Deciphering information on the sidewalls of tires. What does the marking on a car tire mean and what are the main parameters for tires

When buying tires for your car, you need to pay close attention to the labeling, otherwise it may reduce the technical characteristics of the vehicle and the safety of its operation. Some things can be understood without any knowledge, for example, which company made the tire. Some inscriptions and numbers can also be intuitively understood, especially if you know exactly what you need. But sometimes required parameters tires can “coexist” with unwanted ones, or rather, if you know what a certain inscription, letter, number or label means, then your choice will become more meaningful from a practical point of view.

Let's start with the fact that the Russian market is represented by products of domestic, North American, European and other manufacturers. This means that the marking of tires, although not significantly, will be different.

There are several main standards:

1. Economic Commission for Europe is a European standard, it is very common, it is marked on tires in the form of the letter E in a circle with a number. The number is the code for the country that performed the certification.
2. Department of Transportation is an American standard, marked as DOT. It should be noted that Americans have two standards, they differ in the metric system used. One standard is based on the Metric Sizing System, which is a European system based on measurements in millimeters. The second on the P-Metric Sizing System is a purely American system based on measurements in inches.
3. GOST 4754-97 is a domestic standard used by Russian manufacturers.
4. Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association - the Japanese JATMA standard, is very rare and in most cases in the Far East. This is what neither is "dear" Bridgestone, Toyo, Yokohama, Sumitomo and a number of others for domestic Japanese consumption.

Here are the main standards according to which tires are marked, but not all. For example, there is also an Australian standard based on ADR23, and many others, but we will not delve into the exotic.

And lastly, there are also tires that are labeled according to two standards at the same time. Both E and DOT are applied to them.

Tire dimensions.

So, let's begin. We take the tire and carefully look at the sidewall, starting from the outer radius. The first thing you should pay attention to is the size of the tire, they are printed in very large letters and numbers. You will see the inscription - 205/60 R16 92 H or other numbers in the same sequence. The Americans have P 205/60 R16, and if P-Metric is used, then, for example, it can be like this - 31x10.5 R15 or 35x12.50 R 15 LT 113R. A mixed system may look like this - 6.15-13 / 155-13.

The first number 205 is the width of the tread (tire) in millimeters (or in inches from our example 10.5 or 12.50). This parameter affects the dynamics of the car and the safety of its operation.

The second number 60 is the ratio of the profile height to the width of the tire as a percentage. It should be clearly understood here that if, for example, the rubber is wider, and given parameter the same, the height of the profile will not be the same, it will be larger. Suppose, if we take our tire 205/60 R16 and, for example, 215/60 R16, then at first glance you might think that they are the same, including profiles, because both have this value equal to 60, only the tread of the second is wider by 10 mm. But we must not forget that 60 is a relative value - this is a ratio, the result of calculations. Let's do the reverse calculation and find out the real value in mm for these two tires - 205/60 R16 and 215/60 R16:

1. 60:100x205=123mm;
2. 60:100x215=129mm.

From our calculations, it can be seen that with equal values ​​of this percentage (60), the profile height of the second tire is greater than that of the first. This must be taken into account, because, in most cases, an increase (change) in this indicator, relative to that recommended for your machine, is undesirable and even unacceptable.

Often, the percentage of the ratio of the height of a tire profile to its width is simply called “profile”. In no case should we forget that this is a relative value, i.e. it is far from always possible to judge the real height of the profile by this parameter.

Although, of course, this warning applies to cases when you order rubber, and if you buy it yourself, then, basically, the difference in profile height between two different tires can be seen without calculations.

The letter R - indicates the type of tire. In our case, it is radial, if there is no letter or there is D, then we have a diagonal tire, but they are found on passenger cars mobile much less often, we talked about this in.

After the letter R is a number, in our case 16 (and 15 in mixed markings after the hyphen 13). This is the bore diameter rim in inches. Here, we hope, everything is clear. This diameter must match the diameter of your car - otherwise nothing. The Americans stood out, the first digit, in our case 31 or 35, is the outer diameter of the tire in inches.

The next number 92 (113) is the load index. A very important parameter that shows which tire can support the weight depends on its design and what materials were used in the manufacture of the sidewall and carcass. To determine the load index, take gross weight of your car, increase it by 30% and divide by 4. And then look at the plate and select, according to the mass obtained in your calculations (in kg), the appropriate load index in the first column of the table:

Tire Load Index.

