HMMWV is an American-made military all-terrain vehicle used by the US Armed Forces and some other countries. The car is characterized by high cross-country ability, can be transported by air and landed. Among the civilian population, the car is more commonly known as the Hummer.
The history of the car "Hammer"
The militarized civilian trucks used by the US military until the 1970s no longer met the demands placed on them, which required the renewal of the aircraft fleet. In 1977, the Lamborghini concern released the Cheetah model, which met all the requirements of the military. In 1979, the Pentagon announced a competition for a multi-purpose highly mobile wheeled vehicle. In addition to AM General, invited in July of the same year, such automakers as Teledyne Continental and Chrysler Defense took part in the competition. Tests of the working model of the XM966 all-terrain vehicle were carried out in 1980 in the Nevada desert. Models M1025 and M1026 were created in 1980, for which more than 500 cars were produced.
A year later, each of the released models has passed about 17 thousand miles. For the final tests in April 1982, pilot batches of cars were produced. The US Army received them at full disposal for five months. As a result, the contract, designed for five years, during which 55 thousand cars were to be produced, was acquired by the AM General concern in March 1983. Wholesale price"Hammer" amounted to 22 thousand dollars. AM General plant in Indiana launched mass production machines only in January 1985.
As part of the new concept of confronting Russian motorized infantry, the 9th Infantry Division and Fort Lewis were equipped with test benches for Hummer vehicles. Virtually all HMMWV testing from 1985 to 1991 took place at the training center in Yakima, Washington, which was the main testing ground. During the American invasion of Panama, the first field test Hummer vehicles during Operation Just Cause.
Model range based on HMMWV
In the United States, the HMMWV, a model of the American military Hummer, has become a replacement for many SUVs and trucks. The customer of the car demanded to create a transport capable of moving confidently along the tank trail, in connection with which a wide track and a body of considerable dimensions were developed. Initially, the car was equipped with a V-shaped eight-cylinder gasoline engine with a volume of 5737 cm 3. Subsequently, the Chevrolet engine was replaced by an economical and more powerful Detroit Diesel. A turbocharged version of the engine was released in 1996.
Several versions of vehicles have been created on the basis of Humvee since 1980: light truck, military vehicle, mobile air defense systems and radars, ambulances, armored and engineering vehicles - over 20 modifications.
The civilian version of the Humvee, which changed its name to Hummer, was released in 1992 after the start of the Gulf War. The rights to the Hummer brand were sold to the concern General Motors in 1999. The agreement meant that GM received the rights to the brand and marketed the civilian version of the SUV, while the rights to the military Hummer remained with AM General.
US troops traveled almost all over the world on Humvees. Coalition troops used more than 10,000 vehicles of this brand during various operations in Iraq.
Combat use
Initially, the military "Hammer H1" was perceived not as a combat vehicle, but as a means of delivering infantry to the front line. The main version of the HMMWV, like its predecessors, did not have any protection against biological, nuclear or chemical weapons, as well as armor. Despite this, in standard operations like Desert Storm, casualties were minimal. Significant damage was accompanied by urban skirmishes in the battles for Mogadishu. Most of the crews remained safe and sound thanks to the survivability of the chassis of the military Hummers, despite the complete lack of protection against small arms. Since such cars were not designed for street fights, it was in such skirmishes that they began to receive the most damage.
After the hostilities in Somalia, there was an urgent need for a more secure vehicle. Concern AM General has released an armored model of the military "Hummer" М1114. In 1996, piece production of these vehicles was launched, as they began to be used in a limited way in the Balkans before being sent to the Middle East. The M1114 was upgraded to the M998 with a powerful turbocharged engine, upgraded suspension and air conditioning. The steel plates and bulletproof glass used in the design made the passenger compartment of the cabin fully armored. AM General concentrated its production capacity in the production of these particular vehicles due to the increase in direct attacks and the beginning of the guerrilla war in Iraq.
Technical characteristics of the military "Hammer"
Despite the fact that the HMMWV has significant advantages over earlier counterparts, it cannot be called an ideal armored car. In this regard, in 2007, the US Marine Corps announced that it intended to replace the military Hummer with a mine-resistant MRAP vehicle.
