The structure of the VAZ 2101 engine. "Classic" VAZ engines now

01.10.2019

Today, many drivers driving a VAZ 2101, VAZ 21063 and other classics with engines of 1.2, 1.3 liters are thinking about how to increase the engine size, and, accordingly, the traction and speed performance of the car. Consider options for increasing the volume.

Boring:

The most popular word that comes to mind when thinking about increasing the volume of the VAZ 2101 - 21063 engine is boring. But it should be understood that boring for the maximum repair size in the case of the VAZ 2101-21063 and other classic engines with a volume of 1.2, 1.3 liters - you will get only one hundred cubic centimeters of volume. The cylinder diameter of the VAZ 2101 engine is 76mm, you sharpen it to 79mm - this gives the hundred cubes mentioned above, but the walls between the cylinder itself and the cooling channels become much thinner, the motor is more prone to overheating. Maybe if you don’t drive much, high-quality work on such a bore makes sense, but if you drive 50,000 km a year, or maybe more, it should be understood that such a motor will no longer have the next bore, there is simply nowhere to sharpen it. What if a damaged piston scratches the cylinder wall? - with such a “limiting” bore, you will have to change the engine block. If you do the boring procedure on a 1.3 engine, with 79mm walls, you can bore it to a maximum of 82mm, with a piston stroke of 66mm (piston stroke on classic engines 2101-21063 1.2, 1.3l) you will also get an additional hundred cubes. It should be understood that such a method of increasing the volume will not give a significant increase in torque, or power, it makes sense to increase the volume in this way when all previous repair dimensions have already been passed.

An increase in the volume of the engine VAZ 2101, VAZ21063 due to an increase in the piston stroke.

This method is widely used by eminent tuning studios and factories when creating new cars. Thanks to the installation of a crankshaft with an increased stroke - 80mm, instead of 66, you can increase the engine displacement to 1.5 (engine 1.2), and up to 1.6 (engine 1.3 with 79mm walls). In order for the piston not to rest against the combustion chamber when starting the engine, because the piston stroke has increased by 7mm, you will need shorter, 129th connecting rods, or pistons with an offset pin. Both methods have their pros and cons, but as practice shows, using high-quality connecting rods is a more reliable option, since it is not uncommon for pistons with a displaced pin to burn out.

If you decide to go further, in terms of power gain, or torque, the camshaft has a very positive effect. Many install a 213-camshaft, from a field with a 1.7 engine, it gives torque at low and medium speeds, in general, this is a good option for a comfortable ride. The driver who previously drove the VAZ 2101, who had to constantly unscrew the engine for a dynamic ride, will be surprised by the high-torque and the absence of an hysterical howl of such an engine. When installing this camshaft, you will need a split gear, or a gear from the 213th Niva, do not confuse it with a Niva with a 1.6 engine.

When assembling the motor, do not save on gaskets, it is better to take the highest quality possible - this will save you from observing the squeezed out oil. Components (crankshaft, connecting rods, liners, pistons, etc.) are also of various quality - do not save money, buy good spare parts - this will give you a guarantee that you are driving a new motor.

It is possible to increase the volume of the engine VAZ 2101, VAZ 21063 by replacing the block, but when installing the 213th block, which, with a crankshaft with a stroke of 80 mm, gives a volume of 1.7, you yourself need to buy it), but it is also advisable to enter it in the registration certificate, especially if you travel abroad. The 213-block can be fitted not only with a native crankshaft, but also with a crankshaft with an 84mm stroke, it costs $ 300 and gives another hundred cubes of volume, while you will need short, 129th connecting rods so that the piston does not rest against the combustion chamber.

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Replacing the Fuel Pump with a VAZ 2101-VAZ 2107
Replacement of antifreeze VAZ 2101, 2102, 2103 - VAZ 2107, replacement of coolant

The engine has a displacement of 1.2 liters. This is the minimum engine volume, it was installed on almost all VAZ cars. Some argue that Fiat engines were put on a penny. But we must not forget that the 2101 engine was really made on the basis of an Italian-made car engine. That's just the distance between the centers of the cylinders is much greater than that of Fiat. Due to this, VAZ engineers could, on the same basis, make an engine with a different volume. Actually, engines with a working volume of 1.5, 1.6, 1.3 went out of it, as well as for Niva cars.

