In those areas where the Barmashstreet device will be installed, the formation of "traffic jams" is impossible in principle: the device will not allow the number of cars in the area to exceed the limit value determined by the calculated value. On them, cars can move at the maximum speed allowed in the city.

The proposed device allows you to create city ​​map a network of sites where at any time the absence of "traffic jams" is guaranteed. The network map will be published in the media, including the Internet. According to it, each driver will be able to choose a route along which a significant part of the journey will occur within the network, thereby protecting himself as much as possible from getting into traffic jams. The movement of the car within the network allows you to freely, at the estimated time, reach the final destination. The use of this traffic light device, which guarantees the complete absence of "traffic jams" on the roads, creates good prerequisites for the creation of a fully automated traffic control system in the city in the future. road transport. The entire road transport system of a large metropolis (however paradoxical it sounds at the present time) can be transferred to control from a single console.

The formation of "traffic jams" on the roads leads to high costs.

Many firms and government agencies are willing to invest heavily in the construction of additional roads and facilities that would eliminate traffic jams.

The main goal is to create such a system of urban traffic, which would be guaranteed the absence of "traffic jams". At the same time, the question of whether this system will be simple or complex, and, accordingly, cheap or expensive, is not even raised. The main requirement is a guarantee of the absence of "traffic jams" on the roads. Proposed measures (establishment of surveillance systems, restriction and prohibition of entry at certain times of certain types of vehicles, creation of reverse lanes traffic, the allocation of special routes for public transport, the simple expansion of existing roads and other similar measures) are not able to guarantee the absence of "traffic jams" on the roads. Currently, there are no universal ways to prevent traffic jams.

At the same time, the trend of exceeding the production of cars relative to the trend of building urban roads will continue in the coming years.

The creation in the foreseeable future of a mode of transport alternative to road transport is unlikely.

Impact of the global economic crisis on traffic congestion.

Let's analyze the impact of the global economic (including financial) crisis, which threatens to seize Russia as well, on the state of traffic jams.

The crisis will cause a reduction in car production at a number of enterprises. This will make cars more expensive. In connection with financial difficulties, both organizations and individuals, there will be a slight decrease in the sale of cars on credit. This will contribute to some reduction in the release of cars on the roads. The factor can be considered as positive for reducing the number of traffic jams.

At the same time, the result of the financial crisis will be a reduction Money allocated for the reconstruction, expansion and construction of new roads. This will have a negative impact on traffic jams.

It is difficult to accurately calculate in advance which of these factors will prevail. However, past experience with the state of roads in Russia suggests that road construction and reconstruction will continue to lag behind demand and, consequently, the financial crisis will deal another “blow” to traffic congestion.

Let's analyze what impact the volcanic dust that came out of an active volcano in Iceland in 2010 had on traffic jams. This led to the temporary closure of almost all airports in Europe. At the same time, the load on ground passenger transport services has increased, especially on intercity road (and rail) transport. Part of the passengers and cargo, which had previously been preferred to be transported by aviation, now had to be moved by road. The result is an increase in traffic congestion.

The situation can only get worse over time. In order to avoid ever-increasing and without that large material and other losses, it is urgent, already now, to take “fire measures” that would not allow bringing the situation with the movement of motor vehicles in cities to a crisis.

Traffic flow control system

At present, in the reports and reports of leaders in the field of transport, the expression “traffic flow control system has been created” is widely used.

In fact, we are talking only about a system for monitoring traffic flows, since the control system necessarily includes regulation of the traffic flow, and this, in turn, implies the presence of a feedback system.

It is necessary to constantly take into account the actual number of vehicles in the regulated area and constantly adjust the burn time of the enable signal depending on various variable factors.

Variable factors that during the working day as well as the season must be taken into account and for which the burn duration in the green signal duty cycle must be adjusted are:

Times of Day

road illumination

atmospheric phenomena (snow, rain, fog, ice)

grip on the road.

Now, when switching the traffic light signal only after a certain (mostly constant) time, such an adjustment does not occur. This negatively affects the optimality of the traffic flow. In the absence of flow controllability and the absence of data on the actual load of the section in this moment making such adjustments manually for each site is very difficult.

Elements of automatic adjusting the burning time of the permissive traffic light signal. What is the Internet for?

For the operation of the traffic flow control device (URTP), it is necessary to know the value of the maximum allowable throughput for each section.

This value is variable and depends on a number of constant and variable factors. This value must be in the comparison block. With it, the actual number of cars on the site is compared with the allowable number. If this value is exceeded, the green signal of the traffic light (letting cars into the area) switches to a red signal.

The value of the throughput of each section is not constant.

It depends: on the relief of the site; on the number of turns (turns); from the width of the plot; on the quality of the road surface.

These parameters are constant for a given section; they can be taken into account in advance and, using tables or coefficients, taken into account when calculating the theoretical throughput of a given section.

A number of parameters are variable: the grip of the wheel with the road (depending on the weather - ice, fog, rain).

These parameters cannot be taken into account in advance, they can change during the working day. The throughput of the section will also change. This variable must be transferred to the comparing element - after all, it depends on whether the green or red light will be on at the traffic light for the entry of cars into the section.

This variable is most conveniently transmitted to the comparison element using the Internet (or GLONASS, GPS). To do this, a receiving device is installed in the comparing element, and the signal is transmitted to it from a separate transmitter. It contains a program for accounting for variable factors depending on weather conditions.

For this purpose, the Barmashstreet device is specially equipped with an element for automatically adjusting the burning time of the permissive traffic light depending on changes in the above factors.

When installing this traffic light device on the roundabout highway, "plugs" will not form on it either. At the entrance to each section, a counter of the number of incoming cars is installed.

"Extra" cars that could create "traffic jams" on the ring road will not be allowed on the regulated section.

With the use of this device, it can be purely technical (and not administrative-prohibitive) measures to solve the problem of restricting entry into the territory of the metropolis and its environs for non-resident vehicles at certain intervals. Only such a number of cars are allowed through that will not create traffic jams. For each section of the ring road, the most favorable time for entering the ring road is determined (and published in advance).

The existing rules of the road, in essence, do not impose any restrictions on the maximum number of cars that can be simultaneously on a given site. At the same time, exceeding this number leads to the formation of a "plug".

Drivers entering this section are not aware of whether they are "extra" or not. Perhaps, knowing this, they would not currently seek to enter this section, which is at the limit in terms of throughput. But no one can provide them with such objective indicators at the present time. A "traffic jam" is formed when a large number of cars tend to enter the site at the same time. If this process is “spaced” in time, then a “plug” will not form in this area.

The Barmashstreet device allows you to determine the degree of loading of the site at any time and, if necessary, make its adjustment.

In order to prevent the formation of traffic jams due to the simultaneous start of traffic from the peripheral areas of the city in the direction of the center, the city authorities are taking measures, for example, to shift the start time of the working day for institutions located in the center. However, this quite reasonable measure has so far little effect on general condition with traffic jams in the city. It is impossible to legally prohibit the start of traffic in any direction in the city. It is necessary to take measures to ensure that drivers themselves refuse to start a trip at an “inconvenient” time.

