Many business leaders and employees themselves do not always understand what the main categories of self-propelled vehicles which licenses are required to drive vehicles.

The article provides all the necessary information on this issue.

Important points on self-propelled machines

You need to know what categories self-propelled vehicles are divided into and what rights you need to get. The level of security in companies and organizations depends on this.

To drive such vehicles, you need to obtain special certificates.

Traffic police officers driving self-propelled vehicles on inappropriate rights qualifies as driving without a certificate. Liability for violation this rule can be not only administrative, but even criminal.

With sufficiently serious violations, not only the perpetrators of the violation and crime, but also the heads of the companies in which they work, can be held accountable.

Punishments are imposed on them for the reason that they allowed the control of equipment by people who do not have the right and proper skills to do so.

Understanding the main categories of self-propelled machines, as well as the certificates required to drive them, is not difficult. For the basis in this case you need to take Resolution No. 796 of 07/12/1999

It presents to attention information related to the management of machines and the issuance of intended for this process certificates.

A document that allows you to manage self-propelled vehicle and issued to the driver, is called in 2019, as before, the rights of a tractor driver-driver.

The received certificate of the tractor driver-machinist may contain records of certain categories modern technology. Each item in the classification of self-propelled vehicles by category must be considered in more detail.

Category A - these are modern motor vehicles that are not intended for movement on highways common use or having a maximum speed level not exceeding 50 km/h.

This includes vehicles such as:

1. I stands for motorcycle off-road vehicles – snowmobiles and ATVs.
2. II - automobile off-road vehicles with a permitted weight of up to 3.5 thousand kg and the number of seated passenger seats no more than eight. This sub-category includes swamp vehicles, side-by-side vehicles and usually with a body.
3. III is a special category off-road vehicles with a permitted mass of more than 3.5 tons. An all-terrain vehicle or a dump truck of the Ural-Polyarnik brand can be cited as an example of these vehicles.
4. IV - off-road vehicles that are designed to carry passengers, as well as having, in addition to driver's seat more than eight seats. An example here would be an apron airport bus.

Category B is wheeled and tracked vehicles, with engines whose power does not exceed 25.7 kW.

These vehicles can be completely different - gasoline, diesel, and also electric.

Drivers electric forklifts you will need to obtain a tractor driver’s license, category B and a special mark “forklift driver” must be open.

This category includes special wheeled vehicles, the engine of which ranges from 25.7 to 110.3 kW in terms of power. This category Vehicle is the most popular.

It may include:

1. Fork diesel loaders.
2. Bucket loaders.
3. Mini versions of the Bobcat.
4. Some models of "Amkord".

In a driver's license for this category, you can find such marks as a tractor driver, a loader driver and an excavator driver.

If you are interested in what category tractors and other self-propelled machines belong to, then this is just category C.

Category D

This category includes special wheeled vehicles equipped with engines with a power above 110.3 kW. These are quite powerful front loaders like Dresta, Volvo, Caterpillar.

Also here you can include cars designed for the transportation of sea containers. The certificate may contain marks characteristic of category C.

Category E

These are special tracked vehicles equipped with an engine whose power exceeds 25.7 kW. Driver's licenses of this category are marked "tractor driver" or "excavator driver".

Category F

To obtain all the categories of rights listed above, the driver must meet certain requirements.

To be admitted to the exams you will need:

1. Complete specialized training and receive professional basic or additional education. Programs are being studied that are directly or indirectly related to the management of self-propelled vehicles of the listed categories. After completing the course, you will be issued with an appropriate certificate of qualification.
2. Pass a special medical examination to obtain a medical certificate. The document must confirm the complete absence of medical contraindications for driving self-propelled vehicles.

• Category A I - from 16 years;
• Category A II - from 19 years old, experience 12 months automotive category B;
• Category A III - from 19 years, experience 12 months in category C;
• Category A IV - from 22 years old, total experience of 12 months on the rights of category D;
• Category B, C, E, F - from 17 years old;
• Category D - from 18 years old.

Only with full compliance with all of the above conditions can you undergo special training and pass the appropriate exams.