		65	639	290	84	1102	500	103	1929	875
		66	661	300	85	1135	515	104	1984	900
		67	677	307	86	1168	530	105	2039	925
		68	694	315	87	1201	545	106	2094	950
		69	717	325	88	1235	560	107	2149	975
		70	739	335	89	1279	580	108	2205	1000
		71	761	345	90	1323	600	109	2271	1030
		72	783	355	91	1356	615	110	2337	1060
		73	805	365	92	1389	630	111	2403	1090
		74	827	375	93	1433	650	112	2469	1120
		75	853	387	94	1477	670	113	2535	1150
		76	882	400	95	1521	690	114	2601	1180
		77	908	412	96	1565	710	115	2679	1215
		78	937	425	97	1609	730	116	2756	1250
		79	963	437	98	1653	750	117	2833	1285
		80	992	450	99	1709	775	118	2910	1320
		81	1019	462	100	1764	800	119	2998	1360
		82	1047	475	101	1819	825	120	3086	1400
		83	1074	487	102	1874	850	121	3197	1450

And the last letter, in our case H, is the speed index. Denotes speed mode in which the vehicle can be operated as safely and comfortably as possible, and the tire can maintain its round shape and effectively resist bursting. It all depends on what and how the breaker is made of.

Permissible speed indices.

Speed ​​index	J	K	L	M	N	P	Q	R	S	T	U	H	V	VR	W	Y	ZR
Add. Speed ​​- km/h	100	110	120	130	140	150	160	170	180	190	200	210	240	>210	270	300	>240

• Passanger - tires installed on cars, marking P;
• Light Truck - tires designed for light trucks, vans and minibuses, marked LT;
• Special Trailer - these are tires for trailers, trailers, ST marking;
• Temporary - "temporary", "dokatka", used as a spare tire, marked T;
• Light Truck Personal - not entirely clear, but translated as light trucks personal use, marking LTP.

In the same place on the outer radius of the tire, next to the size indication, you can see the name of the manufacturer on English language and tire model name. For example, Bridgestone Potenza or Nokian Hakkapeliitta R.

If the information indicated above is present in one form or another in the marking of any tire, then further is more difficult. Various manufacturers post the same information in different places, but this is not the worst thing. Each manufacturer, in addition to inscriptions, comes up with their own pictograms with drawings, which are quite difficult to understand.

That's why important advice- before buying the selected tire, in order to deal with the marking, go to the manufacturer's website, this is the only way to understand what the pictogram of a Chinese border guard with a dog means, applied as a marking on the tire.

But seriously, let's dwell on the main notation, but if you haven't found below in our article the necessary information, then welcome to the manufacturer's website.

Manufacturer and production date.

So, without fail, Made in is applied to the tire (produced in ...), the country in which the tire was made is indicated. For example, Made in Finland (made in Finland) or Made in France (made in France).

To find the production date, look for four digits (may be in an oval). The first two digits are the week of production, the last two are the year. For example, 3813 (the thirty-eighth week, that is, the second half of September 2013).

Specifications and design features.

Most manufacturers indicate the technical characteristics and design features of tires in the tire marking, as well as put certain marks. Let's start with RSC technology (RunFlat System Componen). Simply put, these tires can travel a certain distance after damage, i.e. for low speed(up to 80 km / h) you can drive on a flat tire up to 150 km. Different manufacturers have their own markings for such tires, for example:

• DSST - Dunlop;
• ZP SR or ZP - Michelin;
• Run Flat– Nokian;
• RFT-Bridgestone;
• RunOnFlat-Goodyear;
• SSR - Continental.

Now let's look at the main notation:

• tubeless tire - Tubeless or TL;
• the tire to be used with the tube is MIT SCHLAUCH, Tube Type, or TT;
• reinforced tire, several options are used - Reinf, XL (Extra Load) Reinforced or letters RF;
• tires with a radial type of construction - Radial;
• used in tire metal cord– Steel;
• retreaded tire - Retread;
• the maximum allowable tire pressure, measured in kPa - MAX PRESSURE;
• the maximum allowable load per tire in kg or pounds - Max Load;
• TWID or TWI (tread wear index) - indicates the location of the tread indicator;

Some markings indicate the composition of the tire. Look for the inscription Plies: and the decoding of the information:

• Tread area - information of what the protector consists of, for example, Nylon and Steel (nylon and steel);
• Sidewall - information about what the sidewall consists of, for example, Nylon.

