Special machinery and equipment for the destruction of buildings and structures. What equipment is used to dismantle buildings and structures Case demolition excavators - unsurpassed Japanese quality and reliability

Do you want to reuse the territory, but this requires the dismantling of buildings or structures? Use the services of special equipment of the Stroymekh company. Our demolition equipment will get the job done quickly and efficiently.

When performing dismantling, certain difficulties may arise, for example, the inaccessibility of the use of heavy types of equipment in unfavorable, hard-to-reach areas, etc. A demolition excavator can easily cope with such tasks, since it is used in working with buildings of any type and complexity. Equipment rental services for dismantling are in high demand in Moscow.

Rent construction equipment, of course, is an excellent way out of the situation when you need to carry out demolition manipulations. To take such equipment for temporary use means to ensure comfortable and competent complete disassembly structures.

Benefits of renting demolition equipment:

• the excavator is able to cope with tasks even in areas that are difficult to access for other equipment;
• the cost of temporary use of such equipment is acceptable for most customers;
• with its help, the dismantling of structures will be possible even in hazardous areas;
• the machine has the ability to carry out completely various works associated with the complete or partial destruction of load-bearing structures;
• a rented excavator will allow you to quickly and conveniently liquidate buildings.

The latest technology for the demolition of buildings will ensure a comfortable and efficient implementation of all the necessary processes for dismantling. Renting the described equipment is much more convenient than buying it. The price of the offer is low, so it will not require large expenses. Such services in our company will cost you inexpensively.

It is possible to order equipment directly from the driver. Here you can order aggregates for the destruction of houses, which will help you in solving many problems and problems. Territories where we work: Moscow, Moscow region.

Manual methods of dismantling old, emergency buildings are giving way to mechanized methods, which use special equipment for the demolition of buildings. For Rostov-on-Don (with big amount dilapidated houses, high cost of land) dismantling works are relevant, but hampered by close urban development.

Equipment for the demolition of old buildings, other types of structures

Dismantling using explosive demolition methods is prohibited in Russian cities. The traditional demolition technique with a weight ( , ) gives a large number of fragments, can not cope with the dismantling of high-rise buildings, industrial structures.

Difficulty demolishing old buildings brick walls meter thickness, production shops with a metal frame. The main type of special equipment for dismantling was a demolition excavator. simple mechanisms with a short boom, a suspended metal ball, are used in the demolition of low-rise (up to three floors) buildings.

Excavators with an elongated (telescopic) boom, attachments (hydraulic hammer, hydraulic shears) are capable of destroying structures 20-25 meters high. A typical representative of special equipment is the Hyundai 320 destroyer. A crawler excavator with an eighteen-meter boom is capable of working with three-ton attachments. When equipped with a hydraulic hammer, the destroyer is successfully used for dismantling concrete, brick foundations with a depth of 10-15 meters. High-rise demolition excavators such as the Hitachi ZX-670 work at heights up to 40 meters.

Work with the same equipment demolition robots, supplied additionally with rotary cutters, non-impact concrete breakers. small dimensions, remote control, the absence of an operator allows the use of robots for dismantling in difficult, dangerous conditions.

TO additional equipment applied in dismantling works, include front-end loaders (transporting waste from the dismantling site), dump trucks for the removal of debris, processing complexes that shred construction waste on site. HARTL mobile crusher processes up to two hundred tons of concrete and brick waste per hour. Fractions of 130-500 mm allow up to 70% of recycled materials to be reused.

Contracts for the demolition of buildings

Special equipment for the demolition of residential buildings, industrial facilities is produced famous brands, Mercedes, Volvo, Liebherr, JCB, Metso Minerals, Crambo, Brokk, Hammel, Atlas Copco Krupp. There is no point in acquiring expensive equipment for one-time work; it is bought by large construction trusts and specialized companies. The dismantling of city buildings requires a separate project, precise planning, selection of optimal types of special equipment, and obtaining work permits.
An agreement with a company specialized in dismantling in the urban environment of Rostov-on-Don allows you to quickly, safely demolish a small private house, an old building, a production workshop. Reputable companies have a fleet of their own equipment that allows.