Basic exam procedure

Examinations for obtaining a license designed to drive self-propelled machines are taken in a certain sequence:

1. Examination theoretical knowledge for the operation of special self-propelled machines, their safe operation(except category F).
2. Theory for the operation of self-propelled machines and agricultural equipment. It is rented to obtain a category F license and for those who have already received the qualification of a tractor driver.
3. Delivery of the theory according to traffic rules.
4. Testing practical knowledge on complex practical driving skills, rules traffic and the safest operation of machines.

The practice is given in two stages. The first part is rented out on a site closed from traffic, which is characterized as a tractor track. The second part is carried out on a pre-selected route, which creates real conditions for the functioning of a self-propelled machine.

When passing the practical part of the exam, an employee of the training center will test the following skills and abilities:

• the beginning of the movement on the rise from a place;
• a U-turn on a track limited in width with a one-time gear shift;
• driving the car into the box in reverse;
• setting self-propelled vehicles in the unit with a trailer in the box in reverse;
• aggregation of a self-propelled car with a mounted machine and a trailer;
• stopping and braking at different speed modes, working out an emergency stop.

Upon successful passing of all points of the exams, the driver receives, against receipt, a tractor driver-driver's certificate for driving self-propelled vehicles.

When passing exams for categories self-propelled equipment, the specialist receives a professional certificate of a tractor driver.

Previously issued rights of such a plan are withdrawn from him, and all permissive entries and marks are transferred to the new document.

In the column "Special marks" the necessary restrictive, permissive and informational entries are affixed. This may be experience, qualification limitation, blood type, a mark on the management of lenses or glasses, and so on.

The certificate of a tractor driver or just a tractor driver is issued for a period of up to 10 years.. After this time, the document must be replaced, as it is considered invalid.

Conclusion

For training in driving vehicles belonging to the category of self-propelled vehicles, you will need to pay an average of 8,500 to 12,000 rubles. It all depends on the training center where the training takes place.

Drivers of self-propelled vehicles who successfully pass the exam receive a special certificate regarding the training they have completed in their hands. training center. After that, a certificate of a professional tractor driver-machinist is issued.

Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1090 dated October 23, 1993 “On the Rules ...” (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

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The rules are obligatory for observance throughout the territory of the Russian Federation by all persons, one way or another participating in traffic(Clause 1.1 of the Rules). Self-propelled (hereinafter also referred to as self-propelled) vehicles are fully covered by the Rules.

Which vehicles are

In paragraph 1.2. The Rules do not provide such a concept as “self-propelled machine” or “self-propelled machinery”.

But it is said that any tractors and self-propelled machines belong to mechanical vehicles - that is, to such vehicles that are driven by an engine. Accordingly, the norms of the Rules applicable to other mechanical vehicles also apply to self-propelled vehicles.

A clear definition of the concept of “self-propelled machine” is presented immediately in 2 regulations:

• in paragraph 2 of the Admission Rules ... approved by Government Decree No. 796 of July 12, 1999 “On Approval ...” (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations);
• and in ab. 2 p. 1 of the Rules for conducting ..., approved by Government Decree No. 1013 of November 13, 2013 “On technical ...”.

The most complete definition is given in the Regulation: self-propelled machinery is tractors, road-building units and other trackless mechanical vehicles with an engine internal combustion more than 50 cubic meters, or an electric motor with a power of over 4 kW.

Immediately, in the Regulations, it is said that vehicles are not considered self-propelled vehicles, for the registration of which the territorial bodies of the traffic police are responsible - namely, the vehicles specified in paragraph 1 of the Rules for the registration of motor vehicles ..., approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 1001 dated November 24, 2008 “On okay…”.

It is important to know that the registration of self-propelled vehicles in the Russian Federation is carried out not by the traffic police, but by the territorial divisions of the Gostekhnadzor (see paragraph 3, clause 2 of Government Decree No. 938 of August 12, 1994 “On the State ...”).

Registration by Gostekhnadzor bodies is carried out in accordance with the Rules of the State ..., approved on January 16, 1995 by V. N. Shcherbak.

