acrylic products

The first impact-resistant glass, the prototype of modern transparent armor, was invented in 1910 - the French scientist Edouard Benedictus installed a layer of celluloid film between two glass sheets and called his invention "triplex". A product made from such a material showed a much greater impact strength compared to a single layer material.

Over time, mankind came to understand that it is possible to significantly increase the impact strength of glass and create a material that will withstand not only mechanical shocks, but also the impact of firearm bullets. In the 30s of the last century, acrylic was created - a material that revolutionized the industry. Plexiglas was used for the manufacture of bulletproof glazing in conjunction with conventional silicate glass.

The appearance of less brittle and more durable polymethyl methacrylate, or the well-known acrylic, made it possible to increase the strength of triplex many times over. For the first time such transparent armor was used in military aviation in the 30s of the last century. The cockpit was glazed with bulletproof glass, protecting the pilot from the smallest machine-gun caliber weapons of that period.

A breakthrough in this area came during the Second World War - transparent bulletproof glass was installed on all fighters, bombers and attack aircraft. During this period, deep scientific research, experiments and calculations were carried out. In the 50s of the last century, the so-called oriented organic glass was created - this discovery eventually made it possible to use plexiglass as an independent bulletproof material of the highest efficiency.<

Only with the advent of transparent acrylic armor, it became possible to manufacture bulletproof protective equipment with 100% optical transparency. Bulletproof acrylic glass is resistant to firearms and hand grenade fragments. The bullet does not penetrate the glass, but stops before reaching its target.

The material is divided into several protection classes depending on the resistance to the effects of bullets of a particular weapon. Powerful bullet-resistant acrylic glass is installed in armored vehicles, in rooms where historical and cultural values ​​are stored, in operating rooms and cash desks of banks, in trading floors of weapons and jewelry stores, in museums, art galleries and exhibition halls, in security guards' cabins, at exchange points currencies, post offices, police stations, special purpose clinics, some government agencies, as well as such material is used to make police shields and visors. The most reliable and powerful transparent armor is indispensable for the protection of armored vehicles, tanks, helicopters and armored helmets for military purposes.

Benefits of Bulletproof Acrylic Over Regular Armored Glass

At one time, acrylic competed with transparent armor made of ordinary glass. Years have passed and today bulletproof acrylic is beyond competition. The silicate analogue is significantly inferior to acrylic in many respects. The superiority of acrylic is a fact proven by serious scientific research and many years of operating experience in a wide variety of fields. In order not to be unfounded, we present objective evidence - the characteristics of Makrolon Hygard bulletproof acrylic, which put this material many steps higher compared to conventional bulletproof triplex.

High degree of transparency. It is the transparency of bulletproof glazing that sometimes acts as a decisive protective factor. Silicate triplex in terms of transparency is significantly inferior to acrylic. There is only one way to increase glass armor - an increase in the layers of triplex and, as a result, an increase in the thickness of the glass. Naturally, too thick laminated silicate glass cannot be perfectly transparent a priori. Perfectly transparent acrylic armor is the only acceptable way to provide protection from impacts, bullets and shrapnel when maintaining 100% distortion-free vision. A person, on the one hand, is reliably protected from danger, and on the other hand, he can freely observe all the events taking place around him. The ability to observe the surrounding environment allows you to quickly respond to unforeseen situations and make decisions that can save more than one life.

High aesthetic characteristics. Perfectly transparent acrylic shimmers with a glossy sheen, does not have any extraneous shades (except for special tinted glasses). When viewed from the side, bulletproof acrylic looks like ordinary glass, in contrast to the greenish silicate triplex. Acrylic bulletproof glass does not catch the eye, does not attract attention. Regardless of whether a person or a valuable object is hiding behind bullet-resistant glass, in any case, protection should not “scream” about its presence. A person or object is reliably protected, but at the same time the protection remains as invisible to prying eyes as possible. This is especially true in the manufacture of acrylic glazing for VIP cars, government agencies, banks and other facilities that are in dire need of reliable, but unobtrusive protection.

