Obstacle avoidance. How to drive a speed bump

In order for the car, especially the front suspension, not to suffer due to speed bumps, it is necessary to master correct technique their passage.

What are speed bumps for?

Artificial road bumps (IDN) or "speed bumps" are designed to force a reduction in the speed of traffic flow in unregulated pedestrian crossings, entrances to pedestrian and residential areas, near educational and cultural institutions.

As a result, even those drivers who are accustomed to driving without observing speed mode, ignoring road signs and markings, are forced to slow down when approaching the speed bumps.

However, slowing down is still not enough, artificial road bumps must be correctly driven.

A bit of physics

When you press the brake pedal of a moving car at the point of contact with the road surface, braking forces arise in the direction opposite to the movement.

The force of inertia applied to the center of mass of the car pulls the car forward. The resulting torque tends to push the front of the car down and the rear to lift it up.

As a result, the front suspension springs are compressed, the load on the levers increases.

If at this moment the front wheels of the car overcome an obstacle in the form of a speed bump, the front suspension of the car receives an additional blow from below - from the road obstacle.

It is not surprising that from the frequent and repeated, and even illiterate passage of the speed bump, pretty soon the suspension parts will wear out and become unusable.

Driving technique

When approaching a bump in the road in the form of a speed bump, slow down to about 15 km / h, and 2 meters from the obstacle (line A), depress the brake pedal.

In full accordance with the laws of physics, the front of the car will drop slightly down to the surface pavement and the front suspension springs will compress.

Half a meter from the "speed bump" (line B) sharply from the brake pedal. The front of the car will rise, the front suspension springs will unload and, in the unclenched position, will gently take a blow from below at the moment they touch the road bump.

After the front wheels have passed the road bump, and the rear wheels have not yet entered it, briefly press the brake pedal, lift up back vehicle, while unloading the rear suspension springs.

As a result, the car will easily and smoothly roll over the speed bump.

Complicated driving technique

In the event that an obstacle in the form of an artificial road roughness is detected late, and it is impossible to slow down to the 10 km / h recommended in the previous section, use intensive braking, and 2 meters before the obstacle, release the brake pedal, immediately after pressing the gas.

As a result, the center of gravity of the car will shift back and at the moment the front wheels pass the obstacle, the front suspension springs will be unclenched and the car will easily, without impact, pass the “speed bump” with its front wheels.

As soon as the front wheels pass the obstacle, take your foot off the gas pedal and, pressing the brake, lift the rear of the car.

From the outside, this dynamic maneuver looks like jumping over an obstacle and requires experience and certain skills.

Driving obstacles diagonally

If they allow road conditions, the "speed bump" can be driven slightly obliquely, ensuring that the wheels alternately pass through the road obstacle.

With this technique of passage, the car will not rise above the obstacle, but will only sway slightly from side to side, as if gently rolling over the speed bump.

And most importantly, during the speed bump maneuver, do not lose control of the road conditions ahead of the car.

After all, this artificial road roughness was not created in order to annoy you or give you the opportunity, but solely for the purpose of protecting pedestrians who are in the zone fenced by the speed bump.

Good luck to you! Not a nail, not a wand!

In the process of driving on the roads, many, probably, more than once had to deal with such a maneuver as avoiding an obstacle. Cars after an accident, broken down by different reasons and an immobilized car, a road defect (for example, a huge pit or embankment during repairs on the roadway), an open hatch, etc.

IN common cases detour obstacles does not raise questions. In general cases, this is in those where there is enough space for a detour, i.e. there is enough space on the road so that the detour does not conflict with traffic rules. But it also happens that there is no choice: either you have to go around the obstacle along oncoming lane when such a maneuver is prohibited, for example, through a solid marking line, or you have to drive along the side of the road or sidewalk (pedestrian, bicycle path).

It is in such cases that questions arise - how to properly go around an obstacle, for example: The road has one lane in each direction, separated by line 1.1 (solid). How to avoid an obstacle if there is a curb or sidewalk on the right?