The degree of rim protection can also be indicated (more often on low-profile rubber - there is a disk protection rib). Main marking:

• rim without protection - FB (flat base);
• rim with protection - FR (flange protector);
• sidewalk and curb impact protection rim - MFS - (Maximum Flange Sheild) or RPB (Rim Protection Bar).

The latest feature from manufacturers is tires that save fuel. They are designated differently - you can meet Green X or Reduces CO2.

Tire specialization and operating conditions.

Each tire must indicate its specialization, that is, the purpose and operating conditions, there are several main options:

• snow and mud - M&S, M+S or the inscription Mud and Snow;
• mud tire - M / T or the inscription Mud Terrain;
• winter - a snowflake icon or the inscription Winter;
• rain tire - the inscriptions Rain (rain), Aquatred, Aqua, Aquacontact, and in some cases Water (water) or an umbrella icon - as a rule, a summer tire with increased resistance to aquaplaning;
• all-season - designated All Season, A.G.T. or AS, may be designed for a specific region, for example, All Season North America (all season for North America), also found Road + Winter or R + W;
• universal - AW, or the inscription Any Weather, can be used in any weather.

Installation order.

There are unique asymmetric tires and a number of others that require certain installation conditions, then the marking indicates how and where exactly the tire should be installed. Main options:

• the outer part of the asymmetric tire - the inscriptions Outside or Side Facing Out;
• the inner part of the asymmetric tire - Inside or Side Facing Inwards;
• the direction of rotation of the directional tire is an arrow and the inscription Rotation;
• the tire is installed only on the left side - the inscription Left;
• the tire is installed exclusively on right side- the inscription Right.

Tire homologation.

In order to improve the performance of tires, manufacturers make their homologation. Speaking in an accessible language, they produce tires for cars of a certain manufacturer. Here is the homologation marking for the main manufacturers:

• Mercedes-Benz - MO and variations for certain models, for example, MO1 for the SL65 AMG;
• Porsche - N and a number, for example, N0, N1, N2, N, in some cases are also suitable for Volkswagen Touareg;
• Audi- general marking AO, for model range Quattro-RO
• BMW - homologation hidden under the *, for the M-series * BMW;
• Ferrari - tires for horses from the Italian stable designate K1;
• Jaguar - tires for an English kitten are marked with the letter J.

The list goes on, if you find such a marking, then contact the manufacturer's website.

And again the Americans.

The American UTOG marking has its own nuances. Therefore, you can find the following marking on American tires:

• Traction - coefficient of adhesion to the road, it can be A, B or C, that is, for example, Traction C, the best, of course, is A;
• Temperature - heat resistance, all also A, B or C;
• Treadwear and a number - the degree of wear resistance, base 100, for example, Treadwear300.

Colored labels.

Tires can have not only inscriptions and pictograms, but also colored marks. The main ones are:

• yellow triangle, square or circle - the lightest place on the tire, usually near the nipple (combines with the heaviest place on the rim during tire fitting for better balancing);
• a triangle, square or red circle is the place where the maximum power heterogeneity is located, each tire has it and is determined by the production technology (during tire fitting, the red mark is combined with the white mark on the disk).

You can also find white stamps, colored stripes, but they are not important during tire operation.

The possibility of spikes.

To understand whether a tire can be studded or not, pay attention to the markings. The Studless inscription says that studding is not possible, and the Studdable inscription says that such tires can be studded.

And the last. Retreaded tires are designated Retread, and those with minor defects and factory discrepancies are designated DA.

If this ratio is not indicated (for example, 185/R14С), then it is equal to 80-82% and the tire is called full profile. Reinforced tires with this marking are usually used on minibuses and light trucks, where a large maximum wheel load is very important.

R stands for radial tire (in fact, almost all tires are made this way these days).
Many mistakenly believe that R - means tire radius, but this is precisely the radial design of the tire. There is also a diagonal design (indicated by the letter D), but recently it has practically not been produced, since its performance is noticeably worse.

16 wheel (rim) diameter in inches. (It is the diameter, not the radius! This is also a common mistake). This is the “landing” diameter of the tire on the disk, i.e. is the inside size of the tire or the outside of the rim. You can read more about disc labeling in the Disc Labeling section.