Now, in the absence of regulated sections, drivers are trying to travel around the city as little as possible during the so-called "rush hours", i.e. hours of the greatest probability of getting into the "traffic jam". However, such "peak hours" are currently uncertain for each region, and even more so for each site. The range of their action over time is wide.

Non-contact car counting sensor

The proposed traffic light device for regulating the flux density barmashstreet uses a proximity sensor to count the cars that have entered the lot. This monitor is installed from above, above the flow of moving cars. For this sensor, it does not matter whether a car or a truck drove under it. Each of them will be recognized by the sensor as "one transport unit". The number of units matters. In case of installation this device there is no need to issue special, often legally insufficiently justified restrictions (or bans) on entering the city center trucks(except for environmental considerations), since now the presence of trucks in the regulated area does not create additional conditions for the formation of a "traffic jam". If there is an extensive network of density-controlled sections, a city map of such sections can be compiled and published, indicating the most favorable time for traffic for each of them. Drivers will be able to (or with the help of the appropriate computer programs) to calculate and select the optimal time to reach the final destination. A network of density-controlled sections may only come into operation for a certain period of time, at certain times of the day, or under certain conditions. weather conditions. The rest of the time, these sections can operate in the mode of conventional traffic lights. Only such a number of cars is allowed on the regulated section, which does not exceed the calculated throughput of the section.

We will break down the entire road system into separate sections.

Since the number of cars and the number of roads is very large, it is advisable to switch to a virtual system when characterizing each of these objects.

Each section is assigned a personal an identification number.

Each site is assigned a personal name - a personal identification number. For each section, the main indicators (length, maximum throughput) must be predetermined. Each site can be found at any time using the Internet and its main parameters are indicated.

The location of each vehicle on the site at any point can be accurately determined using the GLONASS system.

Each car, except for the usual number (for registration with the traffic police), must have an officially registered, individual number on the Internet, by which it can always be found in order to receive or transmit the required information to it.

Each car has a device that allows signal transmission to the Internet, and allows you to receive a signal from the Internet. This device starts working when the car engine is turned on. It comes with the car when it is sold.

The following information is received from the car: the location of the car (determined, for example, using the GLONASS system);

technical data of the car (brand, registered number in the traffic police);

driver information;

vehicle speed at the moment.

Each site was previously assigned a personal name - a personal identification number.

At any time, on each site, the location of any car registered on the Internet can be found and its main parameters indicated.

Information is sent to the traffic light at the entrance of cars to this section: whether additional cars will be “superfluous” in terms of the throughput capacity of this section.

To be able to determine (to generate) this information, the Barmashstreet device is used, equipped with entry registration elements, as well as automatic means of quantitative accounting of transport units in a given section, allowing at any time to determine the actual number of vehicles in a given section, compare it with the allowable number and adjust the flux density.

After determining the number of cars that have entered a given section and comparing it with the allowed number, it becomes clear whether it is possible at the moment to allow additional cars to enter it or no more, i.e. allow further burning for admission to the site green traffic light or not.

All of the above restrictions apply only to areas where traffic jams can form. The remaining sections do not have to be included in the system. They can work as usual.

The transport system of the city will have a fundamentally different character.

After installation (introduction) on the roads of the traffic light device Barmashstreet transport system cities will have a fundamentally different character.

On those roads where the Barmashstreet traffic light device will be installed, the formation of "traffic jams" is impossible in principle: the device will not allow the number of cars on the site to exceed the limit value determined by the calculated (design) value. "Extra" cars will not be allowed on the site. This is ensured by a counter of the number of incoming cars and a device that constantly compares the total number of cars in the area with their allowable number.

Thus, the use of the Barmashstreet device on a large scale (for the entire transport system of the city) will allow the city to:

create a network of regulated flow sites;

create and publish a city map of the network of sections, where the absence of "traffic jams" is guaranteed at any time;

to create in the future in the city a fully automated traffic control system for road transport;

it is possible to solve the problem of restricting entry into the territory of the metropolis and its environs of non-resident vehicles at certain intervals by purely technical (rather than administrative-prohibitive) measures;

the system of road transport of a large metropolis can be transferred to control from a single console.

This will not reduce the overall capacity of urban roads.

The network of density controlled sections will not reduce the overall capacity of urban roads.

Due to the absence of "traffic jams" and an increase in the number of sections capable of operating in the "green wave" mode, the average speed of vehicles will increase and may approach the maximum allowable speed for urban conditions. This significantly improves road performance. Using the "green wave" mode improves the ecology of the city. The risk from the experimental introduction of the device is minimal (or reduced to zero). Implementation is carried out using currently working traffic lights. When this device is connected to them, these traffic lights, in addition to regulating traffic in the traditional way, get the ability to carry out their work, taking into account the workload of those sections to which they belong.

What can be a consequence of the introduction of the device?

Let's consider what will happen to the transport, which, due to congestion, will temporarily not be passed by traffic lights to areas where traffic jams can form. When will this vehicle be able to reach its destination?

Traffic jams steal our time, reduce our quality of life and increase our spending. Every day, getting stuck in a traffic jam, we scold our authorities for roads, signs and traffic organization, but it doesn’t get any better. What do you think needs to be done to solve the problem once and for all? We invite you to find out what is needed for this.

In fact, it is still possible to solve the problem of traffic jams, despite the opinion of many experts that there will always be traffic jams. , which in turn negates all actions to increase the capacity of the road network. In fact, to solve the problem of traffic jams, technology and a sound approach to the problem are needed.

In general, of course associated with many reasons. But the authorities of large cities are also not sitting idly by and are taking various actions to increase road capacity. Unfortunately, many strategies for solving traffic jams are approved for many years and are not adjusted for a long time, despite the fact that the traffic situation can change dramatically very often. Therefore, many measures to reduce the number of traffic jams lead to a short-term effect. However, there are many possible solutions, which can be done today to alleviate the situation on the roads of large cities.

Autonomous vehicles

Undoubtedly, traffic jams are often caused by the drivers themselves, due to their wrong actions on the road or due to an accident. For example, if a driver drives too slowly in the fast lanes, it slows down the entire traffic flow. Also, when changing lanes, many drivers often violate traffic rules by changing lanes without turning on the turn signal, which causes other drivers to brake hard, causing a chain reaction of speed reduction. Including drivers often do not yield to each other on the road, or drive the car too aggressively, which naturally leads to a violation of the capacity of the lane.

In the event that vehicles with automatic driving will become widespread in major cities, then this will increase the throughput of roads, since electronics, driving a car, will not allow traffic violations, will not allow the car to drive too slowly or change lanes aggressively. Autopilot will reduce the character individual driving, will make all the maneuvers of the car smooth and predictable.

Self-driving cars will completely remove the human factor. This will increase vehicle safety and minimize traffic violation, Based on data from sensors that collect information about traffic, which are installed on poles in many cities, you can individually configure the autopilot of the car, for optimal operation machine that will not impede flow deceleration.

