Antifreeze (from the English “freeze”) is a collective term denoting special liquids designed to cool units that heat up during operation - internal combustion engines, industrial plants, pumps, etc. when operating below zero. There are a variety of types of antifreeze, and their characteristics are also different. A feature of these liquids is a low freezing point and a high boiling point. In automobile engines, such fluids are used. It should be remembered that antifreeze is not eternal. It should be changed from time to time, especially in the off-season. Unfortunately, many car owners neglect such a procedure or fill in whatever comes to hand. Meanwhile, this is a very extensive topic in which it is necessary to understand and know the theoretical aspects of choosing a coolant. Before you figure out what the classification of antifreeze is, you should study in more detail what it is and what happens
internal combustion
As the name implies, as a result of the processes occurring inside the motor, it heats up. Therefore, it needs cooling. It is carried out by means of the circulation of the coolant. She moves through special channels. So what is antifreeze and how does it work?
The liquid, passing through the channels, heats up, and then enters the radiator, in which it is cooled. After that, the cycle repeats. Antifreeze circulates constantly under pressure, which is provided by a special pump.
Purpose of coolant
A special fluid is used to remove heat from the engine. In addition to cooling, it also equalizes the temperature of various parts of the engine. The channels through which the coolant circulates can become clogged with deposits and rust over time. In such places, the engine will heat up more. Therefore, when the cooling system breaks down, warping of the cylinder head often occurs.
A secondary function of the SOD is the heating of the passenger compartment and the throttle assembly. Thus, the stove is included in the cooling unit and is its integral part. Before the advent of the famous antifreeze, ordinary water was poured into the cooling system. But she had several shortcomings. First, the liquid freezes at 0 degrees and expands, breaking the cast-iron cylinder block. Therefore, in the USSR it was extremely necessary to drain water from the cooling system every evening during the cold season. Secondly, the liquid boils at 100 degrees. At that time, motors did not heat up to such a temperature under normal conditions. But in the highlands, such boiling was not uncommon. The third disadvantage of water is that it promotes corrosion. The cooling channels and ducts inside the engine actively rusted, and their thermal conductivity deteriorated.
The composition of antifreeze
So what is antifreeze? Simplistically, it consists of two components:
- Basics.
- additive complex.
The base is a water-glycol composition (and it doesn’t matter what types of antifreeze it is). The ability not to freeze at low temperatures, fluidity depends on it. The most common component of any coolant is ethylene glycol. However, its mixture with water also contributes to the development of corrosion of the elements of the cooling system. But what about in such a situation? For this, additives are added to the composition of the base. It is a complex of antifoaming, stabilizing and anticorrosive components. In addition, flavoring fragrances and dyes are often added to antifreeze.
Types of products and their characteristics
Modern ones are conditionally divided into two types - silicate and carboxylate. The well-known antifreeze belongs to the first type as the cheapest and most versatile. Silicates are the main additive in inorganic coolants. The disadvantage of these substances is that they settle on the walls of the channels in the cylinder block and prevent normal heat transfer. The result is frequent overheating of the motor. There is another serious drawback - inorganic antifreezes must be changed at least 30 thousand kilometers. Otherwise, there will be clear signs of corrosion of the cooling channels, which will be difficult to deal with. Organic antifreezes contain only organic acids. The peculiarity of these additives is that they cover only areas with manifested corrosion. Due to this, the thermal conductivity of the cooling channels practically does not deteriorate. Another advantage of organic antifreeze is a long service life. The product can be operated up to 150 thousand kilometers or up to five years.
Classification of antifreezes
At the moment, antifreezes come in only three varieties: G11, G12 and G13 (according to the classification of General Motors USA) - in accordance with the content of additives in them. Class G11 - initial, with a basic set of inorganic additives and low performance properties. These fluids are suitable for cars and trucks.
Antifreeze of this group has most often a green or blue tint. It is to this class that antifreeze common in our country can be attributed. Class G12 is the main type of antifreeze. The composition includes organic additives (carboxylate and ethylene glycol). Such antifreeze is intended mainly for heavy trucks and modern high-speed engines. It is ideal for heavy duty applications where maximum cooling is required.
Has red or pink color. Class G13 is made up of antifreezes, where propylene glycol acts as the basis. Such antifreeze is colored by the manufacturer in yellow or orange. Its characteristic feature is that, when it enters the external environment, it quickly decomposes into components, unlike ethylene glycol. Thus, the product of the 13th group is more environmentally friendly.
Selecting the type of antifreeze
Antifreeze, as already mentioned, becomes better with an increase in class. Therefore, it is not worth saving on it: more expensive means better. In addition to classes, there is another classification of antifreeze. These are ready-to-use liquids and concentrates. The former can be recommended to novice motorists, while experienced mechanics can experiment with concentrates. They must be diluted with distilled water to the desired proportion.
Choosing a brand of antifreeze
Due to the fact that coolants are a necessary consumable element of any internal combustion engine, there are a great many manufacturers of this product. Among the most common are several companies. In our country, these are: Felix, Alaska, Sintek. These products are the most balanced in terms of price-quality ratio. Felix antifreezes belong to the G12 class, which greatly expands their applicability. The Alaska product is related to antifreeze (class G11, with inorganic additives).