Answer. You need to try to go around the obstacle on the right side (through right side roads).

If there is a roadside to the right of the obstacle in the direction of travel, then it is advisable to use it (the roadside) for a detour. Detour of an obstacle along the side of the road, as well as along the sidewalk, is not specified in the SDA. This process will look like a detour of an obstacle, in which case this detour should not be regarded as an intentional movement on the shoulder or sidewalk. But the object to be avoided (road defect) should in fact be an obstacle (see).

Avoiding an obstacle in the oncoming lane through a solid line road markings has controversial aspects and can be regarded in two ways, i.e. a detour through a continuous one can be interpreted both as a violation and as a maneuver that does not contradict the traffic rules.

On the one hand, there is no direct ban on avoiding an obstacle in the oncoming lane on a two-lane road, on the other hand, (solid line) is applied in places where driving into the oncoming lane is prohibited. The question arises: what to do in such a case?

To understand this issue, consider the rules for avoiding obstacles from the point of view of traffic rules in more detail.

An obstruction, by definition, is an immovable object (or a defect in the road) in a traffic lane that prevents traffic from continuing in that lane.

They are NOT obstacles: an unsuccessfully stopped car, a traffic jam from other cars (popularly referred to as a “traffic jam”), an inconveniently standing overall transport, a bus (trolleybus) at a stop, protruding with its dimensions onto the roadway.

The very term "obstacle" is clear. And here, the concept of "detour" Rules traffic do not unravel at all. However, the concept of "detour" is found in paragraphs and, as well as in Article 12.15 part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, which provides for sanctions for an incorrect detour.

In the paragraphs ( and ) listed above, there is not a single word about a two-lane road, including the one in the middle. Those. avoiding an obstacle on a two-lane road through is not prohibited. This detour option is not specified in the Rules. And since there is no direct ban on such a detour, it turns out that it is not forbidden, which means it is allowed. But not everything is so simple.

Continuing the answer to the question, the sequence in deciding which way to bypass the obstacle on a two-lane road can be built in the following order: 1 - roadside; 2 - oncoming lane; 3 - it is advisable not to use the sidewalk as a detour at all. The sequence is approximate as it is built in ascending order possible danger, and the specifics will depend on the actual situation.

For example, on the road intense oncoming traffic- It is advisable to go around the side of the road. There is no curb, and the sidewalk is separated by a curb stone - it is advisable to drive around in the oncoming lane in safety, etc., according to the situation.

In conclusion, how many words about avoiding a traffic jam or any object ( vehicle), which is not an obstacle. Detour "not an obstacle" (including a traffic jam or traffic jam) will be assessed depending on the detour routes:

• driving around a traffic jam in the oncoming lane entails deprivation of rights for 4-6 months (Article 12.15 Part 4);
• bypassing the traffic jam on the side of the road - a fine of 1500 rubles. (Article 12.15 part 1);
• avoiding traffic jams on bicycle or pedestrian paths or sidewalks in traffic violation- a fine of 2000 rubles. (Article 12.15 part 2).

For an incorrect detour of an obstacle (an incorrect one is one that conflicts with traffic rules), a fine of 1000 - 1500 rubles can be imposed on the driver. (Article 12.15 part 3).

There is nothing surprising in the fact that off-road SUVs move. And what to do if you need to overcome the "lack of road" on ordinary car?

We have already written about how to overcome puddles and other water obstacles in the material "". Now let's touch on the topic of off-road movement.

Subject specific tricks off-road traffic on SUVs is already sufficiently illuminated. We will consider those cases when it is required to overcome impassability on an ordinary "road" car.

So, a "normal" road car is characterized by the following "anti-road" parameters:

• short ground clearance,
• big overhangs, long base(as a result - low geometric permeability),
• monodrive (mainly - front-wheel drive),
• low thrust "on the bottoms", gasoline engine.