Traffic jams are inherently also formed due to shortages, many of which are not able to provide a massive flow of cars. As a rule, in such traffic jams, many drivers, trying to get through the traffic jam as soon as possible, violate. But in practice, such drivers do not win anything, but interfere with other road users.

Unfortunately, despite the availability of technology autonomous cars, in the future, before self-driving cars become the standard in the automotive industry, it is necessary in many countries to decide legal aspects. For example, determine the measure of responsibility in the event of an accident. There are also disadvantages of these cars. If self-driving cars become massively popular, then many drivers will be out of work.

However, sooner or later, self-driving cars will drive on the roads, and then traffic will become somewhat easier.

Electronic systems that synchronize cars on the road

As a rule, in cars with a system of interaction with other cars, it is installed special equipment, which transmits data to another vehicle and to the central traffic control. , which is responsible for this technology, analyzes the speed of the car, the distance to another car. Thus, the car always knows its distance from other vehicles.

Besides electronic system car can warn the driver about traffic events.

Here's how it works: Vehicles using special program connect with each other. This allows the driver to know in advance the situation on the road, which is transmitted from the cars that drive ahead. The driver, aware of the unforeseen situation on the road ahead, will slow down to pass dangerous area at minimum speed. In addition, with such technology, it communicates with the traffic control center. In the event of a slowdown in the speed of cars due to an accident, the traffic control center quickly receives information about the problem on the road.

Cars with an electronic information exchange system will increase the capacity of roads, due to the fact that cars will be able to drive much closer to each other and for more fast speeds, without the risk of falling into .

Also thanks centralized system tracking cars, will allow you to quickly respond to any incidents on the roads of large cities.

Including with this system, the entire transport system of road traffic can be integrated. For example, traffic lights equipped with buttons for pedestrians can be connected to it. When the button is pressed, the system will warn all vehicles that are approaching the traffic light to slow down.

This will make traffic safer and more predictable.

For self-driving cars and vehicles that communicate various information to each other to become commonplace, much more needs to happen. Despite the availability of technology, research in this area continues.

Active traffic monitoring

When you drive on the highway in any large modern city, as a rule, an intelligent traffic control system follows you, using various sensors. Of course, the system does not monitor every car, but in general the average speed of the flow of cars on the road. Based on the average traffic speed, the traffic lights at the intersections work to more efficiently pass traffic through the traffic lights.

Also, the traffic monitoring system can generate certain information messages for drivers, which are displayed on special screens installed on the roads. This is especially useful during the morning and evening rush hour when there is the busiest traffic. On such screens, the average speed of movement at the intersection of streets, etc. can be displayed.

Drivers, upon seeing the message, may decide to avoid difficult areas ahead, which will reduce traffic congestion.

Also this system able to warn of an accident ahead. This allows drivers to be warned of dangers on the road, which will reduce the risk of re-collision with the car.

Intelligent road marking

At the moment, this is still under development, but, nevertheless, we hope that it will begin to be implemented in many cities around the world (including Russia). It is noteworthy that this technology was developed by the Russian company Razmetkus. The technology is an interactive road marking that can send a warning to the driver about the danger. It is worth noting that warning information is collected and transmitted to each car individually. So the markings on the road can inform the driver about an accident, turns, signs, settlements and o condition pavement. If the vehicle is equipped with the image projection function, Windshield, similar hints coming from the interactive road markings will be projected directly in front of the driver on the windshield.

Smart GPS/Glonass navigation

Every year GPS navigation gets better and better. Some car navigation equipment may . And this gives hope that in the future navigation systems will develop and offer drivers much more functions than they do now. Most likely, navigation systems will soon work together with the car's computer. Integration with the car will become even deeper, which will allow you to control the navigation system with your voice, without the use of special commands (like Apple's Siri system). In fact, we will communicate with our car navigation, which will build us the best routes, taking into account road traffic.

Traffic light coordination

This is especially true where one-way traffic is introduced with a minimum number of intersections. In fact, this system is already used in many large cities in Russia and other countries of the world. So traffic lights are adjusted in such a way as to provide a "green" wave of traffic. Also, with the help of motion sensors that are installed along the entire length of the street, the average speed of movement is monitored. Taking into account the intensity of the traffic flow, the mode of operation is automatically changed. Even on a parallel street with one-way traffic in the other direction, all traffic lights are also synchronized to ensure a uniform traffic flow that prevents traffic jams.

According to some reports, such a setting of traffic lights allows you to increase average speed traffic by 20 percent, reducing travel time by 20 to 30 percent.

Reversible traffic lanes

At first glance, such reversible ones do not play a special role in unloading road traffic in the city. But if we are talking about rush hour, then such lanes are an indispensable solution, especially where there is no way to expand the street of the city. Depending on the time of day, part of the road changes its direction of movement, helping the main lanes of the highway to pass a lot of car traffic. The throughput of a part of the road is increased by reducing the throughput of the other part of the road.

In some cities around the world, in order to ensure maximum safety on reversible roads in morning hours special barriers are installed separating the encountered lanes. In the evening, the barriers are displaced.

Smooth exits and exits on the highway

At the moment, reconstruction work is underway in Moscow and other large cities of our country, which will reduce traffic jams at exits to major highways. Unfortunately, many of our roads were built without taking into account the huge increase in cars, which leads to huge traffic jams these days. The fact is that many exits on the highway are not thought out and do not have long lanes, which makes it difficult to freely enter the highway. This creates huge traffic jams at the exits, especially in the morning and evening, when traffic increases several times.

Correct markup

Competent markings, which strictly correspond to the established road signs on the road, also provide a solution to traffic jams. In our country, unfortunately, a huge part of the roads do not have high-quality markings (often they are completely absent on the pavement). This creates huge problems for optimal movement cars. Particularly incorrect markings confuse newcomers on the road, who start to get confused, which leads to a chain reaction.

Toll lanes

Recently, the Moscow authorities announced that it is planned to introduce paid lanes on the territory of Moscow, which will help unload the streets of the city. Many cities around the world have had toll lanes for a long time. Typically, this is a public transport lane that always travels faster than the main lanes during rush hour. For example, in Moscow at the moment only public transport and official taxis With yellow numbers. It is not yet known which traffic lanes will become paid in Moscow, but, apparently, the Moscow authorities have taken foreign experience and therefore, most likely, existing public lanes will become paid lanes.

Public transport

Despite all the technological solutions, in order to get rid of traffic jams, the most The best decision it is public transport. This is recognized by the authorities of all major metropolitan areas in the world. The development of public transport in cities certainly facilitates traffic situation. If you think that this will not help, then it is not. Consider that on average a small city bus can carry 50-70 people. Imagine that all these are people who have cars, but have given up on them for commuting. This is a huge number of cars that will not drive on city roads during rush hour.

The leadership of all major cities in developed countries has been developing public transport for many years and promoting the benefits and benefits of using it. Unfortunately, our authorities have only recently paid attention to the importance of public transport in reducing traffic jams.

