SP 113.13330.2012
SET OF RULES
CAR PARKING
Updated version of SNiP 21-02-99 *
Introduction date 2013-01-01
Foreword
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation installed Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for developing sets of rules - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 N 858 "On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules"
About the set of rules
1 PERFORMERS: Open Joint-Stock Company"Institute of Public and Residential Buildings, Structures and Complexes" (JSC "Institute of Public Buildings"); Open Joint Stock Company "Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute industrial buildings and facilities" (JSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy")
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Architecture, Building and Urban Policy
4 APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 29, 2011 N 635/9 and entered into force on January 1, 2013.
5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and metrology (Rosstandart). Revision 113.13330.2011 "SNiP 21-02-99* Parking lots"
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet
Introduction
This set of rules has been developed in accordance with Federal Law of December 30 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical regulation on the safety of buildings and structures", Federal Law No. 23 November 2009 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain legislative acts Russian Federation", with the requirements of international and European regulatory documents, the use of uniform methods for determining performance characteristics and evaluation methods. Requirements were also taken into account. Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical fire safety regulations(Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384FZ) and codes of practice for the fire protection system.
Team of authors: OJSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (head of development - Candidate of Architecture, Prof. A.M. Garnets, Candidate of Architecture A.M. Bazilevich, Candidate of Technical Sciences A.I. Tsyganov); OJSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy" (candidate of architecture D.K. Leykina, candidate of technical sciences T.E. Storozhenko).
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design of buildings, structures, sites and premises for parking (storage) of cars and other motor vehicles. IN this document considers parking garages for cars and minibuses (hereinafter referred to as parking lots), see Appendix A.
1.2 This set of rules does not apply to garages intended for repair and Maintenance vehicles, as well as parking lots used to transport explosive, poisonous, infectious and radioactive substances.
GOST R 53301-2009 Fire dampers ventilation systems. Fire test method
GOST R 51631-2008 Passenger lifts. Technical requirements accessibility, including accessibility for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility
GOST R 52382-2010 Passenger lifts. Elevators for firefighters
GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area
SP 1.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Escape routes and exits
SP 2.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Ensuring the fire resistance of protected objects
SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire warning and evacuation control system. fire safety requirements
SP 4.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protected facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions
SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules
SP 6.13130.2009 Electrical equipment. fire safety requirements
SP 7.13130.2009 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire requirements
SP 8.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Sources of external fire water supply. fire safety requirements
SP 10.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. fire safety requirements
SP 12.13130.2009 Definition of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire hazard
SP 18.13330.2011 "SNiP II-89-80* Master plans for industrial enterprises"
SP 30.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.01-85* Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"
SP 32.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures"
SP 42.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements"
SP 43.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.09.03-85 Constructions of industrial enterprises"
SP 52.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-05-95* Natural and artificial lighting"
SP 54.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-01-2003 Residential multi-apartment buildings"
SP 56.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-03-2001 Industrial buildings"
SP 59.13330.2012 "SNiP 35-01-99 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility"
SP 60.13330.2012* "SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"
SP 104.13330.2012* SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of territories from flooding and flooding
* Currently official information publication is missing, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.
SP 118.13330.2012 "SNiP 31-05-2003 Public buildings for administrative purposes" and "SNiP 31-06-2009 Public buildings and structures"
SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03 Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities
SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality centralized systems drinking water supply. Quality control
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions are adopted in this set of rules:
3.1 car park (parking lot) parking garage): Building, structure (part of a building,
structures) or a special open area intended only for storage (parking) of cars and other motor vehicles.
3.2 car park with semi-mechanized parking:A parking lot in which vehicles are transported to storage places with the participation of drivers using special mechanized devices.
3.3 garages: Buildings and structures intended for the storage, repair and maintenance of vehicles.
3.4 parking garages: Buildings and structures intended for storage or parking of vehicles that do not have equipment for the maintenance and repair of vehicles, except for the simplest devices - sinks, inspection pits, flyovers. Parking garages can have full
or incomplete outer fencing.
3.5 deluge plant(from English drench - to irrigate): Sprinkler (sprayer) with an open outlet of automatic fire extinguishing systems.
3.6 mechanized parking: Parking lot in which vehicles are transported
V places (cells) of storage is carried out by special mechanized devices (without the participation of drivers).
3.7 above-ground open car park: A parking lot in which at least 50% of the area of the outer surface of the fences on each tier (floor) is made up of openings, the rest is parapets.
3.8 closed underground car park:Parking lot with external fences.
3.9 covered car park: Surface or underground car park with more than 50% of the outer enclosing structures bunded with soil, protruding above ground level.
3.10 flat car park: A special platform for open or closed (in separate boxes or metal tents) storage of cars on the same level.
3.11 underground car park: A car park that has all floors with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the premises.
3.12 storage room: The main parking space, which is not related to storage facilities by designation and use.
3.13 boarding floor: Floor of the main entrance to the car park.
3.14 maintenance posts (TO) and current repair (TR):Places with devices (inspection pits) for self-service of car owners.
3.15 ramp (ramp): An inclined structure designed to move cars between levels in multi-storey car parks. The ramp (ramp) can be open, i.e. uncoated and fully or partially walled, as well as closed, having walls and a coating that isolate it from the external environment.
3.16 permanent storage cars and other motor vehicles
(motorcycles, scooters, sidecars, mopeds, trailers, etc.): Long-term round-the-clock storage of motor vehicles in car parks assigned to specific car owners car places.
3.17 box-type car storage: Storage of cars in separate boxes, exit from which is carried out directly to the outside or to the internal passage.