Depending on the options, "Alaska" is able to operate in a wide temperature range: from -65 to 50 degrees (Arctic and tropical composition). Of course, class G11 imposes certain restrictions on the durability of the fluid and its properties. However, the democratic price is quite a significant factor. Sintec products are produced mainly in the G12 class. Such antifreezes are excellent for all modern products of this product - patented, proprietary, prevent the formation of deposits and corrosion on the internal surfaces of the cooling system.
Mixing different brands
A few words must be said about mixing different brands of coolant. There are a variety of types of antifreeze and their compatibility, unfortunately, tends to zero. As a result, conflict between different additives may occur.
The result can be very different, up to damage to the rubber and clogging of the channels in the engine block. It should be borne in mind that it is strictly forbidden to pour water into systems designed to work with antifreeze. Since it has a large heat capacity, the thermal characteristics of the cooling system will change. In addition, different types of antifreeze, due to their composition and the presence of additives, have lubricating properties, and when using water, the water pump will deteriorate first of all. Worse, if after water, pour antifreeze again. Then he, interacting with the salts that stood out from the water, will begin to foam. Then it will be squeezed out through small gaps and leaks. This happens with any coolant (it does not matter what types of antifreeze were mixed).
Antifreeze as an indicator of the technical condition of the car
The condition of the coolant in the engine can indirectly serve as an indicator of the car's well-groomedness and partially indicate its technical condition. If the product is dark and cloudy, with traces of sediment at the bottom of the expansion tank, then the car is not only with high mileage, but also with signs of poor maintenance.
A caring and attentive owner will not delay until the last minute.
Features of the operation of vehicles with antifreeze in the cooling system
To prevent breakdowns, regular maintenance of the cooling system is necessary. During operation, antifreeze, performing its main function, transferring heat from the engine to the radiator, deteriorates over time. Regardless of which species were used. And the properties of antifreeze also change over time. In addition to monitoring the state of the fluid itself, one should not lose sight of the system itself. It must be absolutely sealed. Exhaust gases or air must not be sucked into it. The appearance of such in the cooling system entails a decrease in heat-conducting properties. As a result, the machine quickly overheats, leads the cylinder head. The motor is almost beyond repair.
So, we found out the types of antifreeze and their compatibility with each other.
An important role in the operation of the car is played by the coolant. What it is intended for, what it consists of, how often it should be changed and what kind of liquid to choose for a particular model - we will answer these and other questions most frequently asked by our readers in our today's article.
What is coolant for?
The main function of the coolant is to reduce the thermal load on the components and parts of the internal combustion engine installed in the car. It circulates in a closed circuit, in contact with the walls of the engine cylinders (in which the temperature of the combustible fuel reaches several thousand degrees Celsius) through the so-called "cooling jacket" of the power plant (special cavity), heats up and removes excess heat from the cylinder block.
In the engine cooling system, the working fluid flows through two circuits - small and large, periodically heating up (at the working surfaces of the motor) and cooling down (in the radiator). The centrifugal pump is responsible for the circulation of the coolant in the system, and for its redirection from a large circuit to a small one (when the engine warms up), depending on the operating temperature of the engine -.
The expansion tank plays an important role in the engine cooling system: it contains a supply of “coolant”, the excess pressure of the coolant is regulated through its valve, which allows the engine to operate at higher temperatures, preventing it from boiling over.
What is coolant made of?
Two types of liquids are used to cool the engine: distilled water and antifreeze. Water is the cheapest, non-toxic, with the highest specific heat capacity (the ability to absorb heat per unit weight) and the greatest liquid-cooling capacity. Antifreezes are chemically complex substances that have a high boiling point and are not subject to freezing at critically low temperatures (from -40 ° C to -70 ° C).
Distilled water, antifreeze, antifreeze
In the engine cooling system of modern cars, water is not used because of its impracticality: it freezes already at 0 ° C, expanding in volume up to 10% and turning into ice crystals. Accordingly, this “cooler” will no longer be able to perform its main function, removing heat from the engine, in winter, besides, ice crystals formed in the engine cooling system can harm the components and parts of the power unit, leading to the so-called “defrosting” of the engine - that is, the destruction of cylinder blocks and block heads. Therefore, today the automaker prefers antifreezes that are devoid of the inherent disadvantages of water.
The composition of antifreezes includes two main elements - water and polyhydric alcohols, which have a high ability to expand when heated, one of the key characteristics of the coolant. In addition to water and polyhydric alcohols, antifreezes contain a variety of additives that improve the performance of the coolant: suppressing the formation of rust on metal surfaces, foaming when high temperatures are reached, the destruction of the surfaces of rubber parts, the formation of steam condensate and others. Another element of antifreeze is a dye that plays the role of a marker - if the liquid changes color during operation, then it is time to replace it.