At last, the leaders of many cities realized that if they develop a decent public transport network that can get to work faster, people will sooner or later give up traveling to work during rush hour in their cars.

No one will argue with the fact that cars have become not only our assistants, but we have become their hostages. Indeed, sometimes traffic jams paralyze our streets so much that it is easier to get where we need to go on foot than to move on by car. But the problems are not only in the number of cars, but also in the behavior of road users on the road. So, having already left under the flashing green at the intersection, you can eventually block the movement of the perpendicular lane without missing a single car for the entire traffic light signal for this direction.
Undoubtedly, this will cause not only traffic jams from the accumulated cars, but also the indignation of the people in them, and according to the letter of the law, such actions will be considered an administrative offense.

That's exactly what the fine threatens the driver if he blocked the intersection, that is, he left and created a traffic jam on it, we'll talk in this article.

What is an intersection or where stopping at it would be considered a congestion

Crossroads - a place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, opposite, the beginnings of the curvature of the carriageways, which are the most distant from the center of the intersection. Exits from adjacent territories are not considered intersections

To better understand what this very intersection is, take a look at the picture. In fact, the red square on it is the same intersection, according to the above definition.

But what about the congestion, that is, the definition of what it is, everything is much worse. Since there is no such definition of traffic rules and it remains only to speculate whether those two cars are already a traffic jam or another one, or maybe two more, will fit in ...

What article regulates the penalty for congestion at the intersection

For this case, an article was found in the Code of Administrative Offenses. So the article for creating interference at the intersection, after the driver had already turned red, and he could not pass because of the vehicle in front, is Article 12.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation “Violation of the rules for crossing intersections”. The article actually provides for punishment not only for congestion, but also for ignoring priority at the intersection, but that's not about that now. What we are interested in is punishment for congestion. In this case, part 1 of this article will apply. We will quote this part verbatim in our next paragraph.

Penalty for creating a traffic jam at an intersection (12.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, part 1)

So, what does Article 12.13, part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation say ...

Driving to an intersection or crossing the carriageway in the event of a traffic jam that forced the driver to stop, creating an obstacle to the movement of vehicles in the transverse direction - entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 1000 rubles.

Now everything has fallen into place. From this text it becomes clear what the driver must do, and what will eventually be considered a congestion. That is, here you can understand why they can apply such a measure of administrative responsibility.
So, if the driver creates an obstacle for other vehicles moving perpendicularly, then this will be a continuation of the traffic jam. Let us turn to the "Basic Provisions" of the SDA (paragraph 1.2) in order to fully understand what an "Obstacle" is. From the traffic rules, you can find out that ...

"Obstacle" - an immovable object on a traffic lane (a faulty or damaged vehicle, a defect in the roadway, foreign objects, etc.), which does not allow you to continue driving along this lane.

A traffic jam or a vehicle that has stopped in this lane in accordance with the requirements of the Rules is not an obstacle.

Here, if you read carefully, it may seem that the text is a tautology when the traffic jam is not an obstacle. At the same time, a driver who violates the rules should clearly become part of this traffic jam, because he drove into it and got up there, but the traffic jam is not an obstacle from the definition in the traffic rules, which is referred to in 12.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation ... Very interesting reading !!!

However, stopping at an intersection following a traffic jam is already a violation. That is, it is worth understanding the situation in this way. As if the traffic jam itself, and the driver after the traffic jam itself. He became an obstacle, but not in the congestion. Here we must also give an excerpt from traffic rules 13.2

It is forbidden to go to an intersection, crossing carriageways or a section of an intersection marked with marking 1.26, if a traffic jam has formed ahead along the route, which will force the driver to stop, creating an obstacle for the movement of vehicles in the transverse direction, with the exception of turning right or left in cases established by these Rules.

As for markup 1.26, let's say that this is the markup that came to us in April 2018. The people immediately nicknamed her "waffle iron". There is even a sign for it 1.35

Actually the markup itself looks the same as on the sign. That is, until 2018 it was completely impossible to go to the intersection during traffic jams, and now only to the one that has markings. This is actually quite confusing! Why was everything done!? After all, even so it was impossible to go to the intersection if there was a traffic jam, and since 2018, markings 1.26 have also been added. Although apparently in the country it is necessary to put yellow paint somewhere!

Summing up the topic "Penalty for driving to an intersection during traffic jam"

It remains for us to recall that the creation of a traffic jam at an intersection is not only an administratively punishable action, but also leading to practical inconvenience for all road users. That is why, despite the fact that perhaps you are not afraid of liability in the form of a fine, still think about others. After all, this negative human factor is already difficult to measure in money. You will hardly save time, but you will create decent problems. So first think carefully about whether to go to the intersection if you are not sure that you will pass it at the traffic light.
So, in order not to "get on a fine" for sure, the driver must drive to the stop line, make sure that it will be possible to cross the intersection at the traffic light, and then drive through the intersection. If something does not work out of this, then it is necessary to stand until the driver is confident in such an algorithm of actions.

Is it possible to avoid a fine for congestion at an intersection or pay it with a 50 percent discount

Question - answer on the topic "Penalty for leaving the intersection during traffic jam if there is a waffle iron marking"

Question: What will be the penalty if the driver drove to the intersection and interfered with the perpendicular direction of traffic, creating a traffic jam?
Answer: A fine of 1000 rubles.

traffic jam, or traffic jam- congestion on the road of vehicles moving at an average speed significantly lower than the normal speed for a given section of the road. When a traffic jam is formed, the capacity of the road section is significantly (up to 20 times or more) reduced. If the incoming traffic flow exceeds the capacity of the road section, the congestion grows like an avalanche.

Definition in Russian law

The Rules of the road in force in the Russian Federation do not contain a direct definition of the concepts of "congestion" and "traffic jam". Indirectly, paragraph 13.2 indicates one of the signs of a traffic jam when passing through an intersection - a situation where the driver is forced to stop at the intersection, "creating an obstacle to the movement of vehicles in the transverse direction." In order to avoid creating a "Christmas tree" traffic jam for all directions of traffic, entering the intersection in such an environment is prohibited, regardless of the traffic lights.

On January 1, 2006, a warning road sign "Congestion" was introduced in the Russian Federation, designed for temporary placement in front of forks, where drivers can choose the direction of the detour.

Causes of congestion

The cause of traffic jams is an increase in the density of the flow of cars as a result of the arrival of a flow of cars that exceeds their capacity due to an increase in traffic or a decrease in the capacity of the road. An increase in the influx of cars can be caused by:

• Mass seasonal migrations of the population to places of rest and back.
• Daily commute to and from work.
• The appearance of a stream of cars bypassing the road blocking site for the passage of motorcades or for holding public events without timely warning the population.

All these factors are random in time of occurrence and intensity.

The reasons for the reduction in throughput are divided into permanent and random.