The first base model was the M998, equipped with a diesel power unit V8 with a volume of 6.2 liters. The second generation M998M2 was created on the M1097A2 chassis with an aluminum two- and four-seater cab and an open platform. diesel engine V8 Gm 6.2 l is mounted on a spar frame, coupled with a four-speed automatic transmission and a two-speed transfer case.
The 4L80E box installed on the Hammer has intermediate gears to reduce the load. It is still mounted on Chevrolet Suburban light trucks, as it is highly durable and reliable. The car for men is equipped with Torsen cross-axle differentials, centralized ventilation, planetary wheel reduction gears, disc brake system, independent spring suspension, radial tires, power steering, tire inflation system and winch on request.
Armor "Hammer"
After the war in Iraq, the HMMWV was heavily criticized by the military. The reviews on the Hammer indicated that it was very vulnerable to mines laid on the roads by militants. Too heavy doors turned the interior into a trap for soldiers, and any damage made the armored car an easy target.
The M998 model, after such criticism, was equipped with an "increased armor" kit. It was divided into several options and included ballistic windscreens, armored doors equipped with bulletproof glass, armor panels that provide protection against improvised explosive devices and ballistic threats.
Disadvantages of armored versions of HMMWV
One of the main disadvantages of armored SUVs "Hammer" is the desire to close the doors in case of accidents or attacks, which turns the interior of the car into a trap for soldiers.
Weapons are installed on the roof of the vehicle, controlled by a crew member, while remaining too vulnerable. This problem solved by installing a tower or shield.
The Hummer's size is another drawback that makes it very difficult to operate in certain areas. Transportation is complicated due to how much the military Hammer weighs: full mass car is 4672 kilograms.
Exterior
The civilian version of the military SUV is presented in six engineering solutions body. The lineup consists of two-seat pickups VLC2 and XLC2 with an extended cab, four-seat pickups with open and closed top - HMCO, VLCO and HMC4, respectively. The latest modification is a universal four-seater HMCS. The exterior of the car is very different from the usual vehicles: angular, large-sized, with clear and precise body lines.
Engine range
Salon "Hammer" is divided into two parts by a gearbox. The car engine is classic, with a capacity of 170 horsepower and a volume of 6.5 liters. Petrol alternative also available more power- 190 horsepower, and with a smaller volume - 5.7 liters. It, as a rule, is installed on civilian versions or cars created according to individual projects.
Transmission and drive
The Hammer is equipped with an automatic four-speed transmission and a two-speed transfer case. The SUV drive is permanent on four wheels. The car is equipped with a tire inflation system, air conditioning. The wide track, high ground clearance and low center of gravity provide stability and off-road capability.
Salon
The internal space of the military "Hammer" is strikingly different from the civilian counterpart in the Spartan environment and the availability of the necessary equipment, including holders for automatic rifles. Most of the interior is occupied by a transmission tunnel, the driver's view is limited to the left mirror, since the right one is closed by a body rack.
Controllability
Distinctive features of the Hummer SUV are sensitivity to control and maneuverability: on a dirt track, the car easily goes into a skid without a roll to the side. The heads of passengers and the driver are protected from injury by soft material, which is sheathed in the ceiling of the cabin. Powerful chassis handles landings high altitude, thanks to which the SUV can overcome significant obstacles at high speed.
Difficult sections of the route are overcome in second or first gear. The military SUV is equipped with a lowering range in the transmission and a center differential lock, which ensures the controllability and stability of the vehicle on fragile and slippery road surfaces.
All mechanisms and elements of the chassis are recessed in the body. As a result, the bottom of the car is absolutely flat, which allows it to easily overcome steep slopes. An air intake is hidden under the hood, which prevents water from entering the engine.
HMMWV Replacement
Based on the results of military operations carried out in Afghanistan and Iraq, the US Arms Command decided to replace the HMMWV SUV. The experts ruled that the car did not meet the required conditions, due to which outdated functional qualities led to large losses on the battlefield. The reason is that the fire of grenade launchers and machine guns easily penetrates through the interior of the Hammer. Initially, the car was developed as a vehicle capable of protecting the crew from fragments, but not as a vehicle designed for combat operations on the front line. The crews of the Hammers had to use homemade armor from Kevlar sheets in Afghanistan and Iraq, which did not provide sufficient protection.
