To paraphrase one of Aesop's expressions, we can say: the most beautiful and amazing thing that man has created is a car; the most terrible and inevitable that he created is also a car. What is the problem? How could Homo sapiens allow the automobile to become the master of the situation and that man has to adapt himself to the dominance of the machine?
The essence of the problem
The Walkers have become a legend. Today we save time by covering large urban areas with more or less comfort in own car, by taxi, by public transport. Thanks to technological progress, sometimes an ambulance arrives on time health care, fire engine and other rescue services. Here the car is our helper and friend.
But when in open window even at night, exhaust fumes rush in when nerves are strained to the limit in a traffic jam or in a crowd of people at a public transport stop, when we risk our lives across the street on a flashing green, when we seep between cars to the entrance of a building, when we hear horrific numbers of deaths under the wheels cars, when we are overcome by diseases caused by physical inactivity, when ...
... Then there is nostalgia for the time when a person could enjoy fresh air, silence, measured rhythm of life. People gradually get used to dependence on the car, obediently adapt to their fate. Man has become a hostage to machines and mechanisms. Individual vehicles are especially aggressive, which multiply with incredible force and fill the streets, squares, yards, lawns, sidewalks, pollute the air, water, soil, capture ground, underground and aboveground urban space. New roads, bridges, parking lots, tunnels become too small for the growing avalanche of private cars.
At the same time, we are no longer able to survive in the city whirlwind without the help of a car. Moreover, the psychology of the prestige of the car has taken root, as opposed to public transport - for the poor. Every car owner wants to comfortably drive from door to door. The ubiquitous service put forward the slogan: "To live without leaving the car." In low-rise America, they do not go out, but leave the house, the need for sidewalks has disappeared there.
How to get out of this situation? Indeed, in fact, the symbiosis of a car and a person is inevitable. And if we once lost time and could not cope with the growing threats of infringement on the rights and feelings of a person, then maybe even now we will stop meekly adapting ...
When and where did we miss, unleash the monster?
Roots of the problem
The dream of mankind came true when the wheel appeared. Since then, vehicles have been constantly improved. The emergence of new transport models was rapidly accelerating, although the old ones did not go away. Nowadays, you can still see a rickshaw, a horse or a donkey in front of the wheels.
New vehicles required the creation of appropriate spatial conditions. Endlessly long streets, corridors, tricky junctions appeared. But quite recently, in ancient Rome, city planners advocated the creation of street spaces that would carry the required aesthetic and semantic characteristics. straight line segments streets could not be longer than 250-400 meters, depending on the significance of the street. Even a slight turn of these streets was visually fixed triumphal arch or other significant volumes. The intersections of the main streets, as places of culmination of the special properties of the urban space, were marked by the setting of tetrapils. Of great importance in the formation of streets was the disclosure of lateral or perpendicular visual axes. The squares of the forums were inaccessible to riders. The environment was created for man.
When it turned out that fast-paced chariots posed a threat to humans, a sidewalk was invented in ancient Rome, duplicating carriageway streets. Obviously, this was a harbinger of subsequent concessions in recognizing the priority Vehicle. In the Middle Ages, Leonardo da Vinci confirmed the primacy of vehicles, proposing the creation of two-tier sidewalks, where the upper level was assigned to the rich in order to protect them from mud from under the wheels. However, it was Leonardo who, in his discussions about “correct architecture”, put the triad “man – life – health” in the first place. Based on this, he proposed his concept ideal city, in which the ground streets were given to noble people, and the streets underground were assigned to the carts.
And yet, the maximum width of the streets was still determined by the convenience of communication between people walking on opposite sides of the street, as well as the possibility of two carts dispersing. We love to visit such streets, cozy, human-sized, where every turn opens the expected surprise.
But already at the end of the 19th century, Camillo Zitte, in his book “The Artistic Foundations of Urban Planning” (Vienna, 1889), bitterly noted that technical achievements led to unreasonably straight streets “several hours long”, to absolutely regular squares, to the loss of “artistic effects” in buildings, to the leading role in shaping the urban environment of “road engineers”. He believed that "a straight line does not excite anyone," and large undeveloped spaces adversely affect the psyche of people. K. Zitte called for "artificially provide for various street bends, turns, irregularities." This kind of "forced irregularity, deliberate randomness" will contribute to the preservation of the humanity of the urban environment.