Ditches and bumps on the road

Before overcoming obstacles, you should soberly assess the capabilities of the car.

Complexity. Successful passage ditches and hillocks on the road are primarily hampered by low geometric cross-country ability road car.

Ditches and mounds should be passed at an angle to the obstacle

Overcoming. Ditches and hillocks on the road (if it is not possible to go around them) it is better to pass at an angle to the obstacle. This will minimize the longitudinal buildup of the car. The speed of passage should be minimal and uniform.

Steep and slippery climb

Movement along slippery road implies the need for "hitching" with the ground, as well as the minimum speed of the car (respectively, the minimum engine speed) in order to prevent wheel slip and not lose control. Climbing requires sufficient engine power.

Complexity. Overcoming steep and slippery slopes road cars complicated by the lack all-wheel drive, weak engine thrust on low revs.

When driving - do not "play the wheel" and do not re-gas!

Overcoming. The rise should be overcome strictly perpendicular; the wheels should be set exactly in the direction of travel (do not “play” with the steering wheel!), and you should always make sure that the wheels do not slip “in slip” (do not “re-gas”).

Shifting gears (as well as braking) can lead to loss of traction - wheel digging or loss of control.

One method for climbing is to use the force of inertia: after accelerating to the climb, on the climb itself, you need to start to smoothly release the gas.

Pressing the gas pedal must be distributed in such a way as to enter the “in tension” mode of movement (i.e., movement on minimum speed without slipping the wheels) to the very top of the climb.

top of the hill

Complexity. The main difficulty - in the geometric cross-country ability of the car - is the likelihood of "sit on the belly."

Overcoming. The top of the hill should be overcome perpendicular to the ridge, otherwise there is a danger of "hanging out" one of the driving wheels or falling into a side slip. The speed should be minimal - it is important to prevent the vertical buildup of the car.

Steep and slippery slope

Descents and ascents should be overcome strictly perpendicular

Complexity. Wheel slippage must not be allowed - this will lead to loss of controllability and unpredictable consequences.

Overcoming. As well as when lifting, the wheels must be set exactly in the direction of travel (do not “play” with the steering wheel!), You should also not shift gears and use the brake while driving - the car may lose control. Braking must be done by the engine - by selecting a low gear.

The descent should occur in the same way as the ascent - strictly perpendicular.

Even before starting the descent, you should select a gear that will allow you to descend without using brake system, but it does not slow down the wheels so much that they go skidding. If, nevertheless, the car went skidding - you need to add gas - the wheels will restore traction with the ground, and then - release the gas.

The choice of gear depends on the condition of the road surface, as well as technical features auto. Respectively, right choice transmission can tell, unfortunately, only experience.

What to do if you still get stuck

It should immediately be said that if the car stalled, you do not need to mindlessly put pressure on the gas. This will cause the tread to dig a hole in the ground within a few seconds, and the car will “lie on its belly”. The exception is soil with a heterogeneous structure - i.e. in the case when there is still a solid base under the layer of dirt, the wheel will “cut off” the top layer and gain sufficient grip to move the car forward. It is quite difficult to predict this.

So, consider the most common method of self-pulling - " buildup". Swing helps you get out of loose ground by moving the machine alternately back and forth. This increases the length of the formed track, which, in turn, will allow the machine to get out of the loose area due to the increase in driving dynamics.

The execution technique is as follows:

1. let go of the clutch - the car backs up and tries to stall;
2. at the moment the slippage begins, we squeeze the clutch, we give the car the opportunity to roll back to its original position;
3. etc.

Then we do the same with moving forward - in first gear.

Then (when a rut has already begun to form), you can slightly change the execution technique:

1. depress clutch, engage reverse gear and smoothly release the clutch - the car backs up and tries to stall;
2. at the moment of the beginning of slipping, we squeeze the clutch, switch to first gear, smoothly release the clutch - the car moves forward and tries to slip;
3. at the moment of slipping, we squeeze the clutch, switch to reverse gear, smoothly release the clutch - the car moves backward and tries to slip;
4. etc. until the resulting rut allows you to gain enough speed to overcome the obstacle.

