Classification and designation system for trucks. Classification and designation system of automobile rolling stock

Every self-respecting motorist should understand the marking and classification of vehicles.

Marking

The marking accepted in the country assumes alphabetic and digital designations. At the same time, each figure and even a dash in the designation of the brand of the car carries its own information. Here, it would seem, is an imperceptible difference in spelling - "GAZ-24-10" and "GAZ-2410", but the latest car model does not exist in nature, since according to the digital designation it should be a truck tractor, but such a technique is the Gorky Automobile Plant not issued. At the same time, it is incorrect to write "UAZ-315-12", since this car is not a modification of the non-existent UAZ-315 model (old models of cars from the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant had a three-digit index in the range from 450 to 499), but a new passenger model and it is written correctly "UAZ-31512"...
Since the mid-70s, the USSR switched to a single and mandatory marking of cars. Previously, in our country there was an extremely simple scheme for the digital designation of car models.
Gas equipment had a digital designation range from 1 to 99 (recall GAZ-14, GAZ-21, GAZ-24 cars, GAZ-53 trucks and others). ZiL models were given a range from 100 to 199 (ZiS-101, ZiS-114 limousines, ZiL-157, ZiL-130 trucks).
The numbers from 200 to 299 denoted the models of the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant (later - the Motor Plant) and the Kremenchug Automobile Plant (for example, YaAZ-200, KrAZ-258 cars).
Range 300-399 "occupied" UralAZ (for example, "Ural-375").
The Moscow Small Car Plant (MZMA, later AZLK) assigned digital indices from 400 to 449 to its models (for example, MZMA-407, MZMA-412 cars). Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, as already mentioned, from 450 to 499 (UAZ-450, UAZ-452 and others).
Models of automobile plants in Belarus (in Minsk and Zhodino) were designated using numbers from 500 to 599 (MAZ-500 and others).
The Kutaisi plant (Georgia) "exploited" the "six hundredth" range of numbers (KAZ-600, KAZ-608 and others) together with the bus plants of the USSR, which were given the second half of this range (for example, PAZ-672, LiAZ-677, LAZ- 695 and others).
The situation was more complicated with indices from 700 to 999. Here there were both models of car factories (for example, ZAZ-968, RAF-977), and models of factories of trailers and special vehicles (for example, IAPZ-754 trailers, OdAZ-885 semi-trailers, GZSA and other).
In accordance with the modern system of digital indexing of motor vehicles, each car model (trailer train) is assigned an index consisting of four digits. Modifications correspond to the fifth digit indicating its serial number. The export version of domestic cars has the sixth digit. The numerical index is preceded by letters indicating the manufacturer. The numbers included in the full designation of cars indicate the class, type, model number, modification sign, export version sign.
The first digit gives information about the dimensions of the car or class of rolling stock. If this is a passenger car, then the numbers indicate the variant of the engine displacement: 1 - up to 1 liter; 2 - from 1.2 to 1.8 l; 3 - from 1.8 to 3.2 l; 4 - more than 3.5 liters.

REFERENCE. The working volume of cylinders (engine displacement) VL is this value, which is determined as the sum of the working volumes of all cylinders, that is, the product of the working volume of one cylinder Vh by the number of cylinders i, that is, VL = Vh i. VL is measured in liters or cubic meters. dm. It is the digital designation of displacement that is applied to the body elements of a number of cars.
The working volume of the cylinder Vh is the volume of space released by the piston when moving it from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC).

If this is a truck chassis, then the first digit indicates the total mass of the vehicle: 1 - up to 1.2 tons; 2 - from 1.2 to 2 tons; 3 - from 2 to 8 tons; 4 - from 8 to 14 tons; 5 - from 14 to 20 tons; 6 - from 20 to 40 tons; 7 - over 40 tons.