It should be noted that K. Zitte advocated mainly for the preservation of an aesthetically humane urban space. At that time, practically no thought was yet given about physical and environmental hazards. After all, doctors at that time claimed that a person could not stand a speed in a car exceeding 40 km per hour.
More than a century has passed, and today we live under the slogan “Everything for the car!”. The infringement of the physical, mental and moral dignity of a person is growing along with technological progress.
Attempts to solve the problem
After all, the person guessed what is most convenient to spend clean water into the house immediately to the kitchen, and take the used one through hidden pipes, leaving the sewers in the middle of the streets. Finding the right solution was easy. Water moves by itself, and we consume it at certain points. And a person is practically inseparable from the car: we are always either in it or next to it. The solution to this problem turned out to be much more difficult.
In the modern, it would seem, impasse, with the assertion that individual transport is to blame for everything, public actions are being carried out everywhere against its aggression. So, an informal public association “Muscovites for the tram” was created. In 1999 in Nizhny Novgorod"Give Way to Man" campaign. Citizens strongly support the International Car Free Day (September 22). In 2003, several public organizations and activists united in the public movement “Russia Without Cars”.
Public opinion seeks to spur state bodies to take constructive measures. However, in reality, such a practice has taken root: those in power who are unable or unwilling to foresee the future threats of the car in a hurry look for the possibility of resolving only individual conflicts. And only when these conflicts manifest themselves with the highest force. As a result, multi-tier interchanges, back-up highways, tunnels, a limited number of checkpoints across the street for pedestrians, speed bumps, chains and high blind fences on highways. We decided that it would be more convenient to isolate a person from transport by placing a number of city functions underground, providing artificial lighting, air from air conditioners, labyrinths of showcases of various commercial services there. And somewhere where the car dominates - sunlight, bottomless sky, the rustle of leaves and the sparkle of snow. Is it fair? But today man himself obediently goes to all this. And we, the architects, help him.
Maybe you shouldn't put yourself down like that. The search for radical solutions to the problem was ongoing. True, most of them remained on paper. At the end of the 19th century, Arturo Soriai Mata, foreseeing the leading role of mechanical vehicles in organizing the space of life, proposed the idea of a linear city that can connect the existing centric cities (Fig. 1). Such lines, he believed, can cover large areas, connecting the major cities of the continent. Let us recall Le Corbusier's proposal for the planning organization of a city for 3 million people (1922). Here the streets were “something like a long factory corridor with a complex system of urban communications” (Fig. 3). Such a street, with all its attributes, is not being built all at once, but is constantly being formed (“under construction”). It has at least three levels designed for various kinds transport. In the ideas of architects of the 20–30s of the last century (M. Barshch, M. Okhitovich, N. Sokolov, N. Leonidov, etc.), who predicted the forms of socialist settlement, transport had its own tracing corridors, and people, touching it in axial directions, were in direct contact with the natural environment (Fig. 2). In the conceptual project of the NER (A. Gutnov, I. Lezhava and others), the core task was to divide the habitat into the “world of machines” and the “world of man”. Points, lines, zones are provided where they touch if necessary (Fig. 4).
There are quite a lot of conceptual variations on the theme of separation (but not separation!) of the spaces of a person and a car. It is worth recalling the works of our compatriots: a dissertation study on the city of pedestrians by I. Lyublinsky (1974), graduation projects on the division of the spheres of human and machine activity by A. Kolontai (1974), on the differentiation of urban space according to the significance of the subjects of use by O. Satinova (2004) and A. Maistruk (2005).
All these examples show that the search is going in the same direction. The most difficult thing is to find ways to implement them. Moreover, world experience shows that half-measures in the most daring developments aimed at solving transport problems bring "only temporary relief to the patient." An example of this is the city of Boston. Already in the 1950s. the street network of the city could not stand traffic loads. It was decided to build a main overpass with interchanges, descents and ascents. Several decades passed, and congestion began to form on it. They began to build a huge expensive tunnel. Technical problems made his job difficult. However, even today they predict that this will not save the city.