Light weight. Lightweight bulletproof acrylic can be called almost weightless compared to its glass counterpart. The weight of bulletproof acrylic is 3-5 times less compared to glass armor with their equivalent reliability. The installation of silicate armored glass requires the installation of fairly powerful supports. But to install protective plexiglass, you do not need to build bulky metal structures that will hold transparent armor. Light weight neutralizes the limitations on the dimensions of the glazing. This means that strong silicate glass structures can be replaced with lightweight acrylic counterparts. Light weight favors acrylic when choosing a material for protective shields - lightweight acrylic products allow a fighter to be more maneuverable while remaining safe.

Small thickness. When using silicate triplex to increase the protective properties, it is necessary to significantly increase the thickness of the glazing. Acrylic, on the other hand, allows you to work with much smaller thicknesses of glass. Of the two glasses having the same bullet resistance, acrylic glass will have a smaller thickness. The structure of plexiglass allows to minimize the thickness of the protective glass without loss of reliability. This advantage is especially important when booking cars, bank cash desks, museum stands.

No risk of secondary shrapnel damage. When a bullet hits, large cracks appear on the surface of silicate glass, and the possibility of separating individual sharp fragments is not ruled out. To protect against fragments, the usual triplex is covered with a special film that holds the fragments and does not allow them to scatter to the sides. But such a film does not give a 100% guarantee of protection against fragments. Acrylic in this matter is more reliable. The absence of fragments and large cracks is a property inherent in the nature of the material itself. Even the simplest plexiglass does not break into fragments, let alone bulletproof plexiglass.

Bulletproof acrylic is a progressive material that provides maximum durability while maintaining excellent aesthetic performance. Of course, a high-quality bulletproof material a priori cannot be cheap. But in favor of such glazing, people who value safety, know what real protection should be, and will never exchange top-class protection for a cheap analogue of the past century for the sake of economy. Cheaper bulletproof silicate glass is a relic of the past, which is now used less and more often does not live up to the expectations placed on it. Security does not tolerate economy, because the lack of security sometimes costs too much ...

Creation date: 01 SEP 2015 Author "Acrylshik"

Implemented works

Desiccator repair

Performance of work on the repair of the body of the laboratory desiccator made of Plexiglas

Forming acrylic panels

Forming Acrylic Sheets for Bubble Panels

Transparent picture frames

Making transparent frames for photos

It is easy to imagine the front line, even in the conditions of the modern "civilized" world. There are a lot of dangerous zones where you have to dodge bullets in this world. In such conditions, special assistance is required, which modern technologies are ready to offer. However, not only the sniper's bullet may require protection, but also in other cases when the need to dissipate the energy of movement becomes relevant. In any case, the idea of ​​bulletproof glass seems like a good fit. Therefore, let's consider (just in case "fireman") what constitutes bulletproof, how other moments are produced.

Everyone once had to catch a ball flying fast in the air. The trick to this simple way of dissipating energy is when the hand moves along the motion vector of the flying object, gently stopping the flying ball.

This reduces the strength of the obstacle (arm). As a result, hitting the ball is perceived completely painless. In scientific terms, the force of the ball acting on the palm of the hand is equal to the moment of speed of movement.

The passage of a bullet through ordinary glass is inevitably accompanied by the destruction of the latter. Moreover, the bullet does not lose any energy of movement in this case of resistance

However, unlike the palm of the hand, a piece of glass does not have the properties of synchronous movement. If a piece is fired from a firearm, it becomes obvious that this object is not able to bend and absorb energy.

As a result, the glass simply collapses, and the bullet overcomes the obstacle with virtually no loss of momentum. This is why ordinary glass is not capable of protecting against bullets, and in such cases, a bulletproof design is required that is more effective in terms of absorbing motion energy.

How bulletproof glass works

Ordinary and bulletproof glass are two completely different things. In any case, one design differs radically from the other. Meanwhile, bulletproof glass is not a completely bulletproof structure. Restrictions, of course, exist, as there are firearms with different recoil strengths.