Positive qualities of the engine

A 4-cylinder in-line engine is installed on the "penny", the camshaft is located in the upper part. The drive of the gas distribution mechanism on the "penny" is carried out using a chain. If you don’t tear the engine much, then its resource is about 200 thousand km. It is worth noting that several decades ago, tests were carried out on engines that were installed on cars that traveled throughout the Soviet Union. The tests involved cars that drove through deserts, steppes, in permafrost conditions. Moreover, the motors have traveled more than 200 thousand kilometers. And they have never been subjected to. As shown by the inspections, they could still serve for a very long time without repair. Their resource turned out to be quite high. At the same time, only the one recommended by the manufacturer was poured into the VAZ 2101 engine.

Motor maintenance

True, the engine needs timely maintenance. In particular, it is demanding on the size of the valve clearance. About once every ten thousand kilometers it is necessary to carry out an adjustment. If this is not done, then a knock will appear, and after warming up the engine may simply stall. As for the penny engine injection system, it also needs adjustments and repairs. It is worth noting that the motor has a lot of shortcomings, if you look at it from the point of view of modern technology. About 700 grams of oil is consumed per thousand kilometers. This is a lot. It is also quite common for the engine to overheat. And the reason for this may lie both in the thermostat and in the liquid pump. Much less often it lies in the breakdown of the fan. On some, you can still find a cooling system that uses a mechanically driven impeller. Sometimes a high temperature in the engine occurs after refueling with gasoline with a very high octane rating. On a VAZ 2101 car, you can increase it if you carry out some modernization. This will be discussed below.

Smoke from the exhaust

If the engine began to smoke, then, most likely, the seals on the valves were destroyed. Or the guide bushings are completely worn out. Among the minor faults, one can single out, for example, the wrong setting of the carburetor, it creates too rich a mixture. And the saddest failure is the destruction of the rings on the pistons. By car, the engine was originally equipped with a classic contact ignition system. She is very picky, requires constant care, cleaning contacts, adjusting gaps. Therefore, many motorists prefer to install But what engine can you put on a VAZ 2101? There is only one answer to this - anyone! It all depends on how “golden” your hands are.

Piston group

Fortunately, you can improve the motor if you upgrade it. Of course, you will have to get rid of all the shortcomings that are described above. You will also need to acquire the necessary tools and materials, which entails certain financial waste. It would be much easier to install an engine from nine or twelfth, they are more high-speed and powerful. And most importantly - they fit perfectly on the mounts. Of course, you can bore the cylinders up to a diameter of 82 millimeters in order to subsequently install pistons from the Niva car. But pay attention to the fact that the bottom of the pistons is flat. It is best to take these elements from a VAZ 2112 car. Provided that the total stroke is 66 millimeters, this will increase to 1.4 liters. Consequently, the power characteristic of the VAZ 2101 engine will improve much.

Tuning nuances

They increase the force with which the pistons are pressed against the cylinder. Consequently, the reliability of the motor, as well as its resource, deteriorates many times over. And when the VAZ 2101 is carried out with your own hands, consider all the nuances, try to comply with the requirements.

Vaz 2101 (a penny, as it is also popularly called) is the first car that was produced by the Volga Automobile Plant (1970). Has an unpretentious, concise appearance. The VAZ 2101 engine is located in front, and the driving wheels are the rear wheels. To ensure optimal weight distribution along the axles, the engine has been moved forward as much as possible, and therefore the car itself becomes more stable on the road.
We can say that the experts did their best to adapt the VAZ 2101 to the conditions of our country. A spacious interior that could accommodate five people and improved dynamics were deservedly appreciated by buyers at one time.

Compared to its progenitor FIAT - 124, during the entire time of its production, it underwent only a slight cosmetic upgrade.

The first series of carburetors for the VAZ 2101 was produced until 1974, the second series - until 1976, the third - from 1976 to 1978 year. And since 1979, the installation of carburetors of the Ozone - 2105 series was carried out, on which an autonomous idle host system was installed. Then they began to produce modifications of the VAZ 2101 and 2103, with an engine of 1.3 and 1.2 liters and a modernized body.
The production of the VAZ-21011 car was stopped in 1981, and the beloved “zero-first” in 1982. And then only the "hybrid" Vaz - 21013 was produced.