Summary, or (let's be immodest) our opinion
1. If the attitude towards the planning of urban space and the formation of communication routes in it is not fundamentally changed, then a deadlock is inevitable. In addition to the threat to humans, a car in the city will simply become inefficient: low speeds, detours, parking problems.
2. It should be recognized that for the established forms of settlement in large and largest cities, their agglomerations are difficult to find and even more difficult to implement radical solutions to transport problems. Huge material and financial costs are required, technical capabilities are still limited.
3. It is necessary to take into account as much as possible both other people's mistakes and successful experience. There is such experience - Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo, Helsinki, Toronto, Milan, Bogota (Colombia), Curitiba (Brazil). In general, these experiences are associated with the promotion or restriction of the use individual cars For everyday driving around town. At the same time, the emphasis is on the development of comfortable and convenient public transport, pedestrian zones, and cycling infrastructure.
We believe that in the current conditions it is impossible to make unambiguous decisions. Methods for exiting cities from a crisis situation should be combined. For specific conditions, it is necessary to select your own combination algorithm. In the very general case most constructive solutions should be considered:
– Formation in the conditions of mass building on the free territory of linear structures along outbound inter-settlement routes of communication with high-speed passenger transport. Arrangement of car parks for interceptors in the stopping nodes of these communication routes. Such a system will be more expensive than our newly built (or rather initially archaic) huge arrays of buildings with a labyrinth of streets. More expensive, primarily due to the lengthening of engineering networks. But it is known that the miser pays many times more.
– Creation along buried or otherwise isolated outflow highways (space for cars), along which people do not walk, residential, public or industrial complexes, free from cars (space for a person). These complexes are adjacent to stopping nodes - foci around which vital important features in optimal accessibility to high-speed public transport. The emergence of additional local modes of transportation is a matter of time. After all, there is the possibility of air communications, wireless communications. Successful solutions for creating car-free complexes exist both in reality and in projects (Fig. 5–7).
– Gradual purposeful reconstruction with a reasonable restructuring of the existing urban space, with a gradual separation of spaces for people and spaces for cars. Obviously, it is necessary to start with a clear socio-functional differentiation of urban spaces. common use- pedestrian, pedestrian transport, transport pedestrian, transport. At the same time, the two intermediate linear links of this system of spaces should be gradually reduced to nodes in which the necessary contacts between a person and a car take place. At the initial stages of reconstruction, it is possible to use the already known private planning techniques: the creation of a system of pedestrian spaces, the organization of parking lots, underground and surface parking lots, the creation of multi-level open spaces, all-round stimulation car alternatives means of transportation (today it is mainly a bicycle), etc.
We have deliberately left out the most pressing car parking issues at present, especially in city centres. This independent and complex issue requires a separate discussion. In any case, if we take a responsible approach to solving the transport problem, which, thanks to us, like a snowball rolls on our descendants, it is necessary to develop a special state program, something like "Peaceful coexistence of man and car."
At the end of September, students of the 9th "a" class of the Staropoltava school with the head of the local history group "Istoki" G.M. Kozenko held an environmental forum "Car: friend or foe?". The guests of the event were Magistrate L.V. Chub, an employee of the OUPDS S.A. Grasmik, chief ecologist of the district Yu.A. Saturday, a driver with forty years of experience, awarded the Order of Labor Glory II and III degree, V.P. Marchenko and a member of the parent committee Yu.F. Berbentsev.
The forum was held in the form of a kind of quiz: the children were divided into 4 teams, and the guests who came became the judging commission, the secretary of which was the teacher of the Staropoltavskaya School I.V. Dmitriev. Schoolchildren presented their teams under the following names: “BAD” (Fast, Active, Friendly, captain Andrey Nuzhdin), “Greenpeace” (captain Rita Sopelnyak), “Car” (captain Daria Maseeva), “Ecology” (captain Rasim Khaliyev). Schoolchildren tried to answer the question: is the car a friend or an enemy to us? The responses of the participants represented different points of view, depending on the role of technology in modern life.
