Bulletproof glass- a multilayer structure consisting of several M1 glasses and several layers of a polymeric photocurable composition. Depending on the required protection class, the design can be either with or without a film. This design structure provides protection against bullets fired from different kind weapons, depending on the required protection class.

The armored glass design is transparent and provides protection according to classes B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 (bullet resistance class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) according to GOST R 51136-2008 while simultaneously transmitting light. Suitable for both internal and external glazing.

The complete set of a double-glazed window for preservation of a temperature mode is possible.

Armored glass- a guarantee of security, it was created in order to protect people and their property. That is why it is especially important that glass be excellent quality. You need to be sure that you and your property are fully protected. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth class of armored glass protection is selected based on the conditions and wishes of the customer.

Scope of bulletproof glass

• currency exchange points;
• places for issuing money at the cash desks of large organizations, enterprises;
• internal security posts in banks, jewelry stores, shooting galleries;
• operator workplaces petrol stations;
• workplaces of bank tellers working in operating rooms;
• workplaces of employees of duty units of internal affairs bodies;
• equipment of banks and cash collection machines;
• other buildings, structures and objects that need to be protected from burglary, strikes and shelling.

Double-glazed windows made of laminated armored glass, made using mirrored, tinted glass of various colors, have unique properties that not only protect the room from impacts and shelling, but also reduce heat loss in the cold season, protect against harmful effects sunshine and noise.

A mirror made of laminated glass, along with high strength characteristics and aesthetic properties, ensures its long-term and safe use in rooms with high humidity(in bathrooms and pools).

Armored laminated protective glass (bulletproof glass) is intended for use on vehicles, in administrative and residential buildings, where there is a need to protect human life and material values.

Characteristics of bulletproof glass

Characteristics bulletproof glass correspond to GOST R 51136-2008 "Protective multilayer glasses". The total light transmission of glass is at least 70%. Glass must be heat and moisture resistant, withstand a temperature of 60 ° C and a humidity of 95%. Its frost resistance is minus 40 °C.

Defensive Ability armored glass depends on its thickness. 37 mm thick glass holds PS-43 bullets of 7.62 mm caliber from AKM. According to the certificate issued by the State Standard of Russia, such glass corresponds to the third class of protection and, in addition, is able to hold bullets from PM, TT pistols, AK-74 assault rifles and fragments from RGD-5, F-1 and RG-42 hand grenades.

Armored glass has protective properties

• withstands repeated impact of a freely falling body;
• resistant to penetration;
• withstands the impact of firearms (PM, TT pistols, AKM submachine gun, SVD rifle) and prevents through penetration of the damaging element.

Technologies for the production of armored glass

For the manufacture of bulletproof glass, flat or curved polished blanks with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm are used. In order to increase strength, they are glued together in a certain combination. Polyvinyl butyral film is used as fastening materials. Then a layer is glued to the inner surface of the glass, which protects against damage by secondary glass fragments. In this way, not only extremely strong, but also shatterproof glass is obtained.

Protective film in armored glass

The protective film has a very high transverse tensile strength. When applied to glass, it gives it the same properties: it greatly weakens deformations transverse to the glass surface, including microvibrations. If even a small transverse deflection occurs, the viscous polymer film quickly returns the glass (providing elastic deformation) to its normal position. Of course, a sufficiently strong impact can deflect the glass with the film from its undeformed position by the distance necessary for the fragile glass to still break. But at the same time, it remains in place, glued to the protective film.

Properties of the protective film of bulletproof glass

• strengthening glass - glass does not break when not too strong blows (when hit by a soft body, foot, stone or bottle);
• shatterproof - the film prevents splinters from entering the room even when the glass does break (therefore, the protective film is applied to armored windows from the back side);
• penetration protection - maintaining the integrity of the window (even after breaking) prevents an intruder from entering the room, providing protection similar to gratings;
• the possibility of listening is almost completely excluded by removing sound vibrations from the glass with special equipment;
• soundproofing properties (sound enters the room through the window due to mechanical vibrations of the glass, retransmitting street noise);
• well absorbs ultraviolet, keeping the interior from fading and providing protection from one type of heat transfer. As a result, the thermal insulation of the room increases from external environment and as a result, the cost of heating the premises in winter and cooling in summer is reduced;
• with similar protective qualities, glasses with protective film can be knocked out from the inside of the room.

Requirements for installing bulletproof glazing

Protective panels must have a stability class not lower than the stability class of the protective glazing used. For class B1 (P1), the panels must be made of sheet steel with a thickness of at least 6 mm. For class B3 (P3) - from sheets of armored alloy with a thickness of at least 4.57 mm.