H tire speed index. The larger it is, the more speed You can drive on this tire, (in our case IS H up to 210 km/h). Speaking about the tire speed index, I would like to note that with this parameter the tire manufacturer guarantees normal work rubber with the constant movement of the car at the specified speed for several hours.

Speed ​​index table:

Speed ​​index	J	K	L	M	N	P	Q	R	S	T	U	H	V	VR	W	Y	ZR
Max. Speed ​​(km/h)	100	110	120	130	140	150	160	170	180	190	200	210	240	>210	270	300	>240

94 load index. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel. For passenger cars, it is usually done with a margin and is not a decisive factor when choosing tires (in our case, ID 94 670 kg.). For minibuses and small trucks, this parameter is very important and must be observed.

Tire load index table:

Load index	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69
250	257	265	272	280	290	300	307	315	325

Load index	70	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79
335	345	355	365	375	387	400	412	426	437

Load index	80	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89
450	462	475	487	500	515	530	545	560	580

Load index	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99
600	615	630	650	670	690	710	730	750	775

Load index	100	101	102	103	104	105	106	107	108	109
800	825	850	875	900	925	950	975	1000	1030

Load index	110	111	112	113	114	115	116	117	118	119
1060	1090	1120	1150	1180	1215	1250	1285	1320	1360

Load index	120	121	122	123	124	125	126	127	128	129
1400	1450	1500	1550	1600	1650	1700	1750	1800	1850

Attention!

The load index in the table is indicated for one wheel of the vehicle. To calculate the maximum allowable weight machines need to be multiplied Weight Limit the load of one wheel by the number of wheels (for example, for a passenger car, you need to multiply by 4).

American designations: standard size (decoding)

There are two different markings for American tires.

The first is very similar to the European one, only the letters “P” (Passanger - for a passenger car) or “LT" (Light Truck - light truck). For example: P 195/60 R 14 or LT 235/75 R15.

And another tire marking, which is fundamentally different from the European one.

For example: 31x10.5 R15 (corresponds to European standard size 265/75 R15)

31 is the outside diameter of the tire in inches.
10.5 is tire width in inches.
R - a tire of a radial design (older models of tires were with a diagonal design).
15 is the inner diameter of the tire in inches.

Generally speaking, if we do not count the inches that are unusual for us, then american labeling tires is logical and more understandable, unlike the European one, where the height of the tire profile is not constant and depends on the width of the tire. And here everything is simple with decoding: the first digit of the standard size is the outer diameter, the second is the width, the third is the inner diameter.
To convert one type of standard size to another, you can use the tire calculator in inches.

Colored labels used for marking

Yellow marking on the tire(round or triangular mark) on the sidewall indicates the lightest spot on the tire. When installing a new tire on a rim, the yellow mark must be aligned with the heaviest spot on the rim. This is usually where the nipple is attached. This allows you to improve the balance of the wheel and put weights of less weight.
On tires with mileage, this yellow marking is not so relevant, since, as a rule, when the tire wears out, its balance shifts.

Red dot on the tire- means the place of maximum power heterogeneity, the manifestation of which is usually associated with various connections of different layers of the tire during its manufacture. These irregularities are completely normal and all tires have them. But usually only those tires that go to the primary equipment of cars are marked with red dots, i.e. when the car leaves the factory.

This red mark is combined with white marks on the discs (white marking marks on the discs are also placed mainly for the original configuration of the car), which indicate the closest place to the center of the wheel. This is done so that the maximum inhomogeneity in the tire is minimally affected when driving, providing a more balanced power characteristic wheels. During normal tire fitting, it is not recommended to pay attention to the tire marking with a red mark, but to be guided by the yellow mark, combining it with the nipple.

Marking - white stamp with number means the number of the inspector who carried out the final inspection of the tire at the manufacturing plant. This is done to improve product quality control.

colored stripes tires are made on the tread to make it more convenient to “identify” the tire in the warehouse. All tire models and different sizes have different markings. Therefore, when tires are stacked in warehouses, it is immediately clear that a given stack of tires has the same size and model. These colored stripes on the tire have no other semantic load.

Additional information on the tire sidewall

XL or Extra Load a reinforced tire with a load index that is 3 points higher than conventional tires of the same size.