The organizers of the forum tried to cover the topic with different sides. So, S.A. Grasmik expressed his opinion about the need for cars in modern life, how to behave as a pedestrian on the carriageway and the importance of following the rules traffic. L.V. Chub told the teenagers what measures are provided in case of violation of certain rules established by law. Vladimir Pavlovich Marchenko spoke about his work activities related to management trucks. IN Soviet time he worked at the Staropoltavsky state farm, traveled around Soviet Union while transporting grain. I remember the trip to the North, because I got into hard frost, which does not happen in our steppes. The labor veteran does not regret the years he spent behind the “steering wheel”, he liked the profession.
Then the participants of the forum answered questions. All members of the team participated in their discussion, and the captain answered. The judges evaluated the correctness and clarity of the answer, awarded points to the players. The tasks were varied: for example, what needs to be done to reduce damage environment applied exhaust gases from cars; list the brands of car manufacturers; guess the name of a song about cars, etc. It is interesting, but the general opinion has become that electric cars can become an alternative to cars with internal combustion engines, which will significantly reduce the harm done to nature. And, as noted by both children and adults, this will happen in the near future. The competitive process was interspersed with the cognitive one, when the participants shared facts about the role of cars in our lives. For example, the first Steam engine was moving at a speed of 4 km / h, and now the speed of the car with modern engine equals 455 km/h (and this is not racing car). Everyone present was curious to know such facts. During the competition, the participants entered into disputes, defending their point of view.
As a result of the work of the panel of judges the largest number points scored by the team "BAD", its participants were awarded a sweet prize. All those present participated with pleasure in this instructive project, at the end of the event they enjoyed an environmentally friendly product - natural juice. G.M. Kozenko thanked everyone for their participation and attention. The meeting was remembered by all the ease and desire of children to explore the world and be useful.
The material is taken from the archive of the newspaper D. MEKTEPOV
Computer friend or foe...
Goals: to promote the definition of the place and role of the computer in the life of modern man.
Tasks: 1. Highlight the conditions and determine the rules for the safe use of a PC;
2. Teach exercises that relieve eye strain;
3. Focus on communication with other people, the development of their abilities.
Equipment: 3 supporting signs "computer", "friend-helper", "enemy-harm",
Lesson progress:
I will start our class hour with a riddle. Listen carefully! If you know the answer, answer in unison.
He draws, he counts
designs factories,
Even in space flies
And gives a weather forecast.
Millions of calculations
Can do in a minute.
Guess what a genius is?
Surely … (computer)
Even 20 years ago, a computer was a rarity. The word “computer” comes from the Greek “computo”, which means: I count, I calculate. So this machine was named because at first it was used for complex mathematical calculations. Then they called the computer, and it was very large in size, about the size of our class.
II. Motivation
Guys! Today we will be members of a scientific group. Let's do some very important research. Let's start with a fairy tale.
(presentation - fairy tale)
In a certain kingdom, a distant state, there lived a king ...
And he had two sons: the Elder and the Younger. That's what he called them.
The older one was a smart kid, well, the younger one was neither this nor that, he was just a fool.
In order not to lag behind the century, to help children become smarter,
So that the sons in modern world live
The Tsar decided to buy computers for the guys
The coolest, connected them to the Internet
unlimited, high speed.
How long does a fairy tale affect, but not soon something is done.
Many years have passed, what happened to the sons of the king?
eldest son
I only have one friend
It's called a computer.
I spend the whole day with him
I don't go for walks.
I don't play sports
And I'm not tempered at all
I don't talk to my friends
I study all day
And believe me, I'm not lazy
Sitting at the computer
Watch movies, games.
To all sites without discrimination
I go all the way out.
Poorly began to think
Why suddenly? - do not understand.
It got bad in the head...
And with the eyes... What's wrong with me?!
Look how the eldest son has become
Younger son
I have a new friend
It's called a computer.
I've been friends with him for a long time
And I'll tell you about it.
He will put everything in folders,
Everything will be reproduced through the printer
Electronic Service Files
Tool of all trades
And a cure for boredom
Both a teacher and a devoted friend.
How energetic
electronic man
My companion is cute
Into the twenty-first century
Look how the youngest son has become.
King's message:
Dear members of the research team!
Please help answer the question:
Why did completely identical computers affect my children differently?