This is what the structure of reinforced glass looks like, which is already difficult to destroy with bullets of a sufficiently large caliber fired from high-powered firearms

Bulletproof glass is made up of several layers of durable transparent material with "interlayers" made on the basis of various types of plastics. Some designs of bulletproof glass contain a final inner layer made of polycarbonate (a hard type of plastic) or plastic film.

This layer prevents the "splint" effect (when pieces of glass or plastic break off when hit by a bullet). Such a "sandwich" of layers is called a laminate. A kind of bulletproof laminate is an order of magnitude thicker than ordinary glass, but at the same time it has a relatively small weight.

Energy absorbing design property

When a bullet hits bulletproof glass, it impacts the existing layers. Since the energy is distributed between the various layers of bulletproof glass and plastic interlayers, the spread of force occurs over a large area, which is accompanied by a rapid absorption of energy.

Effect on bulletproof glass of the simplest configuration, obtained from the impact of a bullet fired from a pistol at close range. As you can see in the picture, the structure was damaged, but did not collapse and did not miss the bullet.

The movement of the bullet is slowed down to such a level of energy that the forces to overcome the obstacle are completely lost and are not able to cause significant damage. Bulletproof glass panels are, of course, damaged, but the plastic layers do not allow the panels to break into small fragments. Therefore, bulletproof glass should be considered rather as an energy-absorbing object in order to clearly understand the operation of this protective device.

How is bulletproof glass made?

The traditional execution of bulletproof glass, as already noted, is represented by alternating glass panels (3–10 mm thick) and plastic. In this case, the plastic is present in the form of a thin film (thickness 1-3 mm) made on the basis of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Modern durable types of bulletproof glass represent a similar kind of "sandwich", containing:

• acrylic glass,
• ionoplastic polymer (for example, SentryGlas),
• ethylene vinyl acetate or polycarbonate.

At the same time, thick layers of glass and plastic are separated by thinner films of various plastic materials, such as polyvinyl butyrol or polyurethane.

The structure of a three-layer structure from a number of first products: 1, 2 - ordinary glass; 3 - polyvinyl acetate resin mixed with polycarbonate glycol plasticizer

To make a simple PVB-based bulletproof glass, a thin film of PVB is sandwiched between thicker glass to form a laminate. The formed laminate is heated and compressed until the plastic begins to melt, making it with a glass panel.

Typically, this process is done under vacuum to prevent air from getting in between the layers. The penetration of air into the layer contributes to the weakening of the laminate structure, affects the optical properties (distorts the transmitted light).

The device is then placed in an autoclave and brought to full readiness under conditions of higher temperature (150°C) and pressure (13-15 ATI). The main difficulty of this process is to ensure proper adhesion of the plastic and glass layers. It is necessary to remove air from the space between the layers, to exclude possible deformation of the plastic from overheating and overpressure.

Where is bulletproof glass used?

The product is manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes to provide different levels of protection for emergency situations. Most often, the use of bulletproof glass is seen as a characteristic phenomenon in the banking sector.

Cash rooms are usually equipped with bulletproof ones, and bulletproof boxes for the exchange of documents and money are also used.

Protection of bank cash desks with a multilayer glass structure provides an increased level of security. This is one of those areas where bulletproof structures are used quite often.

The quality of protection depends on the thickness of the product. The thicker the glass (the more layers), the better the absorption of energy is provided, respectively, the level of protection increases. The base bulletproof glass has a thickness of 30-40 mm, but if necessary, this parameter can be doubled.

The only problem is that increasing the thickness of the bulletproof glass inevitably leads to an increase in weight. Perhaps this is a minor problem for equipping a bank's cash desk, but becomes a significant problem, for example, in the case of the production of bulletproof glazing.

Increasing the thickness of the bulletproof glass also reduces the transparency factor as the light is "dimmed" by the additional layers of construction. Sometimes this design creates additional difficulties, for example, in a car, when bulletproof glass impairs the driver's visibility.

Bulletproof glass- a multilayer structure consisting of several M1 glasses and several layers of a polymeric photocurable composition. Depending on the required protection class, the design can be either with or without a film. This design structure provides protection against bullets fired from different types of weapons, depending on the required protection class.