Building demolition methods are determined terms of reference, state of structures, technological conditions. This is the possibility of delicate disassembly by hand or quick demolition or explosives.

Price for dismantling and demolition of industrial structures and buildings

Methods of dismantling, demolition of buildings, structures, metal structures

Organized and conducted in three ways:

• complete or, commercial construction by hand with minimal use of heavy, mechanical devices;
• attracting heavy special equipment, or hydraulic jets;
• use of explosives.

The choice of dismantling method is determined by the specification of the structure, its condition, technical and technological feasibility. This implies conducting expert studies that provide recommendations regarding the choice of technology for the demolition of the building. Under certain conditions, methods can be combined.

Dismantling buildings manually

This method of dismantling structures is most often used for the demolition of small buildings with limited opportunities for the operation of equipment. Also, manual dismantling is used when it is necessary to save Construction Materials or disassemble only part of the building.

In such work on the dismantling of buildings, manual pneumatic tools are used.

Price for demolition and dismantling of houses depending on the area m2 (sq.m.)

Particular attention is paid to the safety of personnel. All specialists undergo targeted briefings, are provided with overalls and means personal protection. The territory adjacent to the building should also be prepared. This is the installation of fencing and warning signs about the danger. The building itself is disconnected from electricity, gas and water supply.

Attention!

Manual labor is widely used in the dismantling of metal structures. Here the coordinated work of equipment and workers is important. Such interaction can be provided by ProgressAvtoStroy professionals.

Demolition of buildings with the help of machinery

The use of equipment for the dismantling of buildings significantly speeds up the demolition process, but causes the formation of blockages from construction debris. To ensure the safety and speed of work, the waste must be promptly. Therefore, the demolition of buildings requires the use of a variety of techniques:

• equipped with hydraulic shears or hydraulic hammer;
• Rope, disk machines for the demolition of buildings;
• frontal, bucket loaders;
• truck cranes;

From the choice of equipment for the demolition of buildings, its functionality depends on the speed and safety of the work. The company "ProgressAvtoStroy" is able to solve technical problems of any complexity. Our experienced specialists will develop a rational project for the demolition of houses and other types of buildings, competently implement it.

Price demolition and dismantling of metal structures

Price demolition and dismantling of reinforced concrete structures and reinforced concrete objects

If necessary, for the effective implementation of the tasks, along with the equipment, workers are involved in the disassembly. Often they perform an auxiliary function individual elements structures, coordinate the work of excavators, cranes, loaders of special vehicles.

Use of explosives

Explosives are used for the demolition of high, dimensional residential or industrial buildings. This technology is associated with a danger to life, property of people, requires the most accurate calculation of the power and location of the charge, therefore it is not used in dense urban areas. The difficulty of using explosives to demolish buildings is also subject to serious legal restrictions.

Differ high efficiency, the downside here is high level dustiness and the need for long-term analysis of rubble of construction debris.

Advantages of cooperation with ProgressAvtoStroy

We value every client, his time and material resources, so we approach problem solving professionally. For this, there is a staff of qualified specialists,. Reliability is ensured by strict technical control, the speed of information processing, the performance of work is guaranteed by modern logistics. Good faith implies the fulfillment of agreements in full.

The customer is guaranteed qualified information support, transparent pricing, loyal, flexible terms of interaction. Each item of expenditure is justified, each ruble of the client is invested in efficiency, accuracy, and safety. You can contact us to discuss the terms of cooperation by phone or via e-mail.

After preparing the building for demolition, which is carried out by workers using manual equipment, the dismantling of the object as such begins. It can be divided into three stages: mechanized demolition of the building, sorting of waste, crushing of concrete, reinforced concrete, bricks and other construction debris. In conditions of dense urban development, the technology of disassembling a building manually is often used, using tools small mechanization: wall saws and drilling machines, crow cutters, petrol cutters and so on. But this is a long and laborious process, so the use of special equipment with attachments, if possible, is always preferable during dismantling. In this article, we will look at several types of machines and equipment traditionally used to demolish buildings and recycle construction waste on site.

