonic or liquid?
We have repeatedly noticed disputes over which is better: washing nozzles with additives or ultrasonic washing of nozzles on specialized equipment. In fairness, it will be said that ultrasonic cleaning is usually carried out in the presence of corresponding serious problems (fuzzy idling of the engine, etc.). Liquid flushing of the injector nozzles is good because it carries out preventive cleaning of the entire engine (it removes carbon deposits from the valves well).
However, liquid nozzle flushing is only good for the first stage of clogged nozzles, but problems can arise with subsequent and more serious problems. It is carried out “blindly” as a preventive measure, which means that it is beyond its power to influence a specific focus of pollution.
But the “ultrasonic” method of exposure is most often used when detailed diagnostics are needed to determine the throughput of sensors of actuators (usually carried out in workshops using computer calculations). Cleaning much more and better, this type of flushing costs 2-3 times more than the liquid counterpart. However, you should be careful, because old nozzles, spoiled by time and improper operation, can deteriorate completely under the influence of cavitation, and lose their original tightness (leak during operation).
Nozzle Prevention
You can get rid of the need to wash the nozzles with your own hands by regularly carrying out preventive procedures to ensure the preliminary cleaning of the nozzles. For example, for preventive purposes, liquid cleaning of nozzles is a good idea. Note that it is not necessary to contact a car service for prevention purposes (although it definitely won’t be worse), it’s enough to make an “enema” and carry out the procedure at home.
In addition, there is an old "grandfather" way, which many still use today. It involves regular acceleration of the car to a speed equal to more than 120 km / h, and overcoming in this mode approximately 10-15 kilometers. High pressure inside the system provokes self-cleaning of the nozzle. The same method also implies idling to 4000-5000 rpm for three minutes. Although it is less effective than the first.