According to the composition of alcohols, all antifreezes are divided into two types: ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol coolants contain ethylene glycol, a polyhydric alcohol with a sweetish odor, yellow in color, whose density at +20°C is 1.112-1.113 g/cm³, the boiling point is 197°C, and the freezing point is -11.5°C. Depending on the operating conditions for which the "cooler" based on ethylene glycol is intended, it is diluted with water in such proportions as 1:1, 1:2 or 2:3. The higher the content of ethylene glycol in such a mixture, the greater the resistance to freezing and boiling it has.
Propylene glycol antifreezes contain propylene glycol, a polyhydric alcohol, which is very similar in chemical properties to ethylene glycol, but has less toxicity and a greater degree of kinematic viscosity. Its last property can be attributed to disadvantages, since when external low temperatures are exposed to the power unit, the circulation rate of such a “cooler” through the engine cooling system drops, and the liquid performs its functions worse.
Antifreezes also differ in the chemical composition of additives - they are divided into four types: traditional, carboxylate, hybrid and lobrid.
Traditional, used mainly in cars manufactured in Europe, North America and a number of Asian countries (Japan, South Korea) until 2000, additives contain corrosion inhibitors from inorganic elements - phosphates, nitrates, borates and so on. They were no longer used for cooling engines for several reasons: a relatively short service life (up to 2 years), low boiling point (up to 105 ° C). In the course of operation, traditional additives, decomposing, covered the working surfaces with a layer of substances contained in them, which led to a deterioration in the cooling of components and parts of the power plant, the destruction of elements of the centrifugal pump, and clogging of the line of the machine's cooling system.
Application: traditional antifreezes (Tosol) are now used in domestically produced cars (VAZ, UAZ, GAZ).
Carboxylate additives containing organic acids (carboxylates) are the most effective in slowing down corrosion. They are able to act pointwise on potential foci of corrosion and cavitation (the formation of steam condensate), covering problem areas with a protective layer of no more than 1 micron, which allows for more efficient cooling of the engine. The service life of such additives is five years or more, depending on the operating conditions.
Application: carboxylate antifreezes are used in cars of Fiat, Ford, KIA, Hyundai, Renault and other brands.
Hybrid additives contain inorganic (silicates, nitrites or phosphates) and organic (carboxylates) substances. The cumulative effect of these mixtures on the centers of corrosion and steam condensate is higher than that of traditional additives, but due to the presence of neolimits, they have the same, but less pronounced, disadvantages as those of "pure" silicate, phosphate and nitrite inhibitors. The service life of hybrid additives is three to five years.
Application: hybrid antifreezes are used in cars of Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz, BMW brands.
Lobrid additives are the newest type of corrosion and steam condensate suppressants, which can be classified as a hybrid subspecies. Their peculiarity is in the distribution in a mixture of organic (90% carboxylates) and inorganic (10% silicates) substances, which leads to an improvement in the technical characteristics of such antifreezes compared to hybrid ones.
Application: used in Peugeot, Citroen, Volkswagen, Skoda, Seat cars.
Marking antifreeze from Volkswagen
The Volkswagen concern has developed its own coolant tolerance marking for carboxylate, hybrid and lobrid antifreezes, which today is used by many anti-freeze manufacturers. So, carboxylate antifreezes are labeled G12 and G12 + (corresponding to VW TL 774-D / VW TL 774-F specifications), hybrid - G11 (corresponding to VW TL 774-C specifications), lobrid - G12 ++, G13 (corresponding to VW TL 774-G specifications).
A feature of these specifications is the ban on the use of borates, nitrites, amines, phosphates and silicates in coolants (except for G 11 and G 12 ++, where the content of this substance is allowed up to 680 mg / l and up to 500 mg / l, respectively). Volkswagen allowed the use of G11 antifreeze in its cars manufactured before 1996, G 12 and G12 + in models manufactured from 1997 to 2008. Antifreeze liquids G12++ and G 13 are used today in the cooling systems of car engines manufactured by the concern since 2008.
Volkswagen people carefully ensure that their tolerances are respected by antifreeze manufacturers who label their products in accordance with G specifications. If at least one of the prohibited substances is included in the coolant marked, for example, G12 +, then such antifreeze does not meet Volkswagen standards and can be considered a fake, since such an “anti-freeze” will not perform all functions, may prematurely “grow old” and harm the engine.
What is the difference between antifreeze and antifreeze?
There can be no difference here, since Tosol, familiar to Russian motorists, is the same antifreeze that belongs to traditional coolants. It contains ethylene glycol, water and inorganic additives. Distinguish, for example, "Tosol 40" and "Tosol 65", the first is blue, the second is red. "Tosol 40" is designed for operation at temperatures not lower than -40°С, and "Tosol 65" is designed for operation of non-freezing coolant at temperatures not lower than -65°С.
Can coolants of different compositions be mixed?
As with and, mixing coolants of different types and classes is not recommended due to differences in their chemical compositions. So, when mixing carboxylate and traditional additives, their chemicals can precipitate, which will lead to clogging of the cooling system. Even if this does not happen, then additives of different chemical composition can enter into a reaction, as a result of which their useful properties will be significantly weakened.
Tip: if it is not possible to replenish the supply of “coolant” immediately, it is better to add distilled water to the expansion tank of the cooling system.
How long does it take to change coolant?