The military command also demanded that military off-road vehicles be adapted to travel at night without the use of lighting equipment. The designers were given the task of equipping the new version army vehicles night vision devices and infrared lights. The driver must drive such a car at high speed without errors.
To this end, a competitive program for the development of light tactical transport was launched.
Model JLTV
The result of the competition program was the release of the JLTV model, which was supposed to replace the military Hummer, which had served more than thirty years in the US Armed Forces. The manufacturer that wins the tender will be awarded a contract worth more than twenty billion dollars, and the three companies that make it to the final will receive bonuses totaling one hundred and sixty-six million.
All the old Hummers in service with the US Army will not be written off at once: most likely, several hundred thousand HMMWV SUVs will be replaced with new models. The new transport will be improved in the field of running, cargo and combat qualities.
A complete renewal of the US Armed Forces fleet will not happen soon and will require large investments Money in the development of armored light vehicles.
The cost of Hummer SUVs
To date, the price of "Hammers" on the secondary automotive market varies from 2 to 6 million rubles. Initially, the H1 car in the basic configuration could be purchased for 140 thousand dollars, but the cost has decreased over time. The price for civilian versions is almost the same, but it depends on the wishes of the client. Models made according to individual orders, will cost a much larger amount than the standard modifications of Hummer brand SUVs.
The history of Hammer, this American company, which, in fact, is part of the huge General Motors concern, begins with the release of army SUVs. And it was under this brand that he came out legendary car which brought the company well-deserved fame.
Hammer begins with the release of new maneuverable pickups designed for the needs of the army. Military Humvees, as they were originally called, passed swamps and difficult forest thickets like tanks. They could even climb a flat wall and were very comfortable.
In the late 70s of the last century, the American army needed, which it simply did not have. If there were some samples, then they did not fit so many people in the cabin, and in military conditions, as a rule, the more soldiers and officers are transported in one car, the better.
Before the advent of the Hummer car in the American army, military personnel used the legendary Jeeps, who received the nickname "American Soldier". But by 1979, they were recognized not only as small-capacity, but also outdated. The American army simply needed a modernized and convenient one. As a result, General AM receives an order for the production of a combat vehicle.
Following in the footsteps of other companies producing military vehicles, General AM did not want to and came up with its own line " iron horses”, which have a highly mobile multi-purpose value. The production project was called the HMMWV M-998. Already in the army, where he soon got, the car is called the Humvee, and then the name is transformed into the Hammer.
It was a real all-terrain vehicle, which was distinguished by amazing maneuverability, ease of control, phenomenal cross-country ability and could carry different kinds weapons. The car was even compared with a small tank, it was so good and, most importantly, it met the needs of the army. After that, he became the main vehicle of the United States Army.
Later, General AM and General Motors received the right to market and distribute the civilian version of the Hummer. Rather, these concerns signed an agreement under which the military remained with AM General, and the civilian - with General Motors.
At the time when the car was just released, a number of stringent requirements were already presented to it. It was supposed to be not as big as an armored personnel carrier, but have a similar cross-country ability and the ability to install various types of weapons on it. Tests were carried out, the purpose of which was to test the SUV, and the results exceeded all expectations. The Hammer turned out to be really powerful and met all the requirements. Already in March 1983, the first batch officially enters the US Army for testing.
In less than two years, the army concludes a contract with AM General for the production of 55,000 vehicles. And already in 1989, Hammer for the first time “sniffed” gunpowder in Panama, where hostilities took place. And after participating in Operation Desert Storm, many people started talking about Hammer. Dirty army rovers were shown on TV as footage of the Gulf War went around the world. Hammer involuntarily becomes a TV star and symbolizes the power and strength of the American fighting machine. Formidable army jeeps easily crossed, and walked along the sand, as if on asphalt, leaving tanks and armored personnel carriers far behind them.
After that, the General company began to receive orders not only from the Pentagon, but also from individuals. It was a real advertisement that many people liked. As mentioned above, there were so many orders from individuals that the company decides to split up and produce civilian modifications of the Hammer car separately.