3.18 storage of cars of the arena type:Car storage in the common hall with exit to the common internal passage.
3.19 ground floor: According to SP 56.13330.
4 Location of car parks
4.1 Placement of parking lots of cars and other motor vehicles (hereinafter referred to as parking lots) on the territory of urban and rural settlements, the size of their land plots should be provide for, taking into account the requirements of SP 42.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200, SP 18.13330, SP
43.13330 , SP 54.13330 , SP 118.13330 , of these rules.
4.2 Parking lots attached to buildings for other purposes must be separated from these buildings by fire walls. 1st type.
4.3 Parking lots built into buildings for other purposes must have a degree of fire resistance and a class of constructive fire hazard not less than the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard of the building in which they are built, and be separated from the premises (floors) of these buildings by fire walls and ceilings 1st type.
4.4 In buildings of class F 1.3, the built-in parking lot can be separated by a fireproof ceiling 2nd type, while the residential floors must be separated from the parking lot by a non-residential floor.
4.5 In buildings of class F 1.4, a built-in (attached) parking lot, accommodating one car of the owner of the house, is allocated with fire barriers in accordance with 6.11.4
SP 4.13130.
4.6 In car parks built into a building for other purposes or attached to it, in order to prevent the spread of fire, the distance from the car park openings to the bottom of the nearest window openings of a building for another purpose should be at least 4 m or fire-prevention filling of these openings (except for buildings of class F 1.4).
4.7 Placement of open and closed parking lots is not allowed in 1, 2, 3 belts of sanitary protective zones of water intakes for domestic and drinking purposes in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074, as well as in the buffer zones of rivers and reservoirs.
4.8 Under conditions of sufficient protection of the aquifer, it is possible to place parking lots in the 3rd sanitary protection zone in case of carrying out measures to protect aquifers from the penetration of chemical and bacterial pollution from the surface. Similar cases require mandatory approval from the state authorities
sanitary and epidemiological, water, geological and hydrological, environmental supervision.
4.9 Parking lots can be located below and / or above ground level, consist of underground and above-ground parts, including using the roof of these buildings, attached to buildings for other purposes or built into buildings of other functional purposes of I and II degrees of fire resistance, class of constructive fire hazard C0 and C1, with the exception of buildings of functional fire hazard classes F 1.1, F 4.1, and F 5 of categories A and B (according to SP
12.13130 ).
Underground car parks may also be located in undeveloped areas (under driveways, streets, squares, squares, lawns, etc.).
4.10 Buildings of class F 1.4 can be built into parking lots regardless of their degree of fire resistance. In buildings of class F 1.3, it is allowed to build in car parks for cars only with permanently assigned places for individual owners.
Under buildings of class F 1.1, F 4.1, it is not allowed to have parking lots.
4.11 Closed car parks for vehicles with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are not allowed to be built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level.
4.12 Distances from parking lots to other buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with SP 42.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200.
The distance from parking buildings with more than 300 parking spaces should be taken in accordance with the notes to table 10 of SP 42.13330. Minimum distances from bunded parking lots to buildings are not limited.
4.13 Storing vehicles for transport fuels and lubricants(Fuel) should, as a rule, be provided in open areas or in separate one-story buildings not lower than II degree of fire resistance class C0. It is allowed to attach such car parks to blind fire walls of the 1st or 2nd type of industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class C0 (except for buildings of categories A and B), provided that cars with a total capacity of transported fuels and lubricants are stored in the car park no more than 30 cars.
In open areas, storage of vehicles for the transportation of fuel and lubricants should be provided for in groups of no more than 50 vehicles and the total capacity of these materials should not be
more than 600 m. The distance between such groups, as well as to storage areas for other vehicles, must be at least 12 m.
The distance from the storage areas for vehicles for the transportation of fuels and lubricants to the buildings and structures of the enterprise should be taken according to SP 4.13130 in relation to warehouses of flammable liquids (flammable liquids), and to the administrative and amenity buildings of this enterprise - at least 50 m.
4.14 For cars of low-mobility groups of the population (MGN), places should be provided according to SP 59.13330.
4.15 When determining the size of the land plots of parking lots, one should adhere to joint venture
42.13330 .
4.16 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings, it is allowed to install built-in and built-in parking lots for cars and motorcycles in compliance with the conditions of SanPiN
2.1.2.2645 .
4.17 The smallest distances to the entrances and exits from parking lots should be taken, m:
according to SP 59.13330.
4.18 Closed parking lots for cars with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level, are not allowed.
5 Space-planning and Constructive decisions
5.1.1 The capacity of parking lots (number of parking spaces) is determined by calculation and reflected in the design task. In cases where a car park is being reconstructed, added or built in, it is required to take into account the features of the existing building.
5.1.2 Open parking on a roof in operation without installing a canopy is not taken into account when calculating the above-ground floors; when installing a canopy, it is included in the number of above-ground floors and requires the installation of looped dry pipes. Parking lots on the operated roof must be provided with emergency exits. The installation of temporary shelters for vehicles on the operated roof is not allowed.
5.1.3 Car parking can be carried out:
a) with the participation of drivers - along ramps (ramps) or using freight elevators;
b) without the participation of drivers - by mechanized devices.
5.1.4 The parameters of car storage areas, ramps (ramps) and driveways in the parking lot, the distances between cars in storage places, as well as between cars and building structures are set by the project depending on the type (class) of cars,
storage method, vehicle dimensions, their maneuverability and placement, taking into account.
5.1.5 The dimensions of the parking place should be taken (taking into account the minimum allowable safety clearances) - 5.3x2.5 m, and for disabled people using wheelchairs - 6.0x3.6 m.