REFERENCE. Gross vehicle weight consists of curb weight, cargo weight (according to carrying capacity) or passengers, driver, and other attendants. At the same time, the total mass of buses (urban and suburban) should actually be determined for the nominal and maximum capacities. Gross mass of road trains: for a trailer train - the sum of the gross masses of the tractor and trailer; for a truck - the sum of the curb weight of the tractor, the weight of the personnel in the cab and the total weight of the semi-trailer.
The curb weight of a car, trailer, semi-trailer is defined as the mass of a fully filled (fuel, oil, coolant, etc.) and equipped (spare wheel, tools, etc.), but without cargo or passengers, driver, other attendants and their luggage.

If this is a bus, then the following variants of the first digit and the corresponding overall length of the bus are possible: 2 - up to 5 m; 3 - from 6 to 7.5 m; 4 - from 8 to 9.5 m; 5 - from 10.5 to 12 m; 6 - more than 16 m. The number 8 in the first place in the brand of the car means that we are dealing with a trailer, 9 - with a semi-trailer.
The second digit characterizes the type of rolling stock or the type of car: 1 - cars; 2 - buses; 3 - trucks (onboard) vehicles; 4 - truck tractors; 5 - dump trucks; 6 - tanks, 7 - vans; 8 - reserve; 9 - special vehicles.
The third and fourth digits in this notation indicate the factory serial number of the car model, and the fifth digit (if any) indicates its modification. For example, VAZ-2106 and VAZ-21061.
Each automobile power has its own marking of cars, and consideration of all this diversity is the topic of separate publications.

Classification

In Russia, a new GOST R 51709-2001 "Motor vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods" has come into force, where the classification of vehicles corresponds to the designations adopted in the international requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) (see table).
PBXs of categories M2, M3 are further subdivided into:
- class I (city buses) - vehicles equipped with seats and places for the transportation of passengers standing outside the aisles;
- class II (intercity buses) - vehicles equipped with seats, but in which it is allowed to carry passengers standing in the aisles;
- class III (tourist buses) - vehicles designed to carry only seated passengers.
Trailers (semi-trailers) of categories O2, O3, O4 are additionally classified by types:
- semi-trailers - towed vehicles, the axle (s) of which is located (s) behind the center of mass of a fully loaded vehicle, equipped with a fifth wheel coupling that transmits horizontal and vertical loads to the tractor. One or more semi-trailer axles can be driven by a tractor;
- trailers - towed vehicles equipped with at least two axles and a towing device that can move vertically in relation to the trailer and controls the direction of the front axle(s), but transfers a slight static load to the tractor. One or more trailer axles may be driven by a tractor;
- trailers with a central axle - towed vehicles equipped with a towing device that cannot move relative to the tractor in a vertical plane. The axle(s) are(are) offset from the center of mass when the trailer is fully loaded in such a way that only a slight static vertical load, not exceeding 10% of the trailer mass or 10kN (whichever is the lower) is transferred to the tractor. One or more axles may be driven by a tractor.
What kind of vehicles can be driven with a Russian-style driver's license with certain open categories? Russian category B correspond to category M1 and N1 according to UNECE requirements; C - N2 and N3; D - M2 and M3; E - O2, O3 and O4. In addition, the Russian category A (motorcycles) corresponds to category L according to the UNECE requirements. It is not clear why category L is not included in the above GOST. Most likely, this is left until the revision of the standard.
So the Russians will inevitably face another saga of exchanging driver's licenses or acquiring some special inserts, primarily for those who want to drive a car abroad. Now our motorists are a headache for the police of foreign countries.
With our so-called international driver's license, you can drive a car on foreign autobahns, but ... All their policemen, at the same time, undergo special retraining courses to learn how to read our rights. And yet we are fully "entering" the world economic space.