As a civilian option, the jeep arrived in 1992. But the price of a Hummer was very high, even for wealthy Americans. Depending on the configuration and additional options its price fluctuated between 70-85 thousand dollars.
Who do you think was the first owner of this powerful jeep? It was Arnold Schwarzenegger himself, behind whom the number of buyers began to increase exponentially. After the great Arnold, Sylvester Stallone, George Lucas, Andre Agassi and even the famous director Steven Spielberg become owners of Hummer jeeps.
The first civilian model of the Hummer was called the Hummer H1. It was larger than the modern Hummer "baby", which was produced from 2005 to 2010.
But not everything at General Motors was so smooth. In 2008, in a crisis, the management decides to sell the rights to the Hammer brand. The Chinese wanted to buy it, or rather, the company Chihuang Tehzong, but later the offer was withdrawn and the Chinese did not manage to get permission to produce an uneconomical SUV that hardly fits into modern environmental standards.
Mark Hammer was liquidated in February 2010, and on May 26, the latest model legendary SUV.
The first models of Humvee and Hummer H1 and their technical characteristics
The first model of a civilian modification of the Hummer H1 has become popular not only in the United States. Arab sheikhs bought these jeeps in batches, which so easily crossed the largest deserts. The owners of American jeeps are wealthy residents of the Middle East, Russia, China, Japan and other countries. Gradually, in Europe itself, the attitude towards this car becomes respectful.
The first full-time model Hammer H1, like the military Humvee, was produced in. This is a two-door and four-door pickup and station wagon. In the army, this meant that the car was intended not only as a carrier of soldiers, but also as a headquarters vehicle, ambulance, weapons carrier, etc. By the way, it was very convenient to transport machine guns, mortars and even rocket launchers on the Hummer. This ability was due mainly to the ingenious body design of the new jeep.
The body was attached to the frame, and this already significantly increases the strength and durability of the entire structure of the car. As for the windshield, divided into two parts, and the wipers, which are installed on, this evokes the idea that the American jeep is not like a car, but a truck. Especially since the Hammer was wearing 315/75 R17 tires.
Hummer has a fairly comfortable, but a little cramped interior. Many even wonder why in such a voluminous car there is so little space inside. Some copies of the American jeep generally have only four seats. It turns out that the whole point is that the gearbox and the Hammer engine are shifted far back behind the front axle. They are practically under the casing in the cabin. Why do you think it was designed like this?
Do not forget that the Humvee was designed as military equipment and there is nothing surprising in the fact that the manufacturers took care to protect the engine from bullets.
Of course, the civilian model of the Hammer differs from the army brother, but only in the presence of door trim and air conditioning.
Now let's move on to the technical characteristics of the first Hammer H1 model. The military Humvee was equipped with a tire inflation system and a special rubber lining in the inner part of the disk, which allowed the car to move even at a speed of 50 km / h.
At that time, probably, many saw a video where a Humvee military two-door pickup truck calmly climbs a sheer wall:
And the Hummer H1, just like its military counterpart, was capable of this. This is not a machine, but just some kind of beast!
The "American" was able to move with a side roll of 40 degrees and climb a 60-degree rise.
It was indicated above that the civilian version differed from the military one in terms of some comfort. But the Hummer H1 didn't have what the Humvee had. In particular, this applies to a sealed generator and fuse box. In addition, if the civilian Hummer H1 was capable of crossing a ford half a meter deep, then the military version was able to overcome canals and ditches almost 80 cm deep. Agree, this is simply amazing! As for the angle of entry, it is 72 degrees for both cars, and the exit angle is 31.5 degrees. And finally, while the civilian model was equipped with , the military Humvee was equipped with a mechanical one.
Due to the fact that the engine is moved closer to the passenger compartment, Hummer H1 has excellent weight distribution. What does it mean? And the fact that the front axle of the Hammer accounts for about half of the entire mass of the car, and not most of it, as some people think. Hammer H 1 is capable of pulling a trailer weighing up to 3.8 tons. It's just a monster!
Initially, a diesel V-shaped eight-valve 6.2-liter engine with a capacity of 150 hp was installed on the Hammer. With. His torque was 339 Nm. With such a motor, the maximum speed of the Hammer did not exceed 113 km / h.