Trays for transferring money or documents, openings for negotiating must be designed to prevent the penetration of a bullet into the protected area when fired from outside.

Vertical supports must be securely fixed at ceiling and floor level. Horizontal structural members must be securely fastened at each joint and, if possible, fastened to the walls.

Doors to the protected area should provide the same level of protection as the bulletproof glazing used. In addition, they must open outward and be equipped with a self-locking lock.

Any window in the protected area must be protected bulletproof glazing the same class as that installed indoors.

Test methods for bulletproof glass

The essence of this method is to determine the resistance of laminated glass to the effects of certain types of firearms. The tests are carried out on three samples of laminated glass measuring 500×500 mm. Draw an equilateral triangle at the center of the test specimen with sides 120 mm long. Three shots are fired at the vertices of this triangle. Glass is considered to have passed the test in the absence of through penetration.

Test requirements for bulletproof glass

• the test sample is installed in a rigid frame with clamping devices;
• the rigid frame should not move under the impact of bullets;
• the test sample must be installed perpendicular to the direction of movement of the bullet;
• all four edges of the glass must be evenly clamped, the width of the clamp must be (30 ± 5) mm, while the target area must be at least 440 × 440 mm;
• clamping forces must prevent displacement of the sample during the test, while no stress should occur that affects the result.

Behind the test sample, a fragment storage box is installed, which is a chamber that serves to collect glass fragments separated from the rear surface of the test sample and a bullet that has passed through the test sample.

The bullet speed measuring device is electronic system, which measures the time of flight of a bullet between two sensors - targets located at a fixed distance of 300500 mm along the trajectory of the bullet. When a bullet passes through the first target sensor, a pulse is generated, which turns on a frequency meter that counts the number of pulses generated by the high-frequency generator of the device. When the bullet passes through the second target sensor, the pulse is stopped. The speed of a bullet is determined by calculation. The bullet velocity is measured at a distance of not more than 2.5 m in front of the test specimen. The measurement error should not exceed 1.0 m/s.

When a bullet hits an obstacle, the bullet and the protection material itself are damaged: the huge kinetic energy of the bullet's movement is extinguished due to the deformation of the material being compressed and torn by it (inelastic deformation). Most bullets (for submachine guns or rifles) contain a very strong, heavy steel core that, after flattening the shell, penetrates deep into the material.

For the purity of the test, a sheet of thin metal foil is placed behind the test sample, by damage to which the test results can be determined. The protection class depends not only on the means of destruction, but also on the selected cartridge and bullet.

Testing bulletproof glass

• weapons and ammunition are selected according to the protection class for which the laminated glass is to be tested;
• before testing, several preliminary shots are fired to determine whether the actual impact speed is acceptable;
• the sample is installed in the frame with the attacked side to the weapon;
• three shots are fired at the test sample in accordance with the test conditions. The impact speed and the distance between the centers of three impacts are determined with an accuracy of 1 mm;
• inspect the test sample for the presence of through holes;
• check for the presence of glass fragments and fragments that have separated from the rear surface of the test sample in the box - the fragment accumulator;
• the nature of the lesion is controlled after each shot according to the state of the control screen and the back of the sample;
• lumbago is considered through penetration of the sample by a bullet or its fragment;
• glass is considered to have passed the test if there is no penetration of the control screen by a bullet or glass fragments.

Bulletproof glass classification according to bullet resistance

Glass protection class	Weapon Type	Name and index of cartridge	bullet core type	Bullet weight, g	Bullet speed, m/s	firing distance
B1 - First class of protection	Makarov pistol (PM)	9 mm pistol cartridge 57-N-181 7.62 mm	Steel	5,9	315±10	5
B2 - Second class of protection	Tokarev pistol (TT)	pistol cartridge 57-N-132S or 57-N-134S	Steel	5,5	420±10	5
B3 - Third class of protection	AK-74 assault rifle	5.45 mm cartridge with 7N10 bullet	Steel heat-strengthened	3,5	880±10	5-10
B4 - Fourth class of protection	AKM assault rifle	7.62 mm cartridge with bullet 57-N-231	Steel heat-strengthened	7,9	715±10	5-10
B5 - Fifth class of protection	Sniper rifle (SVD)	7.62 mm cartridge ST-2M	Steel heat-strengthened	9,6	825±10	5-10
B6 - Sixth class of protection	Sniper rifle (SVD)	7.62 mm cartridge BZ-32	Steel	10,4	820±10	5-10

Video about armored glass

Video by bulletproof glass filmed by order of the program "How it works".