Persistent causes of reduced throughput:

• Incorrect road design:
  • the presence of sharp narrowings, causing the appearance of uncontrolled intersections of trajectories with low throughput;
  • the presence of breaks in the road, forcing drivers to slow down to make a maneuver;
  • the absence of additional lanes for acceleration and deceleration of vehicles making turns and entering the road;
  • lack of "pockets" for public transport stops;
  • The presence of unregulated intersections, entrances and pedestrian crossings;
• The presence of roundabouts, which are unregulated intersections for car flows;
• Parking and stopping of cars on the roadway outside special pockets;
• The presence of traffic lights with a large number of phases of work and a short duration of phases.
• The inconsistency of the work of traffic lights, leading to traffic stops at all intersections.

Permanent causes can be eliminated by the reconstruction of the road and changing the organization of traffic on the road.

random factors, causing a decline bandwidth:

• Violations of the rules of rebuilding and movement with low speed in the left lanes of the road
• Rebuilding through several lanes; turns from straight lanes
• Road closure for officials
• traffic accidents
• Unfavorable driving conditions forcing drivers to slow down:
  • Weather conditions (fog, rain, hail, snow, ice)
  • Man-made problems (for example, smoke from fires)
• Road repair or cleaning during rush hours

It should also be noted factors that aggravate the already formed congestion and impede its resolution:

• Departure to an intersection, behind which a traffic jam has already formed, which leads to the spread of traffic jam to the crossing road;
• Attempts to bypass the traffic jam by individual traffic participants in lanes not intended for movement in this direction, as well as on roadsides, sidewalks and dedicated tram tracks, resulting in a congestion where they return to the correct lane;

The influence of random factors with certain preventive measures can be significantly reduced.

Negative effects of congestion

• A sharp decrease in the capacity of the road.
• Violation of the work of emergency and operational services.
• General increase in travel time, causing economic damage due to loss of time, delays;
• Unpredictability of travel time;
• Increased fuel consumption, emission of harmful substances;
• Increased vehicle wear;
• Noise increase;
• Stress for drivers and passengers;
• Increasing accident rate;

Congestion Prevention

Congestion prevention measures can be summarized in the following categories: increasing capacity, regulating road access, and preventing situations that lead to the occurrence and development of congestion. Not all congestion prevention measures are suitable for all situations: certain measures in some cases may not only be ineffective, but also have the opposite effect.

Increasing road capacity

• Establishment of work public transport, especially off-street. Public transport has a greater carrying capacity than private transport. But in order for residents to use public transport more often, it is necessary to ensure sufficient convenience of use, including comfortable travel conditions, optimal schedule, sufficient speed and stability;
• Intersection improvements:

• Separate traffic lanes for vehicles with higher transport efficiency:

• public transport
• cars with several passengers (for example, using the method of shared commuting, carpool),
• motorcycles, scooters and bicycles;

• Reverse lanes, which can "widen" the road during busy hours. The direction of movement is regulated by light signals or mechanical barriers.
• reduction in the number of intersections (junctions):

• additional traffic lanes on the road for acceleration and deceleration of vehicles entering or turning onto adjoining roads,
• at multi-level interchanges, if it is not possible to equip the lanes of acceleration and rebuilding, constructively separate the lanes for exits from the lanes for straight traffic and equip traffic lights on the lanes of exits, eliminating the formation of unregulated intersections and queues.
• local roads should adjoin the highway and then go to a certain object;

• multi-level interchanges with deceleration and acceleration lanes at all exits;

• Correct setting of traffic lights, centralized traffic control;
• Usage free space between machines or to the side of them for cycling or motorcycling. Since two-wheelers require significantly less width on the road, this method can create additional "virtual" lanes. Cons: in Russian conditions the cycling and motorcycling season is very short; Russian rules traffic contain a section "rules for the location of vehicles on the roadway", the observance of which makes it impossible to use this method.
• Road expansion- Creation of new lanes and new directions. This is a classic way to deal with congestion, but it is associated with high construction costs, and in most cases is inefficient (according to the Lewis-Mogridge postulate), and under certain conditions it can give the opposite result due to the need for some vehicles to change lanes more often. In addition, on a wide road, local narrowings are more dangerous (see Bottleneck), and a longer duration of a red traffic light is required.

Road access regulation

Access limitation to the road - the reverse way, designed to transplant some of the drivers to other modes of transport.

• Regulation of the arrival of cars from adjacent roads to the main roads with the help of traffic lights.
• Parking restriction reduces attractiveness. personal transport. In addition, even cars parked at intervals of 200 m on the extreme lane make it inaccessible to traffic, so a ban on parking along the edge of the carriageway can seriously unload the street. At the same time, it is important to provide an alternative: a sufficient number of parking spaces in residential areas, at enterprises and at stops of main public transport (metro, Light Rail etc.).
• Toll collection. Can be applied during limited hours or to certain categories of vehicles.

• « Driving quotas» - the issuance of a limited number of licenses to drive a car in the country, cars without such licenses cannot be used at all. With this method, it is guaranteed that their number will not exceed the calculated capacity of the roads, but the price of such licenses increases with demand, which makes the restriction socially unacceptable.
• « City quotas» - sale of a certain number of licenses to enter the city. Licenses are checked at checkpoints or simply as spot checks on city streets.
• Also, it is possible to establish paid entry to certain areas of the city, for example, to the center. This is practiced in London.

• Entry restriction- prohibit the movement of certain types of cars at certain hours or in a certain area.

• A ban on transit trucks often helps. Requires the creation of bypass roads for transit traffic.
• Many cities around the world restrict traffic depending on the day of the week, and use several types of license plates to control. Such a system is used, for example, in Athens, Mexico City and São Paulo. Weakness such a scheme is that more affluent citizens are able to buy several cars with different numbers and thereby bypass the limitation.

Restrictions on access should be approached with due caution: prohibitions that are too strict often lead to the fact that it becomes difficult to enforce them, and also gives rise to abuse.