The armored glass design is transparent and provides protection according to classes B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 (bullet resistance class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) according to GOST R 51136-2008 while simultaneously transmitting light. Suitable for both internal and external glazing.

The complete set of a double-glazed window for preservation of a temperature mode is possible.

Armored glass- a guarantee of security, it was created in order to protect people and their property. That is why it is especially important that the glass is of excellent quality. You need to be sure that you and your property are fully protected. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth class of armored glass protection is selected based on the conditions and wishes of the customer.

Scope of bulletproof glass

• currency exchange points;
• places for issuing money at the cash desks of large organizations, enterprises;
• internal security posts in banks, jewelry stores, shooting galleries;
• workplaces of petrol station operators;
• workplaces of bank tellers working in operating rooms;
• workplaces of employees of duty units of internal affairs bodies;
• equipment of banks and cash collection machines;
• other buildings, structures and objects that need to be protected from burglary, strikes and shelling.

Double-glazed windows made of laminated armored glass, made using mirrored, tinted glass of various colors, have unique properties that not only protect the room from impacts and shelling, but also reduce heat loss in the cold season, protect against the harmful effects of sunlight and noise.

A mirror made of laminated glass, along with high strength characteristics and aesthetic properties, ensures its long-term and safe use in rooms with high humidity (in bathrooms and swimming pools).

Armored laminated protective glass (bulletproof glass) is intended for use on vehicles, in administrative and residential buildings, where there is a need to protect human life and material values.

Characteristics of bulletproof glass

Characteristics bulletproof glass correspond to GOST R 51136-2008 "Protective multilayer glasses". The total light transmission of glass is at least 70%. Glass must be heat and moisture resistant, withstand a temperature of 60 ° C and a humidity of 95%. Its frost resistance is minus 40 °C.

Defensive Ability bulletproof glass depends on its thickness. 37 mm thick glass holds PS-43 bullets of 7.62 mm caliber from AKM. According to the certificate issued by the State Standard of Russia, such glass corresponds to the third class of protection and, in addition, is able to hold bullets from PM, TT pistols, AK-74 assault rifles and fragments from RGD-5, F-1 and RG-42 hand grenades.

Armored glass has protective properties

• withstands repeated impact of a freely falling body;
• resistant to penetration;
• withstands the impact of firearms (PM, TT pistols, AKM submachine gun, SVD rifle) and prevents through penetration of the damaging element.

Technologies for the production of armored glass

For the manufacture of bulletproof glass, flat or curved polished blanks with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm are used. In order to increase strength, they are glued together in a certain combination. Polyvinyl butyral film is used as fastening materials. Then a layer is glued to the inner surface of the glass, which protects against damage by secondary glass fragments. In this way, not only extremely strong, but also shatterproof glass is obtained.

Protective film in armored glass

The protective film has a very high transverse tensile strength. When applied to glass, it gives it the same properties: it greatly weakens deformations transverse to the glass surface, including microvibrations. If even a small transverse deflection occurs, the viscous polymer film quickly returns the glass (providing elastic deformation) to its normal position. Of course, a sufficiently strong impact can deflect the glass with the film from its undeformed position by the distance necessary for the fragile glass to still break. But at the same time, it remains in place, glued to the protective film.

Properties of the protective film of bulletproof glass

• strengthening glass - glass does not break when not too strong blows (when hit by a soft body, foot, stone or bottle);
• shatterproof - the film prevents fragments from entering the room even when the glass does break (therefore, the protective film is applied to the armored windows from the back);
• penetration protection - maintaining the integrity of the window (even after breaking) prevents an intruder from entering the room, providing protection similar to gratings;
• the possibility of listening is almost completely excluded by removing sound vibrations from the glass with special equipment;
• soundproofing properties (sound enters the room through the window due to mechanical vibrations of the glass, retransmitting street noise);
• well absorbs ultraviolet, keeping the interior from fading and providing protection from one type of heat transfer. As a result, the thermal isolation of the premises from the external environment increases and, as a result, the costs of heating the premises in winter and cooling in summer are reduced;
• with similar protective qualities, glass with a protective film can be knocked out from the inside of the room.