A long time ago armored glass has become an integral element of protecting the house, shop windows, cars from intruders or from an armed attack. Such a structural element is very often called transparent armor. Armored glasses have found wide application in the life of an ordinary person, and in power and security structures. Their meaning in modern world cannot be underestimated.

Armored window design

Armored glasses are translucent products that protect people and material property, valuables from theft, damage, damage, and also protect against penetration into the room from the outside through the window opening. These products include two elements:

1. Armored glass. It consists of several layers of transparent glasses, which are glued together with a polymeric material that hardens under the sun's rays. The thicker the product, the higher the level of protection.
2. Frame. It is made of aluminum or steel profile, very rarely of wood. To give the system protective properties, it is reinforced with heat-strengthened steel plates. Such overlays should reliably overlap the joint of the frame and glass.

Mass of finished armored structures can be more than 350 kg per square meter. This is ten times more than the weight of a conventional double-glazed window. To compensate for the mass, they are equipped with electric drives.

Types of armored glass

Armored glass is classified according to its ability to resist a certain type of destructive impact.

According to this criterion, all structures can be divided into several groups:

1. Windows with anti-vandal protection.
2. Break-resistant products.
3. Designs that protect against firearms.

Cars are taken out in a separate group protective structures because they have special requirements. armored glass and requirements for their manufacture are defined by GOST 51136-97 and GOST 51136-2008. Each type of transparent protection is installed for protection in specific conditions.

Anti-vandal glass

Anti-vandal windows protect people from splinters when intruders try to break it. They are a multi-layer double-glazed window with an air chamber, where a special one is glued onto the glass. The film, in turn, is made of thick plastic. The fragments "stick" to it, so that they do not scatter in different directions.

Such structures are used most often in commercial facilities and in the private sector to protect both windows and doors, as well as exhibition windows. According to GOST, they are divided into three classes - from A1 to A3, each of which is resistant to impact of a certain force.

burglary-resistant glass

Burglary-resistant armored glass differs from the vandal-resistant variety only in resistance to destructive effects. Such a product provides protection against repeated blows with a sledgehammer or hammer, and is able to withstand a ram by a car. Most often, such structures are used to protect banking institutions, shops, establishments with big turnover Money, as well as racks for storing narcotic drugs.

According to domestic standards, depending on how many blows the burglar-resistant glass can withstand, it is assigned a protection class from B1 to B3. How large quantity impacts with a blunt or sharp object withstands the design, the higher the class.

Bulletproof glass

Bulletproof glass provides protection against through penetration by bullets or their fragments. They are reinforced multilayer structures fastened with a special polymer material. Similar structures are installed at facilities where the risk of an armed attack is high: in departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, at security posts, checkpoints and other similar places.

Bulletproof glasses are divided into protection classes from B1 to B6a. Structural tests are carried out various types firearms - from a Makarov pistol and a Kalashnikov assault rifle to a Dragunov sniper rifle. During the tests, bullets of various weights and with a steel, heat-strengthened or special core are used.

Armored glass for a car

Reinforced side rear and windshields are installed in the car. Their main hallmark is the service life. If a standard armored window can serve for several decades, then products for a car serve no more than 5-6 years. This is due to the nature of the loads that glasses are subjected to daily.

Such translucent armored elements are a multilayer double-glazed window, which is additionally reinforced with a shockproof film. Some of them, in addition to protection from flying fragments, protect against ultraviolet radiation. Often windshields are covered with a thicker film than side and rear ones.

Hide

Armored windows are widely used in various fields: they can be found in banks, residential buildings, shops, cars. The design is a thick glass made of triplex and polycarbonate. The layers are superimposed on each other and glued together in a special way, due to which a thick, heavy, but very strong structure is obtained.

Product varieties

Armored glass is similar in properties to tempered glass. Read what is the advantage of this type of glass.

Using an armored window

Not so long ago, armored windows were used exclusively in places associated with material or historical values, such as museums and banks, but later armored windows became more affordable, and it became possible to meet them in ordinary private houses, and not necessarily government officials.

Modern windows have become much more technologically advanced, more affordable and more functional. They can be installed instead of . Armored windows for the home are superior to standard double-glazed windows not only in terms of strength, but also in all other indicators, such as protection from cold and noise.

armored windows

What should be considered when buying an armored window?

Before you buy armored windows in an apartment, you need to determine what you need it for. You may not be able to get by with the cheapest option that can withstand the impact of a stone, or you may not have to pay extra since you do not need a bulletproof window.

Product functions may be as follows:

• Protection against stone ingress, accidental mechanical damage.
• Security from criminal encroachments, attempts to purposefully break a window.
• Protection against shots from firearms.