Other Methods

• The introduction of one-way traffic. Two parallel streets organize one-way traffic in different directions. This measure helps in older areas with narrow streets. Sometimes traffic in one direction is organized along the main street, and in the other - along a secondary one. On the main streets, lanes of oncoming traffic are separated by a barrier. One-way traffic increases speed; when organizing one-way traffic along two parallel streets, it is often possible to win two lanes in each direction (one - due to a more compact arrangement of lanes; the second - due to the prohibition of parking on one side). Disadvantage: access to neighborhoods close to one-way streets is difficult.
• Shifted hours of operation. The working hours of some organizations can be planned so that their employees can get to the place of work during the quieter hours. It is also common to shift the opening hours of schools and universities. This method avoids sharp fluctuations in vehicle flows. Disadvantage: if the employee is released late, the evening is not available for meetings and communication. However, shopping and entertainment centers often, realizing this problem, work until late at night.
• Promotion of more careful behavior on the road. Frequent rebuilding from one lane to another and moving close to other cars reduces the capacity of the road and increases the likelihood of not only traffic jams, but also accidents. Some countries post road warnings or even sanction drivers for careless driving.
• The development of cycling designed not just for recreation, but serving as a replacement for vehicles. Bicycle stands, bike lanes, media campaigns and subsidies are effective for this. For example, in the Netherlands, all these efforts have led to a significant result: about 1/3 of all workers in the country get to the place on bicycles. Disadvantage: not effective in cold climates.
• Fencing accident sites to prevent the accumulation of curious drivers and prevent new accidents caused by them;
• Optimization speed limit - sometimes a decrease in the maximum allowed speed helps to increase the capacity of the road by reducing the distance between cars, as well as by reducing the accident rate. It is important not to underestimate the speed in this case, so that the throughput does not suffer from a decrease in it. Such a measure is practiced, for example, on the M25 London ring road.
• Facilitating the park-and-ride method("Intercepting parking"): residents of the suburbs and sleeping areas leave their cars on the so-called park and ride outside the city and beyond, they travel by public transport, a special shuttle bus, or together with a colleague in his car (carpool). Disadvantage: such trips must be organized in advance, besides, one of the participants in the carpool can change things at the last moment. The problem of traffic jams on access roads is not solved.
• Intelligent urban design, reducing the need for central arterial streets or providing access on foot. The method of placing city blocks in the form of a network, and not in the form of a tree structure, is called fused grid. Disadvantage: Metro traffic - the public transport with the highest capacity - will still pass through the central stations (hence the center will be the most attractive area for department stores and institutions);
• Allocation of separate lanes for public transport. For example, a separate lane for buses and taxis is widely used in many European and American cities;
• Timely notification of citizens about possible obstacles on the road: road closures, repair work ah, accidents and existing congestion. However, in the absence enough alternative directions of traffic, the congestion may spread to other streets;
• Application computer models roads and automated traffic control using these models;
• Use in the car of GPS-navigators with the function of updating the traffic situation.

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An excerpt characterizing a traffic jam

Rostov was silent.
- What about you? have breakfast too? They are decently fed,” continued Telyanin. - Come on.
He reached out and took hold of the wallet. Rostov released him. Telyanin took the purse and began to put it into the pocket of his breeches, and his eyebrows casually rose, and his mouth opened slightly, as if he were saying: “Yes, yes, I put my purse in my pocket, and it’s very simple, and no one cares about this” .
- Well, what, young man? he said, sighing and looking into Rostov's eyes from under his raised eyebrows. Some kind of light from the eyes, with the speed of an electric spark, ran from Telyanin's eyes to Rostov's eyes and back, back and back, all in an instant.
“Come here,” said Rostov, grabbing Telyanin by the hand. He almost dragged him to the window. - This is Denisov's money, you took it ... - he whispered in his ear.
“What?… What?… How dare you?” What? ... - said Telyanin.
But these words sounded a plaintive, desperate cry and a plea for forgiveness. As soon as Rostov heard this sound of a voice, a huge stone of doubt fell from his soul. He felt joy, and at the same moment he felt sorry for the unfortunate man who stood before him; but it was necessary to complete the work begun.
“The people here, God knows what they might think,” muttered Telyanin, grabbing his cap and heading into a small empty room, “we need to explain ourselves ...
“I know it, and I will prove it,” said Rostov.
- I…
Telyanin's frightened, pale face began to tremble with all its muscles; his eyes still ran, but somewhere below, not rising to Rostov's face, and sobs were heard.
- Count! ... do not ruin the young man ... here is this unfortunate money, take it ... - He threw it on the table. - My father is an old man, my mother! ...
Rostov took the money, avoiding Telyanin's gaze, and, without saying a word, left the room. But at the door he stopped and turned back. “My God,” he said with tears in his eyes, “how could you do this?
“Count,” said Telyanin, approaching the cadet.
“Don’t touch me,” Rostov said, pulling away. If you need it, take this money. He threw his wallet at him and ran out of the inn.

In the evening of the same day, a lively conversation was going on at Denisov's apartment among the officers of the squadron.
“But I’m telling you, Rostov, that you need to apologize to the regimental commander,” said, turning to the crimson red, agitated Rostov, the high headquarters captain, with graying hair, huge mustaches and large features of a wrinkled face.
The staff captain Kirsten was twice demoted to the soldiers for deeds of honor and twice cured.
"I won't let anyone tell you I'm lying!" cried Rostov. He told me that I was lying, and I told him that he was lying. And so it will remain. They can put me on duty even every day and put me under arrest, but no one will make me apologize, because if he, as a regimental commander, considers himself unworthy of giving me satisfaction, then ...
- Yes, you wait, father; you listen to me, - the captain interrupted the staff in his bass voice, calmly smoothing his long mustache. - You tell the regimental commander in front of other officers that the officer stole ...
- It's not my fault that the conversation started in front of other officers. Maybe I shouldn't have spoken in front of them, but I'm not a diplomat. I then joined the hussars and went, thinking that subtleties are not needed here, but he tells me that I am lying ... so let him give me satisfaction ...
- That's all right, no one thinks that you are a coward, but that's not the point. Ask Denisov, does it look like something for a cadet to demand satisfaction from a regimental commander?
Denisov, biting his mustache, listened to the conversation with a gloomy look, apparently not wanting to intervene in it. When asked by the captain's staff, he shook his head negatively.
“You are talking to the regimental commander about this dirty trick in front of the officers,” the headquarters captain continued. - Bogdanich (Bogdanich was called the regimental commander) laid siege to you.
- He didn’t siege, but said that I was telling a lie.
- Well, yes, and you said something stupid to him, and you need to apologize.
- Never! shouted Rostov.
“I didn’t think it was from you,” the headquarters captain said seriously and sternly. - You do not want to apologize, and you, father, not only before him, but before the whole regiment, before all of us, you are to blame all around. And here's how: if only you thought and consulted how to deal with this matter, otherwise you directly, but in front of the officers, and thumped. What should the regimental commander do now? Should we put the officer on trial and mess up the entire regiment? Shame the entire regiment because of one villain? So, what do you think? But in our opinion, it is not. And well done Bogdanich, he told you that you are not telling the truth. It’s unpleasant, but what to do, father, they themselves ran into it. And now, as they want to hush up the matter, so you, because of some kind of fanabery, do not want to apologize, but want to tell everything. You are offended that you are on duty, but why should you apologize to an old and honest officer! Whatever Bogdanich may be, but all honest and brave, old colonel, you are so offended; and messing up the regiment is okay for you? - The voice of the captain's staff began to tremble. - You, father, are in the regiment for a week without a year; today here, tomorrow they moved to adjutants somewhere; you don’t give a damn what they will say: “Thieves are among the Pavlograd officers!” And we don't care. So, what, Denisov? Not all the same?
Denisov remained silent and did not move, occasionally glancing with his shining black eyes at Rostov.
“Your own fanabery is dear to you, you don’t want to apologize,” continued the headquarters captain, “but we old people, how we grew up, and God willing, will die in the regiment, so the honor of the regiment is dear to us, and Bogdanich knows it. Oh, how dear, father! And this is not good, not good! Take offense there or not, but I will always tell the truth to the uterus. Not good!
And the captain's staff stood up and turned away from Rostov.
- Pg "avda, chog" take it! shouted Denisov, jumping up. - Well, G "skeleton! Well!
Rostov, blushing and turning pale, looked first at one officer, then at another.
- No, gentlemen, no ... don’t think ... I understand very well, you shouldn’t think so about me ... I ... for me ... I am for the honor of the regiment. but what? I’ll show it in practice, and for me the honor of the banner ... well, it’s all the same, really, it’s my fault! .. - Tears stood in his eyes. - I'm to blame, all around to blame! ... Well, what else do you want? ...
“That’s it, count,” the headquarters captain shouted, turning around, hitting him big hand on the shoulder.
“I’m telling you,” Denisov shouted, “he’s a nice little one.
“That’s better, Count,” repeated the captain of the staff, as if for his recognition he was beginning to call him a title. - Go and apologize, your excellency, yes s.
“Gentlemen, I’ll do everything, no one will hear a word from me,” Rostov said in an imploring voice, “but I can’t apologize, by God, I can’t, as you wish!” How will I apologize, like a little one, to ask for forgiveness?
Denisov laughed.
- It's worse for you. Bogdanych is vindictive, pay for your stubbornness, - said Kirsten.
- By God, not stubbornness! I can't describe to you the feeling, I can't...
- Well, your will, - said the headquarters captain. - Well, where did this bastard go? he asked Denisov.
- He said he was sick, zavtg "and ordered pg" and by order to exclude, - Denisov said.
“This is a disease, otherwise it cannot be explained,” said the captain of the staff.
- Already there, the disease is not a disease, and if he doesn’t catch my eye, I’ll kill you! Denisov shouted bloodthirstyly.
Zherkov entered the room.
- How are you? the officers suddenly turned to the newcomer.
- Walk, gentlemen. Mack surrendered as a prisoner and with the army, absolutely.
- You're lying!
- I saw it myself.
- How? Have you seen Mac alive? with arms or legs?
- Hike! Campaign! Give him a bottle for such news. How did you get here?
“They sent him back to the regiment, for the devil, for Mack. The Austrian general complained. I congratulated him on the arrival of Mack ... Are you, Rostov, just from the bathhouse?
- Here, brother, we have such a mess for the second day.
The regimental adjutant entered and confirmed the news brought by Zherkov. Tomorrow they were ordered to speak.
- Go, gentlemen!
- Well, thank God, we stayed too long.