But in 1994, a new diesel version of the engine appeared with a volume of 6.3 liters and a power of 170 hp. With. The new, so-called Detroit engine had a torque of 394 Nm and gave 1700 rpm. With such a powerful engine, the Hummer was already able to reach a top speed of 133 km/h.
As the Hummer gained popularity, gasoline engine modifications began to be installed on it. Known Hummer H1 with a gasoline V-shaped 5.7-liter engine with a capacity of 190 horses and a torque of 407 Nm. But for some reason, he did not stand on the assembly line for a long time and was withdrawn from production in 1996. It was replaced by a supercharged diesel version with a capacity of 190 hp. With. and torque of 528 Nm.
As for the rest of the technical characteristics of the Hammer H 1 with a new supercharged diesel engine, it gained power of 195 hp. With. and accelerated in 18 s to 100 km.
Hummer still consumed a lot - 20.2 liters in mixed mode.
Interestingly, the Hummer H1 has never been officially sold in Russia or the CIS countries. The price of models imported from overseas often exceeded 50 thousand US dollars. And it was not at all. Although there were still amateurs, despite the fact that the same Hummer H2 was more comfortable.
There is practically no comfort in Hamer H 1. This is the brother of the military version and there is practically no difference between them. Fans of this Hammer model purchased it precisely because of this: for brutality, power and maneuverability. For example, the same Hummer 2 is inferior to the first model in off-road driving, and in general, to be honest, much weaker. Yes, it is made for glory, but there is more gloss and luxury in it than the strength and endurance of a soldier.
Hummer H2 and H3
Hammer H 2 belongs to class E SUVs. In the cabin, as mentioned above, everything is done according to upper class. This hardly resembles army equipment. Rich standard equipment, a comfortable and spacious interior - all this already speaks of the perfect balance of convenience and practicality, as well as the huge opportunities that open up on the roads. The presentation of the new model took place in 2000.
On the Hummer H2 SUT models, made in the body version of the pickup truck, a 6.2-liter engine was installed with a compact aluminum alloy cylinder block. The car developed a power of 293-398 liters. with., and it was installed - Hydra-Matic 6L80.
On video - Hummer test H3:
The appearance of the new Hammer was somewhat reminiscent of old version, but very little remains of the former brutality. The model was evaluated after the release of 1.2 million rubles.
The latest model was the Hummer H3, built on the same platform as the Chevrolet pickups. The design of the model resembles more H2.
Hammer until 2009 was a division of General Motors Corporation. Her the lineup consists of three cars that both looked great and sold well.
Cars in this direction were created on the basis of the HMMWV army SUV. They can drive both on the highway and in complete off-road conditions. Their prototype was in service all over the world. It was based on the increased requirements of the American Pentagon for military vehicles, so they turned out to be powerful, technologically advanced, but uncomfortable. Although, at first, the last point did not play a role for drivers at all. But over time, the model began to focus more on consumers, that is, the comfort bar was raised.
Thus, cars from Hummer received high cross-country ability, visibility, reliability, convenience and small dimensions. But what about where the Hummers are assembled? In this article, this is exactly what we will talk about.
Cars from the Hummer company were assembled in America, Canada and, oddly enough, in Russia. Our production was opened in Kaliningrad in 2006.
The American plant was located in the state of Louisiana in the city of Shreveport. He worked until 2010, and latest SUV came off this assembly line on May 26th.
By the way, at the beginning of 2010, more than 5,000 Hummers drove along the roads of Russia, and every third of them was an American. SUVs from Hummer were developed by engineers from General Motors. The project was opened in 1979 and closed in 2009. The civilian car model went on sale in 1992. It was called Hummer H1. She was taken off the market in 2006. Further, the name of the machines did not differ in originality. This is about:
- Hummer H2, which was removed from the markets in 2009;
- Hummer H3. It was discontinued in 2010.
In 2008, Hummer's position worsened. The fact is that the demand for products has decreased, and the financial situation has become completely unenviable. That is why the concern was sold to the Chinese. But, the campaign from the Middle Kingdom broke the deal, and the company was simply liquidated.