Table in the technical characteristics of the VAZ-2101 (Kopeyka)

Engine	1.2l, 8-cl.	1.2l, 8-cl.	1.3l, 8-cl.
Length, mm	4073	4043	4043
Width, mm	1611	1611	1611
Height, mm	1440	1440	1440
Wheel base, mm	2424	2424	2424
Front track, mm	1349	1349	1349
Rear track, mm	1305	1305	1305
Clearance, mm
Trunk volume minimum, l
Body type / number of doors	Sedan/4
Engine location	front, lengthwise
Engine volume, cm 3	1198	1198	1300
Cylinder type	inline
Number of cylinders
Piston stroke, mm
Cylinder diameter, mm
C temperature compression
Number of valves per cylinder
Supply system	Carburetor
Power, hp / rev. min.	64/5600	64/5600	70/5600
Torque	89/3400	89/3400	96/3400
Fuel type	AI-92	AI-92	AI-92
Drive unit	Rear	Rear	Rear
Type of gearbox / number of gears	MT/4	MT/4	MT/4
Gear ratio of the main pair
Front suspension type	double transverse lever arm
Rear suspension type	helical spring
steering type	Worm gear
Fuel tank volume, l
Curb weight of the car, kg
Permissible gross weight, kg	1355	1355	1355
Tires	155SR13	165/70SR13	155SR13
Acceleration time (0-100 km/h), s
Fuel consumption in the urban cycle, l
Fuel consumption in extra-urban cycle, l
Fuel consumption in the combined cycle, l

Characteristics of the VAZ 2101 engine

Years of release - (1970 - 1983)
Cylinder block material - cast iron
Power system - carburetor
Type - in-line
Number of cylinders - 4
Valves per cylinder - 2
Piston stroke - 66 mm
Cylinder diameter - 76 mm
Compression ratio - 8.5
The engine capacity of the VAZ 2101 is 1198 cm3.
Engine power vaz 2101 - 59 hp /5600 rpm
Torque - 89 Nm
Fuel - AI92
Fuel consumption - city 9.4 l. | track 6.9 l. | mixed 9.2 l/100 km
Oil consumption - 700 gr. per 1000 km
Engine weight vaz 2101 - 114kg
Overall dimensions of the VAZ 2101 engine (LxWxH), mm - 540x522x621
What kind of oil to pour into the VAZ 2101 engine:
5W-30
5W-40
10W-40
15W-40
How much oil is in the engine 2101: 3.75 liters.
When replacing, pour about 3.5 liters.

Resource vaz 2101:
1. According to the plant - 125 thousand km
2. In practice - 200 thousand km

TUNING
Potential - 200 HP
Without loss of resource, about 70-75 hp.

The 2101 engine was installed on:
VAZ 2101
VAZ 2102
VAZ 21035
VAZ 21041
VAZ 21051

Malfunctions and repair of the engine 2101

Engine VAZ 2101 1.2 liters. basic for the entire classic VAZ family, contrary to some opinions that the VAZ 2101 has a Fiat engine, this is not entirely true, the 2101 engine was created from a crude prototype of the FIAT 124 engine. working volume of the engine. Subsequently, engines of 1.3 liters, 1.5 liters, 1.6 liters were built from it. up to 1.7 liters. and 1.8 liters.
The penny motor is a carburetor in-line 4-cylinder with an overhead camshaft, the gas distribution mechanism 2101 has a chain drive. The motor belongs to the Zhiguli so-called "classic" series with a low block. The resource of the VAZ 2101 engine, in a quiet mode of operation, with timely maintenance, reaches 180-200 thousand km.

