Valve to oil cap ratio. What are oil seals and how to determine their wear

Every driver passenger car with an internal combustion engine must be able to distinguish signs of wear of valve stem seals, since otherwise the development and hardening of valve seals is fraught with a number of consequences. If the problem is identified in time, then without any problems you can buy a puller for cracking and replace rubber-metal parts even without removing the head.

How valve seals work

Valve stem seals, as they are called in the common people, are installed directly on the valve stems, are a combination rubber clip and a steel bushing designed to increase the rigidity of the structure. When the valve opens, the cap covers it, preventing oil from flowing into the cylinder. Of course, a certain part of the lubricant still gets under the seal, but this is the norm - there is a natural lubrication of the assembly. Over time, the elasticity of the part decreases, it shrinks, and there is an increase in the volume of leaking liquid. As a result, the oil "leaves", forcing you to top up to the norm more and more often.

Signs of wear on valve stem seals: how much oil the 1.8 engine takes

The first and foremost symptom of hardened, worn valve seals is overuse of engine oil. True, for some engines, the regulations allow noticeable deviations from the generally accepted norm of 200-300 ml per 1000 kilometers. So, turbocharged 1.8 engines installed on models of the Volkswagen AG auto concern (Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda, Seat) legally require topping up with lubricant up to 500-700 ml for every thousand kilometers. A similar situation develops around PSA Peugeot Citroën engines developed jointly with BMW (also installed on Mini models) - passport data speak of a “norm” of 1000 ml of engine oil, which must be added to the engine every 1000 km.

Things like this highlight the importance of knowing "your" oil consumption. If power unit between service operations consumes significantly more than the recommended values, then this is a serious reason to think about replacing valve stem seals.

The second sign of oil leaving the cylinders due to the loss of caps of their condition is bluish-gray smoke from exhaust pipe, which can be clearly seen in the first minutes of engine operation and further when shifting gears, while pressing the accelerator pedal. Also eloquent evidence of the above problem are oil deposits on the threaded part of the spark plug. When the pressure in the combustion chamber rises, the mixture supersaturated with oil is partially squeezed out through microscopic gaps. For example, through the thread of a candle, where the gap is no more than 0.3 mm. Under influence high temperature gasoline from the mixture evaporates, leaving behind a fair "reserve" lubricant. Indirectly indicates the death of the caps and dark soot on the electrodes.

Exactly the same soot appears on the cylinder walls. And if you ignore the problem, then one day, due to plaque, the valve will simply burn.

Video tips for checking for oil fat

How to understand that you need to replace the caps, and not the engine piston system

It is very easy to confuse signs of drying out of valve seals and the development of a cylinder-piston group. In both cases, the problem matures after 200,000 km, often occurs on used cars that were bought without proper diagnostics. Moreover, zhor oil, blue smoke characteristic of both diseases. That's just hardened valve stem seals do not affect the compression rate, which usually drops with wear piston rings, the walls of the pistons and cylinders themselves. If the car consumes too much oil (from 1 liter per 1000 km), but the compression in the cylinders is normal, then 90 out of 100 are caps.

An additional check is made on a running engine with the cover unscrewed. oil filler neck: a motor requiring CPG repair should have smoke from the neck, while worn caps do not cause this.

The price of a cracker puller Toyota, Volkswagen, Audi and the principle of its operation

An integral attribute of replacing valve stem seals on any engine, be it a Lexus or a VAZ, is the so-called cracker. Is it branded or universal (suitable for motors various brands) a tool for clamping valve springs, without which it is not possible to carry out repairs. The principle of operation of the cracker remover is quite simple: the cracker is attached to the engine body with reference points, with the help of mechanical pressure on the plate, the valve return spring is clamped, which allows you to dismantle the crackers.

It should also be noted that universal pullers are often not so multi-tasking - some designs are suitable for motors with an ONV, ONC, HV layout, others are designed specifically for servicing Opel SOHC engines, etc. Should be clarified this moment before buying an instrument.

Dryer price:

• for overhead valve engines - from 3500 rubles;
• for OHV, OHC, CHV engines - from 2000 rubles;
• a comprehensive set of tools for cracking down on engines of Toyota Camry, Volkswagen Golf, Mitsubishi Lancer, etc. - 20,000 rubles.

A cracker, as in the photo, is an essential attribute of replacing valve stem seals on any engine

Change without removing the head: the cost of a repair kit Ford, Mazda, Nissan

In the official service, experts usually insist on the option of replacing caps, which involves removing the cylinder head. So it is much easier to dismantle / install oil seals, and everything spent on fuss with Cylinder head time is paid by the client. Thus, a decent amount of money accumulates. But if you do not reach the removal of the “head”, then you will need less nerves, time, you will not have to spend money on laying cylinder head and new bolts. When accessing a cracker (it is not necessary to buy - you can, for example, temporarily borrow from a friend), the matter remains small. It is necessary to purchase a set of branded or non-original valve stem seals.