Dear Colleagues. So, here is our first case.
What do we do?
What do you think about this?
We need to give the king a reasoned, complete answer.
Yes, indeed, the computer has firmly entered our lives not only as technical means. Universal computerization greatly affects a person. What is this influence, positive or negative? What is a computer to a person? Friend or foe?
So, the topic of our study "Computer - enemy, friend, helper?"
Dear colleagues, let's single out from the story of the sons the main areas in which the Computer caused particular harm or benefit.
Computer and health
Computer and communication
Computer and computer games
Continue the phrase, the computer is a friend, with it I can ......
(Play, draw, sing songs, look at photographs, solve problems, examples, write exercises, write and send letters, search for necessary knowledge in the Internet)
Task: Smile at each other. Remember your feelings, say nice words, touch your hand. Now smile at the computer. Have you experienced pleasant feelings, warmth from communication?
How to properly call a PC (Personal Computer) friend or assistant?
Conclusion: With a PC it is interesting to study, to learn about the world around. But nothing can replace the joy of communicating with a friend, a peer. Only a friend will understand you, dream with you, be able to prepare a surprise, be able to calm you down. The computer helps a person to work, learn and develop through games. But the main thing is that it does not replace friendship, communication, does not interfere with the development of your abilities and talents. Someone is a football player, a singer, an artist, a naturalist, a seamstress….
Main part.
Continue the sentence. When computer is the enemy, i.e. can cause harm...
(radiation, excessive gaming, viruses from the Internet, eye strain, immobile posture, etc.)
How to reduce the harmful effects of PC?
First, we will find out how to properly organize the workplace? It should be said that we know a lot when organizing a workplace for writing.
You need a computer (table), the desired height (chair), stable (foot support).
Lighting should be (on the left).
The monitor is mounted slightly (below) eye level.
The distance from the monitor to you is such that you can touch (with the tips of) the fingers of an outstretched (hand).
Tips for keeping healthy.
1. Work on modern computers with a well-lit desktop.
2. For students in grades 2-5, the continuous duration of classes with a computer should not exceed 15 minutes
3. Get up every hour from the computer and do a set of exercises for the spine.
4. Do a set of exercises for the hands every hour.
5. Do exercises for the eyes every half an hour.
Exercises to relieve eye strain when working with a computer:
(Exercises are performed several times with children)
· “Open-close eyes” At the expense of 1-4 close your eyes with tension, at the expense of 1-6 open your eyes.
· “Following the finger” Look at the tip of the index finger, distant from the eyes at a distance of 25-30 cm, at the expense of 1-4, slowly bring it closer to the tip of the nose, then slowly remove it to the same distance.
· "Miracle Eight" Move your eyes to the picture on the poster "lying eight".
· “Glass mark”: Move your eyes from the large red dot on the glass to the selected object far away outside the window.
By following these tips, your computer will be a friend. Listen to what advice will be harmful.
Bad advice:
Never wash your hands
monitor, keyboard.
It's a stupid job
leads to nothing.
Hands get dirty again.
Monitor, keyboard.
And why waste energy
wasted time.
Do you want to improve your eyesight?
sit closer to the monitor
It's better to poke your nose right away and
And sit like that for ten hours.
And then a month later
It will have an eye like an eagle.
There is no more pleasant occupation
Than, slouching strongly, strongly
Sit at the monitor.
Train daily
And a happy day will come
you to some kingdom
Will be accepted as the chief hunchback.
What should be done in the following situations?
No. 1. You received a letter "Do you want to win a super gift? It's easy: you just need to fill out a questionnaire", the profession of the parents, their numbers mobile phones, home address. What is the right thing to do?
№2 Send SMS message to given number and win a prize!
Remember: through the Internet you can get into the networks of scammers, so in no case do not respond to these messages!
Do you like computer games? And what? What attracts you to them? We will identify positive and negative factors of influence computer games per child
| Negative Factors |
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To avoid becoming a computer slave, observe three simple rules:
1. Be sure to do something active view sports.
2. Play on the principle of "Play and stop" - no more one hour in a day. You won't get very far without brakes.
3. Always remember the wisdom: "Everything is allowed to me, but not everything is useful." You can also get candy from the trash can - but will you eat it?