When the Russian production of Hummer was opened, and the features of our assembly
In 2004, as mentioned above, a Hummer assembly line was opened in Kaliningrad. Hummer H1 of the Russian assembly entered our market in January of that year. Then it was noted that by October about 700 off-road vehicles were to leave the plant's tape. Its width was 2006 millimeters, the transmission is located in the cabin here, and the ground clearance is expanded to 406 millimeters. Our engineers have increased the profile and enlarged the bumper. Protection and decoration plates have become much more massive. Ground clearance now is 229 millimeters.
In 2006, the first Hummer H2 was produced in Kaliningrad. Then the brand was considered a promising partner, which they did not want to lose.
The partnership was between the Russians and the Americans. At first it was planned that the model would be sent here almost ready, and Russian craftsmen should only install components and assemblies on an already painted and welded body. Its authorship was attributed to a plant in Indiana, in America. And so it happened. The Russian code was stuffed on the body there, and headlights were hung. The rest of the procedure was carried out by us. SUVs were distributed by five Russian dealers. One of them was in Yekaterinburg, the other four were distributed in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The Hummer H2 modification cost on the market from $86,500 for the basic package. There were only three modifications. Also, they were provided with two additional upgrade packages to choose from.
In the Adventure package this included air suspension, protective grille, first aid kit, lantern, upper trunk and excellent handmade floor mats.
In the Luxury modification, the model resembles a limousine in size. To all of the above it is worth adding leather upholstery, tubular footpegs and chrome trim. It cost from 94090 dollars.
All cars were equipped with a six-liter engine with an output of 321 horsepower. The transmission was designed for driving in the most severe road conditions and was a four-speed.
Interestingly, the fuel consumption could not be determined, since it is floating. The volume of the fuel tank is 121 liters. Owners of machines of our assembly note that the range with a full tank is approximately 499 kilometers, but only if the speed of driving is not higher than 64 kilometers per hour.
Hummer H3 is also assembled by us. From a factory in America, a fully finished model is brought to Poland. There it is disassembled to large parts, and sent to us. All this is done for the sake of customs clearance benefits. So it is very easy to reduce the selling price. After our assembly started, the model cost $49,900. For reference, it used to cost customers about 70 thousand.
Why did Hammer production close?
We have already mentioned that the Hammer production was closed in 2009. At that moment, an economic crisis broke out all over the world. He hit the sales of the brand, and brought her into debt.
On October 12, 2009, representatives of the firm signed an agreement to sell Hummer. The buyer was to be Chinese company Sichuan Tengzhong Heavy Industrial Machinery Corp. The deal was closed for $150 million. But, nothing happened.
And, after the failed deal to purchase Hummer Corporation, representatives of the General Motors concern decided to consider applications from new customers. But, no one has expressed a desire.
When the production was closed, statistics on the latest sales of the brand were not provided. Particularly carefully concealed the data on our assembly.
Russian dealers At that time, they thought that the company would be revived. Then in the salons there were two or three cars left. But there were many more in stock. As you can see, the hopes were not justified.
Therefore, drivers who drove any Hummer modification lost the opportunity to properly repair their cars, because there are no parts left on our market.
Now you can buy cars from Hammer only on secondary market. Their cost will depend only on the mileage of the model, and the desires of its owner.
The philosophy of an army SUV, capable of moving both on the highway and off-road in combat conditions, was born and experienced a rich practice during the Second World War. "Soldier car" - such a respectful definition was given to Jeep Willys in the American army. After the end of the war, these SUVs for various purposes were adopted by the armies of all countries of the world. By the end of the 70s of the twentieth century, the Pentagon developed new increased requirements for the future army SUV, which was to become the main small universal vehicle for the US Army. The main requirements for the future car: high off-road patency, including longitudinal and lateral stability, small dimensions and visibility, air transportability, including airplanes, helicopters and convertiplanes, reliability and maintainability, the ability to transport a trailer, the ability to become a "platform" for a large number of special modifications.
The brand was born as a result of the conversion of the American army all-terrain vehicle HMMWV M998 (High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle), abbreviated "Humvee" (Eng. HUMVEE).
On February 24, 2010, GM announced that it was initiating liquidation proceedings for the Hummer division due to the failure of the deal by Chinese regulatory authorities.