The difference between the designs lies not only in strength and cost, but also in functionality.

Possible options when choosing a window

Reservation of double-glazed windows with a film makes them more durable, triplex glass does not spill out when broken, since all the fragments remain on the film. Such a strong desire can be broken, but it will take a vandal quite a lot of time. Bullying teenagers can not be afraid. Glass can prevent a thief from getting into the house, it will last much longer than usual, but it will not provide protection from a bullet.

Armored plastic windows for the home - this is most often the usual triplex, fastening several thin glasses. It makes the window stronger and safer, but such a product cannot be fully called armor. A double-glazed window of such a plan is suitable for standard plastic frames and is inexpensive.

Types and designs of frames

Bulletproof double-glazed window - enough expensive pleasure, however, it can be different options, from one relatively thin glass to a thick complex. It is worth noting that the double-glazed window of the low class may freeze and cause condensation. Thicker double-glazed windows will cope with a shot from a more powerful weapon and hold heat better, but they will weigh quite a lot. The higher the class of double-glazed windows, the stronger it is. To make it clear, a class 5 product can withstand a shot from a 7.62 caliber.

Armored windows in the house can be of different designs and meet different requirements and standards, which affects their thickness and price. Such windows are quite affordable to a wide range of buyers.

The process of coating the glass of a car from the inside with a thick film that provides protection and strength is called glass armoring. This coating withstands the impact of a hammer, bats and other heavy objects. The booking system itself came from a business. The earliest films were invented for industrial buildings And commercial premises where protection from robbers and vandals is needed. In this article, you will learn how to apply such a film yourself, what advantages and disadvantages this system has, and how effective it is.

Film varieties

There are different armored films designed for:

• Autoglass. Thickness from 250 to 310 microns. Free sale. Glued on the principle of tinting. It will take 1 month for complete drying. After that, the film withstands blows with a stone, a hammer, a bat. It saves the car and its passengers both from stones that can fly off on the highway, and he also robs.
• office buildings. Thickness, as well as at a film for an auto glasses. Suitable for offices, shop windows, workshops, large shopping centers. Rolls of material are much larger in width than for auto glass.
• especially important objects. Thickness is about 550 microns. This is necessary for especially important facilities in any state in order to protect themselves from possible terrorists. Such glass is absolutely impossible to break and penetrate into the room.
• Bulletproof for auto glass. Withstands shooting not from any firearm. The standard film is bulletproof, capable of withstanding .38 caliber bullets from a pistol. The thickness of the glass must be at least 12 mm, as well as multi-layered, exactly as Windshield auto. Automata, this reservation will not be able to withstand.

Whatever the booking film, it is difficult to give a 100% guarantee of strength. The name "bulletproof" is conditional. Studies have shown that this glass will not break through if they shoot from a pistol of the specified caliber and into different parts of the glass. In the event that bullets of the required caliber hit the same place, the glass will be pierced through and not a single film can save it.

Pros and cons of booking a windshield with a film

Often, car enthusiasts believe that car tinting and booking are related to each other. In addition, there is an opinion that such a windshield coating will impair visibility and interfere with driving. All this is completely wrong. The main features and advantages of such a film:

• Quality visibility;
• Does not mix with tinting;
• Perfectly tolerates auto chemicals;
• A thick film covers the windshield, a thin film covers everything else;
• Coating with polarized film - reducing glare;
• Uniform distribution of impact;
• Protection against petty vandalism.

It is also worth remembering about the headlights, which also need protection from foreign objects.

Before you go to the service station, it is important to know the disadvantages of film booking:

• When driving or parking, dust settles on the surface of the windshield. When the car owner turns on the wipers, the film is applied significant damage in the form of scratches. To reduce damage, avoid heavy dusting and wipe the windshield more often.
• Bubbles can appear anywhere. If they appear in front of the driver's eyes, they will usually be very annoying and reduce the quality of visibility. In addition, suffering appearance car.

The price of booking car windows with a tint film starts around 3,500 rubles.

DIY booking

Glass armor is usually used by motorists who have become victims of broken glass for any reason: someone because of the stones that often fly off the wheels, and someone because of a robbery.

The appearance of the film is similar to tinted with the most maximum level transparency. You can buy it in auto stores or through online stores. The procedure for applying the film is as follows.

1. You need to remove the side windows. It is necessary to follow everything according to the instructions based on the make and model of your machine. You should carefully get to the latches and remove the glass, before that, do not forget to unscrew the door cards.