Requirements for installing bulletproof glazing

Protective panels must have a stability class not lower than the stability class of the protective glazing used. For class B1 (P1), the panels must be made of sheet steel with a thickness of at least 6 mm. For class B3 (P3) - from sheets of armored alloy with a thickness of at least 4.57 mm.

Trays for transferring money or documents, openings for negotiating must be designed to prevent the penetration of a bullet into the protected area when fired from outside.

Vertical supports must be securely fixed at ceiling and floor level. Horizontal structural members must be securely fastened at each joint and, if possible, fastened to the walls.

Doors to the protected area should provide the same level of protection as the bulletproof glazing used. In addition, they must open outward and be equipped with a self-locking lock.

Any window in the protected area must be protected by bulletproof glazing of the same class as that installed inside the premises.

Test methods for bulletproof glass

The essence of this method is to determine the resistance of laminated glass to the effects of certain types of firearms. The tests are carried out on three samples of laminated glass measuring 500×500 mm. Draw an equilateral triangle at the center of the test specimen with sides 120 mm long. Three shots are fired at the vertices of this triangle. Glass is considered to have passed the test in the absence of through penetration.

Test requirements for bulletproof glass

• the test sample is installed in a rigid frame with clamping devices;
• the rigid frame should not move under the impact of bullets;
• the test sample must be installed perpendicular to the direction of movement of the bullet;
• all four edges of the glass must be evenly clamped, the width of the clamp must be (30 ± 5) mm, while the target area must be at least 440 × 440 mm;
• clamping forces must prevent displacement of the sample during the test, while no stress should occur that affects the result.

Behind the test sample, a fragment storage box is installed, which is a chamber that serves to collect glass fragments separated from the rear surface of the test sample and a bullet that has passed through the test sample.

The bullet velocity measurement device is an electronic system that measures the time of flight of a bullet between two sensors - targets located at a fixed distance of 300500 mm along the bullet's flight path. When a bullet passes through the first target sensor, a pulse is generated, which turns on a frequency meter that counts the number of pulses generated by the high-frequency generator of the device. When the bullet passes through the second target sensor, the pulse is stopped. The speed of a bullet is determined by calculation. The bullet velocity is measured at a distance of not more than 2.5 m in front of the test specimen. The measurement error should not exceed 1.0 m/s.

When a bullet hits an obstacle, the bullet and the protection material itself are damaged: the huge kinetic energy of the bullet's movement is extinguished due to the deformation of the material being compressed and torn by it (inelastic deformation). Most bullets (for submachine guns or rifles) contain a very strong, heavy steel core that, after flattening the shell, penetrates deep into the material.

For the purity of the test, a sheet of thin metal foil is placed behind the test sample, by damage to which the test results can be determined. The protection class depends not only on the means of destruction, but also on the selected cartridge and bullet.

Testing bulletproof glass

• weapons and ammunition are selected according to the protection class for which the laminated glass is to be tested;
• before testing, several preliminary shots are fired to determine whether the actual impact speed is acceptable;
• the sample is installed in the frame with the attacked side to the weapon;
• three shots are fired at the test sample in accordance with the test conditions. The impact speed and the distance between the centers of three impacts are determined with an accuracy of 1 mm;
• inspect the test sample for the presence of through holes;
• check for the presence of glass fragments and fragments that have separated from the rear surface of the test sample in the box - the fragment accumulator;
• the nature of the lesion is controlled after each shot according to the state of the control screen and the back of the sample;
• lumbago is considered through penetration of the sample by a bullet or its fragment;
• glass is considered to have passed the test if there is no penetration of the control screen by a bullet or glass fragments.