May 26, 2010 The last Hummer SUV rolled off the assembly line of the General Motors plant in Shreveport, Louisiana. After the cessation of production of Hummer cars, the company will continue to produce Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon.
World triumph
The main small car - the "mobile platform" of the US Army "Hammer" has become an exceptionally successful design of the army jeep of the late XX - early XXI century. This is a role model for other design firms, armies and countries. In world history, the Hammer has forever remained the “car of all times and peoples” due to its exceptional operational and combat qualities. "Hammer" has become a symbol and "calling card" of the American army, which is rightfully proud of its offspring. Hundreds of American soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals owe the Hammer the preservation of their lives during wars and military conflicts. Many companies in the world produce various collection models of the Hammer, which are always popular with collectors.
Comparison of Hummer H1 and HMMWV
The civilian modification of the H1 is completely based on the military model HMMWV. Unlike the military HMMWV, the civilian modification lacks armor and armament, but in terms of other technical characteristics, it completely repeats the military model. Also in standard equipment civil model H1 present saloon increased comfort, comfortable seats, audio system and climate control. In addition, in the civilian model has been changed circuit diagram, which became 12-volt and includes two 12-volt batteries connected in parallel, unlike the military HMMWV, where two batteries are connected in series to produce 24 volts.
The lineup
Army modifications
- patrol/reconnaissance vehicle
- trailer towing truck
- ambulance
- mobile command post - command vehicle
- mobile point of contact
Standard armament
- 7.62 mm M-60 machine gun
- 12.7 mm M-2 machine gun
- anti-aircraft missile system"Stinger"
- anti-tank missile system "Hellfire" or "Tou"
- 25 mm anti-aircraft gun M-242
- 40-mm automatic grenade launcher Mark 19 (Mk.19)
The jeep is capable of towing a trailer with a mass of 1.5 tons - on the highway, 1.3 tons - off-road.
Later, new or modified weapon systems were installed on the platform.
Hummer production and fleet in Russia
In 2006-2009 Hummer assembly H2 and H3 were conducted at the Kaliningrad enterprise "Avtotor". According to the agency "AUTOSTAT" at the beginning of 2010, there were about 5,000 Hummer SUVs in Russia, of which 1,528 copies. (that is, every third) were registered in Moscow.
Cooperation with McDonald's
McDonald's website section with Hummer jeeps, 2006
Hummer SUVs are often criticized by environmental organizations because of their environmental friendliness and huge fuel consumption. Company General Motors in May-June 2006 was even forced to discontinue production of the H1 model, the most voracious member of the family. In August, the scandal flared up with renewed vigor.
Literature
1. Shunkov V. N. Armored vehicles. - Minsk: Popuri, 2004. - 752 p. / M-998 Hammer. Ss. 329-332.
see also
Notes
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HUMMER is an American company that is part of the General Motors concern, specializing in the production of powerful super-all-terrain vehicles with increased capacity. The Hummer is manufactured at AM General's UAW plant in Mishawaka, Indiana.
The history of Hummer began because of the need of the US military for special car. As a result, the American company AM General in the summer of 1979 began work on the creation of a high-capacity vehicle. The program received the designation HMMWV M998 (High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Model 998), which translates as "High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Model 998" and is pronounced by the Americans as "Hamm-wee." From this reduction, the name Hummer (Hummer) was born. The all-terrain vehicle was distinguished by ease of control, phenomenal cross-country ability and could carry various types of weapons. It became the main vehicle of the US Army. Recently, AM General and General Motors signed an agreement under which GM received the right to market and distribute the civilian version of the Hummer SUV, and AM General retained the right to sell military modifications of the all-terrain vehicle. A new stage in the life of the legendary SUV begins.
11 months later General Motor Corporation presented the first sample of a military vehicle under the brand name - M998, which went into production in 1981 and is now familiar to everyone under the name H1. The test results amazed the military - new all-terrain vehicle exceeded absolutely all the requirements and standards of the US Army. Therefore, already in March 1983, AM General received an order for the supply of the first batch of HMMWV M998 SUVs to the army. Hummer gained wide popularity after the successful completion of Operation Desert Storm. Footage of the Gulf War went around all the TVs in the world. They were invariably present formidable army Hummer all-terrain vehicles, who jokingly overcame the steep slopes of the dunes and walked along the sand, as if on asphalt, leaving the ultra-modern M1A Abrams tanks far behind. After such advertising, AM General began to receive orders for Hummer from individuals. There were so many of them that the company proactively developed and put on sale a civilian version of this SUV. Since 1992, it has been sold to everyone. But the rather high price, even by American standards, made it an elite car: depending on the configuration, its cost for the US market is from 70,000 to 85,000 dollars, and annual sales are 2,000 units, which is comparable to Ferrari sales.