2. Removal of dirt and grease. Important point- this is the degreasing of each glass completely. To do this, lay the glass on a pre-cleaned flat surface. Be careful with abrasive particles that can scratch the glass. Next, clean the inside side glass where the booking film will be applied. To clear you can use detergent special for glasses and a lint-free cloth. It is important to understand here that any dust or lint, if it suddenly remains on the surface of the glass, will not remain under the film at all, and the view of the glass from the inside of the cabin will be far from aesthetic.

3. Preparation. The film itself consists of an adhesive layer and a protective colorless substrate. First you need to measure the glass and cut off the required amount of film with a margin.

4. Now apply to clean inside glass. The film must be positioned so that the substrate is at the bottom. Using masking tape, you can perfectly fix the film on the glass. Make sure that there is at least 1 cm of film peeking out from all sides.

5. Preparation special means to remove the adhesive part from the film. For cooking, you need to take plain water and liquid soap. The proportion is 20% soap and 80% water. Shampoo should be used with minimal fragrances and additives. Otherwise, these additives will most likely enter into a chemical reaction with the adhesive layer, which will turn out to be unknown. The resulting solution must be filled with a garden sprayer

6. We glue the film and smooth it. Carefully remove the protective backing, keeping the foam only where the edges will not come into contact with the glass. Pour the prepared solution over the surface of the glass and the adhesive layer of the film. Now you should attach the armored film with the sticky side to the inside of the side window. The first film will ride on the surface, this is necessary to smooth out the bumps with a special mini-spatula (it can be changed to bank card). With simple movements from the center to the edges it is necessary to expel all air bubbles. If this is not done, then bubbles will form, which will no longer be possible to remove.

7. Drying with building hair dryer. After straightening the entire film, it must be thoroughly dried with a hairdryer. It has a high air t and a thinner jet. The hot film will be able to stretch over the surface. Then take a break for an hour so that the film has time to cool.

8. Removing excess. Initially, at least 1 cm extra was left in order for the film to be enough. Now that she has sat down well and cooled down, you can cut extra details with a utility knife. It is best to hold the knife at an angle of 45 degrees. It is also desirable to hold the film with a spatula.

Final drying lasts far from one day. The most high degree protection will appear in a month. Based on experiments, it is possible to break through glass with only 4-5 hits in one place with a heavy object.

Reservation of car windows with film (video)

Outcome

Thus, armoring car windows with a film very well protects not only from foreign objects flying from under the wheels, but also from possible robbers and vandals. But, as a rule, car owners begin to think about it only when something like this happens and the glass is damaged.

In the matter of organizing security, whether it is a special car or a cash desk in a bank, special bulletproof glass plays an important role. After all, people's lives sometimes depend on its resistance to aggressive influences, including firearms. But not all glass, being protective, can be called bulletproof.

not to attract too much attention to such glasses and not to focus the attention of others on its increased strength, the appearance of protective glasses should not differ from ordinary ones. It should demonstrate its exceptional properties only in the case of a direct impact on it: not allowing the bullet fired from the weapon to pierce it through.

CREATION OF PROTECTIVE GLASSES

The idea of ​​creating protective glass with ultra-strong properties was born in the head of the Frenchman Edouard Benedictus back in 1910 of the last century. During the experiments, he placed different numbers of sheets of special cellulose film between two ordinary panes of glass. This greatly added strength to the multilayer structure. He called his product Triplex, and his method of producing bulletproof glass is now called lamination.

Despite the fact that the French inventor made his first designs of resistant glasses mainly by hand, today it is difficult to imagine the production technology without the use of modern high-precision equipment and complex polymeric materials.

TYPES OF PROTECTIVE GLASSES

Depending on the purpose, protective glasses are made in various thicknesses, from seven millimeters to seventy-five. In fact, the thickness of the finished product determines its strength class. A typical technology for the manufacture of such products is the use of ordinary sheet glasses, between which layers of liquid polycarbonate are poured - a durable type of plastic. A bullet fired into such glass, gradually, layer by layer, passing through numerous layers, simply loses its energy and, ultimately, stops.

There are also some modifications of protective glasses. So, for example, in some special vehicles One-sided protective glass is widely used. A special polymer is integrated into it, thanks to which the design withstands aggressive impact only from one side, from the outside. This allows people who are attacked from the street to fire back with their weapons without getting out of the car. At the same time, modern equipment easily allows the glass to take the desired shape and bends, for installation in a regular car opening.

The production of laminated protective glasses is very expensive and complex in terms of manufacturing technology. Similar products with a quality mark are made on a high-precision modern equipment using CNC machines.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that glasses that are ideal in their strength simply do not exist. Each class of glass is guaranteed to save only from a certain threshold of exposure. And in any case, there is a preventive force that can destroy even the highest quality and most resistant bulletproof glass.