EXCAVATOR-DESTROYER, aka DEMOLATOR

The main character on the site where the construction site is being destroyed is a caterpillar excavator. It is he who, equipped with appropriate attachments, is involved in most stages of the process - from demolition to sorting of construction waste. Yet its main function here is destruction; that is why such equipment is called a demolition excavator or demollator, from the English demolator. The demolator differs from its creative counterparts primarily in the increased length of the boom, which is directly proportional to the power of the machine. Optionally, the demolator can be equipped with additional devices safety is a plus to those that a modern crawler excavator has.

By and large, there is still no unified system of criteria on how exactly to define a destroyer excavator. Some companies, in addition to those listed above, are distinguished as important specifications these machines the maximum possible mass attachments at full reach, others - the maximum possible working height, and so on.

Versions of excavators with an elongated boom, with which it is convenient to get even to relatively remote parts of the object being destroyed, are produced worldwide. well-known manufacturers special equipment like Volvo, Komatsu, Doosan, Hyundai, Case, Liebherr, CAT and others. Some manufacturers, along with an elongated demolition boom, additionally complete their excavators with a conventional digging boom - such as, for example, Volvo models EC460CHR High Reach. Her destructive arrow has a length of 27.4 meters (with a handle). As the manufacturer assures, if necessary, one arrow changes to another within half an hour. The rubber-damped cab doors of the devastating version of this machine are twice as thick as the conventional version. The weight of the demollator is 48.87 tons without a gun and 61.76 tons with a gun. The engine power of the excavator-destroyer is 245 kW, the breaking force is 311.6 kN. Max weight attachments with which the machine is capable of working is 3 tons. The speed of the excavator is 5.1 km/h. The excavator can be equipped with a tracked chassis with a variable gauge. The model began to be produced in 2009 and as a specialized demollator excavator has earned great popularity in different countries.

Some manufacturers of demollators equip their machines with original monitoring and control devices. For example, the Liebherr Demolition Control (DLC) system on the Liebherr brand demollators ensures the stability of the machine in any position of the boom, the working area of ​​which is 360 °.

ATTACHMENT FOR DISMANTLING

A few decades ago, to destroy buildings, together with an excavator, the so-called woman was used - a heavy metal ball on a chain or steel cable, which was swung with an arrow and aimed at one place or another of the building. Such a practice required not only a large free space, but also a truly virtuoso skill of the operator. Today, a wide range of attachments are used to destroy construction sites, allowing you to turn any building object, from roof to foundation, into a pile of rubble, with minimal possible level noise. These are crushing buckets, hydraulic hammers, hydraulic shears-concrete breakers, vibratory hammers and various grippers. Since we spoke in detail about attachments for an excavator in No. 70 of our magazine, here we will only briefly dwell on those varieties that are used for dismantling and subsequent sorting of construction waste.

The bucket as the basic tool of the excavator is capable of performing a considerable part of the dismantling work. Especially strong, massive buckets weighing from 600 to 2100 kg are more often used to destroy construction objects. The material from which they are made is 10KhSND steel (hardness 250 HB) or Hardox 400 steel (hardness 400 HB). To increase the strength and wear resistance of buckets, the so-called body kit made of stronger and more wear-resistant steels is often used. There are many manufacturers of excavator buckets in the world: Hitachi, Komatsu, Caterpillar, Hyundai, Daewoo, JCB, Volvo, Liebherr, Kato, Kranex, Kovrovets, Tver excavator.

A special crushing bucket is able to break concrete or reinforced concrete already in the process of demolition. Such buckets are either rotary or jaw. In the first, crushing is carried out when the material hits the rotors rotating towards each other. In the jaw bucket, the material is destroyed by the impacts of approaching cheeks, one of which is motionless, while the other approaches it and moves away due to the connecting rod. Big choice buckets, both crushing and universal, designed, among other things, for the secondary destruction of materials (which will be discussed below), are offered by ALLU Finland Oy.