M+S or tire marking M&S   (Mud + Snow) mud plus snow and means that the tires are all-weather or winter.

On many summer tires for SUVs, M&S is indicated. However, these tires must not be used in winter time, because Winter tires have a completely different rubber compound and tread pattern, and the M&S badge indicates good tire flotation.

All Season or AS All season tires.
Aw (Any Weather) Any weather.

Pictogram * (snowflake) rubber is designed for use in harsh winter conditions.
If this marking is not on the sidewall of the tire, then this tire is intended for use only in summer conditions.

Aquatred , Aquacontact , Rain , Water , Aqua or pictogram (umbrella) special rain tyres.

Outside and Inside asymmetric tires. When installing, the inscription Outside must be on the outside of the car, and Inside on the inside.

RunFlat, RSC (RunFlat System Component) RunFlat tires are tires on which you can continue to drive a car at a speed of no more than 80 km / h with a FULL loss of pressure in the tire (due to a puncture or cut). On these tires, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations, you can drive from 50 to 150 km. Read more about RunFlat technology on the Runflat Tires page.
Various tire manufacturers use various designations RSC technologies. For example: Bridgestone RFT, Continental SSR, Goodyear RunOnFlat, Nokian Run Flat, Michelin ZP, etc.

Rotation or arrow this marking on the tire sidewall indicates a directional tire. When installing the tire, you must strictly observe the direction of rotation of the wheel, indicated by the arrow.

Tubeless tubeless tyre. In the absence of this inscription, the tire can only be used with a camera.
Tube Type indicates that this tire must be used with a tube only.

Max Load the maximum allowable load on each wheel of the vehicle, in kg.

Reinforced or the letters RF in the size (for example 195/70 R15RF) means that this is a reinforced tire (6 layers). Letter WITH at the end of the size (e.g. 195/70 R15C) indicates truck tire(8 layers).

Radial - this marking on the rubber in the standard size means that this is a radial tire design.
Steel means that there is a metal cord in the tire structure.

Letter E (in a circle) the tire complies with the European requirements of ECE (Economic Commission for Europe).
DOT (Department of Transportation US Department of Transportation) American quality standard.

Temperature A , B or C heat resistance of tires at high speeds on the test bench (A is the best indicator).
Traction A, B or C - the ability of the tire to brake on a wet roadway.
Treadwear Relative expected mileage compared to a specific US standard test.

TWI (Tread Wear Indiration) - tire tread wear indicators. The marking on the TWI wheel can also be with an arrow. Pointers are evenly spaced in eight or six places around the entire circumference of the tire and show the minimum allowable depth protector. The wear indicator is made in the form of a protrusion with a height of 1.6 mm (the minimum tread value for light vehicles) and is located in the tread recess (usually in the drainage grooves).
More about wear car tires can be read on the Tire Wear page.

How to find out the date of manufacture of a tire

To determine the age of a tire, there is a special marking on its sidewall, which is applied during production.

The date of manufacture of the tire is written in the form of four digits in an oval (for example 1805) the first two digits are the week of manufacture, the next two are the year of manufacture (in our example, April 2005).

1. Trademark- each manufacturer has its own tire name, which should inform the buyer about their features. Let's take Bridgestone as an example. Models BLIZZAK and ICE CRUISER - means that they belong to winter tires, and the second model belongs to the premium segment. Model MY-02 is summer tires and has a pronounced sporty focus.

The most popular tire models are: Continental, Nokian, Michelin, Dunlop, Bridgestone, Kumho, Pirelli, Maxxis, Toyo, Nordman, Viatti and others.

2. Designation of the maximum load. Some companies write in small print MAX LOAD (maximum load) and then indicate the load in kilograms and English pounds (example MAX LOAD 515kg (1135lbs), 1lbs = 0.4536 kg). I consider it necessary to warn against one common misconception. Some drivers find it sufficient to multiply this value by 4 (i.e., the number of wheels) to get the maximum weight of the car, which is suitable for tires with a given load. You can't do that.

First, the resulting mass is greatly overestimated. Tires should not operate under the maximum weight load. Therefore, 20% must be subtracted from the maximum mass - if you have a passenger car or 30% - if you have an SUV. Secondly, if you subtract the required percentages, it is not a fact that this mass will be acceptable. MAX LOAD - maximum load, without reference to the design features of a particular vehicle. And such a link is required.