5.1.6 Categories of premises and buildings for the storage of vehicles in terms of explosion and fire hazard should be determined in accordance with SP 12.13130. Parking spaces can be classified as B1-B4, car parking buildings - as category B (with the exception of cars with engines running on compressed or liquefied gas).
5.1.7 The degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard, the permissible number of floors and floor area within the fire compartment of underground car parks, closed and open above-ground car parks should be taken in accordance with the requirements SP 2.13130.
5.1.8 It is allowed to provide in parking buildings: service premises for service and duty personnel (control and cash desks, control room, security), sanitary facilities (including those adapted for MGN), a storeroom for customers' luggage, as well as public telephones and passenger elevators. Their necessity, composition and area are determined by the project, depending on the size of the parking lot and the features of its operation.
The specified premises, including the premises of the combined engineering systems, must be separated from each other and from the vehicle storage room by fireproof partitions of the 1st type. Exits from these rooms are allowed through the car storage rooms.
The composition and area of \u200b\u200bthe premises provided for the performance of certain types or groups of maintenance and current repair of vehicles are determined by the technological requirements given in.
It is allowed, according to the design assignment, to include administrative premises as part of parking lots, as well as a storage room for components.
5.1.9 When arranging places for unloading vehicles in car parks, it is allowed to provide them in separate rooms equipped with automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing and isolated from the car park premises by fireproof partitions 1st type; entry into these premises with the number of places of unloading no more than two is allowed through the premises of the parking lot. The planning decision should exclude the possibility of storing goods, containers, etc. in the named parking lots.
5.1.10 In car parks with 50 or more places for permanent and temporary storage of cars with the main at the entrance-exit, a checkpoint should be arranged (rooms for cleaning equipment, service personnel, a toilet, etc.), a platform for storing fire fighting equipment, and installing garbage containers should be equipped.
5.1.11 In the premises of the arena storage of cars owned by citizens, it is allowed to use a mesh fence made of non-combustible materials to allocate permanently fixed places.
5.1.12 Premises for car storage may be provided without natural
lighting or with insufficient biological effect of natural lighting.
5.1.13 When designing car parks that provide for storage LPG vehicles, i.e. with engines operating on liquefied petroleum gas - (LPG) and compressed (compressed) natural gas - (CNG), should be taken into account Additional requirements to these premises, buildings and structures contained in And .
5.1.14 Premises for storing gas-balloon vehicles should be provided in separate buildings and structures of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance of class C0.
Premises for storage of passenger gas-cylinder vehicles can be located on the upper floors of separate parking lots with cars running on gasoline or diesel fuel.
5.1.15 Premises for storage of LPG vehicles are not allowed to provide:
a) in the basement and underground floors of car parks;
b) in closed-type above-ground car parks located in buildings for other purposes;
c) in elevated car parks of a closed type with non-insulated ramps;
d) when storing cars in boxes that do not have direct access to the outside of each box.
5.1.16 The relationship of parking spaces with premises for other purposes (not included
V car park complex) or adjacent fire compartment is allowed through vestibule locks with air overpressure in case of fire and deluge curtains over the opening from the side of the parking lot with automatic start in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.
5.1.17 In accordance with SP 59.13330 in parking lots, it is necessary to provide measures for their accessibility for people with limited mobility. It is recommended to provide parking spaces for MGN in above-ground car parks on the first above-ground floor.
5.1.18 Above-ground car parks may be provided with a height of no more than 9 floors (tiers), underground - no more than 5 floors (tiers). When determining the number of storeys of a building, the basement floor should be considered the above-ground floor.
5.1.19 Multi-storey car parks with a height of more than 10 m must have exits to the roof of buildings
in accordance with .
5.1.20 The height of the premises (the distance from the floor to the bottom of protruding building structures or utilities and suspended equipment) for storing cars and the height above ramps and driveways should be 0.2 m higher than the height of the highest car, but not less than 2 m. At the same time, the type of cars placed specified in the design assignment. The height of the passages on the evacuation routes of people must be at least 2 m.
CAR PARKING
Updated edition
SNiP 21-02-99*
Moscow 2012
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for developing sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. "On the Development Procedure and approval of codes of practice”
About the set of rules
1 PERFORMERS: Open Joint Stock Company "Institute of Public and Residential Buildings, Structures and Complexes" (JSC "Institute of Public Buildings"); Open Joint Stock Company "Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Industrial Buildings and Structures" (OJSC "TsNIIpromzdaniy"), Open Joint Stock Company "Moscow Research and Design Institute of Typology, Experimental Design" (OJSC MNIITEP); Limited Liability Company (LLC) "Car Parking Complexes"; LLC "Interstroyservice INK"; OJSC "NIIMosstroy"
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Architecture, Building and Urban Policy
4 APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 29, 2011 No. 635/9 and entered into force on January 01, 2013.
Change No. 1 was approved by the Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Minstroy of Russia) dated April 17, 2015 No. 291 / pr and entered into force on _________ 20__.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision 113.13330.2011 "SNiP 21-02-99* Car Parking"
Paragraphs, tables, applications that have been amended are marked in this code with the sign - "*"
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
Introduction
This set of rules was developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 30, 2009 "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", Federal Law No. 261-FZ of November 23, 2009 "On Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” and Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” and sets of rules for the fire protection system”, with the requirements of international and European regulatory documents, using uniform methods determination of performance characteristics and evaluation methods. The requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” (Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ) and sets of rules for the fire protection system were also taken into account.