Classification of vehicles according to UNECE requirements

M1 - For the carriage of passengers (automatic vehicles with no more than eight seats, except for the driver's seat)
M2 Up to 5 t.** The same (vehicles with more than eight seats, except for the driver's seat)
M3 St. 5t.** The same (automatic vehicles with more than eight seats, except for the driver's seat)
N1 Up to 3.5t.*** For cargo transportation
N2 St. 3.5t. up to 12.0t.*** For cargo transportation
N3 St. 12.0t.*** For transportation of goods
O1 Up to 0.75 Towed vehicles - trailers
O2 St. 0.75 to 3.5 Towed vehicles - trailers and semi-trailers
O3 From 3.5 to 10**** Towed vehicles - trailers and semi-trailers***
О4 More than 10**** Towed vehicles - trailers and semi-trailers***

* Special equipment installed on special vehicles is considered as equivalent to cargo.
** An articulated bus consists of two or more inseparably fastened sections, in which passenger compartments are located, interconnected by a passage for the free movement of passengers; the inseparable sections are permanently attached to each other and can only be separated using special equipment available only in special workshops.
An articulated bus consisting of two or more undivided but articulated sections is considered to be one vehicle.
*** For truck tractors intended for towing semi-trailers, the maximum permissible mass is considered to be the sum of the mass of the tractor in running order and the mass corresponding to the maximum static vertical load transmitted to the tractor from the semi-trailer through the fifth wheel coupling, and, if necessary, the maximum load weight of the tractor.
**** For tractor coupled semi-trailers or center axle trailers, the maximum authorized mass is the mass corresponding to the maximum static vertical ground load from the axle(s) when the semi-trailer or center axle trailer is coupled to the tractor and loaded.
Nikolay KUZMIN
professor at NSTU

EXCHANGE PLUS AUTO

To designate the brand of a domestic car, they currently use the abbreviated name of the manufacturer (GAZ, ZIL, KamAZ) and through a hyphen - a number indicating the class, type and model number. The accepted classification of cars is given in Table. 1.

Car classification

Parameter	view	Class
Engine displacement (displacement), l		cars
	up to 1.2	1,3...1,8	1,9...3,5	over 3.5	-	-	-
				-	-	-
		buses
Length, m index		up to 5	6...7,5	8...9,5	10,5...12	over 16.5	-	-
					-	-
		trucks (with an onboard platform)
Gross weight, t index		up to 1.2	1,3...2	2,1...8	9...14	15...20	21...40	over 40

The numerical designation for basic models consists of four digits.

1. The first digit indicates the class,

2. second - car type

3. The next two digits are the model number.

4. The modification number of the base model is indicated by the fifth digit.

5. The sixth digit indicates the number of the export version.

For example, the brand of the GAZ-3307 car means that it is a 3rd class truck (has a gross weight of 7.7 tons) with an onboard platform and serial production model number 07.

The exception is the first digit in the brand of cars "Bull" and "Gazelle".

The class of specialized trucks is designated depending on the gross weight, as for general purpose trucks (with an onboard platform). Each specialized truck in the type designation has its own specific number: for example, a truck tractor - 4, a dump truck - 5, a tank - 6, a van - 7.

Each automobile plant produces the main (basic) car model and its modifications, which differ from the base one in some indicators and design. Prior to 1966, the designation of models consisted of letters indicating the manufacturer and numbers assigned to each model. For example, ZIL-130 stands for: the Likhachev plant, 130 is the model development number.

All factories were allocated groups of numbers to designate models, so the Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) had a range of numbers up to 99, ZIL from 100 to 199, etc. But with an increase in the number of factories and the number of models produced, this designation system ceased to meet the requirements of the time. As a result, a new designation system (indexation) for rolling stock was introduced.

The new notation, like the old one, includes letters reflecting the name of the manufacturer and four or five digits.

1. The first digit indicates the class, the second - the type of car, the third and fourth - the model number, the fifth (if any) - the serial number of the modification.

2. The second digit allows you to distinguish between cars according to their purpose or specialization:
1 - cars,

2 - buses,

3 - trucks,

4 - truck tractors,

5 - dump trucks,

6 - tanks,

7 - vans,

8 - reserve,

9 - special.