Bulletproof glass classification according to bullet resistance

Glass protection class	Weapon Type	Name and index of cartridge	bullet core type	Bullet weight, g	Bullet speed, m/s	firing distance
B1 - First class of protection	Makarov pistol (PM)	9 mm pistol cartridge 57-N-181 7.62 mm	Steel	5,9	315±10	5
B2 - Second class of protection	Tokarev pistol (TT)	pistol cartridge 57-N-132S or 57-N-134S	Steel	5,5	420±10	5
B3 - Third class of protection	AK-74 assault rifle	5.45 mm cartridge with 7N10 bullet	Steel heat-strengthened	3,5	880±10	5-10
B4 - Fourth class of protection	AKM assault rifle	7.62 mm cartridge with bullet 57-N-231	Steel heat-strengthened	7,9	715±10	5-10
B5 - Fifth class of protection	Sniper rifle (SVD)	7.62 mm cartridge ST-2M	Steel heat-strengthened	9,6	825±10	5-10
B6 - Sixth class of protection	Sniper rifle (SVD)	7.62 mm cartridge BZ-32	Steel	10,4	820±10	5-10

Video about armored glass

The bulletproof glass video was commissioned by the How It Works program.

7935 0 2

Armored windows or how to secure your home in the 21st century

Armored windows for the home are already beginning to cease to be something unique and inaccessible. Today's realities show that only with their installation you can gain confidence in the absolute protection of your own home. The year is 2016, and if you don't want to fall prey to today's offenders, then you need to keep up with the times and be aware of the latest security practices. I will try to give you enough information for this.

Reservations against bars

The owners of window bars can answer that, they say, they have already sufficiently taken care of the safety of their homes, and they do not need expensive window armor at all. Then I recommend paying attention to the significant disadvantages of using steel barriers, which armored glasses are deprived of:

1. The presence of vulnerabilities when trying to hack. As I mentioned above, now it is already the 21st century in the yard and attackers are armed with not only a crowbar and a set of master keys. For example, to eliminate steel bars, liquid nitrogen can be used, with which the task will be solved quickly and silently;

1. No bullet protection. The metal honeycomb construction will not stop bullets or small fragments. Is there anything that can happen on the street? Recent unfortunate events in Europe have shown that even the most prosperous areas can be at the epicenter of the situation with the use of firearms and explosives;

1. Panoramic view violation. Even beautiful forged products are not able to completely eliminate the oppressive feeling of the sky blocked by steel;

1. Reducing the level of fire safety. Deaf gratings not only do not let anyone in, but also do not let anyone out, which can play a fatal role in the event of a fire or other emergency. And even if a swing-type design with a lock is used, then, again, it will also take precious seconds, or even minutes, to search for the key.

The price of armored windows, although much higher than forged ones or bars, they are:

• Not hackable methods available to most robbers;
• Protect not only from penetration, but also from bullets and shrapnel;

• Will not affect the panoramic view in any way, as they have absolute transparency;

• Won't be an obstacle if necessary, an urgent exit through the window opening.

As you can see, the differences are very significant in order to think about the possibility of allocating sufficient funds for the purchase and installation of armored double-glazed windows.

Booking options

There are two ways:

1. Purchase and installation armored double-glazed window;
2. Booking window glass special film.

The first is undoubtedly more reliable and allows you to achieve maximum security, and the second, on the other hand, will cost less and can even be done by yourself, although the process itself is quite complicated. I'll take both:

Armored double-glazed window

To ensure the absolute impregnability of your window opening, of course, it is necessary to install a fully armored window, that is, not limited to strengthening the strength of glass alone, but also guarantee the resistance to mechanical stress of the frame itself.

Thus, we can talk about two components of the whole structure:

1. laminated glass reinforced with polyvinyl butyral film or polymer filling;

1. Multi-chamber profile frame with hardened steel inserts. At the same time, the appearance of the window is the same as that of a normal one.

When buying such a miracle of modern technology, ask how protected the joints of the frame with glass are, since they are the most vulnerable places in this design and must be covered by the "stuffing" of the profiles. Otherwise, the level of protection of the entire double-glazed window can be considered incomplete.