Change #1 was done by:
OJSC MNIITEP: Doctor of Architecture, prof. Yu.V. Alekseev, Dr. tech.. Sci., Prof., RAASN Advisor I.S. Shukurov; OOO Automotive Parking Complexes: I.N. Zhdanov; Interstroyservice INK LLC: Dr. Economy. Sciences V.V. Aladin, Chief Engineer I.A. Mikhailyuk; JSC "NIIMosstroy" Dr. tech. Sciences V.F. Korovyakov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences B.V. Lyapidevsky, Yu.I. Bushmitz, L.N. Kotova
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
Team of authors: JSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (development manager - Candidate of Architecture, prof. A.M. Garnets, cand. architecture A.M. Bazilevich, cand. tech. Sciences A.I. Tsyganov); OJSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy" (candidate of architecture D.K. Leikin, cand. tech. Sciences THOSE. Storozhenko).
SET OF RULES
| CAR PARKING Parkings |
Introduction date 2013-01-01
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design of buildings, structures, sites and premises for parking (storage) of minibuses and motor vehicles (motorcycles, motorcycles with a sidecar, scooters, mopeds, scooters, etc.) with their reduction to one design form ( passenger car) in accordance with clause 11.19 of SP 42.13330.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
1.2 This set of rules does not apply to garages intended for the repair and maintenance of vehicles, as well as to parking lots of vehicles used to transport explosive, poisonous and radioactive substances.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
2 Normative references
(New edition. Change No. 1)
4.6 For car parks built-in or attached to buildings of another class of functional fire hazard (except for buildings of class F1.4), the distance from the entrance-exit of the car park to the bottom of the nearest overlying window openings of a building for another purpose should be provided in accordance with 6.11.8. SP 4.13130.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.7 Placement of open and closed parking lots is not allowed in 1, 2, 3 belts of sanitary protection zones of water intakes for household and drinking purposes in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074, as well as in the protection zones of rivers and reservoirs.
4.8 Under conditions of sufficient protection of the aquifer, it is possible to place parking lots in the 3rd sanitary protection belt in case of carrying out measures to protect aquifers from the penetration of chemical and bacterial pollution from the surface. Such cases require mandatory coordination with the state sanitary and epidemiological, water, geological and hydrological, environmental supervision.
4.9 Parking lots can be located on a specially equipped open flat area, below and / or at ground level, consist of underground and ground parts (under buildings in the underground, basement, basement or lower floors), on an operated flat roof, attached to buildings for other purposes or build into a building of another functional purpose in accordance with SP 4.13130, SP 154.13130.
Underground car parks may also be located in undeveloped areas (under driveways, streets, squares, squares, lawns, etc.).
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.10 Buildings of class F 1.4 can be built into parking lots regardless of their degree of fire resistance. In buildings of class F 1.3, it is allowed to build in car parks for cars only with permanently assigned places for individual owners.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.11 Closed parking lots for vehicles with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are not allowed to be built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level.
4.12 Distances from car parks of various capacities to buildings and territories, educational organizations, medical institutions, playgrounds and places of recreation for the population, public sports facilities in residential areas should be taken in accordance with Appendix B. The distance from residential and public buildings to car parks with the number more than 300 parking spaces should be taken in accordance with the notes to table 10 of SP 42.13330.
When placing underground, semi-underground parking lots in residential and public buildings, as well as for bunded parking lots, the distance from the entrance-exit to a residential or public building is not regulated.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.13 For underground, semi-underground and bunded car parks, the distance from the entrance-exit and from ventilation shafts to the territories of schools, kindergartens, medical institutions, residential buildings, recreation areas, etc. is regulated, and it should be at least 15 m.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.14 For cars of low-mobility groups of the population (MGN), places should be provided in accordance with SP 59.13330.
4.15 The size of land plots for car parking should be determined according to SP 42.13330.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.16 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings, the construction of built-in and built-in-attached parking lots is allowed in compliance with the conditions of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.17 Entrances and exits from car parks must be provided good overview and located so that all vehicle maneuvers are carried out without interfering with pedestrians and traffic on the adjacent street.
The smallest distances to residential and public buildings, if necessary, are justified by calculations of atmospheric air pollution and acoustic calculations.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.18 Closed parking lots for cars with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level, are not allowed.
4.19 Fire distances from ground and ground-underground parking lots to residential and public buildings should be taken in accordance with the requirements of Section 4 of SP 4.13130, from the boundaries of open flat parking lots to residential, public or industrial buildings - according to paragraphs 6.11.2 and 6.11.3 SP 4.13130.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5 Space-planning and design solutions
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The capacity of parking lots (number of parking spaces) is determined by calculation and indicated in the design assignment.
5.1.2 When calculating the floors of a car park, an operated flat roof without installing a canopy is not taken into account, and if there is a canopy, it is included in the number of floors and looped dry pipes are installed in accordance with SP 10.13130. Car parks with an operated flat roof must be provided with emergency exits in accordance with SP 1.13130.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.3 Car parking can be carried out:
a) with the participation of drivers - along ramps (ramps) or using freight elevators;
b) without the participation of drivers - by mechanized devices.
c) with the participation of drivers and with the help of mechanized devices.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.4 Dimensions of parking spaces are taken taking into account the minimum allowable safety gaps, the distances between cars in parking lots and building structures are set in the project depending on the type (class) of cars in accordance with Appendix A, and for disabled people using wheelchairs according to SP 59.13330.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.5 The dimensions of the parking place should be taken (taking into account the minimum allowable safety clearances) - 5.3 × 2.5 m, and for disabled people using wheelchairs - 6.0 × 3.6 m.