Replacement in the cooling system of the working fluid is carried out in three cases: planned, ahead of schedule and in an emergency.
Scheduled replacement of the coolant, depending on the timing established by the vehicle manufacturer. This information can be gleaned from the instruction manuals for each specific model. We repeat: antifreezes with traditional additives are changed every two years, coolants with carboxylate additives - after five to seven years, coolants with hybrid additives - after three to five years, antifreezes with lobrid additives - after five to six years.
After these periods, the performance characteristics of coolants change: they lose their ability to resist corrosion, begin to boil at relatively low temperatures, and remove heat from components and parts of power plants worse.
It is necessary to change the coolant ahead of time if a structural failure of the engine has occurred, for example, exhaust gases have begun to flow into the antifreeze from a leaky cylinder block gasket or when the cooling system is depressurized and air enters it. The interaction of the coolant with exhaust gases or air leads to the fact that the liquid prematurely loses its main operational properties. You can understand that the operation of the cooling system has been disrupted if you notice that the radiator fan has started to turn on more often, deposits similar to jelly have appeared on the walls of the expansion tank, or sediment has appeared in the tank (often found at an air temperature of -15 ° C).
Emergency situations during which the driver had to add water to the cooling system include a burst hose. The hose was changed, the missing amount of “coolant” was supplemented with water taken from the tap. What happens next? Ordinary tap water does not have the properties of distilled water, so the salt content in it is high. These salts, interacting with the chemicals that make up the coolant, form a precipitate that negatively affects the metal parts of the system - in other words, corrosion processes are activated. Precipitated substances impede the circulation of antifreeze in the system, which leads to improper heat removal from engine components, as a result of which the motor may overheat. If you still had to fill the engine cooling system with tap water, then at the first opportunity completely replace the “cooler”, after flushing the system with distilled water.
Today, the market for antifreeze for car radiators is filled with products based on ethylene glycol. This substance has a number of positive qualities in operation. The durability of the cooling system, as well as the operation of the engine, depend on the correct choice of means for the cooling system.
Ethylene glycol based antifreeze has a low freezing point, which depends on the concentration of the substance. The liquid inside the cooling system begins to crystallize in the range from 0 to -70ºС. When choosing high-quality antifreeze, it is necessary to take into account the operating conditions of the machine. In the summer, it should cool the engine as efficiently as possible. In winter, the liquid should not freeze even in severe frosts.
Types of antifreeze
Today there are two main types of antifreeze - carbosilicate and silicate substances. The second type is used in old-style cars. The most famous representative of this class of funds is antifreeze. Silicate antifreezes have a number of disadvantages, so they are not used for foreign cars.
Silica-free antifreeze based on ethylene glycol is preferable for foreign new cars. The additives that make up the product, during the operation of the car, settle exclusively in areas where corrosion forms. This was made possible by the inclusion of organic components in the composition of the product. In this case, the engine cooling is complete.
Silicate varieties based on ethylene glycol cover the entire inner surface of the tubes with inorganic components. They effectively prevent the formation of corrosion, but at the same time reduce the cooling capacity of the system.
Composition of antifreeze
Ethylene glycol-based antifreezes have a specific composition. Their main characteristics depend on this. In its pure form, ethylene glycol looks like an oily substance. Its freezing point is -13ºС, and its boiling point is +197ºС. This material is quite dense. Ethylene glycol is a strong food poison. This substance is toxic, especially after the exhaustion of its resource. Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze waste, the composition of which has been contaminated with heavy metals during operation, must be properly disposed of.
When mixed, it can significantly decrease (up to -70ºС at a ratio of water and ethylene glycol 1:2). Organic and inorganic components can be used as additives. The first option is preferable. today there are 4 types: carboxylate, traditional, organic and hybrid. Due to the difference in the components that make up the antifreeze, different brands of these products cannot be mixed. Otherwise, they will conflict with each other, reducing the effectiveness of the substance.
Antifreeze color
Initially, ethylene glycol-based antifreeze, the color of which can be seen in production, looks like a transparent substance. It has only a specific smell. Regardless of the brand, antifreeze has no color. Dyes are added to identify its quality. Among drivers and auto mechanics, there is a classification of the quality of the product adopted by them, depending on its color. There are 3 groups of antifreezes.
- Class G11 includes blue and green facilities. These are the cheapest consumables. They include ethylene glycol and silicate additives. The service life of such antifreezes is about 30 thousand km.
- The class G12 includes red and pink types of substances. They are of higher quality. They include ethylene glycol and organic additives. The service life of such funds can reach 150-200 thousand km. However, their cost is much higher.
- There is also a third class - G13. In addition to the components listed in the previous section, it contains propylene glycol. The color of such funds is most often characterized by orange and yellow hues.
Labeling system
Each ethylene glycol-based antifreeze for aluminum radiators, as well as loaded cooling systems, contains dyes. They do not affect the technical characteristics of the substance in any way. The choice of one or another color depends on the whim of the manufacturer. There is no generally accepted labeling standard, as well as the addition of dyes.