What category of driver's license do you need?

Get driver's license for self-propelled vehicles will be required only if the engine capacity of a self-propelled vehicle, in accordance with the passport, is more than 50 cubic meters (for an internal combustion engine) or more than 4 kW (if the vehicle is equipped with an electric motor).

The right to drive equipment with the above characteristics is confirmed by one of 2 documents (clause 3 of the Regulations):

• or a tractor driver's certificate;

• or temporary certificate.

In accordance with paragraph 4 of the Regulations, there are 6 main categories:

Category specified in the tractor driver's license	Subcategory	Which self-propelled machinery can be driven with this category after completing training and passing exams
A	A1	SUVs
	A2	Off-road vehicles with the number of seats not more than 8 and weighing not more than 3500 kg
	A3	SUVs weighing over 3500 kg
	A4	SUVs with more than 8 seats and specially designed for the transport of passengers
B		Self-propelled vehicles on wheels or caterpillars with a power not exceeding 25.7 kW
C		Self-propelled wheeled vehicles with an engine from 25.7 to 110.3 kW
D		Wheeled from 110.3 kW and more
E		Caterpillar from 25.7 kW and more
F		Self-propelled, designed for agricultural work

On the basis of clause 10 of the Regulations, in order to obtain the appropriate category, a citizen is required to pass an exam. Admission to the exam is carried out subject to the requirements presented in clause 11 of the Regulations.

Where movement is prohibited

The Rules indicate only one case when the movement of self-propelled vehicles is prohibited without an alternative.

In particular, ab. 2 point 16.1. The rules state that pedestrians, pets, cyclists, mopedists, tractors and other self-propelled vehicles are prohibited on highways.

In addition, on the motorway marked with the sign 5.1., it is impossible to drive in general by any vehicle, technical specifications which does not allow speeds over 40 km / h.

There is also a ban that applies only to tractors and self-propelled machines with tracks. This prohibition is contained in s. 4 p. 12 of the Basic Provisions for Admission.

It says that tractors and self-propelled vehicles on tracks cannot move on roads that have:

• asphalt;
• or cement-concrete coating.

In other cases, one or another ban on driving on a certain road for self-propelled vehicles is introduced by the appropriate sign (details below).

Which signs correspond

The tractor driver driving self-propelled machinery must be guided by the requirements of all road signs listed in Appendix 1 to the Rules.

All warning and priority signs apply to motor vehicle drivers without any exceptions.

In other words, the tractor driver must, like the drivers, cars, stop at a red traffic light or give way to vehicles moving on the main road.

Among the prohibition signs there are signs that:

• extend their effect to all mechanical vehicles, including self-propelled ones;
• do not apply to self-propelled vehicles;
• or extend their action specifically to self-propelled vehicles.

The 1st group includes such pointers as, for example:

• 1., prohibiting the entry of all vehicles;

• 2., introducing a ban on the movement of all vehicles;

• 3., regulating the ban on the movement of only mechanical vehicles (including self-propelled vehicles);

• 4., which says about the impossibility of movement for trucks with a mass of over 3.5 tons, tractors and self-propelled vehicles.

The 2nd group includes:

The 3rd group includes such an indicator as 3.6. “Movement of tractors is prohibited” - the sign prohibits driving not only for tractors, but also for other self-propelled machines.

The requirements of prescriptive signs apply to the driver of self-propelled equipment in full.

As for the signs of special requirements, among them the driver of self-propelled equipment should pay attention to the following:

• 2. - indicates the end of the motorway and the emergence of the possibility for the movement of tractors;

• 3. - allows movement only for motorcycles, buses and cars, tractors and other self-propelled vehicles cannot move under this sign;

• 36. - means the beginning of the zone of restriction of the ecological class, that is, if the tractor has environmental class according to the passport less than indicated on the sign, movement is prohibited.

Among the information signs for the tractor driver Special attention refer to 6.15.1. - 6.15.3., which regulate the recommended direction for driving, if traffic in one of the directions for such vehicles is prohibited at the intersection.