3-4-5 - mark required according to regulatory documents on informing consumers (quality level); TREAD WEAR INDEX - wear resistance index, TRACTION INDEX - grip index; TEMPERATURE INDEX - temperature index.

Treadwear is an indicator of wear. It has a value from 60 to 620 units with an interval of 20. Reference tires have a value of 100. The higher this value, the longer the tires will run. Wear resistance is determined by a special method. They take two cars with reference tires and test subjects. They pass a certain route with a length of more than 10,000 km one after another. Conditions for cars are identical. Based on the results, the intensity of wear is calculated, and how much this rubber will last until the maximum mileage. For example, Nordman tires have Treadwear 500 units and Continental only 280.

6. Maximum allowable air pressure- indicated in kilopascals and "atmospheres" for a tire in a "cold" state (for example, 3.0 atmospheres or 44psi). If the maximum pressure of 2.4 atm is indicated, then pumping higher is dangerous.

The letter R stands for the radial "RADIAL" tire design and the mounting diameter of the rim. Rim diameter is measured in inches and millimeters. When translating, 1 inch = 25.4 mm should be considered. For example, consider the marking type R14 - this does not mean the 14th radius, but the radial design of the rubber and its diameter is 14 inches.

11. Load index- the maximum weight load that the tire can withstand. The two-digit number put down is mathematically not tied to specific kilograms in any way - this is a conditional index.

Table 1. Deciphering the wheel load index.

Load index	Load index	Load index
50	190	67	307	84	500
51	195	68	315	85	512
52	200	69	325	86	530
53	206	70	335	87	545
54	212	71	345	88	560
55	218	72	355	89	580
56	224	73	365	90	600
57	230	74	375	91	615
58	236	75	387	92	630
59	243	76	400	93	650
60	250	77	412	94	670
61	257	78	425	95	690
62	265	79	437	96	710
63	272	80	450	97	730
64	280	81	462	98	750
65	290	82	475	99	775
66	300	83	487	100	800

12. Speed ​​category- shows the maximum design speed of the tire. The table below shows the equivalent maximum speed in km/h.

Table 2. Designation of speed on tires (in letters of the Latin alphabet).

Speed ​​index	Speed ​​(km/h)	Speed ​​index	Speed ​​(km/h)	Speed ​​index	Speed ​​(km/h)
L	120	R	170	V	240
M	130	S	180	W	270
N	140	T	190	Y	300
P	150	U	200	ZR	>240
Q	160	H	210	ZR(Y)	>300

The speed category assigned to the tire according to the results of special tests implies the maximum speed. That is, the speed, at the slightest excess of which no one can guarantee that the rubber will not begin to break down. For operation, a "sparing" mode is set - the car must drive at a speed 10-15% less than that which the tires "allow".

13. Design details- are fixed on the sides with appropriate inscriptions about the number of layers of the breaker and carcass, as well as about the cord material. For example, the inscription TREAD PLIES: 2 POLYESTER CORD+2 STEEL CORD+1 NYLON CORD means that the tire breaker consists of 2 layers of polyester + 2 layers of steel cord + 1 layer of nylon cord.

14. Additional information.

TWI - indicator of the location of the wear indicator. The tread wear indicator itself must be looked for at the bottom of the tread groove closest to the mark (if there is an arrow, it indicates this groove). It shows the maximum allowable degree of "baldness" of the tire.

Date of manufacture - shown in four digits in an oval on the sidewall, with the first two indicating the week of manufacture, the rest - the year of manufacture. For example, marking 4615 explains that they were released on the 46th week, i.e. in November 2015.

TUBELESS (tubeless) - indicates that the tire should be used without a tube. tubeless tire differs from the chamber in that it does not require an inflatable chamber. TUBE TYPE - designation for tube tires.

PR - ply rate. For passenger cars, tires with a ply rating of 4PR and sometimes 6PR are used, and in this case the latter have the inscription Reinforced (reinforced). Tires marked 6PR and 8PR are suitable for light trucks and vans, so after the designation landing diameter(for example, 185R14C) they are marked with the letter "C" (commercial).