Hydraulic hammers perform the most difficult work during dismantling, destroying monolithic and very dense objects. They can work not only with an excavator, but also with a loader or tractor that has a hydraulic system. When working with powerful crawler excavator the useful realization of the efforts of this equipment is maximum. Light hydraulic hammers inflict relatively weak frequent blows, crushing thin structures and large fragments of buildings, heavy hydraulic hammers hit less often, but with greater force, destroying large concrete structures up to the foundation. Structurally, hydraulic hammers are divided into membrane and piston, depending on the gas-locking design. Membrane hydraulic hammers are more difficult to manufacture and more expensive - but their focusing capabilities and productivity in general are much higher. Among the famous manufacturers of hydraulic hammers are Rammer, Montabert, Furukawa, Krupp, Soosan, Impulse, Delta, Hummer and a number of others. The hydraulic hammer, being itself a type of attachment, is equipped with its own working tool - these can be longitudinal or transverse wedges, a conical peak or a chisel.

Hydraulic shears, they are also concrete breakers, processors or crushers, are used during the dismantling of buildings both in primary work, for example, when dismantling a structure, and in secondary work, such as cutting scrap, destroying and grinding concrete and reinforced concrete. Most popular brands of this equipment are american caterpillar, South Korean MaxPower, French Arden, and Italian Delta.

The hydraulic shears used today are much more perfect than those that were produced 5-10 years ago. Hydraulic shears allow you to quickly separate pieces of destructible building structures, cutting steel parts and rebar instead of gas welding. Models with cutting forces up to 740 tons are able to cut steel parts up to 70 mm thick, such as I-beams. Hydraulic shears cut accurately, accurately and very quickly. This saves work time and reduce the risk of injury to workers. Enterprises specializing in the field of attachments for special equipment strive to offer their customers the most possible choice similar weapons. Thus, the Tradition-K company offers specialized and universal hydraulic shears with replaceable and quick-detachable jaws for primary and secondary destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete, as well as for cutting sheet and profiled metal. This equipment has a European quality mark and is manufactured in Italy under the well-known Russian brand Delta.

The second type of hydraulic shear is called a multiprocessor; the word "multi" in this case indicates a large (more than two) number of jaws. Such equipment cuts reinforcement, participates in both primary and secondary (to obtain smaller fractions) destruction of concrete. An operator working with a multiprocessor can change jaws for various purposes (up to six types). So, if primary destruction is performed, jaws with a large number of teeth are installed to crush concrete, brick and other materials that make up the outer walls of buildings, columns and the foundation of a building. The multiprocessor brings the structures down, then the operator changes jaws - and the tool cuts steel beams, rebar, channels, cables and angles into segments that are convenient for transportation and remelting. Multiprocessors can be equipped with petal-shaped jaws. Some multi-processors equipped with combi-cutter jaws can simultaneously break concrete and cut rebar and steel building structures without changing the jaws. The ability to move the jaws individually, independently of each other, allows you to crush or cut material, even if it is not located very conveniently for cutting. The Rotary Multi-Processor was a tool that revolutionized the entire demolition industry as it allowed the jaws to be quickly and accurately positioned in the optimum cutting position without additional movement excavator. The aforementioned company "Tradition-K" offers Italian multiprocessors with interchangeable jaws of the Delta MF series, as well as Delta MK with a unique patented mechanism of quick-detachable jaws. The mass of multiprocessors can vary from 400 to 5500 kg, and the cutting force can reach 1100 tons. Their installation is possible on excavators of any weight - from 3 to 110 tons, which allows you to perform a wide range of tasks. increased complexity. compactness, high performance maneuverability and simplicity Maintenance throughout the entire period of operation allow them to confidently lead in the ranking of the most popular attachments.

Grab grabs, as well as other types, strictly speaking, are not tools of destruction. With their help, the dismantled parts are collected and loaded into vehicles or a crushing plant. There are a lot of types of grippers, of those that interact directly with the hydraulic system of the excavator; grabs with two or more blades or teeth are most often used. A clamshell bucket or a bucket with a lid is also used, acting on the principle of a palm and thumb pressing a building fragment against it. Grabs and other grippers are manufactured by a range of famous companies specializing in the manufacture of special machinery and equipment, including Atlas, Rozzi, Hammer, Impulse, Delta.