On models from 1970-1974, the penny engine has higher reliability, since production was controlled by specialists from FIAT. Before describing the endless engine problems, I wanted to answer the question of where the VAZ 2101 has the engine number. We stand in front of the car, on the left side, we look at the front of the engine block, in the area where the breather and crankshaft pulley are located. Look carefully, the writing is small.
Let's move on to the problems of the VAZ 2101, on the engines there is a problem of increased camshaft wear. The motor also needs a systematic (every 7-10 thousand km) adjustment of valve clearances, this will be indicated by a loud knock when the engine is idling, heard from the driver's seat with the hood closed.
Weber and Ozone carburetors constantly require CO adjustment and cleaning. High oil consumption vaz 2101, up to 0.7 liters per 1000 km. The VAZ 2101 engine heats up very often, the reasons for this are a malfunction of the cooling system thermostat. Occasionally, the cause of overheating of the VAZ 2101 engine can be a fan failure, a pump malfunction, the use of gasoline with an octane rating higher than recommended, and a number of various minor reasons. It is not uncommon for the VAZ 2101 engine to smoke, for which there are a number of main reasons: burnout of the piston rings, the carburetor is rich, the valve seals are out of order, the valve guides are worn out, and much more. Most often, this is a sign that an overhaul of the VAZ 2101 engine is waiting for you. It is also not uncommon for the VAZ 2101 engine to troit, which leads to its rapid wear. Among the reasons is a malfunction of the ignition system, while fuel consumption increases, loss of tightness in the cylinder during compression, timing failure, too lean mixture, piston or valve prog, incorrectly adjusted valves, and more.
Malfunctions of the VAZ 2101 engine can be listed endlessly, the most basic ones are described above, in other cases you need to contact the masters.

Engine tuning 2101
Description of the process of tuning the VAZ 2101 engine

Tuning a penny engine, or as they say, forcing a VAZ 2101 engine, is a risky business, given the above and given the general deterioration of the engine, if this does not stop, then let's go .. first, consider from the point of view of increasing the working volume of the engine. This is the most affordable way to improve your motor, increase power and torque throughout the range. The installation option for sports camshafts, cylinder head bores, compressors, etc. will also be described in detail below. But given the fact that your engine is 2101 bu, then hanging too much on it is fraught with consequences.
Since to increase the engine power of the VAZ 2101, let's start with cars of 1970-1974, they are distinguished by the possibility of installing a field of pistons with a diameter of 82 mm from the VAZ 21213 Niva, thanks to the thick-walled cylinder block. So that the compression ratio of 2101 does not sink (a puddle in pistons 21213), you need to take pistons with a flat bottom or lighter pistons 2112 and cut off the displacer from the pistons. With a standard stroke of 66 mm, the volume of the engine will be 1.4 liters. We get an increase in power, the engine itself will be very high-speed.
The increase in the volume of the VAZ 2101 engine after 1974 is somewhat different, the cylinder block became thin-walled in order to save metal, the maximum possible piston diameter is 79 mm from the VAZ 21011 or 2105.
Increased piston stroke up to 80 mm. implemented by installing a crankshaft from the VAZ 2103 and connecting rods with a reduced center distance (129 instead of 136) or installing pistons with a reduced compression height, manufactured by TRT.
Cons of short connecting rods - the angle of inclination of the connecting rod, the greater the angle of inclination, the more force it presses the piston against the cylinder wall, the resistance to movement increases, the lubrication conditions deteriorate, the cylinder walls wear out, the connecting rod operates under greater load (especially in the center of the connecting rod), engine reliability 2101 is decreasing.
Of the pluses, we note a good cylinder filling rate at medium and low speeds, a more homogeneous mixture, and improved combustion.
The disadvantages of TRT pistons are their lower strength in relation to the standard VAZ 2101, the thermal load on the ring and the likelihood of piston burnout.
Increased piston stroke up to 84 mm. VAZ 2130 crankshaft, as well as use TRT pistons, connecting rods shrink up to 134 mm.

Engine bore VAZ 2101

The crankshaft and bore of the VAZ 2101 engine will give you the following volumes:

1.3 l. 79x66 (cylinder diameter X stroke) ~64 hp
Maximum torque about 95Nm at 3400rpm
We get an analogue of the engine 21011
- larger diameter piston, standard stroke
1.4 l. 82x66 (until 1974)
Such VAZ engines were not mass-produced, there is little information on the construction of such engines. This is explained by the fact that for the adequate use of such a motor, you need a reinforced bottom, forged pistons, choose the right horse shaft, etc., plus correctly configure everything. The maximum speed of the correct configuration is more than 9000 rpm. The resource of such an engine is about 20 thousand, depending on the operation.
- standard piston, increased stroke
1.5 l. 76x80 ~70 hp
Maximum torque approx. 105Nm at 3000rpm
An analogue of the VAZ 2103 engine on a low block. This option is the answer to all questions on how to improve the VAZ 2101 engine.