5.1.6 Categories of premises and buildings for storing vehicles in terms of explosion and fire hazard should be determined in accordance with SP 12.13130. In the absence of calculations, the requirements for premises - in accordance with 6.11.11 SP 4.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.7 The degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard, the permissible number of floors and floor area within the fire compartment of underground parking lots, closed and open ground car parks should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 2.13130, SP 154.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.10 In parking lots with 50 or more places for permanent and temporary storage of cars at the main entrance-exit, a checkpoint (rooms for cleaning equipment, maintenance personnel, toilets, etc.) should be arranged, a site for storing primary fire extinguishing equipment should be equipped , personal protective equipment and fire tools, installation of garbage containers.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.11 In the premises of the arena storage of cars owned by citizens, it is allowed to use a mesh fence made of non-combustible materials to allocate permanently fixed places.
5.1.12 Premises for car storage may be provided without natural lighting or with insufficient biological effect of natural lighting.
5.1.13 When designing car parks built in areas with seismic activity of 7, 8 and 9 points, the requirements of section 9 of SP 14.13330 must be observed.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.14 Premises for storage of gas-balloon vehicles should be provided in separate buildings and structures of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance of class C0.
Premises for storage of passenger gas-cylinder vehicles can be located on the upper floors of free-standing parking lots with cars running on gasoline or diesel fuel.
5.1.15 Premises for storage of LPG vehicles are not allowed to provide:
a) in the basement and underground floors of car parks;
b) in surface parking lots of a closed type located in buildings for other purposes;
c) in closed-type surface car parks with non-insulated ramps;
d) when storing cars in boxes that do not have direct access to the outside of each box.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.16 The relationship of parking spaces with other premises (not included in the parking complex) or an adjacent fire compartment "(section) should be carried out in accordance with SP 4.13130 parking lots with automatic start in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.20 The height of the premises (the distance from the floor to the bottom of protruding building structures or utilities and suspended equipment) for storing vehicles and the height above ramps and driveways should be 0.2 m higher than the height of the highest vehicle, but not less than 2 m. the type of vehicles to be placed is specified in the design assignment. The height of the passages on the evacuation routes of people must be at least 2 m.
5.1.21 From each floor of the fire compartment of car parks (except for mechanized car parks), at least two dispersed evacuation exits should be provided directly to the outside, to stairwells or to the stairs of the 3rd type. It is allowed to provide one of the emergency exits on an isolated ramp. The passage along the sidewalks of the ramps to the mezzanine in the stairwell can be considered evacuation.
From each fire compartment on the floor, at least 1 - 2 entrances and exits to a closed ramp or outside should be provided. One of the specified exits (entrances) is allowed to be provided through an adjacent fire compartment.
5.1.22 The permissible distance from the most remote storage location to the nearest emergency exit in underground and surface car parks should be taken in accordance with Table 33 of SP 1.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.23 In multi-storey car parking buildings, the transverse and longitudinal slopes of the floors of each floor, the location of ladders and trays should be provided taking into account measures to prevent possible spillage of liquids (fuel, etc.) through the ramp to the floors located below.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.24 Inclined floors should have a slope of no more than 6%.
5.1.25 In buildings of multi-storey car parks, elevators must comply with the requirements of GOST R 52382.
In parking lots with storage of up to 50 parking spaces, it is allowed to install one freight elevator, up to 100 parking spaces, at least two freight elevators, more than 100 parking spaces - according to the calculation.
The doors of the elevator car shaft should be at least 2650 mm in width and at least 2000 mm in height, the internal dimensions of the cabin - in accordance with GOST R 53771. The dimensions of the cabin of one of the passenger elevators must ensure the transportation of MGN using wheelchairs, in accordance with GOST R 51631.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.26 Exits from the built-in car parks, their communication with other parts of the building, the arrangement of general mine elevators must comply with the requirements of SP 1.13130, SP 4.13130.
All built-in and built-in-attached premises that are not related to the parking lot (including car shops, etc.) must be separated from the parking space by fire walls and type 1 ceilings and designed in accordance with current regulations.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.27 In multi-storey buildings of car parks, ramps (ramps), inclined floors or special elevators (mechanized devices) should be provided for the movement of cars.
When using structures having a continuous spiral floor, each complete turn should be considered as a tier (floor).
For multi-storey car parks with mezzanines, the total number of floors is defined as the number of mezzanines divided by two, the floor area is defined as the sum of two adjacent mezzanines.
5.1.28 The number of ramps and, accordingly, the number of required exits and entrances in car parks are determined depending on the number of cars located on all floors, except for the first one (for underground parking - on all floors), taking into account the mode of use of the car park, the estimated traffic intensity and planning solutions for his organization.
The type and number of ramps are accepted with the number of vehicles:
a) up to 100 - one single-track ramp with the use of appropriate signaling;
b) up to 1000 - one double-track ramp or two single-track ramps;
c) over 1000 - two double-track ramps.
Entry (exit) from the underground floors of the car park through the car storage area on the ground or basement floors is not allowed.
5.1.29 Marches of evacuation staircases and stairs of the 3rd type must have a width of at least 1 m.
5.1.30 In surface car parks, non-isolated ramps are allowed in accordance with the requirements of 6.11.16 SP 4.13130.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.31 Ramps in car parks must meet the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal slope of straight ramps along the axis of the traffic lane in closed unheated and open-type parking lots should be no more than 18%, of curved ramps - no more than 13%, the longitudinal slope of open (not protected from atmospheric precipitation) ramps - no more than 10%;
b) the transverse slope of the ramps should be no more than 6%;
c) on ramps with pedestrian traffic, a sidewalk with a width of at least 0.8 m with a curb with a height of at least 0.1 m should be provided;
d) devices for smooth interfaces of ramps with horizontal sections of the floor with a slope of more than 13%;
e) ensuring the minimum width of the carriageway of ramps: straight and curved - 3.5 m, the minimum width of the entrance and exit lane - 3.0 m, and on the curved section - 3.5 m;
f) compliance with the minimum outer radius of curved sections of 7.4 m.