The markings presented above, which are most often taken into account by drivers and auto mechanics, were used earlier in the production of German-made VW coolant antifreezes. These funds are very popular. However, even he himself has already changed his specifications. Today, this well-known manufacturer makes 3 main classes of organic-based antifreeze. Their marking has the prefix G12++, G12+++ and G13. Therefore, before buying a product for a cooling system, it is more correct to pay attention to the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer, as well as the composition of the consumable material itself. There is no single marking for all antifreezes.
The main properties of antifreeze
In the course of their operation, antifreezes exhibit a whole range of qualities. They are regulated by the norms and approvals of car manufacturers. It should be noted that ethylene glycol is a toxic substance. With the development of its resource, this indicator increases. There are rules on how to dispose of waste antifreeze based on ethylene glycol. They are credited with various negative properties. Therefore, when it is necessary to contact a special organization that will properly dispose of it.
It is also important to take into account the foaming properties of antifreeze. For domestically produced products, this figure is 30 cm³, and for imported products - 150 cm³. The wettability of antifreeze is 2 times greater than that of water. Therefore, they are able to seep even into very thin cracks. This explains their ability to flow out even in the presence of microcracks.
Overview of popular brands
In our country, various brands of antifreeze based on ethylene glycol are used. The most popular include Felix, Alaska, Sintek, Long Life, Nord. They are characterized by an optimal ratio of price and quality.
The presented antifreezes are designed for the harsh conditions of our climate. Also, the developed line of products allows the driver to choose the required product for the engine of his car. The presented means effectively resist the formation of corrosion, and also provide good cooling properties of the radiator.
Products popular today in our country effectively protect engine systems from the formation of deposits, especially in the water pump, engine compartment and supply channels.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The internal combustion engine must be cooled to ensure the normal thermal operation of its components and parts. The most common cooling systems with forced circulation of fluid. During operation, it can heat up to 100 ° C and sometimes more, and cool down to ambient temperature in the parking lot. The efficiency of the cooling system, the reliability and durability of the engine largely depend on the properties of the liquid. It must have a high heat capacity, thermal conductivity, boiling point, mobility, as well as a low crystallization temperature and coefficient of volumetric expansion. The coolant must not cause corrosion of metals, destroy the rubber seals and foam during operation.
Water has the greatest cooling capacity, has the maximum heat capacity, fireproof, non-toxic and cheap. But water has a relatively low boiling point and evaporates relatively quickly, and if at the same time it is hard (contains mineral impurities and dissolved salts), then scale is actively formed. At temperatures below 0°C, water freezes and turns into ice (crystallizes) with a significant, up to 10% increase in volume. This leads to the "defrosting" of the engine - the destruction of its main parts and assemblies. Therefore, it cannot be used in the cold season without draining from the car during long-term parking outside a warm garage.
Low freezing coolants - antifreezes(from the English "antifreeze" - non-freezing) replaced water in the cooling systems of modern car engines. The most widely used low-freezing fluids based on glycol, which are a mixture of ethylene glycol with water. Sometimes there are liquids based on propylene glycol - they cannot be mixed with ethylene glycol.
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF ANTIFREEZE
Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol)- oily yellowish liquid, odorless, moderately viscous, with a density of 1.112-1.113 g/cm3 (at 20°C), a boiling point of 197°C and crystallization of -11.5°C. When heated, ethylene glycol and its aqueous solutions expand greatly. To prevent the ejection of liquid from the cooling system, it is equipped with an expansion tank and filled to 92–94% of the total volume.
An aqueous solution of ethylene glycol is chemically aggressive and causes corrosion of steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper and brass parts of the cooling system, as well as solders used for soldering its components. In addition, ethylene glycol is highly toxic.
propylene glycol- similar in properties to ethylene glycol and less toxic, but about 10 times more expensive. At low temperatures, it is more viscous than ethylene glycol, and therefore pumpability is poorer.
A mixture of ethylene glycol and water characterized by the fact that the temperature of its crystallization depends on the ratio of these two components. In a mixture, it is significantly lower than separately for water and ethylene glycol. At various proportions, solutions with a crystallization temperature from 0 to -75°C can be obtained. The temperature of crystallization and boiling, as well as the density of a mixture of ethylene glycol and water, depending on the content of ethylene glycol in it, are shown in the figure. The lowest freezing point value corresponds to a composition in which ethylene glycol is 66.7% and water is 33.3%. In other cases, the same freezing point can be obtained with two ratios of ethylene glycol and water. It is economically advantageous to use the option with a large amount of water.
Determination of the ratio of ethylene glycol and water in antifreeze is carried out according to the density measured using a hydrometer or hydrometer. On special instruments, for convenience, instead of a density scale, a double scale is used, which simultaneously shows the percentage of ethylene glycol and the crystallization temperature. When checking, it is necessary to take into account the temperature corrections to the readings of the device indicated in the instructions for it.
Additive complex includes anticorrosive, antifoaming, stabilizing and coloring agents. Antifreezes should not contain nitrite-nitrates in their composition, which, interacting with amines, form toxic compounds, some of which are carcinogenic (causing cancer).