The car indexing system by the first two digits (index) has the following general form:

Trucks

Cars

Buses

Consider examples of car designations according to the new indexing system:
- onboard vehicle of the Kama Automobile Plant with a gross weight of 15,184 kg, the twentieth model - KamAZ-5320;

Passenger car of the Gorky Automobile Plant with an engine displacement of 2.445 liters, the second model - GAZ-3102;

Bus of the Pavlovsk Automobile Plant, length 7.15 m, the first model - PAZ-3201.

Each new car model is assigned an index consisting of four digits, where the first two digits indicate the class of the car:

· for cars- by engine size

· for buses- along the length of the cabin

· for trucks- by total weight

The second two digits indicate the model.

Model modifications have an additional fifth digit; denoting the serial number of the modification. The numerical index is preceded by the manufacturer's alphabetic values.

The “range” of road freight transport today is quite diverse: at one time, bodies, trailers and semi-trailers were created for a certain type of cargo and in accordance with the conditions that its transportation requires. For bulk - one means of transportation, for bulk - another, for temperature-sensitive - the third ...

Therefore, it is obvious that the choice of a vehicle for each cargo transportation is not made at random (according to the principle of what you like more or what is cheaper to operate), but with a clear understanding of what kind of cargo it will have to carry, as well as how much this cargo weighs and how it better loading and unloading.

There are several features of the classification of freight road transport:

• by number of axles: two-, three-, four-, five- and more-axle;
• by composition: a single vehicle and a road train (a truck consisting of a tractor and a semi-trailer, or a trailer consisting of a van and a trailer);
• by load capacity: small (0.5-2 tons), medium (from 2 to 5 tons), large (5-16 tons), special large (from 16 tons);
• in full(that is, consisting of the mass of the vehicle, the mass of the cargo and the mass of the crew) of the maximum allowable weight: 7 gradations - up to 1.2 tons, from 1.2 to 2 tons, from 2 to 8 tons, from 8 to 14 tons, from 14 to 20 tons, from 20 to 40 tons and over 40 tons.

However, the most interesting is the classification of freight vehicles body type:

• open: onboard, low loader and platform;
• closed: tilt, all-metal, manufactured goods, isothermal, refrigerator;
• special: cistern, construction and special equipment (garbage truck, timber truck, car transporter, etc.).

Remarkably, this classification, in principle, determines the function of the vehicle: what kind of cargo and what conditions of transportation it is intended for.

side body

This is, in fact, a platform, limited on three sides by boards that can be easily folded or removed. Despite the apparent drawback (and this is also the main distinguishing feature), which consists in the fact that the goods transported in an open body are not protected from wind, rain, sun, dust, dirt, etc., in fact, such a truck is quite often used for domestic cargo transportation.

Naturally, it is not suitable for fastidious goods that require special transportation conditions, but for building materials (brick, fittings, pipes, etc.) it is indispensable. Thanks to its openness and folding sides, such a vehicle is extremely convenient for loading and unloading operations: it provides free access to the cargo from four sides (sides, rear and top) and allows the use of a special crane.

The only thing is that for safe transportation, the cargo should not rise above the sides, otherwise it requires special fastening.

Yes, there is one more minus of an onboard body: it does not even minimally protect the cargo from theft, and therefore it is impossible to transport cargo with it over long distances.

Curtain body

This is an onboard body, modified by the addition of special struts on which the awning is stretched. A truck with a tented body is probably the most popular vehicle for both domestic and international transportation. It is suitable for a fairly large "range" of goods - those substances and products that the only thing they need is protection from the weather, prying eyes and hands.

What else is attractive about such a body is that the removable awning allows loading and unloading from any side (sides, rear, top), and also provides for the possibility of its complete removal (full unawning). Plus, thanks to the lightweight material, a car with a tarpaulin body has a greater payload capacity than a car, for example, with an all-metal body.