In addition to attachments, various autonomous devices and devices are also used to destroy construction objects. So, for the destruction of powerful foundations and reinforced concrete monoliths half a meter or more thick, special systems rupture - hydrowedges. This method is safe and virtually silent, it is completely under the control of the operator conducting the wedging - while the power of impact on the monolithic parts of the structure is incredibly high. The algorithm of this work looks like this: hydraulic wedges are inserted into the holes specially drilled in the monolith, linings are installed along the wedges on opposite sides, the hydraulic station gives pressure to the pistons that these linings push apart, and they press on the monolith with a force of tens of tons - as a result, a rupture occurs, destructive concrete and reinforcement. Further work is carried out with a hydraulic hammer or manual class demolition equipment.

It should be noted that in the destruction of buildings, in addition to specialized equipment, construction machines of a wider profile are widely used. The same front-end loader with an extended boom is able not only to work with a number of attachments described above, but also to collect construction debris for further loading into a crusher or a dump truck. And those working from hydraulic system special equipment vibrators are capable of not only driving, but also extracting piles, pipe structures, sheet piles. Thus, a vibratory driver from one of the world's most famous manufacturers of this equipment, Delta VM 550, weighs 1,500 kg and operates at a frequency of 2,500 rpm, coping with piles weighing up to 1,400 kg, while the insertion / extraction force is 22,500 kg.

SECONDARY DESTRUCTION

The dismantling of construction objects is intended not only to destroy the structure of the building, but also to utilize (and ideally reuse) construction waste. Even if the construction debris is simply taken to a landfill, it must have a high bulk density in order to maximize the use of the entire volume of the dump truck body. For this, building debris is subjected to grinding. If construction debris is to be further used, its sorting takes place in the process of secondary destruction: concrete chips, parts of reinforcement and other materials are separated from one another and taken out of the work site separately. For this, crushing buckets with a magnet, sorting buckets and hydraulic shears-grinders are used.

Shredders, pulverizers or processors, which are attached to the boom or to the excavator handle, are a type of hydraulic shears that has one curved jaw, which is convenient to rake debris. It can be both stationary and rotating.

Screening buckets operate from the hydraulic system of an excavator or other special equipment. The process of sorting construction waste inside them occurs due to the rapid movement of sieves (which are consumable, but their varieties, made of high-quality Hardox steel, can last quite a long time) or due to the operation of the rotors on the principle of a meat grinder. The soil in the bucket mechanism is separated from construction debris, then both received materials are immersed separately. A whole line of crushing and screening buckets, as well as grinders manufactured under the Delta brand, is presented among the offers of Tradition-K.

In addition to crushing buckets for the secondary destruction of materials during the dismantling of construction sites, they are widely used as mobile crushers different types(jaw, rotary, etc.), and whole crushing plants and crushing and screening complexes, if the volume of materials to be crushed makes their use appropriate. Such a careful approach to the disposal of construction waste in many countries of the world, including Russia, is dictated by considerations of both ecology and economics. Secondary crushed concrete, for example, into which most of the dismantled objects are converted, is widely used for arranging crushed stone bases for floors and foundations of buildings; for asphalt concrete pavement of roads of all classes; as a coarse filler in concrete with a strength of 5-20 MPa; in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products; when dumping temporary roads; when filling under all types of sidewalk paths; when filling under parking lots and paved areas; to replace the soil when backfilling; under the foundation base, as well as in landscape work. At the same time, crushed stone obtained by crushing concrete is not much inferior in quality to crushed stone obtained from natural stone, but in production it is significantly cheaper. Concrete is an artificial stone, and the higher the strength class of crushed concrete, the higher will be the strength of the secondary crushed stone obtained from it.

If the construction objects to be dismantled are large enough, powerful equipment such as the Russian MPR-1500, manufactured by NPP Obukhov Industrial Company from Nizhny Novgorod. The abbreviation in the name of the model stands for "press-destroying machine." This is a whole complex of units and mechanisms capable of destroying substandard materials such as reinforced concrete products, fragments of brick buildings, and so on. After separation from the reinforcement and spilling through the grate, the material is fed to the press table by a pusher moving along rails mounted on the grate table. Then the already destroyed material goes to the receiving equipment (conveyor), and the reinforcement - to the receiving tray. After that, large pieces of concrete enter the crusher for further grinding and then - to the screen, for sorting into crushed stone and sand.