1.6 l. 79x80 ~75 hp
Maximum torque approx. 115Nm at 3000rpm
An analogue of the VAZ 2106 engine on a low block.
- larger diameter piston, increased stroke
1.7 l. 82x80 (until 1974) ~ 80 hp
Maximum torque ~125Nm at 3200rpm
The configuration repeats the engine from the cornfield to 2101 on a low block
- larger diameter piston, increased stroke
1.8 l. 82x84 ~80 hp (until 1974 onwards)
Maximum torque ~135Nm at 3000rpm
For such a volume, the engine 2103 is more intended

Tuning cylinder head VAZ 2101

A good option for upgrading the VAZ 2101 engine by removing the roughness of the channels, polishing the cylinder head channels and the VAZ 2101 manifold reduces intake resistance, the power of the penny engine increases by about 5-8 horsepower, and the torque in the entire range also increases. For polishing, it is necessary to remove the cylinder head, wash it with a mixture of gasoline, kerosene and solvent. After that, an electric drill is taken, a rag is wound around the drill, and a skin is on top. The collector is fixedly fixed with a vice and we start sawing, after the collector bends, everything is done the same on a flexible rod. When finalizing the cylinder head on the classic, it is necessary to grind off the protrusion at the connection of the cylinder head and the exhaust valve (about 3 mm), after which we pass with the same tool until it is possible to insert the valve, after passing through all the channels and sawing the bushings into them, we polish the channels from the saddle side.
With additional boring of channels, the VAZ 2101 engine is capable of showing about 75 hp. It is also recommended to use T-shaped valves on the classic instead of tulip-shaped ones.

Camshaft for classic

I’ll note right away that the popular option for refining the VAZ 2101 engine by installing the Nivovsky camshaft on the classics will not work for racers, it will turn out to be a grassroots VAZ engine, the top will sink, and this is unacceptable. Optimal rollers for the VAZ 2101 with a modified cylinder head and an increased volume of up to 1.5-1.6 urban STI-2, a more sporty STI-3 or STI-4 sports wide-phase, the bottoms may sag on it, but the engine will easily spin over 7000 rpm /min We select a camshaft for a VAZ for a standard VAZ 2101 or VAZ 21011 engine, a good choice is Nuzhdin 10.5 256 or Nuzhdin 11.2.
A correctly selected camshaft for 2101, as well as a modified head, when boosting the VAZ 2101 engine, can show more than 80 hp.

Compressor for VAZ 2101

Ready-made compressor installation kits for the VAZ 2101 are offered on the market, for example, an auto-turbo compressor with a pressure of 0.5 and 0.7 bar. The 0.5 bar autoturbo compressor is installed with minimal modifications. When installing a compressor on a VAZ with a pressure of 0.5 bar on a modified cylinder head with a volume increased to 1.5-1.6 liters, the car will produce more than 120 hp. With a standard volume up to 90-100 hp The installation will possibly reduce the life of the VAZ 2101 engine.

Rotary engine on VAZ 2101

An extreme measure, because the price of a rotary engine for a VAZ will immediately force this idea to be discarded. From rotary engines to the classics, RPD VAZ-411 with a power of 120 hp, VAZ-413 with a power of 140 hp stand up. and VAZ-415 with a capacity of 140hp, but lighter. RPD VAZ-411 with a capacity of 120hp was put on a penny. with him the car was traveling about 180 km / h. The disadvantages of RPD VAZ are a low resource (with 125 thousand km declared by the manufacturer), high fuel consumption and high oil consumption (up to 1 liter per 1000 km).