However, there is also a significant drawback: a tarpaulin body is not able to provide reliable protection against thieves.

All-metal body

This is a body with metal walls. It can carry all the same universal cargoes that do not require special conditions for transportation and storage, as in a tarpaulin. However, unlike a tarpaulin, it provides better protection against climatic conditions and theft (the design provides for lockable doors), and its strong walls, which can withstand heavy loads, more reliably protect the cargo from bumps, spills, and other incidents along the way.

True, the material of the body somewhat limits the permissible carrying capacity of the car, and its design limits the methods of loading and unloading.

Isothermal body

It is sheathed with a special heat-insulating material, due to which it is able to maintain the temperature of a certain level for some time. Such a body is not afraid of heat, cold, precipitation, sudden changes in temperature and is designed for those goods that require special temperature conditions for storage and transportation (as a rule, these are food products).

However, when choosing a car with an isothermal body for transportation, one should take into account the type and fastidiousness of the cargo, as well as the distance of its transportation. After all, the isotherm only preserves, but does not create a certain level of temperature. This means that the longer the load travels, the higher the probability of its cooling or heating.

By the way, the ability to maintain the desired climate depends on the thickness of the walls of the body, and hence the amount of thermal insulation material.

Refrigerator

This is an advanced isothermal van equipped with a built-in refrigeration unit. It is also intended for temperature-sensitive goods (perishable products, flowers, seedlings, plants, biological and medical preparations), however, unlike the isotherm, thanks to its technical solution, it is able not only to maintain, but also to create a certain temperature regime. This means that it is able to carry the most fastidious loads and over fairly long distances.

Moreover, the choice of refrigerators goes beyond one or two options: depending on the temperature regime, they distinguish 6 body classes. And each of these classes meets the conditions of transportation and storage of a certain range of goods.

Class A maintains temperature from +12°C to 0°C.
Class B- from +12° to -10°C.
Class C- from +12°C to -20°C.
Class D does not heat the indoor air above +2°C.
Class E does not raise the temperature above -10°C.
Class F maintains a microclimate from -20°C and colder.

However, a significant disadvantage of using a refrigerator is its cost. A working refrigeration unit invariably increases fuel consumption, and hence the cost of transportation.

Platforms and low loaders

Both the first and the second are types of an open body that are not equipped with sides and walls. The only thing that is usually included in the design of low-frame trawls is either a lowered "ramp" or the so-called. ramps - two "platforms" descending and rising with the help of a hydraulic drive. These devices are designed specifically for the arrival of equipment on the platform and exit from it.

However, it was for the transportation of special equipment and cars that a low-frame trawl was developed. Therefore, it also has a reinforced hydraulic or pneumatic suspension, a loading height of not more than 950 mm (due to the low center of gravity, it provides better stability and allows the car to pass under bridges, power lines, etc.), and can also include up to eight axles, helping to distribute the load over the entire surface of the body. (By the way, trawls can withstand loads weighing up to 200 tons.)

Platforms are also designed for the transportation of oversized and (or) heavy cargo, however, this will already be equipment, machine tools, etc. from something that does not have its own wheels and that needs to be loaded, for example, with a crane. Why, in fact, the sides and walls were removed from the structure.

cisterns

Designed specifically for the transport of liquid and gaseous cargo. They have, as a rule, a cylindrical shape (although there are tanks that resemble a suitcase in cross-sectional shape - such, by the way, are more resistant to tipping over) and special devices for filling and draining. In addition, rather strict requirements are imposed on the material from which the tanks are made: it must be durable, resistant to corrosion, aggressive effects of acids and alkalis, high temperatures, etc.

In general, the word "tank" combines quite different body designs: with several separate sections isolated from each other (for the simultaneous transportation of various substances), with a rotating mechanism (for constant stirring of the cargo), with a "steam jacket" (a chamber surrounding the body of the body and heating it), with an external "casing", which reduces the flow of heat to the substance and prevents its evaporation, etc. etc.