It should be noted that although the MPR-1500 complex is quite large equipment, which, if necessary, can be transported in separate parts, its installation does not require complex foundations and pits - usually it is enough to have a platform for mounting the machine - leveled, concreted or with laid road slabs. But the use of such equipment in the immediate vicinity of the construction sites to be dismantled is rather rare, which can be justified by the especially large size of the buildings to be demolished and the corresponding volume of construction waste. In most cases, mobile crushers and crushing buckets are used for secondary destruction.

STRUCTURE DEMANDING BY EXPLOSION AND OTHER NON-MECHANICAL METHODS

Finally, let's recall another, more radical way of destroying buildings than mechanical, with the help of special equipment and equipment. This is the destruction of structures and arrays by a directed explosion.

A directed explosion destroys, as a rule, high-rise buildings, towers, pipes, standing a few tens of meters from other buildings. For such destruction, in the object already prepared for dismantling, an explosive is laid in the boreholes and sleeves, and then the explosion is remotely carried out. As a result, a through lining up to a third of the object is formed along the perimeter of the structure. Thus, the entire object, falling on its base, is destroyed.

The most important technological feature A similar option is that the structure collapses exclusively inward. This makes it possible to avoid excessive clogging of the surrounding area.

Although the explosion itself and the collapse of the object take a matter of seconds, this moment is preceded by the analysis of the documentation for the object, the study of the building and the identification of load-bearing structures. Then careful calculations are carried out, the relevant documentation is prepared; the longest stage of the process is obtaining all the necessary permits and approvals from various authorities for dismantling.

When everything is finally agreed, the building itself is being prepared. In the places determined in the project, holes are drilled for explosive, which is connected by numerous detonator cords to a remote control, from which the detonation is carried out. Further, operators of special machinery and equipment are taken for the secondary destruction of the fragments of the structure. The cost of blasting is quite high, in addition, the preparation of the relevant documentation is quite troublesome. Therefore, the destruction of building objects by a directed explosion is resorted to only when demolition by any other method is simply impractical.

Sometimes a permit for dismantling by explosion is simply not issued. This applies to the dismantling of historical buildings and architectural monuments, as well as objects located on the territory of nature reserves. It is often not possible to reach an agreement with the owners of nearby houses and high-rise buildings if they are not sure that their property will not be damaged during blasting. If, however, all the controversial points were nevertheless agreed upon, and all the required permits were obtained, almost any destruction of an object by a directed explosion is an impressive, very spectacular event, video reports of which are usually provided to the customer and often posted on the Internet, collecting thousands of views.

For parts of buildings located in the ground, as well as for the destruction of box-shaped structures and tanks, a hydraulic explosive method of dismantling is used. Its peculiarity is that the space of the hole free from explosives is filled with water or clay solution. The spread of fragments with this method of detonation is significantly less than with a conventional explosion.

If we talk about other non-mechanical methods of dismantling building objects, in addition to explosive, we should also note the thermal method of destruction of monolithic structures, based on the use of a powerful heat source in the form of a high-temperature gas stream or an electric arc. The device used to cut concrete and reinforced concrete is called an oxygen lance. With its help, the material is melted by the combustion products of iron in an oxygen jet. Oxygen during this process enters the combustible pipe in an amount sufficient for combustion and removal of slag from the structure being cut.

Another method of destroying monoliths made of concrete and brick, rubble concrete and masonry is electrohydraulic. It is based on the use of EGE - an electro-hydraulic effect installation. This method involves the use of the physical effect of water hammer high pressure, which at electrical discharge occurs in a limited volume of liquid located inside a previously prepared hole. Due to the discharge in the liquid, a powerful shock wave arises, which acts on the nearby part of the monolith and destroys it.

The most low-cost, but at the same time the most time-consuming way of destroying building objects is to allow them to collapse on their own, under the influence of time. The Internet is full of photographs of abandoned buildings and picturesque ruins from different times. However, nature, as you know, does not tolerate emptiness - and it may happen that, leaving the building, people will soon find that it is occupied by such forms of life, the neighborhood with which they do not like at all.