Specifications

Characteristics of the VAZ 2101 engine
Years of release - (1970 - 1983)
Cylinder block material - cast iron
Power system - carburetor
Type - in-line
Number of cylinders - 4
Valves per cylinder - 2
Piston stroke - 66 mm
Cylinder diameter - 76 mm
Compression ratio - 8.5
The engine capacity of the VAZ 2101 is 1198 cm3.
Engine power vaz 2101 - 59 hp /5600 rpm
Torque - 89 Nm
Fuel - AI92
Fuel consumption - city 9.4 l. | track 6.9 l. | mixed 9.2 l/100 km
Oil consumption - 700 gr. per 1000 km
Engine weight vaz 2101 - 114kg
Overall dimensions of the VAZ 2101 engine (LxWxH), mm - 540x522x621

What kind of oil to pour into the VAZ 2101 engine:

5W-30
5W-40
10W-40
15W-40

How much oil is in the engine 2101: 3.75 liters.
When replacing, pour about 3.5 liters.

Engine resource vaz 2101 :
1. According to the plant - 125 thousand km
2. In practice - 200 thousand km

TUNING
Potential - 200 HP
Without loss of resource, about 70-75 hp.

Engine 2101 was installed on:
VAZ 2101
VAZ 2102
VAZ 21035
VAZ 21041
VAZ 21051

Positive aspects of the engine

A 4-cylinder in-line engine is installed on the “penny”, the camshaft is located in the upper part. The drive of the gas distribution mechanism on the "penny" is carried out using a chain. If you don’t tear the engine much, then its resource is about 200 thousand km. It is worth noting that several decades ago, tests were carried out on engines that were installed on cars that traveled throughout the Soviet Union. The tests involved cars that drove through deserts, steppes, in permafrost conditions. Moreover, the motors have traveled more than 200 thousand kilometers. And they have never been overhauled. As shown by the checks carried out, they could still serve for a very long time without repair. Their resource turned out to be quite high. At the same time, only the one recommended by the manufacturer was poured into the oil.

Engine maintenance, valve adjustment intervals.

True, the engine needs timely maintenance. In particular, it is demanding on the size of the valve clearance. About once every ten thousand kilometers it is necessary to carry out an adjustment. If this is not done, then a knock will appear, and after warming up the engine may simply stall. As for the penny engine injection system, it also needs adjustments and repairs. It is worth noting that the motor has a lot of shortcomings, if you look at it from the point of view of modern technology. About 700 grams of oil is consumed per thousand kilometers, if a motor with high mileage was eaten, then more. It is also quite common for the engine to overheat. And the reason for this may lie both in the thermostat and in the liquid pump. Much less often it lies in the breakdown of the fan. On some, you can still find a cooling system that uses a mechanically driven impeller. Sometimes a high temperature in the engine occurs after refueling with gasoline with a very high octane rating. On a VAZ 2101 car, engine power can be increased if some modernization is carried out. This will be discussed below.

An interesting article about biofuel produced from ordinary sawdust, more .

If there is smoke coming from the exhaust

If the engine began to smoke, then, most likely, the seals on the valves were destroyed. Or the guide bushings are completely worn out. Among the minor faults, one can single out, for example, the wrong setting of the carburetor, it creates too rich a mixture. And the saddest failure is the destruction of the rings on the pistons. On a VAZ 2101 car, the engine was originally equipped with a classic contact ignition system. She is very picky, requires constant care, cleaning contacts, adjusting gaps. Therefore, many motorists prefer to install a contactless ignition system. But what engine can be put on the VAZ 2101? There is only one answer to this - anyone! It all depends on how “golden” your hands are.

If the engine troit-reasons

Causes of the "triple" of the VAZ car engine

Wrong ignition timing
Spark plug failure
Breakdown of a high-voltage wire. Capacitor failure
Loss of tightness in the intake manifold area (intake manifold, carburetor)
Burnout valve, piston
Breakage of piston rings
Incorrect valve adjustment
Destruction wear of rockers (valve levers)
Breakdown of the cylinder head gasket
Wear, hardening, destruction of valve stem seals
Very poor fuel quality
Incorrect carburetor adjustment
Wear of the distributor shaft, turntable bearing
Loss of tightness of a membrane of a vacuum advance ignition
Using spark plugs that are not suitable for the engine and other "malfunctions"