5.1.32 In underground and surface car parks with a capacity of up to 100 parking spaces, instead of ramps, it is allowed to provide for the installation of freight elevators (elevators) for transporting cars.
When placing parking lots on two or more floors, at least two freight elevators are required in mines with air overpressure in case of fire, the enclosing structures of which must be with fire resistance limits not less than the fire resistance limits of interfloor ceilings.
The doors of elevator shafts of freight elevators must have a fire resistance rating of EI 60.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.33 Entry (exit) from the underground floors of car parks through the car storage area on the first or basement floor is not allowed.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.34 In car parks, at least one elevator should be provided for each fire compartment, which has the operating mode "transportation of fire departments".
5.1.35 For access to the ramp or to the adjacent fire compartment near the gate or in the gate, a fire door (wicket) should be provided.
The height of the gate threshold should not exceed 15 cm.
5.1.36 In the premises for storing vehicles at the exit (entry) points to the ramp or to the adjacent fire compartment, as well as on the surface (if a parking lot is located there), measures should be taken to prevent possible fuel spillage in case of fire.
5.1.37 Ramps (ramps) common for all floors of the car park, intended for entry (exit), with two or more floors of car parks, must be separated (be isolated) on each floor from the car storage rooms, fire barriers, gates, vestibules in in accordance with the requirements of SP 4.13130. In car parks, ramps common to all underground floors, as well as ramps connecting parking floors should be made in accordance with 5.2.17 SP 154.13130.
In one-story underground parking lots, it is allowed not to arrange a tambour-gateway.
In underground car parks, instead of tambour locks, before entering isolated ramps from floors, it is allowed to provide for the installation of type 1 fire gates with an air curtain above them from the side of the car storage room, by means of flat air jets from nozzle devices, with an air flow rate of at least 10 m /s, with an initial jet thickness of at least 0.03 m and a jet width of at least the width of the protected opening.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.38 In underground car parks with two underground floors or more, exits from underground floors to stairwells and exits from elevator shafts should be provided through floor locks with air overpressure in case of fire.
5.1.39 Passage from ramp to ramp through the floor is allowed:
a) in open car parks;
b) closed-type above-ground car parks;
c) in underground car parks with isolated ramps;
d) in unheated car parks.
5.1.40 In two-story buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance and one-story buildings of class C0, if there is an exit from each box directly to the outside, it is allowed to provide partitions between boxes made of non-combustible materials with a non-standardized fire resistance limit. At the same time, in these two-story buildings, the floors must be fireproof of the 3rd type. The gates in these boxes must also have openings of at least 300 × 300 mm in size for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting condition of the box.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.41 When dividing the floors of two-storey car parks with a fireproof ceiling and in the presence of isolated exits from each floor, fire safety requirements may be accepted for each floor as for a one-story building. Fire ceilings must have a fire resistance of at least REI 60. The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures that ensure the stability of the fire ceiling and the attachment points between them must be at least R 60.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.42 In ground parking lots of vehicles of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class of constructive fire hazard C0, equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system, it is allowed to provide instead of fire gates in isolated ramps, automatic devices (smoke screens) made of non-combustible materials with vertical guides and blocking the ramp opening by floor in case of fire, at least half of its height with an automatic water deluge curtain in two threads with a water flow rate of 1 l / s per meter of the width of the opening.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.43 Doors and gates in fire barriers and tambour locks must be equipped with automatic devices for closing them in case of fire. For the possibility of laying fire hoses in the lower part of the gate, it is necessary to provide a hatch with a self-closing damper measuring 20 × 20 cm.
5.1.44 The floor covering of the car park must be resistant to oil products and designed for dry (including mechanized) cleaning of premises.
The coating of ramps and footpaths on them must exclude slipping.
5.1.45 Car park elevators, except for those having the “transportation of fire departments” mode, are equipped with automatic devices that ensure their lifting (lowering) in case of fire to the main landing floor, opening doors and subsequent shutdown.
5.1.46 The fire resistance limit of building structures with fire protection of car parks is set in accordance with the requirements.
The fire hazard class of building structures is established in accordance with GOST 30247.2, GOST 30247.3 and GOST 30403.
The fire resistance limits of enclosing structures and doors (gates) of elevator shafts are defined in SP 2.13130, and for ramps of all types of parking in table 43 of SP 4.13130.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.47 Loads from fire protection means of building structures and fire protection systems should be taken into account in the calculations of building structures.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.48 For ground closed parking lots with a height of more than 15 m and underground parking lots with more than two floors (levels), at least one elevator with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg or more with the “transportation of fire departments” operating mode in accordance with GOST R 53296 should be provided.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.49 At parking lots for permanent storage of cars (except for those placed under residential buildings) with more than 200 parking spaces, it is necessary to provide for car washing with treatment facilities and a circulating water supply system; such parking lots should be designed in accordance with SP 32.13330.
5.1.50 The number of posts and the type of washing (manual or automatic) are accepted by the project from the condition of organizing one post for 200 parking spaces and then one post for every subsequent full and incomplete 200 parking spaces and are fixed in the design task.
The washing room may be located not lower than the first (upper) underground floor of the parking lot and separated from the car storage rooms by fire walls of the 2nd type.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.51 Instead of a washing device, it is allowed to use existing washing points located within a radius of no more than 400 m from the designed facility.