The cost of the original repair kit (valve seals):

• Toyota Camry 2.4 - 1300 rubles;
• Ford Focus 1.8 - 1500 rubles;
• Volkswagen Golf 1.6 - 1800 rubles;
• Nissan Qashqai 2.0 - 1500 rubles;
• BMW X3 2.5i - 2200 rubles;
• Mazda 6 1.8 - 1600 rubles.

Replacing MSC with Mitsubishi Lancer IX 1.6

Consider the step-by-step process of replacing valve seals with Mitsubishi Lancer 1.6 ninth generation without removing the cylinder head.

• The ignition coils are dismantled, after which the candles are unscrewed.
• After unscrewing the six bolts, the valve cover is removed
  The hoses are disconnected.
• To prevent the hydraulic lifters from falling out, they can be fixed with wire or plastic clamps.
• It is necessary to unscrew 13 bolts securing the rocker arm axles. The axles are removed as an assembly without turning over (to avoid oil leakage from the compensators).
• So that the crackers do not fall into the pan, the engine holes are clogged with foam rubber, clean rags.
• Using marks on the pulley and head, TDC is set in the first and fourth cylinders.

• The biscuit remover is attached with one part to the valve head body, the second part rests against the plate, which allows you to release and remove the biscuits with tweezers.
• After removing the plate with the spring, access to the cap appears.
• The dismantling of the cap itself should ideally be done using a special removable device. But in the absence of such, you can adapt to work with pliers. However, in the absence of delicacy, it is easy to damage the valve guide.
• Before swapping the old and new caps, it does not hurt to check the valve itself for play.
• The new cap, lubricated with oil, is pressed with a suitable mandrel - you can use a 10 mm wrench.
• The spring and plate are returned to their place, with the help of tweezers and a puller, crackers are put back.
• The replacement of the MSC in the remaining two cylinders is carried out after turning the pulley along the marks and setting the TDC.
• It is highly desirable to tighten the bolts of the rocker axles torque wrench in compliance with the values ​​\u200b\u200brecommended by the automaker (50 Nm).

Features of replacing caps on a 16-valve VAZ Priora

To gain access to the caps on the Priore, you will first have to unscrew the candles from the wells, dismantle the ignition coils, and also remove throttle assembly. After that, it will be possible to unscrew the bolts valve cover to remove the rocker arms and actually replace the MSC with a puller. In general, the alignment is the same as in the case of Lancer: TDC is set in the cylinders, crackers and springs are removed, new seals are installed, and reassembly is in progress. As a rule, the whole complex of works takes from the performer from 8 to 12 hours.

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In order for the car engine to work properly for as long as possible, and also so that the consumption of oil and gasoline does not increase, it needs timely preventive maintenance or repair. To such mandatory procedures also applies to valve stem seals. Next, we will talk in detail about valve seals and consider what these parts are. In this article, we will answer questions on what grounds you can use to determine the need to replace valve stem seals and how to change valve stem seals with your own hands.

Read in this article

General information about valve stem seals

Oil seals (seals) are part of the oil distribution mechanism in the engine. The presence of oil is the main condition for work. But it doesn't have to be everywhere. For example, during its rotation it is always in oil mist. But there should be no lubrication in the combustion chambers. There only fuel-air mixture, which burns out. If oil is added to it, then combustion will worsen, which will affect the increase in gasoline consumption.

Removal of coke deposits and soot in the engine: available ways. Self flushing motor without opening, mechanical cleaning of the engine.

If the engine consumes an increased amount of oil and smokes when you press the gas pedal, then you should prepare to replace the valve stem seals. Let's talk about when they should be changed and what signs of wear.

signs of wear

Let's explain why caps are needed. Their purpose is to keep excess engine oil out. They should fit snugly against the valve and allow only the small amount of oil needed for lubrication to pass through. Made from special rubber, which is not afraid of high temperatures.

Over time, the valve stem seal begins to break down, rubber ages, loses elasticity and peel off from the base. It starts leaking oil. Consequently, the consumption of engine oil is increasing. As a rule, on domestic cars the replacement interval is 80,000 kilometers. For modern motors this period can be increased by 2-3 times due to the use modern materials and good engine oil. These conditions are relevant, unless there is an overheating of the engine or oil starvation.

Does the car engine have an increased oil appetite? Does the engine consume more than 1 liter per 1000 kilometers? Is there blue smoke coming out of the exhaust pipe? These are the first signs of wear on the valve stem seals. Of course, you can not think about a major overhaul if you have not decreased dynamic characteristics and no increase in fuel consumption.

These problems can be solved by replacing the caps and do it yourself. You will need a garage and a repair tool - the most necessary is a valve cracker puller. You can find it at an auto tool store.