Despite the widespread belief that the buildup method is only available for cars with mechanical box gears, this maneuver is also possible on automatic transmission.

Tire pressure

The tire pressure specified in the vehicle's owner's manual ensures that the tire's contact patch with the surface is optimal in standard conditions. In the case of off-road driving, tire pressure is one of the factors by which you can increase the vehicle's patency.

So, by reducing the pressure in the tires, we achieve an increase in the contact patch of the tire with the ground. As a result of this, the pressure on the ground decreases, the wheels fail less, and, accordingly, the permeability increases.

A short-term decrease in tire pressure by 20-30% will not damage the car, but will help to overcome a difficult section.

Every year, after the snow melts, potholes appear on our roads. While the road services patch them up, we will tell you how to overcome such obstacles.

The main trouble of Ukrainian roads is potholes and hills (influxes), which include speed bumps. When a wheel, or even two or four, hits such irregularities, the chassis suffers and the risk of an accident increases. By the way, damage to the rubber and disk in such cases are classified as traffic accidents. Therefore, it is desirable to learn how to get out of "uneven" traffic situations with the least loss.

We pass bumps

An effective way to safely drive over bumps is the so-called flying over an obstacle. It is used by rally athletes when driving off-road sections on high speed. The main task is to drive so that the wheels are in trouble spot only slightly touched the asphalt or were maximally freed from the mass of the car. Both methods work on the same principle - load-unload the necessary part of the car, activating inertia forces. This can be achieved by using the gas and brake pedals and/or the steering wheel. For example, if you sharply press the brake pedal while driving, the car will “bite”, that is, the front springs will be compressed, and the rear ones, respectively, will unload. With a strong gas supply, the opposite will happen - the car will sit down, that is, “dissolve” the front shock absorbers. When turning the steering wheel sharply, for example, to the left, the machine will load the right side.

Using these techniques, you will be able to drive through road bumps with minimal damage. Read about how to do this in the "advice of specialists."

To bypass shallow pits or low influxes, it makes no sense to greatly unload one or another side of the car. The principle works here - the more dangerous the obstacle, the more we unload the corresponding wheels or axles. But in any case, for the effective application of the described techniques, you need to constantly train. And the obstacles to domestic roads enough.

Method 2. At low speeds

What do the traffic rules say?

In the Rules of the Road, potholes are designated as obstacles. Here we found several points that the driver should be guided by during forced maneuvers (10.1, 11.4, 11.11, 12.3, 13.3). Thus, pits and hills cannot be avoided in the oncoming lane if the motorist is moving on a two-way road that has at least two lanes for traffic in one direction. However, when an obstacle appears on the horizon, the driver must immediately take measures to reduce speed - up to a complete stop of the vehicle or bypassing the obstacle, which will be safe for other road users.

Obstacles on the roads need to pass confidently and skillfully. So, if the pit is on the trajectory of the right wheel, then it must be unloaded, that is, perform a series of actions with the steering wheel. First you need to move the car a few centimeters to the left and immediately return it back. Thus, first right wheel is loaded, and then, when the car is returned, it is unloaded. In this state, the wheel "flies" over the pit with a small impact. It should be remembered that such actions will be safe only in the absence of stream neighbors. Sometimes the hole is so huge that all the wheels fall into it - first the front, then the rear. In such cases, the motorist must first compress the front shock absorbers as much as possible by pressing or briefly hitting the brake pedal. Then after the "peck" the car will happen reverse process- the shock absorbers will “open up”, and the car will move the pit with the least load on the front axle. You can also make the car jump over an obstacle - for this you need to press the gas pedal for a moment in front of the pit or the influx. In this case, the front axle will move lightly over the obstacle due to the loading rear shock absorbers. I note that the steering wheel and the degree of pressing the brake should correspond to the speed of the car. Yes, at high speeds steering movements should be minimal - 1-2 cm, otherwise the car may roll over. The lower the speed, the greater the angle we turn the steering wheel.