Summary of the lesson.
So, why did the computer affect the sons of the King so differently?
And so our exciting meeting ends.
And now I would like to know how useful this work was?
What knowledge gained in the lesson will be useful to you?
What will you pay attention to when working with a PC?
The computer makes our life easier. Without him modern life it is hard to imagine. Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to live in harmony with him. Today we got acquainted with the simplest exercises that help maintain and strengthen health when working on a personal computer.
Let's read this poem together.
No need to be afraid of smart machines,
After all, they bring great benefits to life.
"Only you take care of your personal health,"
Such a computer sets conditions for us.
In discussions about the problems of modern cities and suburbs in general, and Tyumen in particular, the role of the main enemy of mankind is assigned to the car. It takes up space, pollutes the atmosphere, leads to hypodynamia and obesity. Not so long ago, comrades drove herds of these animals around the 6th microdistrict and wrote a whole set of tips on fighting and pacifying iron horses. I, as a singer of country life, in theory, should be an opponent of cars. But not everything is so simple.
Angel and demon
They say the twentieth century is chemistry, the nuclear bomb and space. From the height of human growth (or from my narrow-minded point of view), the twentieth century is a car, a refrigerator and a cell phone. But without the first there is no point in the second and third.
The car inherited a controversial assessment by society from the main ideologist of the motorization of the planet's population, Henry Ford. He really is an American Idol. In Aldous Huxley's dystopia "Brave New World", which has been systematically and student-like neatly implemented for several decades, the chronology is from the year of release Ford T models. Consumption is elevated to a cult, the symbol of the consumer god is Henry Ford, and instead of the sign of the cross, people overshadow themselves with the sign "T".
In real life, the father of motorization left an even more ambiguous mark. He set the highest daily rate - $ 5 with a fixed shift of 8 hours, fatherly cared about the living conditions of workers and until the 40s tightly banned trade unions in his enterprises. Maybe not in vain, these unions eventually ruined Detroit. Ford was the only American Hitler mentioned with admiration in his book Mein Struggle. But main principle Ford was "The car should be cheap." This is what allowed him to capture the unsaturated market and make the car a faithful companion of man.
"You go alone - you're taking Hitler!". American poster from the Second World War, calling for a lift each other to save gasoline
Country house father
No appearance mass car there are no suburbs in their current sense. In the pre-automobile era, outside the city there could be either suburbs around the enterprise or farms. Ford, by the way, lived on a farm near Detroit. According to legend, he wanted to cheap car so that farm dwellers can travel to the city more often. When it becomes possible to get from a country house to work in the city, classical sabarbia appears. Let's remember the reference American, Homer Simpson: his house, non-working wife, two cars, three children, a dog.
In Russia, mass motorization also began in the 90s. Many of those living today still remember the curse of the suburban train. For the new generation, with the advent of the automobile, the dacha out of suffering for the purpose of subsistence has become an attractive vacation spot. Few people will have the idea of a permanent life in nature without the possibility of driving to the city in the first place. The machine allows you to stock up on food, transport equipment for repairs, deliver building materials in small batches. Without a car in the countryside, it’s like having no arms, and even like having no legs.
Cocoon of comfort
Today Personal car for a city dweller, it is a continuation of his apartment. This is a cozy capsule that allows you to limit contact with representatives of the human population outdoors. This is so, without irony. Public transport, for all its usefulness for urban spaces, efficiency, progressiveness, etc. for a long time will lose to the car. “Do you hear? Do you hear? I do not hear you! I'm in the bus! Speak louder! Do you hear?" To be comfortable, buses should run half empty. To pay for themselves, the buses must go full. The resolution of the contradiction lies in the field of subsidies to carriers, the budget and the social contract. Most people do not want to climb into such jungle and, at the first opportunity, jump from the bus to drive a personal car.
Getting to work an hour, is it a lot or a little? Everything is relative. From Vostochny in a traffic jam by bus - a very long time. Along the Chervishevsky tract along the forests and fields, to your favorite music on good car- like a moment. Cork? Muscovites in traffic jams watch movies on iPads. Frost, rain, wind, snow - does not concern me, I'm in the house. Self-expression, status, convenience, privacy and freedom of movement - no ecology can outweigh this set of benefits.