Video instruction

We will not go into the procedure for replacing engine caps. Detailed operation can be found in technical guidance for repair. In addition, everything is explained there in an accessible, thorough and with pictures. For example, a video showing the replacement process is the easiest way.

To complete the work, you will need special tool- a device for "drying out" the valves. Execute without it this work fail. On the Internet you can find drawings and make your own. It's easier to buy a ready-made tool in a car shop.

The great danger of replacing caps lies in wait when trying to “dry out” the valves. For this purpose there is special device, one end of which is fixedly attached, and the other - presses on the plate, while compressing the valve return spring. Then you should remove the "crackers" from the valve. It is better to do this with a magnetic screwdriver or long tongs. be careful, if you lose the "rusk", then the process reassembly will be impossible. In practice, these small "crackers" can fly out in an unknown direction, and then it is difficult to find them.

Also, you need to close all the holes on the engine with foam rubber so that “cracker” or dirt does not get there. When installing a new cap, do not forget to pre-lubricate it with engine oil.

The operation to change worn valve stem seals can be done independently, but experience and tools are required. If there is no knowledge, then it is better not to take up the case. The price is not high, so entrust this operation to the masters.

The combustion chamber of the car must be protected from foreign substances and elements entering it. Valve stem seals are responsible for this, the task of which is to prevent excess oil, chips and other “garbage” from entering the combustion chamber during the movement of the car’s valve stems. If the valve stem seals have ceased to cope with their tasks, they must be urgently replaced in order to avoid the occurrence of carbon deposits on the engine elements, as well as increased consumption oils. In this article, we will look at what signs indicate valve stem seals are worn, why they wear out, and how to replace them without removing the cylinder head.

Why are valve stem seals needed?

The operation of the engine involves the non-stop operation of the elements of the gas distribution mechanism of the car. To reduce their wear due to friction, oil is supplied to the timing, which should not be in the combustion valve, otherwise it will be broken stable work motor. During valve operation, valve stem seals take on the task of removing excess oil and act as an obstacle, preventing oil from entering the combustion chamber.

Valve stem seals are arranged quite simply, and we can name 3 main components of which they consist:

• Base. A sleeve made of steel, which is the frame of the cap and gives it strength;
• Spring. It is necessary to create the most snug fit of the edges of the cap to the stem;
• Cap. The main element of the part, made of rubber or recycled plastic (older models). Its task is to remove excess lubricant from the valve stem.

It is worth noting that over the past decade, valve stem seals have changed a lot in terms of the materials used. Since their failure can lead to big problems, manufacturers strive to use the most durable and wear-resistant materials that are resistant to aggressive environments.

Service life of valve stem seals

It is easy to guess that valve stem seals need to be changed from time to time. The valve performs more than 1000 cycles per minute, and on each valve stem seals must be removed excess oil to prevent it from entering the combustion chamber. It should also be borne in mind that the temperature in the area of ​​operation of the valve stem seals is high, and the environment itself is aggressive: oil and exhaust gases.

Due to the influence of a lot of factors, valve stem seals begin to become unusable over time - the cap rubber cracks, peels off, and loses elasticity. Over time, the spring begins to press the cap less tightly against the walls, due to which oil begins to enter the combustion chamber.

On average, the resource of valve stem seals good quality is at the level of 100,000 kilometers. If the car has been idle for several years, it is recommended to replace the valve stem seals before starting to operate it, because during downtime they have time to dry out a lot.

Signs of wear on valve stem seals

If you recognize the wear of valve stem seals at an early stage and replace them in time, you will be able to avoid serious problems with engine. The primary signs of failure of valve stem seals are as follows:

• Thick blue or white smoke comes out of the car exhaust;
• Significantly increased oil consumption;
• There is carbon deposits on the spark plugs.

When the signs of wear of the valve stem seals described above appear, it is urgent to inspect them, as well as check the gas distribution mechanism and valves. If there are signs of heavy wear on the valve stem seals, they must be replaced, otherwise:

• The engine power will start to decrease;
• The car will stall for Idling, or the revolutions will begin to “float”;
• The compression in the engine will decrease;
• There will be deposits on the pistons and cylinders, and the valves will no longer provide tightness due to poor closing.

Nagar on engine elements is a direct road to a fast overhaul. Timely replacement valve stem seals on new ones will help to avoid this.

How to replace oil seals without removing the cylinder head

If the problem with the wear of the valve stem seals was detected in time by the driver, he can replace them without removing the cylinder head. In a situation where the solution to the problem has been delayed, it will be necessary to dismantle the parts in order to remove carbon deposits from the pistons and valves.

Depending on the car model and engine, the process for replacing valve stem seals will vary. But there are several main stages common to all machines:

If there is a possibility that the valve stem seals were faulty for a long time, you will need to remove the cylinder head and carry out a full replacement, with cleaning the engine elements from carbon deposits.