The design of the tank entirely depends on the type of cargo being transported, and therefore it is specially selected for a specific substance.

The cistern, by the way, refers to special type of body. In addition to it, the special ones include timber trucks, container trucks, dump trucks, grain trucks, garbage trucks, snow trucks, etc. Some of them, apparently, are designed to transport not even a group of substances, materials, products, but some specific cargo and cannot be used to transport something else.

What is important: bodies (regardless of their type) can be of different capacities and carrying capacities. In addition, the same division by purpose is characteristic of both semi-trailers and containers. And therefore, today there is nothing complicated in choosing a vehicle that would meet all the necessary requirements, maintain certain conditions and be intended for a specific type of cargo of a specific mass and volume.

Characteristics of vehicles that are most often used in the transportation of goods

Speaking of vehicles, it must be said about those that most commonly used in transportation. These are cars with closed tented or all-metal semi-trailers and trailers, both for universal use and for transporting goods that require special temperature conditions.

• Standard euro truck(tractor + semi-trailer) with a capacity of 82 m 3, a carrying capacity of 20 tons (becomes 33 euro pallets) and dimensions of 13.6 × 2.45 × 2.45 meters. It is considered the most popular truck variant with semi-trailer options - tarpaulin, all-metal and isothermal. It is also used for the transport of dangerous goods (of course, with ADR approval).
• Yumba or Jumbo (Jumbo)(tractor + semi-trailer) with a capacity of 96 m 3, a carrying capacity of up to 22 tons and dimensions of 13.8 × 2.45 × 2.45 (3.0) meters. It differs from the standard euro truck by the L-shaped base of the floor: it has a special step that increases the useful height (up to 3 meters) and the useful volume of the semi-trailer. This design allows you to transport higher loads, but for the transport of, for example, long solid loads, it is unlikely to be suitable: due to the “sill”, it will be difficult to place and secure them, while using the maximum cargo space.
• Mega (Mega)(tractor + semi-trailer) with a capacity of 100 m 3, a carrying capacity of 22 tons and dimensions of 13.6 × 2.45 × 3.0 meters. Its main difference is the wheels of a smaller radius, which, due to their size, allow the use of a semi-trailer with a height of not 2.45, but 3 meters. Such a car makes it possible to carry higher loads.
• road train(van + trailer). It can be with a capacity of 110 m 3 and 120 m 3 - it all depends on the size of the trailer used (the maximum permitted length of a road train for Russia is 20 meters). This version of a motor vehicle is indispensable in that it has an increased capacity. It is often used for groupage transportation in active, popular destinations, as it allows you to transport more consignments of goods in one trip. The most common tarpaulin road train is found - all-metal, but not isothermal.

On our streets you can meet a lot of Soviet and post-Soviet cars. VAZ, AZLK, GAZ, UAZ and a great many others. And our cars carry, in addition to the names of folk and official ones such as “Moskvich”, “Lada”, “Seagull”, also the most important ones: designations according to the vehicle classification system. So let's figure out what kind of 2140, 2101, 21st and 24th "Volga" and 3110.

From 1945 to 1966, the marking was an abbreviation of the letters of the manufacturer and the digital number of the machine in a certain range.