Requirements for antifreeze in Russia installed in accordance with GOST 28084-89 “Low-freezing cooling fluids. General technical conditions". The standard normalizes the main indicators of ethylene glycol-based coolants: appearance, density, crystallization onset temperature, corrosive effect on metals, foaming, rubber swelling, etc. Coolants are not subject to mandatory certification.
Certain brands of ready-to-use antifreezes and concentrates that require dilution with distilled water before use are produced according to specifications that specify the composition and presence of additives, miscibility of liquids and their color. Manufacturers assign them various names, for example, “Tosol”, “Lena”, “Lada”, “Antifreeze G-48” and (or) indicate the crystallization temperature: OZH-40, OZH-65, A-40.
"TOSOL"- one of the names of antifreeze, formed from two parts:
"TOS"- "Technology of organic synthesis" (the name of the department of GosNIIOKhT that created the antifreeze);
"OL"- the ending characteristic of alcohols (ethanol, butynol, methanol).
This antifreeze was developed in 1971 at the State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology (GosNIIOKhT) for VAZ cars to replace the Italian PARAFLU. The trademark "TOSOL" was not registered, so it is used by many domestic manufacturers of coolants. But the performance properties of "antifreeze" can be different, since they are determined by the additives used, and they differ from different manufacturers.
Coolant Compatibility determined by the specifications. Fluids made according to different specifications are often incompatible, since the additives they contain can react with each other and lose their useful properties. Therefore, if necessary, restore the coolant level, it is better to add distilled water.
Requirements for foreign-made antifreezes are generally defined by ASTM (American Association for Testing and Materials) and SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers of the USA) standards. These standards regulate the properties of concentrates and antifreeze based on their basis (ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) and operating conditions. For example, ethylene glycol fluids are designed for: ASTM D 3306 and ASTM D 4656 for passenger cars and light trucks;
according to ASTM D 4985 and ASTM D 5345 - for engines operating in severe conditions: long-term operation in modes close to maximum power, on off-road vehicles, large trucks, in stationary power plants, etc. These liquids differ in that a special additive must be added to them before use.
Imported antifreezes according to ASTM D 3306 can be used for domestic passenger cars.
Manufacturer Specifications vehicles may contain additional requirements. For example, General Motors USA standards - Antifreeze Concentrate GM 1899-M, GM 6038-M or Volkswagen Group G standards prohibit the use of corrosion inhibitors containing nitrites, nitrates, amines, phosphates in antifreeze and stipulate maximum permissible concentrations of silicates, borax, chlorides. This reduces scale deposits, increases seal life, and improves corrosion protection.
REPLACING ANTIFREEZE
Planned replacement necessary because even during normal operation, the content of additives in the antifreeze gradually decreases and the corrosion of engine parts increases. The liquid foams more, therefore, it transfers heat worse and the motor may overheat. As a rule, a scheduled replacement is recommended after two years, and with intensive use - every 60 thousand km. car mileage.
Early replacement may be required when exhaust gases enter the cooling system, for example, through a faulty head gasket, or air at leaks, which leads to accelerated aging of the fluid. Signs of this need may include:
- a jelly-like mass forms on the inner surface of the expansion tank;
- in light frost (down to -15 ° C), the antifreeze becomes mushy and sediment is found in the tank;
- the electric fan of the radiator of the cooling system works more and more often.
In an emergency, for example, when replacing a broken hose on a long journey, water has to be poured into the cooling system from a random source. Hard water with impurities activates corrosion and causes the formation of foreign suspension, which slows down the circulation of the liquid and can make it difficult for the water pump to work. In addition, in places of strong heating, scale forms, which impairs the operation of the cooling system. If the antifreeze has turned brown, it means that active corrosion of the parts of the cooling system occurs. Coolant diluted with low-quality water should be replaced as soon as possible with mandatory flushing of the cooling system.
The procedure for replacing the coolant (carried out on a cold engine):
- remove the cover of the expansion tank and (or) the radiator;
- open the tap of the heater radiator so that there is no liquid left in it or in the supply hoses;
- unscrew the plugs in the radiator and the engine block, drain the old coolant into the substituted container, then install the drain plugs back;
- slowly pour new coolant through the expansion tank in a thin stream and close its cap;
- start the engine, warm it up, then stop it, and after cooling, if necessary, add liquid to the desired level.
FLUSHING THE COOLING SYSTEM
Scheduled replacement of antifreeze it is enough to rinse the system once with distilled or, in extreme cases, well-boiled, melted or rain water.
When changing from water to antifreeze, replacing with brown or with signs of premature aging of the coolant, it is necessary to remove scale and corrosion products. This can only be done using special detergents in accordance with the instructions for them. Washes are aqueous solutions of weak acids - formic, oxalic, hydrochloric with the addition of corrosion inhibitors. Then, the remaining detergent composition should be removed by flushing the system at least once with distilled water.
The order of flushing the cooling system:
- drain the coolant and fill in the flushing fluid instead, in the same way as it is done when replacing the fluid;
- let the engine run for 20 to 60 minutes - the dirtier the drained coolant was, the more time is required to flush the system;
- stop the engine, drain the washing liquid, flush the system with distilled water and fill in fresh antifreeze.