Kutuzov retreated to Vienna, destroying the bridges on the rivers Inn (in Braunau) and Traun (in Linz). On October 23, Russian troops crossed the Enns River. Russian carts, artillery and columns of troops in the middle of the day stretched through the city of Enns, along this and that side of the bridge.
The day was warm, autumnal and rainy. The expansive vista that opened up from the elevation where the Russian batteries stood defending the bridge was suddenly covered by a muslin curtain of slanting rain, then suddenly expanded, and in the light of the sun objects, as if covered with varnish, became far and clearly visible. You could see the town under your feet with its white houses and red roofs, the cathedral and the bridge, on both sides of which, crowding, the masses of Russian troops poured. At the turn of the Danube one could see ships, and an island, and a castle with a park, surrounded by the waters of the confluence of the Enns with the Danube, one could see the left bank of the Danube, rocky and covered with pine forests, with a mysterious distance of green peaks and blue gorges. The towers of the monastery could be seen, standing out from behind a pine, seemingly untouched, wild forest; far ahead on the mountain, on the other side of the Enns, the enemy patrols could be seen.
Between the guns, at a height, stood in front the head of the rearguard, a general with a retinue officer, examining the terrain through a pipe. A little behind, sitting on the trunk of the gun, Nesvitsky, sent from the commander-in-chief to the rearguard.
The Cossack accompanying Nesvitsky handed over a purse and a flask, and Nesvitsky treated the officers to pies and real doppelkumel. The officers joyfully surrounded him, some on their knees, some sitting in Turkish on the wet grass.
- Yes, this Austrian prince was not a fool that he built a castle here. Nice place. What don't you eat, gentlemen? Nesvitsky said.
“I humbly thank you, prince,” answered one of the officers, talking with pleasure to such an important staff official. - Beautiful place. We passed by the park itself, saw two deer, and what a wonderful house!
“Look, prince,” said another, who really wanted to take another pie, but was ashamed, and who therefore pretended to look around the area, “look, our infantrymen have already climbed there. Over there, on the meadow, behind the village, three people are dragging something. "They're going to take over this palace," he said with visible approval.
“This and that,” said Nesvitsky. “No, but what I would like,” he added, chewing the pie in his beautiful wet mouth, “is to climb up there.
He pointed to a monastery with towers, visible on the mountain. He smiled, his eyes narrowed and lit up.
“It would be nice, gentlemen!
The officers laughed.
- If only to scare these nuns. Italians, they say, are young. Really, I would give five years of my life!
"They're bored, after all," said the bolder officer, laughing.
Meanwhile, the retinue officer, who was standing in front, pointed out something to the general; the general looked through the telescope.
“Well, it’s true, it’s true,” the general said angrily, lowering the receiver from his eyes and shrugging his shoulders, “it’s true, they’ll start hitting the crossing. And what are they doing there?
On the other side, with a simple eye, the enemy and his battery were visible, from which a milky white smoke appeared. Following the smoke, a long-range shot rang out, and it was clear how our troops hurried at the crossing.
Nesvitsky, panting, got up and, smiling, approached the general.
“Would your Excellency want to have a bite to eat?” - he said.
- It's not good, - said the general, without answering him, - ours hesitated.
“Would you like to go, Your Excellency?” Nesvitsky said.
“Yes, please go,” said the general, repeating what had already been ordered in detail, “and tell the hussars to be the last to cross and light the bridge, as I ordered, and to inspect the combustible materials on the bridge.
“Very well,” answered Nesvitsky.
He called a Cossack with a horse, ordered him to put away his purse and flask, and easily threw his heavy body onto the saddle.
“Really, I’ll stop by the nuns,” he said to the officers, who looked at him with a smile, and drove along the winding path downhill.
- Nut ka, where he will inform, captain, stop it! - said the general, turning to the gunner. - Get rid of boredom.
“Servant to the guns!” the officer commanded.
And a minute later the gunners merrily ran out of the fires and loaded.
- First! - I heard the command.
Boyko bounced 1st number. The cannon rang metallically, deafeningly, and a grenade flew whistling over the heads of all our people under the mountain and, far from reaching the enemy, showed the place of its fall with smoke and burst.
The faces of the soldiers and officers cheered up at this sound; everyone got up and took up observations of the visible, as in the palm of your hand, movements below our troops and in front - the movements of the approaching enemy. The sun at that very moment completely emerged from behind the clouds, and this beautiful sound of a single shot and the brilliance of the bright sun merged into one cheerful and cheerful impression.