Incorrect ignition timing. With this option, I personally know not tripling, but like a slamming of the engine (passes), which is accompanied by a “bouncing” of the entire engine. This is especially noticeable at idle, as the speed increases, the gaps disappear. Most likely, your ignition is set too early, this may also be indicated by jerky scrolling of the engine by the starter at startup.
Spark plug failure- one of the most common reasons that the engine troit. There is nothing special to tell here, it is important to remember and replace the candles regularly, just the presence of a spark on an inverted candle at atmospheric pressure does not indicate its full performance, because ignition occurs under much more difficult conditions (Za Rulem magazine, back in Soviet times).
Breakdown of a high-voltage wire and a capacitor on a contact ignition system. Breakdown of the wire can be determined by replacing all the wires, as well as the capacitor. You can also try to determine the breakdown of the wire by looking at them in complete darkness, if there is a breakdown somewhere, then you will see flashes.
Loss of tightness in the collector area usually does not occur on its own. More often this happens due to incorrect assembly or bad gaskets.
As a rule, when a piston or valve burns out, the cylinder stops working at all or does not work for a long time. You can only determine by measuring compression and opening the engine.
Broken or stuck piston rings also a phenomenon not too frequent, because a number of conditions are necessary for its occurrence. You can check by measuring the compression, if it turns out to be low, then eliminate cylinder head malfunctions in a simple way - pour a little oil into the cylinder, if the compression rises, then there is a malfunction in the piston system.
With incorrect valve adjustment, everything is already clear- any valve may either not open or close completely. Correct valve adjustment can cure this problem. Rocker wear can also cause a similar problem. The valve stops opening properly and the cylinder stops working.
Trambler. Quite often, on not new machines, wear of both the shaft itself and the bushings in which it rotates, as a result of which it becomes impossible to establish an adequate gap between the contacts. The same thing happens if the turntable bearing is worn. Also, gaps can occur due to depressurization in the vacuum ignition timing advancer, where the membrane may fail.

Engine upgrade

Fortunately, you can improve the motor if you upgrade it. Of course, you will have to get rid of all the shortcomings that are described above. You will also need to acquire the necessary tools and materials, which entails certain financial waste. It would be much easier to install an engine from nine or twelfth, they are more high-speed and powerful. And most importantly - they fit perfectly on the mounts. Of course, you can bore the cylinders up to a diameter of 82 millimeters in order to subsequently install pistons from the Niva car. But pay attention to the fact that the bottom of the pistons is flat. It is best to take these elements from a VAZ 2112 car. Provided that the total stroke is 66 millimeters, the engine volume will increase to 1.4 liters. Consequently, the power characteristic of the VAZ 2101 engine will improve much.

tuning

But pay attention to what year the engine of your "penny" was manufactured. If earlier than 74 years, then such an option with Niva pistons can work. If later, then you can install pistons with a maximum diameter of 79 millimeters. In this case, it is desirable to install a crankshaft from a newer model 2103, it is advisable to take the connecting rods from it. But keep in mind that you should not install short connecting rods. They increase the force with which the pistons are pressed against the cylinder. Consequently, the reliability of the motor, as well as its resource, deteriorates many times over. And when the VAZ 2101 engine is being repaired with your own hands, consider all the nuances, try to comply with the requirements.

Increase in engine volume VAZ 2101

An increase in the volume of the VAZ 2101 engine, due to an increase in the piston stroke.

It is important to understand that piston burnout in most cases is the result of detonation. Not every master says (sometimes he simply doesn’t know it himself) that when the volume is increased by this method, the compression ratio increases, that is, the volume of the combustion chamber remains the same, but the piston stroke increases, so when the piston rises to the top point, it compresses the mixture stronger than on a standard VAZ engine. And this is good, because the compression ratio increases the power of the engine, sports car manufacturers often create engines with a high compression ratio, but the driver of the Zhiguli is used to driving on 92nd gasoline, and such an engine will work well on 95th. Detonation is very easy to determine, at a low speed, minimal, but which the car still pulls in fourth gear, you should drown the pedal to the floor, if you hear a ringing metallic sound from the engine - this is detonation, some call this phenomenon - the ringing of fingers, but in fact In fact, these are the sounds of improper combustion of fuel. It is believed that when the pedal is abruptly depressed from the minimum speed to the fourth, detonation in 2-3 seconds is considered the norm, but it is better to adjust the ignition so that there is no detonation at all, you can find out how to adjust the ignition in the article ignition adjustment on the VAZ 2101 - 2107.