The level of antifreeze in the expansion tank may become less than normal due to the evaporation of water from it or due to system leaks. In the first case, you need to add distilled water, and if it is not there, boiled water for 30 minutes. In case of leaks, add coolant, preferably of the same brand.
Purchase for topping up or replacing should be a coolant approved by the vehicle manufacturer, and it is better in stores, and not from a temporary tray on the street.
concentrates cannot be used in the engine cooling system - they consist of ethylene glycol with additives and a small amount of water, therefore they have a crystallization temperature of -11.5 ° C or slightly lower. They are intended only for the preparation of antifreeze by diluting the concentrate with distilled water. How much to add to get the desired freezing point of the coolant should be indicated in the instructions.
canister with antifreeze should inspire confidence in the manufacturer. A good product is rarely packaged carelessly. The container, as a rule, is closed with a cork with a disposable "ratchet", sometimes additionally protected by a "seal" - a label or tape. They should be intact, not glued, and the toothed ring on the cork should be in close contact with the neck. The tightness of the canister can be checked by turning it over or slightly squeezing it from the sides. If there is a leak or the canister is not elastic (the outgoing air hisses), it is better not to buy this. Translucent canisters are good because you can see their contents. Turbid coolant, especially with sediment, is not necessary to buy. If you shake the canister, the resulting foam should settle in about three seconds, for the concentrate - after five.
Label quality goods are usually well made and glued. The barcode, drawings, letters and numbers on it are clear, not forked or vague. The information is complete, not advertising, but mostly technical: the name of the manufacturer, its address and telephone number, annotation for the use of antifreeze, its boiling and freezing point, shelf life, batch number with date of manufacture, etc.
Attention! Ethylene glycol is poisonous and can penetrate the body even through the skin. It tastes sweet and should be kept out of the reach of children. Spilled ethylene glycol poses a certain danger to animals. When ingested, the lethal dose for humans can be as low as 35 cm3.
D-Service is an experienced service provider in the field of maintenance of air conditioning and heating systems. By contacting us, you will receive comprehensive service on favorable terms.
We make one-time and regular supplies of ethylene glycol in convenient packaging, we pack the chemical in convenient containers. The solution is used in the manufacture of coolants, coolants. When mixing the product with water, solutions are obtained that freeze at temperatures well below 0°C. The resulting substance, even when frozen, does not turn into a solid state, but becomes a loose slurry. Ethylene glycol in combination with water expands much less than ordinary ice. That is why its use prevents damage to radiators and pipes.
We offer the following types of heat transfer fluids based on ethylene glycol:
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 36 WATER SOLUTION - heat transfer fluid and anti-freeze coolant with anti-corrosion additives
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 40 AQUEOUS SOLUTION - heat transfer fluid and anti-freeze coolant with anti-corrosion additives
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 45 AQUEOUS SOLUTION - heat transfer fluid and anti-freeze coolant with anti-corrosion additives
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 50 AQUEOUS SOLUTION - heat transfer fluid and anti-freeze coolant with anti-corrosion additives
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 54 AQUEOUS SOLUTION - heat transfer fluid and anti-freeze coolant with anti-corrosion additives
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 65 AQUEOUS SOLUTION - heat transfer fluid and anti-freeze coolant with anti-corrosion additives
The D-Service company delivers ethylene glycol solution, which is necessary for the production of heat carriers used in various engineering systems and mechanisms. They are used for heat transfer and heat dissipation. In addition, the supply of antifreeze is carried out for enterprises engaged in the manufacture of a variety of synthetic fibers, solvents, polyurethanes, resins, explosives and fragrances. Long-term cooperation with leading companies in the chemical industry makes it possible to order the required amount of ethylene glycol solution at the lowest cost. That is why, turning to us, you get the opportunity to purchase a coolant at competitive prices. The high quality of ethylene glycol antifreeze is confirmed by certificates and accompanying documentation.
The solution is classified as toxic and hazardous to human health substances, it can not be inhaled for a long time or ingested. We supply ethylene glycol solution in containers intended for such transportation, and delivery is carried out using special vehicles. Customers don't have to worry about arranging transportation, everything is handled by D-Service.
By purchasing this substance, you will be able to contact us in the future regarding the disposal of the ethylene glycol solution. To perform such work, the organization must have the necessary permits and technical equipment; we have everything you need to carry out recycling procedures (experience, equipment, licenses).
Ethylene glycol antifreeze from an experienced supplier
Why are these solutions used in engineering systems?
- The purchase of ethylene glycol leads to a reduction in energy costs, as the costs of operating engineering equipment of various facilities are significantly reduced.
destination. - The company can turn off cooling systems in winter without having to drain
coolant. - The purchase of ethylene glycol is beneficial for owners of country houses, occasionally using a heating system.
If you need to order a solution for industrial needs or personal use, please contact the competent specialists of our company. The supply of ethylene glycol solution is carried out as soon as possible, the manager will recommend the required amount of chemical for specific operating conditions.