How else are there signs? For example, the abbreviation "Front Wheel" or "Rear Wheel" is found. The first means that the tire is installed only on the front axle of the car, the second - only on the rear. Also, the inscription “Rotation” with a circular arrow is often found - it shows which side the wheel should be installed (the arrow shows how the wheel should rotate when the car moves forward). Such a pictogram is only for asymmetric rubber (the pattern is different at the edges), symmetrical ones can be installed on either side.

Hello dear friends! A little less than a month has passed since my last publication, all this time I have been expanding my horizons regarding automotive topics and believe me, I have learned a lot! Ahead of you are waiting for exciting, but primarily useful texts written in a simple and accessible language. We will talk on a variety of topics and you can be sure that all of them will definitely be of interest to any driver! Today, I will sort through all the information regarding wheel rubber, thanks to which, according to by and large and possible vehicle movement. Of course, special attention will be given to a procedure called decoding tire markings.

I am sure many of you will immediately ask: “Why do I need all this, because always at the moment of confusion, a sales assistant can tell you?”. Quite a logical question, but here you need to understand that there are a huge number of manufacturers in the world and they all produce tires that are different in their technical features. Their diversity will not fit in even the smartest head, let alone a consultant. Moreover, the lion's share of all such products is unsuitable for use in our country. Therefore, in order not to buy "bullshit", you should not trust the tips, it is better to learn how to decipher the factory marking yourself.

Tire classification

In principle, deciphering the marking of car tires is a simple process, but as you yourself understand, in order to carry it out, you will need to remember some things. Of course, you definitely need to know what types the same rubber is divided into. There are several groups of car tires, different in their technical characteristics.

• Car tires for passenger cars - are intended exclusively for vehicles of small mass, since polymer cort is used in their production.
• Summer tires are designed for use on asphalt road surfaces only at positive ambient temperatures.
• Winter tires - used in ice and on snowy roads, they are able to return normal level slippery rubber grip.
• All-season tires (All Season) - this is a mix of the previous two options, in a temperate climate they can be used all year round, which is symbolized by the AS marking.
• Tires for SUVs - can also be used for 12 months on absolutely any road surface, both hard and soft due to the increased cross-country ability.
• Tires for special equipment - each model of such rubber is individual (that is, it is aimed at a specific area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation). For example, tires for trucks, which not only transport heavy loads, but also do it at a fairly high speed (and that the distance from point A to point B is sometimes hundreds of kilometers), are designed taking into account the specifics of their work activity.

The type of tire is only a small part of the information that tire marking can tell us. It is not difficult to recognize it, basically it is simple and understandable images. On the territory of our country, tires marked "M + S" (mud + snow) are especially popular. However, it is possible to establish a complete picture of the properties of a particular model only after fully reading this factory code. This is what we will be doing in the future, so concentrate and get ready for the most interesting!

Non-secret code from the manufacturer

An ordinary motorist, as well as one who follows the latest fashion trends when choosing tires, gives key importance to the brand. And this is correct to some extent, but there are several nuances that are extremely important to consider. Look at this moment more than a dozen manufacturers from all over the world are in trend.

• Hankook and Marshal - South Korea.
• Avon and Dunlop - UK.
• "Continental" and "Pneumant" - Germany.
• Mastercraft and Cooper - USA.
• Bridgestone and Yokohama - Japan.
• "Debika" and "Diplomat" - Poland.
• Nokian - Finland.
• Pirelli and Marangoni - Italy.
• Michelin and Cleber - France.
• Kama and Amtel - Russia.

It would seem that everything is simple and clear, but this is far from being the case. The fact is that the lion's share of all listed companies has its production in other countries. Products manufactured in such factories, although they have original logo trademark may differ significantly from the original. So, for example, French and Thai Michelin are, as they say in Odessa, two different things. And there is little strange here, because both countries differ not only in the climatic zone, but also in infrastructure. But be that as it may, the final quality of the product depends on the manufacturer, so I advise you to remember the most authoritative of them. The full name of the manufacturer is always present directly on the rubber, so it's easy to figure it out. As for the country, look for familiar made in.

Tread and tire models

Experienced motorists recommend first of all paying attention to the type of tread and tire model. All existing treads can be divided into two types: with a pattern that affects many factors in the interaction of rubber with the road surface (each type of tire has its own pattern, which helps to establish its best grip in various operating conditions), and without a picture - the so-called slicks. The latter have a special structure due to which they perfectly keep the car on a dry, and most importantly, even road surface, it is also possible to find models for rainy weather.