Travel speed

Speed ​​limits to be observed by drivers Russian roads, are regulated by Section 10 of the Rules and depend on the type of vehicle and the type of road.

Based on clause 10.2. Rules, in settlements there is a single rule for everyone - you need to move at a speed of no more than 60 km / h. A different speed limit may be set by sign 3.24.

Maximum allowed speed out of bounds locality will depend on the mass of self-propelled vehicles and the type of road on which it moves:

If self-propelled machinery transports bulky, dangerous or heavy cargo, regardless of where it moves - in the city or outside it, it is impossible to move at a speed higher than that established when agreeing on the conditions of transportation (paragraph 2 of clause 10.4 of the Rules) .

In addition, the driver of a tractor or other self-propelled machine is prohibited from:

• exceed the speed limit technical capabilities TC (paragraph 2, clause 10.5 of the Rules);
• exceed the speed indicated on the identification sign “Speed ​​Limit” installed on the rear side of the body in accordance with the requirements of clause 8 of the Basic Regulations for Admission ...;
• travel at a speed that does not allow safe driving due to difficult weather conditions, traffic intensity or visibility (clause 10.1 of the Rules).

Punishment for traffic violations

Here are some violations of the driver of a tractor or other self-propelled equipment that may well be held accountable:

Driving a tractor not registered with Gostekhnadzor	Liability is provided in the form of a fine from 500 to 800 rubles on the basis of
The absence of a tractor driver driving license relevant category	If the tractor driver has forgotten the rights “at home”, the punishment will be imposed in the form of a warning or a fine of 500 rubles (). Exactly the same sanctions await those who do not take the “autocitizen” policy with them on the road.
Operation of the tractor, if there are no rights at all	Punishment - a fine from 5000 to 15000 according to. If the tractor driver drives on the roads, being deprived of his license, the sanctions will be tougher - either a fine of 30,000, or arrest for up to 15 calendar days, or compulsory labor from 100 to 200 hours
Over speed	Sanctions are regulated and depend on the amount by which the tractor driver exceeded the maximum speed allowed for him. The maximum penalty under this article is deprivation of rights for a period of 1 year.
Driving a self-propelled car on a motorway	Sanctions are not so tough - a fine of 1000 rubles based on
Driving a tractor on a red traffic light	Fine 1000 rubles. You can pay at a discount if you do it within the first 20 days from the date of the decision
Non-compliance by the tractor driver with the requirements of clause 11.6. Rules	If the driver of a tractor or other self-propelled equipment will move at a speed of 30 km/h or less outside the settlement, while transporting a dangerous or bulky cargo, he will need to take it as far to the right as possible, or stop and let the vehicles behind him pass. For failure to comply with this requirement, a fine of 1000 to 1500 rubles is imposed in accordance with
Movement under the sign 3.6.	Minimum liability - a warning or a fine of 500 rubles according to
Violation of any paragraph of Section 23 of the Rules	When transporting goods on self-propelled vehicles, the requirements of this Section must be observed, otherwise the driver will be warned or fined 500 rubles on the basis of. In case of violation of the procedure for transporting large-sized or dangerous goods special rules apply.

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Tractors belong to the so-called self-propelled equipment, the operation of which requires a license.

These are tractor rights, the categories of which allow you to drive various types vehicles belonging to this category, such as snowmobiles, excavators, loaders, etc.

What category is needed for a tractor

In order to understand which category is needed to drive a tractor, you need to know which group the machine belongs to:

• intended for agricultural work;
• industrial;
• earthmoving;
• road construction.

To drive any of these groups of vehicles, you must obtain rights.

Categories of tractor rights decoding

The right to a tractor or the so-called tractor driver's license has several categories and subcategories.

• A1 - motorized transport, which is designed for off-road driving;
• A2 - eight-seater (without a driver's seat) off-road vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tons;
• A3 - SUVs with a mass of more than 3.5 tons;
• A4 - transport with more than 8 seats;
• B - Caterpillar and wheeled vehicles, whose engine power does not exceed 27.5 kW;
• C - Special purpose vehicles with engine power from 27.5 to 110.3 kW;
• D - Special self-propelled transport with a capacity of over 110.3 kW;
• E- tracked transport power over 27.5 kW;
• F- Special machines which are intended for agricultural activities.