5.1.52 In underground parking lots, car wash, technical staff rooms, pump fire extinguishing and water supply, transformer rooms with dry transformers may be located not lower than the first (upper) floor of the underground structure. Placement of other technical premises of the underground car park (automatic pumping stations for pumping water when extinguishing a fire and other water leaks; water metering units, power supply premises, ventilation chambers, heating points, etc.) is not limited.
5.1.53 In the premises of buildings in which parking lots are built, the noise level must be ensured in accordance with SP 51.13330.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.54 When using a car park deck, the requirements for this deck are the same as for normal car park decks. The top layer of such an exploitable roof covering should be made of materials that do not propagate combustion (the flame propagation group for such materials should not be lower than RP 1).
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.1.55 Emissions into the atmosphere from cars for car parks under construction or reconstructed are determined by calculating the dispersion of emissions from a car (when developing the section of the project "measures to protect environment"). Calculations for the dispersion of emissions into the atmosphere from cars are given in.
5.1.56 On the operated flat roofs of underground, semi-underground, closed bunded and ground car parks, it is necessary to provide for the creation of architectural and landscape objects - "above-ground gardens". Recommendations for the design of landscaping and landscaping of operated flat roofs, residential, public and other buildings are given in.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2 Special requirements for different types of car parks
Underground car parks
5.2.1 In underground parking lots, it is not allowed to divide parking spaces with partitions into separate boxes.
In detached underground car parks with no more than two floors, located in an undeveloped area, separate boxes are allowed. In this case, independent exits directly outside from each underground floor should be provided.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.2 Exits and entrances of underground parking lots (including sheds of structures) must be located at a distance from buildings of class F 1.1, F 1.3 and F 4.1 in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330, and residential and public buildings - in accordance with the requirements of Table 7.1.1 SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200 .
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.3 In the floors of underground car parks, devices should be provided for draining water in case of fire extinguishing. Heating networks, general ventilation and smoke protection of underground car parks should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330 and SP 7.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.4 Departure (entry) from the underground built-in parking lot, as well as exit (entry) from the elevator for transporting cars to the underground parking lot should be provided directly outside or through the parking lot on the first or basement floor. Exits (exits) from underground and built-in parking lots, their communication with other parts of the building, the arrangement of common elevator shafts must comply with the requirements of SP 1.13130, clause 6.11.9 of SP 4.13130.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.5 When constructing architectural and landscape objects (ground gardens) above underground and semi-underground parking lots, the following requirements must be met:
a) the design of the top covering of the car park is taken to be similar to the design of the entrances to the building (for partial open parking);
b) the territory of the ground garden should be limited by a high board of 0.5 m to prevent the arrival of vehicles. Sports grounds must be fenced with a mesh up to 4 m high;
c) playgrounds (recreation, games and sports, children's, sports) should be located in accordance with Table 7.1.1 SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200;
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
Closed surface car parks
(New edition.Change No. 1)
5.2.6 In ground parking lots of cars of I and II degrees of fire resistance when storing cars in boxes, separate boxes, partitions between boxes with a fire resistance limit of R 45, fire hazard class K0 should be provided for allocation of storage places for cars belonging to citizens. The gates in these boxes should be provided in the form of a mesh fence or the gates of each box at a height of 1.4 - 1.6 m should have an opening of at least 300 × 300 mm in size for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting condition of the box.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.7 When used in boxes of volumetric fire extinguishing installations (self-actuated modules and systems: powder, aerosol, etc.), gates in separate boxes should be provided with blind ones, without the installation of these openings. In this case, ramps (ramps) common to all floors may not be separated from the car storage rooms by fire barriers required.
5.2.8 If there is an exit from each box directly to the outside, it is allowed to provide partitions made of non-combustible materials with a non-standardized fire resistance limit in two-story buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance and one-story buildings of class C0. At the same time, in these two-story buildings, the floors must be fireproof of the 3rd type. The gates in these boxes must also have openings of at least 300 × 300 mm in size for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting condition of the box.
Surface flat one-level open-type car parks
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.9 Surface flat one-level parking lots of an open type (without foundations) must have a fence, spaced entry and exit points, fire extinguishing equipment.
Typo.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.10 It is recommended to take the smallest distances to the entrances and exits of parking lots:
50 m - from the intersections of the main streets;
20 m - from the streets of local importance;
30 m - from stopping points public passenger transport.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.11 In open-type parking buildings, the width of the body should not exceed 40 m.
(Changed edition.Change No. 1)
5.2.12 Arrangement of boxes, construction of walls (with the exception of the walls of staircases) and partitions that impede ventilation are not allowed.
5.2.13 It is allowed to use mesh or blinds made of non-combustible materials as filling open openings in the external enclosing structures. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor should be provided in accordance with the requirements of clause 6.1.23 of SP 4.13130.
To reduce the impact of precipitation, canopies and blinds made of non-combustible materials can be provided over open openings.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.14 In buildings of IV degree of fire resistance, the enclosing structures of evacuation stairwells and their elements must comply with the requirements of paragraph 6.1.24 of SP 4.13130, imposed on staircases of buildings of III degree of fire resistance.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.15 It is not required to provide smoke exhaust and ventilation systems for ground open car parks.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.16 In open-type car parks, a heated room should be provided for storing primary equipment, personal protective equipment and fire extinguishing tools (on the ground floor).
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.17 In the openings of the outer walls of an open-type car park, it is allowed to use protective devices that provide through ventilation of the car park.
Above the open openings it is possible to provide visors made of non-combustible materials with the condition of ensuring through ventilation of the floor.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.18 At least two emergency exits should be provided from each floor.
As an evacuation route, it is allowed to consider the passage along the ramps to the mezzanine to the stairwells. The passage should have a width of at least 80 cm and rise 10 - 15 cm above the carriageway or be fenced off with a wheel break.