Previously, glasses were strengthened exclusively by pouring polymers into the gaps between them, now the use of PVB films is becoming more widespread. Why? To answer this question, it is enough to make a comparative description of some parameters of finished products:

1. Chroma:

• • With PVB, full transparency is guaranteed without the appearance of any shades for ten years;
  • When pouring polymers, yellowness may appear already in the first operational year as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation;

1. Optical distortion:

• When PVB is completely absent;
• When pouring polymers, it is possible if the substance is distributed unevenly;

1. bundle:

• When PVB is completely absent;
• When poured over time, it occurs due to a weak level of adhesion between polymers and glass;

1. Loss of protective functions:

• When PVB does not occur for at least ten years from the start of operation;
• When pouring gradually carried out;

1. Increase in thickness:

• At PVB the minimum;
• Noticeable when filling.

As a result, I concluded for myself that if I order bulletproof glass, then only those that are reinforced with polyvinyl butyral film. The cost of such double-glazed windows depends primarily on the protection class:

• 2nd class:

• 3rd class:

• 5th grade:

• Class 5a:

• 6th grade:

• Class 6a:

Reservation of glass with a film

Booking windows with film, as I noted above, is much cheaper. So, for example, if you order such a service from the appropriate company, then everything with work will cost you from 1000 rubles per square meter, which is many times cheaper than installing armored double-glazed windows. Of course, such a barrier will not save you from snipers, but it’s completely from breaking and even shrapnel.

Here is a classification showing the level of this protection method, taking into account the thickness of the glass, as well as the thickness and number of film layers:

Armored film on window panes can be installed independently. At first glance, the task does not look very difficult, but in fact it has a lot of "pitfalls", for the successful overcoming of which it is necessary to have at least some experience.

If you have any doubts about whether you can handle the armoring of glass on your own or not, then it is better to seek help from qualified specialists, or at least practice on a small window somewhere in the closet or in the garage.
Otherwise, you run the risk of simply spoiling the applied material itself, the cost of which starts from three hundred rubles per 1 m 2, and the processed double-glazed window, which will cause much more damage to your family budget than paying for hired services.

The very same instruction for booking glass, which I used, looks like this:

1. Measured glass using a tape measure. To the data obtained, I added 10 mm on each side for cutting, but if you have them without a frame, then 5 mm will be enough;

1. Performed calculations in relation to a roll, the standard width of which is 1524 mm;
2. On the big table made an accurate cut canvases;
3. Prepared a solution by adding a few drops of shampoo to half a liter of distilled water;
4. Attached the cut fragments of the film to the glass by checking the match. In case of a positive result, proceeded to further operations;
5. I applied the mixed solution to the glass and carefully cleaned it with a scraper from dirt., after which he removed the remnants of foreign particles from a smooth surface with a special wash;

1. I repeated the procedure several times, achieving absolute purity. The fact is that getting the smallest grain in the gap between the film and glass can ruin the whole work;
2. Wetted the first fragment of the coating on both sides to prevent dust from getting on the adhesive layer and removed the lavsan from it;
3. Then again applied the solution to the side with glue and attached it to the glass;
4. The outside was also treated with the prepared liquid, after which with a yellow squeegee drove all the water out from under the film;

1. Trimmed the excess edges with a sharp knife;
2. Removed leftovers;
3. I left the coating to dry. During this period, there is such a strong connection of the film with glass at the molecular level that they become one.

Depending on the thickness of the applied material, the time for its complete drying also varies:

Conclusion

Metal, wooden and even plastic armored windows will become a reliable guarantee of its safety for your home. If their cost is too high for your family budget, then you can stop at booking glasses by applying a special protective film. It will come out much cheaper and will also be able to provide quite a decent level of protection.

The video in this article contains additional information related to the topic discussed. If you have any additional questions, then ask them in the comments.

In preparing the article, material from the site roststeklo.ru was used

Bulletproof glass looks completely ordinary, but it does not break on impact, and if you shoot at it, then the bullet will not break through such glass, it will get stuck in it. It is impossible to make bulletproof glass yourself, as it is a complex industrial process, but it is very interesting to learn how it works.

Invention of bulletproof glass

The idea that it is possible to strengthen glass, making it bulletproof, came to the French scientist Edouard Benedictus in 1910. He came up with the idea of ​​placing a celluloid film between two sheets of glass, which significantly increased the strength of the resulting product. Today, this method is called "laminating" glass, and Benedictus once called it "Triplex".