Two enemy cannonballs had already flown over the bridge, and there was a crush on the bridge. In the middle of the bridge, dismounted from his horse, pressed with his thick body to the railing, stood Prince Nesvitsky.
He, laughing, looked back at his Cossack, who, with two horses in a lead, was standing a few steps behind him.
As soon as Prince Nesvitsky wanted to move forward, the soldiers and wagons again pressed against him and again pressed him against the railing, and he had no choice but to smile.
- What are you, brother, my! - said the Cossack to the Furshtat soldier with a wagon, who was pushing against the infantry crowded v the very wheels and horses, - what a you! No, to wait: you see, the general must pass.
But the furshtat, ignoring the name of the general, shouted at the soldiers blocking his way: “Hey! compatriots! keep to the left, stop! - But the countrywomen, crowding shoulder to shoulder, clinging with bayonets and without interruption, moved along the bridge in one continuous mass. Looking down over the railing, Prince Nesvitsky saw the fast, noisy, low waves of the Enns, which, merging, rippling and bending near the piles of the bridge, overtook one another. Looking at the bridge, he saw equally monotonous living waves of soldiers, kutas, shakos with covers, knapsacks, bayonets, long guns and from under the shakos faces with wide cheekbones, sunken cheeks and carefree tired expressions, and moving legs along the sticky mud dragged onto the boards of the bridge . Sometimes, between the monotonous waves of soldiers, like a splash of white foam in the waves of Enns, an officer in a raincoat, with his physiognomy different from the soldiers, squeezed between the soldiers; sometimes, like a piece of wood winding along the river, a foot hussar, orderly or inhabitant was carried away across the bridge by waves of infantry; sometimes, like a log floating on a river, surrounded on all sides, a company or officer's cart floated over the bridge, superimposed to the top and covered with skins, a wagon.

If you are a driver, you have probably seen a situation on the highway more than once when the movement of cars slows down, and then suddenly completely stops. A few minutes later, the flow of cars begins to move on not high speed again, and then traffic continues at the same speed. The strangest thing is that this happens in places where there is no road construction, there are no accidents and other obstacles to traffic. Why is this happening?

Various research groups have tried to answer this question, using complex mathematical calculations and real experiments. We offer to see the results of their work, which may have helped to find out the true cause of traffic jams from scratch. Also specialists have a solution, for nothing.

Why do phantom traffic jams form?

If there is heavy traffic on the highway, then any even minor disturbances in the flow can lead to a self-reinforcing chain reaction. For example, one car slowed down a little, and the next car slowed down a little more to keep the distance and avoid a collision. Behind him, another car slowed down, which has to slow down even more. And so on. As a result, we see a slowdown in the movement of the lane, and sometimes in all lanes.

These movements are called deceleration waves for vehicles moving in the same direction in one or more lanes. This concept was invented by scientists from Temple University, USA. According to experts who conducted a study on the topic from scratch, the reason for such an interruption of a traffic wave is the inattention of drivers who are distracted on the road (talking on the phone, listening to loud music, etc.) and at the last moment notice that they are slowing down automobile. As a result, fractions of a second are lost and the driver has to brake harder, which causes the flow to slow down by inertia.

The worst thing is that even if the first cars that started the slowdown wave in the lane begin to move freely at high speed, the traffic slowdown wave continues for a certain time, stretching from 100 to 1000 meters. As a result, if the wave stretches for a long distance, we can see how at the end of the wave the cars come to a complete stop. Then, in turn, the cars begin to pick up speed again, and the cluster of cars begins to gradually disappear.

As a result, specialists from the American University came up with the concept of such waves, which they called "jamitons", in honor of the similar concept of soliton waves that modern physics studies. So experts using computer algorithms conduct tests that simulate the behavior of drivers on the road.

But not only American specialists are concerned about the problem of traffic jams that literally appear from scratch. For example, Japanese researchers have taken care of this problem and are conducting their own experiments. But the most amazing thing is that they also came to the same conclusion as the American scientists.

For example, using a real test, experts from Japan have established the cause of meaningless traffic jams. In order to recreate the intermittent traffic on the road in real life, experts gave instructions to drivers who were moving in a roundabout with a delay to slow down the car to maintain safe distance. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to completely simulate the deceleration of motion in the stream.

In total, 22 cars participated in the experiment, which were moving at a speed of 30 km/h.

See how easily waves of traffic reduction form in the flow of cars:

So who is the culprit of traffic jams?

On the one hand, it seems reasonable that these phantom traffic jams are the fault of the drivers themselves. As we have already said, American and Japanese researchers claim that where there are no obstacles, accidents, repairs, etc. due to the fact that many drivers exceed the speed limit on the highway, and in case of deceleration, they sharply press the brake pedal. As a rule, a rapid decrease in speed is associated with, but also distance.

Also, such meaningless traffic jams are formed not only due to non-compliance with speed and distance, but due to the rash actions of the driver. For example, seeing that the flow of cars on the road is quite dense, instead of gradually reducing the speed, many drivers begin to accelerate. It is noteworthy that this happens even if drivers see a red light ahead of them and a cluster of cars.

On the other hand, the behavioral factors of drivers will not be able to completely get rid of phantom traffic jams. Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology came to a similar conclusion. In their opinion, if all drivers change their behavior on the road and in a dense stream of cars, keep a long distance and do not accelerate just before the traffic light, where the red light is on, they will still form from time to time. Yes, of course, changing the behavior of drivers will improve the situation on the road, but not completely. Experts came to a similar conclusion as a result of computer simulation.

For example, if there is a very dense flow of cars on the road, then the behavior of drivers will not be able to completely eliminate the formation of a wave of congestion in the lane. Usually we tend to blame the traffic jams on the drivers who are moving with us in the general traffic flow. But in fact, computer simulations show that traffic jams can occur not only because of drivers.

How to solve the problem of traffic jams

It would seem that the problem of traffic jams that arise from scratch cannot be solved. But experts believe that you can still take some measures that will reduce the likelihood. For example, when designing freeways, it is necessary to eliminate frequent winding turns in order to reduce the likelihood of vehicles often slowing down on such sections.

A more innovative idea is the installation of autonomous intelligent LEDs that will limit the average speed and automatically change the maximum allowed speed for a certain amount of vehicles on a limited section of the road.

If on some highway, where there is often a dense flow of cars, several such signs are put up, then it will be possible to limit the speed of the flow, evenly distributing the total speed of the flow of traffic, preventing the formation of a wave that can lead to congestion.

By the way, similar ideas are already being applied in some countries as part of an experiment. And it must be admitted that the results of the experiment are successful. For example, according to the developers of such intelligent system, where electronic led signs speed, deceleration occurs gradually, not rapidly. As a result, in such areas they completely disappeared.

Finally, if we look to the future, then a comprehensive solution to the problems of traffic jams can be solved with the appearance on the roads of autonomous cars, which are currently being developed by many automotive companies. After all, such vehicles can, with high accuracy, using data on traffic accidents, automatically rebuild routes, paving the best path to the destination, and more correctly maintain the average speed and distance. The fact is that electronics drive a car more efficiently than a person.

It is planned that all autonomous machines will be in in electronic format transfer to others vehicles various information. For example, if due to dense flow traffic lane starts to slow down, autonomous car can inform all vehicles behind that it is already necessary to reduce the average speed. In theory, this should help smooth out before the slowdown turns into a real traffic jam.