The passage of bumps requires concentration from the driver, in addition, he must have an idea about the behavior of the car and its suspension in a particular case. For example, in rally-raid competitions, when you pass at high speed broken plot, you have to set the car in such a way that it soars above the bumps. All this can be achieved by working with the steering wheel and pedals. If at this moment you look at the car from behind, you will get the impression that it is sweeping over the tops of the bumps, and not jumping from one to another. In the same way, you can drive through urban bumps - it is not necessary to slow down, it is enough to clearly understand the behavior of your car in a particular case with a particular maneuver. Train!

In the event of an obstacle, we would advise you to slow down as soon as possible. Drive up, assess the depth and height of the pothole, and only then take the maneuvers described by experts. Increased attention to the pits should be given to motorists whose cars are "shod" in low profile tires. Such tires are easily damaged on the edges of the pits. Low tire pressure also increases the risk of tire damage. Remember that tire damage is a traffic accident. Calling the traffic police and obtaining a certificate of an accident, of course, will be indisputable evidence in court against road services. But in this case, the motorist will lose driving license before the verdict is delivered.

Ivan Terentiev
Photo by Andrey Yatsulyak

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Controlling the weight of a car is a great and very useful art on the road, says the teacher center for safe driving FDW Physics of motion Kirill Kalandyrets.

In ordinary life, when a person, for example, stumbles, he immediately leans slightly and runs forward, automatically trying to transfer his weight to a stable leg so as not to fall. With a car, everything is exactly the same: when we brake, the weight goes forward, when we turn left, the weight shifts to the right.

If you often drive along native Ukrainian roads, you will inevitably fall into pits, which, unfortunately, we have enough. Especially if you have chosen a new, unfamiliar path and are driving at a speed of not 40 kilometers per hour, but all 80 - the pits strive to jump out of nowhere literally in one second. Today we will learn how to deal with such sudden pits in such a way as to cause minimal damage to the car - or even remain unscathed. This is where the exercise will help. axle load”, our teacher from the Physics of Motion is sure.

Firstly, in this case, you can never slow down in the pit itself. You can slow down a little to it - but then there is a possibility that the unloading will not work. The idea is to move the main mass to the other side, opposite from the pit. Turn the steering wheel to the right - the load goes to the left wheels, turn to the left - on the contrary, to the right. Brake - the weight moves to the front, accelerate - to the rear. By the way, this is why you can’t slow down while driving a speed bump (the load will go to the front wheels with which you will drive into it - and this is an extra blow to the shock absorbers and suspension), it’s better to extinguish in front of him to the minimum speed. If stopping in front of an obstacle is impossible, it is better to unload the front axle to the maximum.

How to do it:

On the path, marked by a corridor of chips, we put up "obstacles": two special strips of rubber, specially designed to fly out from under the wheels when driving incorrectly. If you go through the corridor while unloading, they will remain lying in place.

So, you are driving, there is a pit to your left, and you won’t be able to go around it. Where to turn the steering wheel? To the right, away from the obstacle? But this is not true: leaving the pit, you shift the weight of the car just to the side that will fall on the pit - to the left. Therefore, when approaching the lane, we sharply turn the steering wheel to the left, onto the obstacle, and then just as sharply align the car back. Sometimes you can even go slightly to the right before this maneuver to make a swing - it's easier to shift the weight when passing an obstacle.

Well, two obstacles - successively on the right and on the left - we pass in the same way: first we turn the steering wheel to the right, then to the left, falling on the strips themselves with each turn. It's a paradox - but with such a scheme, obstacles are not even noticed under the wheels! And, of course, do not take off up that once again proves that we did everything right.

Good luck on the roads! And watch our lessons further - there is still a lot of interesting things ahead.