October 3, 2016

The car, as well as the human body, has its own resource of trouble-free nursing. The appearance of small, minor damage indicates preparatory stage. The owner should be more careful technical inspection to make minor changes. But not all owners are in a hurry to immediately go to the service station and spend money. The second option is preferred - sale vehicle. Modern "kulibins" are able to disguise minor breakdowns in such a way that you can find out about them a few months after purchase. So, what to do if you have acquired such a "Trojan horse"? We will discuss this and much more below.

Look for a problem in the valve seals

Availability exhaust gases of blue color indicates the ingress of engine oil in excess of the norm into the combustion chamber. Note that this is only about gasoline engines. Diesels have a characteristic black exhaust, and this is the norm. But gasoline unit it can also sometimes give out “soot”, the reader will ask a question. Quite right. Then look for a breakdown in fuel system. As a rule, this is a hit of a significant amount of fuel that does not have time to burn to the end. The rest is simply thrown into the exhaust manifold.

So, we decided that the valve stem seals should be removed. The part is used to balance the stroke of the guide sleeve and the axis of the valve stem. Repairing an element for each car has a number of nuances. Yes, at domestic manufacturer Zhiguli until 2000, the element was made of durable non-reinforced plastic. Later models have rubber base with a metal ring for crimping around the perimeter. What's new: the duration of the service life has been increased to 100 - 130 thousand km. mileage, the level of risk of unbalance of the rod and bushing is significantly reduced. Foreign cars have slightly more mileage, which is 200,000 km. run. Untimely replacement can cost the owner of a VAZ 1l. / 1000 km. engine oil mileage.

To the knowledge of motorists. On cars of the VAZ brand, oil scraper caps from foreign cars Ford, Opel, Seat can be installed. Construction and dimensions are identical. It is best to install relatives, those prescribed by the manufacturer. To do this, we carefully look at the operating instructions for the car, in case of its absence, we scroll through Internet sites. There is plenty of information. Before buying, be sure to check the dimensions of the seat socket, the width of the hole. It is allowed to exceed the height by 0.5 mm. Otherwise, the mechanism will not be able to fully function.

Repair work

On the example of VAZ, it looks like this. The cylinder head (cylinder head) should be removed for convenience. Some auto mechanics have gotten used to carrying out repair work without removing the cylinder head.
Tools:

• Solder with a diameter of 0.8 cm;
• Medical tweezers;
• Mandrel for pressing bushings;
• Screwdriver with a flat tip;
• Valve and spring puller;
• Standard set of cap, open-end wrenches.

In the absence of any tool, it can be freely purchased at any auto shop. The cost is not high, so the costs will be minimal, but for many years.

Removal instructions

Prevention is best done in free access: garage large sizes any level ground. viewing hole is not required, since we will not do anything below.

1. Be sure to disconnect the ground terminal from the battery. If there is a toggle switch, then you can use it.
2. The engine is off, the link is in the first speed position, the handbrake is pressed.
3. Unscrew the engine plate, remove air filter, cylinder head cover.
4. Unscrew toothed pulley located on the camshaft.
5. We take aside the bundle of electrical wiring for free access to the back cover of the head.
6. Very carefully remove the sealing ring from the valve stems. In case of their complete integrity, you can install it again.
7. Remove the bearing mounts on the camshaft. Don't lose the key. Be careful.
8. Turn the crankshaft to the top position dead center(MRI).
9. We compress the valve springs with a puller.
10. Using tweezers, we take out the "crackers". For convenience, you can use a magnetic pointer.
11. Spring plates, the springs themselves are removed.
12. The valve stem seals are compressed by hitting the striker against the bushing.
13. New parts are lubricated with oil, pressed into the bottom plate.
14. Assembly in reverse order.

Be sure to lubricate the head gasket with sealant for tightness. After completion of work, start the engine, run visual inspection for oil leaks. Tighten bolts and other fasteners if necessary. Drive the car at speed along the test track.

About what load the valve stem seals can withstand, the following reads. At idle crankshaft makes about 500-600 rpm, while moving 4000-4500 rpm. Accordingly, each valve makes 160 - 1250 cycles per minute. What frictional force should the seals withstand every minute. Not the last role is played by the environment, namely liquids and gases: engine oil, traffic fumes. Over time, the seal material becomes hard, not elastic, which leads to oil seepage into the combustion chamber, freewheel piston rod.

The first signs of a malfunction of the oil seals appeared, start repairing. Valve stem seals are best changed at certified auto service stations unless you have sufficient skills. Preventive work will take no more than 3-4 hours, provided that there is no additional repair. Install only high-quality, original products. Only then can you be sure that long work. Be sure to demand guarantee obligation from service station workers after repair. In the event of a problem, re-service will be free. Good luck on the roads.

Auto mechanic Maksimenko I.O.