digital gap	Manufacturer	The lineup	Emblem
1-99	GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant	GAZ-21, GAZ-24
100-199	ZiS, Stalin Plant, renamed ZiL in 1956, Lenin Plant	ZIS-110, ZIL-111, ZIL-130
200-249	YaAZ, Yaroslavl Automobile Plant, in 1959 transformed into YaMZ, Yaroslavl Motor Plant, and production transferred to KrAZ, Kremenchug Automobile Plant	YaAZ-210, KrAZ-222
250-299	NAZ, Novosibirsk Automobile Plant, disbanded in 1949 and transferred to KrAZ	KrAZ-255
300-349	reserved
350-399	UralZIS, Ural Plant named after Stalin, in 1962 renamed UralAZ, Ural Automobile Plant	Ural-375
400-449	By the decree of the All-Union Automobile and Tractor Association of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR (protocol No. 138) dated 1930-12-26, GAZiKIM, the State Automobile Assembly Plant named after. Communist Youth International (later, from 1939 to 1941 "automobile"); from 1945 to 1968 MZMA, Moscow plant of small cars (or simply ZMA); since 1968 AZLK, Leninsky Komsomol Automobile Plant; from 1992 to 2010 OJSC Moskvich; also since 1965 Izh, Izhevsk Automobile Plant	Moskvich-408
450-484	UAZ, Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant	UAZ-469
485-499	DAZ, Dnepropetrovsk Automobile Plant, in 1951 redesigned and named YuzhMash, Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant. A. M. Makarov, which, in addition to aviation and rocket technology, produces trolleybuses, buses and tractors under the YuMZ brand
500-549	MAZ, Minsk Automobile Plant; BelAZ, Belarusian Automobile Plant; MoAZ, Mogilev Automobile Plant. S.M. Kirova	MAZ-525, BelAZ-540
550-599	MMZ, Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant	ZIS/ZIL-MMZ-585
600-649	KAZ, Kutaisi Automobile Plant	KAZ-606 "Colchis"
650-674	Gorky Bus Plant - GZA was later transferred to Pavlovsk (PAZ) and Kurgan (KAvZ) bus plants	PAZ-652
675-694	LiAZ, Likinsky bus plant	LiAZ-677
695-699	LAZ, Lviv Bus Plant	LAZ-695
700-899	ErAZ, Yerevan Automobile Plant	ErAZ-762, OdAZ-885
900-939	reserved
940-949	ART, Tartu Automobile Plant, Tartu Autoremonditookoda	TA-942
950-964	reserved
965-974	ZAZ, Zaporozhye Automobile Building Plant; LuAZ, Lutsk Automobile Plant	ZAZ-968, LuAZ-967
975-999	RAF, Riga Bus Factory (Rīgas Autobusu Fabrika)	RAF-977

Due to the fact that production could be periodically transferred from plant to plant, with a corresponding transfer of numbering (for example, the GAZ-69 produced at UAZ was marked as UAZ-69, which was not included in the operating range of this plant), which led to confusion, in 1966 th year, the industry standard OH 025270-66 was introduced, which regulated the digital designation not by reference to the manufacturing plant, but according to the performance characteristics of the machine.

The value of the first digit.

The class definition is calculated differently for cars, trucks and buses and a certain parameter has a value. Also, trailers always have 8 in the first rank, and 9 for semi-trailers and dissolutions.

For passenger cars (the second digit is always 1): engine size and dry weight.

Number	class and group	Engine capacity, cm³	Dry weight, kg	The lineup
1	Extra Small 1	up to 849	up to 649	VAZ-1111 "Oka"
	Extra Small 2	from 850 to 1099	from 650 to 799	ZAZ-1102 "Tavria"
2	Small 1	from 1100 to 1299	from 800 to 899	VAZ-2101
	Small 2	from 1300 to 1499	from 900 to 1049	VAZ-2103
3	Small 3	from 1500 to 1799	from 1050 to 1149	VAZ-2106
	Medium 1	from 1800 to 2499	from 1150 to 1299
4	Medium 2	from 2500 to 3499	from 1300 to 1499	GAZ-3102 "Volga"
	Big 1	from 3500 to 4999	from 1500 to 1899
5	Big 2	over 5000	over 1900
	Higher	not regulated	not regulated	ZIL-4104

For trucks (the second is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7): gross weight.

The value of the second digit.