Take into account: the presence of one of the types of rights does not make it possible to manage transport that is not included in the existing category of rights.

Age of obtaining a tractor license

Categories	Age
A1	16
B, C, E, F	17
D	18
A2, A3	19
A4	22

Gostekhnadzor is engaged in training and taking exams for all categories.

Conditions for obtaining a tractor license in 2018

Until 2015, citizens were allowed to study on their own and come only to take exams.

Now, persons wishing to obtain the rights of a tractor driver must apply to the Gostekhnadzor bodies for training and passing exams.

The main conditions will be:

• reaching the age required to obtain a license;
• no medical contraindications;
• passing the required exam.

You can get the necessary medical certificate after passing through a number of required specialists, the list of which necessarily includes a narcologist and a psychiatrist. The list of specialists directly depends on the type of rights that the applicant is going to receive.

Consider: The certificate received is valid for one year.

In addition to the certificate, before passing the exams, you must provide a number of documents:

• statement;
• identity document;
• honey. certificate;
• certificate of completion of training;
• photo with a left-side corner 3x4 in size;
• driver's license in case of obtaining rights of type A2 and A4;
• when reissuing a new certificate, you must present the old one.

The exam procedure consists of two stages:

1. The theory includes an oral or written test of knowledge of the rules of the road and the procedure for operating the vehicle.
2. Practice, checking the skills of driving the necessary vehicle and practical knowledge of traffic rules.

Passing exams allows not only to obtain rights, but also to assign a rank in accordance with the skills of the examinee:

1. The second category - the implementation of control of self-propelled machines occurs under the guidance of an experienced driver. Allowed self repair loading mechanisms.
2. Third - independent management loading machines, as well as repair of mechanisms.
3. Fourth - with this category it is possible to unload, load and move goods by transport, the capacity of which is horsepower less than 100.
4. The fifth one is necessary for operators of excavators, bulldozers and for controlling equipment with a capacity of over 100 hp. With.
5. The sixth - is necessary to drive more powerful vehicles over 200 hp. With.

To get a higher level, you need to pass well not only the practical section, but also the theoretical part.

Citizens wishing to replace the old rights with the rights of a new type must pay a state duty in the amount of 400 rubles. (mandatory for everyone) and contact the Gostekhnadzor authorities.

Examination tickets of a tractor driver-machinist of category A

There are 45 tickets in this section, each of them contains 5 questions that relate to the conditions and rules for operating off-road vehicles such as snowmobiles, ATVs, etc. The exam can be taken by citizens who have reached the age of 16.

Category B tractor driver tickets

The number of tickets is also 45 pieces, but there are already 8 questions in them. this species rights must be consulted technical properties transport, terms of use, it is also necessary to familiarize yourself with the rules for providing medical care. Upon reaching the age of 17, you can apply for these rights.

Category C tractor driver tickets

The examination manual includes 45 tickets with 8 questions each, which contain the operating conditions and safety rules for using machines, etc. Persons who have reached the age of 17 are allowed to take the exam.

Examination tickets of a tractor driver-machinist of category D

The exam taker will also be offered a total of 45 tickets, each consisting of eight questions. Contain rules for the safe operation of self-propelled vehicles such as excavators, loaders, etc. Applicant must be at least 18 years of age.

Category E tractor driver tickets

This section also contains 45 tickets with eight questions on the operation of tracked vehicles. Applicants must be at least 17 years of age to apply.

Examination tickets for a tractor driver-machinist of category F

The section contains 15 tickets, ten questions each, which include terms and conditions technical operation large self-propelled machines designed for agricultural work.

Conclusion

Obtaining the rights of a tractor driver is necessary requirement, in order to be able to drive tracked, wheeled off-road vehicles.

Tickets are drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for admission to the management of the CM and the issuance of tractor driver's certificates", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 796. The process of obtaining rights for this category of transport is the same as for other vehicles.