The same technology is currently used, but it has since improved significantly, and various types of polymers are used instead of celluloid. Sometimes curved glass is even glued this way. Bend them before joining.

Making bulletproof glass today

Bulletproof glass comes in various thicknesses, and it depends on this whether the glass will eventually stop the bullet. The thickness of such glasses is from 7 mm to 75 mm. Today, most often for the production of bulletproof glass, several layers of ordinary glass are used, between which layers of polycarbonate are poured. Polycarbonate is a clear plastic and is quite rigid, although it is layered. When a bullet penetrates the thickness of such glass, successive layers of polycarbonate absorb its energy, and it stops.

Currently, a special modification of bulletproof glass is being made - one-sided. A special type of plastic is used, the properties of which differ depending on the direction in which it is interacted with. One side of such glass stops bullets, but if you shoot from the other side of the glass, you can hit the enemy. This allows those behind the glass to be able to respond to an attack. At the same time, the glass surface is bent without collapsing.

Glass lamination

Laminating glass (applying a plastic film to it) is a very complex process from a technical point of view. They do it on automated equipment, in several stages. The last stage takes place at high temperature, the plastic film polymerizes and acquires approximately the same properties as stationery glue. It was at this time that the glasses finally connected.

While bulletproof glass is very strong, no glass is perfectly strong. The impact strength of triplex exceeds the strength of ordinary sheet glass by about 15 times. But even if such a sheet is destroyed, the fragments will remain on the film, and will not scatter in all directions, injuring people.

For production, three-layer bulletproof glass is considered ideal. The reason is that with each new layer, not only the protective properties increase, but also the cost of glass production. Laminated glass is used in extreme cases where there is a serious threat to human life or in museums to protect very expensive exhibits.

Nothing lasts forever, and even more so such a vulnerable part of the car as the windshield. The need to replace it often arises, and the funds for this do not appear with such constancy, so a convenient way to make a windshield is useful to any motorist.

You will need

• - Plexiglas 1.5 x 1.05 meters (for eight windshields);
• - paper according to the size of the windshield;
• - pencil;
• - scissors;
• - jigsaw;
• - basin with a lid;
• - water;
• - ropes.

Instruction

Buy a piece of organic glass from a hardware market or specialty store. Choose a larger area, approximately 1.5 x 1 meter. The area of ​​such glass is enough for 8 windshields. Thus, this single cost will save you about $140 compared to ordering a new windshield for your car.

Take out your original windshield. Take paper and make a pattern that exactly matches the dimensions of the glass. Now transfer the pattern to the purchased plexiglass and cut out the desired piece. With the help of a jigsaw, this is done in 15 minutes in skilled hands.

Put water on the stove to boil in a large basin. Hold the glass by one side and dip into the basin when the water boils in it. To properly make a windshield, soak it in boiling water for a minute. Then make a deflection, as far as the purchased plexiglass will allow. Soak the bent piece in the water for 30 seconds, and then remove, controlling the safety of the deflection. If the desired camber angle is not reached, do not be discouraged, a slightly straight glass gives the impression of "tourist tuning".

Repeat these steps with the entire glass, alternately dipping different parts of the windshield into boiling water. If the water is not heated enough, barely noticeable cracks in the glass may appear. However, given the thickness of the glass and the size of the cracks, you can be sure that this defect will not be noticeable.

Pull the windshield to be made with ropes. This will allow you not to hold it, but to boil it safely in water for 5-6 minutes. For greater effect, close the basin with a lid. Correct dimensional inaccuracies due to temperature and physical force by filing the glass around the edges. Pull the elastic over the edge of the windshield. The windshield made is about 4mm thick, brand new and no scratches, no doubt will please your eye and wallet, put it in your car and enjoy the ride.

note

Make a paper pattern as accurately as possible according to the size of your native windshield, otherwise the result may be worse. If you don't heat the water enough, the glass may develop subtle cracks, which are smoothed out by the thickness of the glass.

Find a larger basin to make it as comfortable as possible to dip the glass.