Second digit: 1 - passenger car, 2 - bus, 3 - truck, 4 - tractor, 5 - dump truck, 6 - tanker, 7 - van, 8 - reserved, 9 - special transport.

third and fourth digits- serial number of the model, fifth- its modification

The value of the sixth digit.

The sixth digit is the export variation

a) carrying capacity (especially small - up to 0.5 tons, small - from 0.5 to 2 tons, medium - from 2 to 5 tons, large - from 5 to 15 tons and especially large - over 15 tons); b) purpose (general purpose and specialized); c) traffic conditions (road and off-road). Road ATS are designed to perform work on the roads of the general network of categories I-V, off-road - for use outside the roads of the general network (quarry vehicles);

d) patency (normal and increased). Regular cross-country vehicles are designed to perform transport work mainly on well-maintained roads, off-road vehicles - to perform work on unimproved roads and for a short time in off-road conditions;

e) wheel formula (4×2; 6×4; 4×4). The first digit indicates the number of wheels of the car, the second - the number of driving wheels. In this case, each of the dual wheels is considered as one;

f) by the nature of use (single cars and tractors with trailers and semi-trailers);

g) by the type of fuel consumed - gasoline (carburetor and injection); diesel; gas (on liquefied and compressed gas).

The classification of trucks according to their performance and purpose is given in table 2. Table 2.

Purpose	Vehicle type by body structure	Nature of use	Design features	Types of transported goods
general purpose	airborne	Single car	Non-tilting side body
	airborne	Tractor vehicle with one or two trailers	Non-tipping side body. Has a towing device	Cargoes of general purpose, except liquid bulk
	truck tractor	Truck tractor with semi-trailer	Without a body. Has a fifth wheel coupling for towing a semi-trailer	Cargoes of general purpose, except liquid bulk
Specialized	dump truck	Single car	dump platform
	dump truck	Dump truck-tractor with one or two trailers (road train)	Dump platform. Has a tow hitch	Construction and agricultural cargo
	tank truck	Single car	Cylindrical, elliptical or mixed tank
	tank truck	Trailer tanker	Tank of cylindrical, elliptical or mixed shape. Has a tow hitch	Oil products, water, milk, wine, flour, cement, concrete mixes, bitumen, mineral fertilizers and other liquid and bulk cargoes
	Van	Single car	Van body all-metal, isothermal, refrigerated body, van body with tail lift
	Van	Van with one or two trailers	Van body all-metal, isothermal, refrigerated body, van body with tail lift. Has a tow hitch	Mail, paper, furniture, medicines, groceries, manufactured goods, bakery products, chilled and frozen livestock products
	truck tractor	Truck tractor with semi-trailer (road train)	Without body. Has a fifth wheel coupling for towing a specialized semi-trailer	For the transport of certain types of goods

Designation of trucks

The following indexation is used to designate trucks (standard OH 025270-66). Each truck model is assigned a 4-digit index, for a modified model - a 5-digit one. The first 2 digits indicate the class of the vehicle by gross weight, the second 2 digits indicate the model, the 5th digit indicates the modification of the model. Table 3 shows the designation system (indexation) for trucks.

Table 3

Gross weight, t	Base (first 2 digits) indices for:
	onboard vehicles	truck tractors	dump trucks	tank trucks	van-new
Up to 1.2 incl.
1.2 to 2.0 incl.
2.0 to 8.0 incl.
8.0 to 14.0 incl.
From 14.0 to 20.0 incl.
From 20.0 to 40.0 incl.
St. 40.0

Gross vehicle weight consists of its own weight, the weight of the cargo at full load capacity and the weight of the crew (driver and passenger(s) at the rate of 75 kg per person. The capacity of the vehicle cabin is determined by the manufacturer.

The numerical index is preceded by the letter designation of the manufacturer.

Truck tractor KAMAZ-5410. 54 - numbers for designating a truck tractor with a gross weight of 14.9 tons; 10- car model (assigned by the manufacturer)