When ordering antifreeze, you get a quality product in the shortest possible time. Trust cooperation with experienced specialists, contact the manager and purchase ethylene glycol right now.
| Name | Unit. | up to 500 kg | from 500 to 1k | from 1k to 2k | from 2k to 3k | from 3k to 4k | from 4k to 5k |
| kg. | 55 | 48 | 46 | 44 | 43 | 42 | |
| PC. | 68,5 | 61,5 | 59,5 | 57,5 | 56,5 | 55,5 | |
| PC. | 59 | 52 | 50 | 48 | 47 | 46 | |
| PC. | 60 | 58 | 56 | 55 | 54 | ||
| kg. | 59 | 52 | 50 | 48 | 47 | 46 | |
| PC. | 72,5 | 65,5 | 63,5 | 61,5 | 60,5 | 59,5 | |
| PC. | 63 | 56 | 54 | 52 | 51 | 50 | |
| PC. | 64 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 58 | ||
| kg. | 63 | 56 | 54 | 52 | 51 | 50 | |
| PC. | 76,5 | 69,5 | 67,5 | 65,5 | 64,5 | 63,5 | |
| PC. | 67 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 55 | 54 | |
| PC. | 68 | 66 | 64 | 63 | 62 | ||
| kg. | 67 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 55 | 54 | |
| PC. | 80,5 | 73,5 | 71,5 | 69,5 | 68,5 | 67,5 | |
| PC. | 71 | 64 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 58 | |
| PC. | 72 | 70 | 68 | 67 | 66 | ||
| kg. | 71 | 64 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 58 | |
| PC. | 84,5 | 77,5 | 75,5 | 73,5 | 72,5 | 71,5 | |
| PC. | 75 | 68 | 66 | 64 | 63 | 62 | |
| PC. | 76 | 74 | 72 | 71 | 70 | ||
| kg. | 83 | 76 | 74 | 72 | 71 | 70 | |
| PC. | 96,5 | 89,5 | 87,5 | 85,5 | 84,5 | 83,5 | |
| PC. | 87 | 80 | 78 | 76 | 75 | 74 | |
| PC. | 88 | 86 | 84 | 83 | 82 | ||
| kg | 107 | 100 | 98 | 96 | 95 | 94 | |
| PC | 120,5 | 113,5 | 111,5 | 109,5 | 108,5 | 107,5 | |
| PC | 111 | 104 | 102 | 100 | 99 | 98 | |
| PC | 112 | 110 | 108 | 107 | 106 |
| Name | Unit. | from 5k to 6k | from 6k to 7k | from 7k to 8k | from 8k to 9k | from 9k to 10k |
| 35% (-20 C) ethylene glycol solution in water | kg. | 41 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 36 |
| 35% (-20 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (20 kg) | PC. | 54,5 | 53,5 | 52,5 | 51,5 | 49,5 |
| 35% (-20 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (235 kg) | PC. | 45 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 40 |
| 35% (-20 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (1050 kg) | PC. | 53 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 48 |
| 40% (-25 C) ethylene glycol solution in water | kg. | 45 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 40 |
| 40% (-25 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (20 kg) | PC. | 58,5 | 57,5 | 56,5 | 55,5 | 53,5 |
| 40% (-25 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (235 kg) | PC. | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 44 |
| 40% (-25 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (1050 kg) | PC. | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 52 |
| 45% (-30 C) ethylene glycol solution in water | kg. | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 44 |
| 45% (-30 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (20 kg) | PC. | 62,5 | 61,5 | 60,5 | 59,5 | 57,5 |
| 45% (-30 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (235 kg) | PC. | 53 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 48 |
| 45% (-30 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (1050 kg) | PC. | 61 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 56 |
| 50% (-35 C) ethylene glycol solution in water | kg. | 53 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 48 |
| 50% (-35 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (20 kg) | PC. | 66,5 | 65,5 | 64,5 | 63,5 | 61,5 |
| 50% (-35 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (235 kg) | PC. | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 52 |
| 50% (-35 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (1050 kg) | PC. | 65 | 64 | 63 | 62 | 60 |
| 55% (-40 C) ethylene glycol solution in water | kg. | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 52 |
| 55% (-40 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (20 kg) | PC. | 70,5 | 69,5 | 68,5 | 67,5 | 65,5 |
| 55% (-40 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (235 kg) | PC. | 61 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 56 |
| 55% (-40 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (1050 kg) | PC. | 69 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 64 |
| 70% (-65 C) ethylene glycol solution in water | kg. | 69 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 64 |
| 70% (-65 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (20 kg) | PC. | 82,5 | 81,5 | 80,5 | 79,5 | 77,5 |
| 70% (-65 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (235 kg) | PC. | 73 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 59,95 |
| 70% (-65 C) ethylene glycol solution in water (1050 kg) | PC. | 81 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 61,3 |
| Ethylene glycol concentrate 99.8% | kg | 93 | 92 | 91 | 90 | 88 |
| Ethylene glycol concentrate 99.8% (20 kg) | PC | 106,5 | 105,5 | 104,5 | 103,5 | 101,5 |
| Ethylene glycol concentrate 99.8% (235 kg) | PC | 97 | 96 | 95 | 94 | 92 |
| Ethylene glycol concentrate 99.8% (1050 kg) | PC | 105 | 104 | 103 | 102 | 100 |