Whatever it was, huge assortment protectors, divides all known tires into several categories:

• Universal;
• All-terrain;
• urban;
• Road;
• sports;
• Semi-sports.

All of them have their design features and suitable for use under certain conditions. Finding the appropriate marking by which you can understand the type is quite difficult, and sometimes even impossible. Accordingly, they are distinguished directly by the tread relief.

Tire indices

In the characteristics of any tire there are three indices that carry information about top speed, carrying capacity and design of a particular model. The speed index, as you probably already understood, symbolizes its maximum permissible value. The lowest rate of 40 km / h is marked with the Latin letter A, the highest (over 300 km / h) - Z. The table above will show all the designations for any speed.

The load index is a two, and sometimes three-digit number that indicates the threshold admissible load capacity at maximum level air pressure inside the tire. The lowest value is indicated by the number 50 (190 kg), the ceiling is 100 (800 kg). Please note that the manufacturer may specify the value itself instead of the cipher. In this case, you need to be prepared to see something like this: Max Load 220 KG or Max Load 450 LBS (for British pounds). In general, as in the previous case, the table will show the full picture in the matter of the load index.

The maximum allowable tire pressure is also an important indicator, its factory indicates the side surface of the tire in pounds (psi) or Kilopascals (kpa) per square inch. Please note that all values ​​​​are indicated for rubber in a cold state, such a marking looks something like this: 300 kpa cold. Of course, neglecting these requirements can lead to disastrous consequences, so choose models with a small margin of both speed and load, as well as allowable tire pressure.

The design index helps the manufacturer to convey to the consumer the production technology of a particular tire model. We most often meet radial tires (non-equilibrium design), marked with the letter R, they are quite elastic and have a large load capacity. Tires with a diagonal (thread is located at an angle of 30-40 degrees) design, are indicated by such symbols<<–>>. What does it mean - the equilibrium design of the tire.

Size and another type of car tires

All of us, both experienced and inexperienced motorists, go shopping for tires of certain dimensions. Most of all, we are concerned, of course, with the diameter, but other values ​​\u200b\u200bare of no small importance. So, to make it clearer, let's take for example such a cipher from the tires of my car - 205/60 R14 94 H XL. The sizing looks like this:

• Tire width - 205 mm;
• Proportionality - 60%;
• R is the design index, in this case we are dealing with a radial cord;
• Tire diameter - 14 inches;
• H is the speed index;
• Load index - 94

There is also a variant of the type designation like this 31X10.5 R14, so to speak - in the American way, we will analyze it.

• Diameter of the outer ring of the tire - 31 inches;
• Tire width - 10.5 inches;
• R is the design index;
• Tire inner ring diameter - 14

As you can see, everything is quite simple: we take and read! However, few people know about another characteristic of absolutely everyone. car tires. Or rather, to know, probably everyone knows, but only a few will be able to guess that this property is indicated directly on the bus. And not without a hint. So, how are chambered and tubeless tires marked?

• Tube Type (TT) - tires used in tandem with the camera.
• Tubeless (TL) - tubeless models.

Of course, you can use a TL brand tire in tandem with a camera, but in this case, you need to take into account some nuances. So, experts say that in such a modification, the inner cavity of the tire is not designed for close contact with the camera, which, as you understand, cannot be avoided, hence this side effect.

Additional marking

And that's not all, plus you can find a lot more in addition to everything written on the body of the tire useful information. Here you can even find its year of issue, usually it is indicated by three or four digits in an oval. Also, on most models there will be a value that tells which disks to mount rubber on, front or rear. Here are a few more similar notations:

• Rear Wheel - the tire is designed for use on the rear axle.
• Rotation or the usual curly arrow - indicates the direction in which you need to install the tire.
• Tread: 2PL - Rayon: 2PL Steel - the manufacturer speaks about the high quality of its products.

In general, the picture looks something like this, regarding the decoding of the factory marking on your own. We have gone through almost every letter and number that may be present on the body of a tire. For those who are interested in a similar procedure for rims, watch the video, where the real decoding of the disks takes place. That's all for me, thank you for your attention to me. I hope I've been helpful. I strongly recommend that you closely follow the blog updates, because there is a lot of interesting things ahead, it’s not a sin to invite friends here! I bow and retire, all the best!

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