One of the very first Hummer owners was none other than Arnold Schwarzenegger, followed by such celebrities as Sylvester Stallone, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas and even the famous tennis player Andre Agassi. Hummer is also very popular in the countries of the Middle East, United Arab Emirates and, oddly enough, in our country. Hummer is delivered to Russia by the Moscow dealer of GM only on the terms of full prepayment.
Produced since 1992, the civilian version of the famous off-roader undergoes small changes every year, which helps the company to keep demand at a steady level. AM General's latest lineup includes four body styles: a 2-seater pickup with a large cargo hold (Open Top), a 4-seater pickup with soft top(4-doors Open Top), a four-seat pickup truck with a hard top (4-doors Hard Top) and a station wagon with a fully enclosed aluminum body (Wagon). Max speed reaches 105 km / h, and acceleration 0-100 km / h takes 19.5 seconds. As power plant V-shaped eight-cylinder is used diesel engine volume of 6.5 liters with a capacity of 170 hp. It has a fantastic resource of 1 million km (!), which, together with a stainless body, makes the Hummer practically eternal; on request, it is possible to install a 195 hp tubodiesel. The company gives a guarantee for 36 months or 36 thousand miles.
Hummer recently received traction control system TorqTrack (TT4), designed specifically for all-wheel drive. With help electronic sensors TT4 makes sure no wheel slips. As soon as one of the wheels begins to spin, the TT4 slows it down using the service brake system, which allows more torque to be transmitted to the wheels with better grip. As one of the directors of AM General, Bill Thomson, said: “if earlier successful driving off-road depended half on the car, half on the driver, then on a Hummer with the TT4 system, the driver will be able to rely on the car for all 90%.”
On car exhibition in Detroit in 2000, a prototype of the new Hummer called the Hummer H2 was shown. It was developed jointly by the designers of GM and AM General, and its chassis is unified with Chevrolet Tahoe. “This is not a remake of the first model,” said one of the authors of the H2 project, Clay Dean, an engineer at GM Corporation. “This is a fundamentally new Hummer, occupying a different niche than the first model.” Hummer H2 is much more luxurious and comfortable than H1. The interior design of the H2 model is unified with the interiors of other chic GM SUVs. Production samples of 2003 will be equipped with the Night Vision night vision system.
General Motors is going to dramatically increase car sales famous brand Hummer. The main impact will be made on the H2 model, however, no one is going to the first Hummer either. soon withdraw from production. Demand for the Hummer H1 is small but fairly stable. In addition, the appearance of the H3 model is possible, which will be a “parquet” SUV.
Absolutely new model, named Hummer H3 will be the most compact and most affordable car brand Hummer and will be on sale next year as a car 2005 model year.
The Hummer H3 SUV is built on the same platform as the Chevrolet S10 and GMC Sonoma pickups. However, the novelty's body and interior trim are their own, designed specifically for this model. It is worth noting here that the design of the Hummer H3 is made in the same style as the larger H2 and received a similar massive grille with a powerful bumper, extended wheel arches with plastic overlays and a powerful hood, under which an eight-cylinder engine can easily fit. By the way, in general, the appearance of the H3 is vaguely reminiscent of a Jeep. Grand Cherokee, with which he, in fact, will have to compete.
By official information, for the Hummer H3, three motors have been prepared at once. These are base 220- and 260-horsepower engines, as well as a mighty 300-horsepower V8 that will be installed on the most expensive versions novelties. We also note that the most affordable Hummer will cost about $30,000. The six-cylinder version will be about five thousand dollars more expensive. The price of the top version with a V8 engine has not yet been reported. By comparison, the most affordable Hummer H2 costs $49,000 in the US, while the Hummer H1 costs over $100,000.