Price of freedom
How do we pay for this comfort? No, I will not speak for the environment, the price of gasoline and robbery in authorized services. the main problem, this is what I always mention in my columns - desocialization, the loss of neighborly ties, the devastation of public neighborhood spaces. Moving from point to point in glass-metal bubble, fencing off the neighborhood with a transparent barrier, we lose power over the street. But a holy place is never empty. Vagabonds, aggressive teenagers reign here, and for quite understandable reasons, visiting workers and their families will consider the street theirs - they built everything here with their own hands.
But is the car to blame? Quite unexpectedly, the most vehement defender of pedestrian streets, Jane Jacobs, in the book I have repeatedly mentioned, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, speaks out in his defense: “Thinking about urban transport problems in terms of pedestrians versus cars, focusing on their separation as the main goal, is to approach the issue from the wrong end. Caring for pedestrians is inseparable from caring for urban diversity. In the absence of diversity, residents of large populated areas are likely to do better in cars than on their feet. Unmanaged city voids have no advantage over unmanaged city transport.". In other words, a person should have a reason to get out of the car, and this should not only be bans, taxes and fines for improper parking.
What is a car for you? What can we do to keep the comfort he gives us and not to lose the street from which he so carefully guards us? Or is the door-to-door route the future that you should not hide from?
"Fire - is it friend or foe?"
The safety of children and adults is one of the main concerns of our society, and kindergarten is an integral organism, where everyone, from the manager to the technical workers, must be aware of and bear full responsibility for the preservation of life and health, for the safety of the children entrusted to us.
From 04/25/2017 to 05/03/2017 in the preschool educational institution (Sadovoye village) a set of measures was carried out to fire safety.
Teachers creatively approached such an important and necessary topic as fire safety. The educators took into account the abilities and knowledge of their pupils and tried to structure their work in such a way that the children were not only interested, but most importantly, that they would remember the rules of fire safety. The following activities were carried out:
Updating information for parents on fire safety stands;
Classes - conversations with children "Rules of conduct in case of fire", "An important profession is a fireman", "Objects requiring careful handling";
Reading of works of art “Fire Dogs” by L.N. Tolstoy, “In the Smoke” by V. Zhitkov, “The Story of an Unknown Hero” by S. Marshak;
Guessing riddles, looking at posters, illustrations "People of the heroic profession";
Drawing on the topic: "Fire in the house";
Application: "Fire truck";
Didactic games: “You can - you can’t”, “Objects are sources of fire”, “Home helpers”, “Who needs what”, “I will start, and you will finish”.
Outdoor games: "Firefighters in training", "Traps", "Hide and Seek", "From bump to bump", "Run quietly", "Find an object";
Role-playing games: "Brave firemen", "Caution, fire!";
Another training evacuation of pupils and employees from the building of the preschool educational institution was carried out.
The parents of the pupils were active participants in the preparation and conduct of activities aimed at developing children's knowledge about fire safety rules.
The final event wasentertainment "Fire - is it friend or foe?"where the children continued to learn the ABC of fire safety in a mobile game form. An interesting character “Spark” (Gyatsyavichene A.A.) came to visit the guys with an entertaining box of matches (Gyatsyavichene Polina). Children raced to collect split pictures depicting fire fighting equipment, played the game "Bonfire flares up."
With great enthusiasm, the children learned how to call the fire brigade correctly, listened carefully to the teachers about how to behave if a fire suddenly broke out in the apartment or on the street, stubbornly argued: “Is fire a friend or an enemy? ", although the old woman Shapoklyak wanted to confuse everyone diligently (Sidorkina Zh, A.)
The culmination was an important guest - the fireman of the rescue unit No. 24 of the city of Nesterov - Maslov Gennady Vladimirovich, who had a conversation in an accessible form about safety rules with fire and what needs to be done to become a real firefighter. In conclusion, he called on young viewers to take care of themselves, to follow the safety rules at home and on the street.
As a result of such activities, children develop the basic knowledge of fire safety and the ability to regulate their behavior in accordance with various emergency situations.