5.2.19 Staircase structures in all open parking buildings, regardless of their degree of fire resistance, must have a fire resistance limit and a fire spread limit corresponding to the II degree of fire resistance according to.
5.2.20 In the car park, looped dry pipes with check valves at the branch pipes brought out for a mobile fire fighting equipment.
Modular prefabricated car parks
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.21 Modular pre-fabricated car parking - a metal structure assembled from standard unified elements, with the possibility of dismantling without damaging the structure (temporary structure) on which parking spaces are placed floor by floor (tiered). Modular pre-fabricated car parks can be: arena, mechanized, semi-mechanized type.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.22 Modular superstructures are used in open areas, above existing flat parking lots to increase the number of parking spaces that are not capital construction, can be dismantled and moved to another site if necessary. The modular superstructure can be installed floor by floor in various configurations and for an unlimited number of available parking spaces.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.23 The modular superstructure shall be fitted with lighting fixtures and safety barriers.
Floating car parks (landing stages)
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.24 Floating (landing) parking lots, if necessary, can be placed on existing or newly built landing stages in case of a shortage of urban parking spaces. The landing stage, as a rule, consists of a floating pontoon and a superstructure. Landing stages can be concrete monolithic, precast-monolithic, prefabricated.
The superstructure can be single-deck - a single-deck landing stage, or double-deck - a two-deck landing stage.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
Floating car parks are allowed to be designed using an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of materials using sandwich panels or a group of non-combustible (NG) materials without the use of combustible heaters (such as a multi-tiered whatnot).
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
Mechanized car parking
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.26 Multi-tier rack storage of cars in a mechanized parking lot is allowed using mechanized means of delivery and installation of a car from a receiving box to a storage cell and vice versa, when equipping storage cells (places) and a parking box with automatic fire extinguishing means that provide irrigation of each tier of a parking space.
In mechanized and semi-mechanized car parks, the dimensions of parking spaces and the number of storage tiers are determined by technological requirements, taking into account the size and layout of equipment.
Mechanized parking lots are divided into:
Tower - a multi-tiered vertically oriented self-supporting structure, consisting of a central elevator type with a one- or two-coordinate manipulator and racks located on two or four sides of it with longitudinal or transverse cells for storing cars;
Multi-storey - with a pair of vertical rows of stationary storage places for cars, between which space is provided for moving a mechanized device;
Shelving multi-tier - one- or two-row rack with cells for storing cars, the movement of which is carried out by elevators and two- or three-coordinate manipulators of tiered, floor or hinged execution;
Rotary - a frame with a chain mechanism for moving cars in booths suspended on a chain along a closed curvilinear trajectory;
Three-dimensional matrix systems - characterize the maximum filling of the parking space with car storage cells, the mobility of storage cells in the volume of the matrix, a large set of mechanisms that ensure horizontal and vertical movement of cells in space from / to the place of receipt and delivery of the car.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.27 It is allowed to design mechanized parking lots as ground and underground ones. It is allowed to attach ground parking lots to buildings for other purposes only to blank walls with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 150. The height of mechanized car parks attached to buildings for other purposes or built into them is determined by the height of the main building.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.28 The composition and areas of premises, storage cells (places), parameters of parking lots are accepted in accordance with the technical features of the car parking system used.
The control of a mechanized device, control over its operation and fire safety of the parking lot must be carried out from the control room located on the landing floor.
5.2.29 Mechanized car parks must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations in accordance with SP 5.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.30 Buildings (structures) of mechanized parking lots can be provided for above-ground class of constructive fire hazard C0.
It is allowed to design mechanized parking lots using an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of non-combustible materials without the use of combustible heaters (such as a multi-tiered whatnot) in accordance with clause 6.11.25 and SP 4.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.31 A car parking block with a mechanized device should be designed in accordance with clause 6.11.26 of SP 4.13130.
Each of the blocks of the mechanized parking lot must be provided with an entrance for fire trucks and the possibility of access for fire departments to any floor (tier) from two opposite sides of the block of the parking lot (through glazed or open openings).
With a building height of up to 15 m above the ground, the capacity of the block can be increased to 150 parking spaces. In the block of mechanized mechanized parking for maintenance of systems of a mechanized device on floors (tiers), it is allowed to arrange an open staircase made of non-combustible materials.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.32 It is allowed to design underground mechanized car parks not lower than IV degree of fire resistance and constructive fire hazard class C0.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.33 In open-type mechanized parking, enclosing structures may be provided in accordance with this set of rules. Ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are not required.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
Dumped car parks
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.34 The embanked car parks are mainly intended for the construction of residential areas, microdistricts, quarters on the intra-yard territories, using the exploited roof of the car park for landscaping and landscaping, playgrounds and sports grounds.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.35 The distance from the entrance / exit from the parking lot and ventilation shafts to buildings for other purposes is regulated by the requirements of Table 7.1.1 SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.36 Minimum distances from the bunded sides of car parks to buildings are not limited.
5.2.37 The constructive fire hazard class of bunded car parks should be provided not lower than C0, the degree of fire resistance - not lower than II.
Semi-mechanized car parks
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.2.38 In one-story underground semi-mechanized car parks, it is allowed to store a car in two tiers on a floor in accordance with SP 154.13130.
5.2.39 Semi-mechanized car parks can be ground open or closed, underground, built-in or attached to buildings for other purposes (with the exception of schools, kindergartens and medical institutions with a hospital) and modular.
According to the type of equipment used, they are divided into:
Car parks with 2 - 4-level lifts, with hydraulic or electric drive, with an inclined or horizontal platform;
Parking lots with PUZZLE-type equipment are multi-tiered supporting frames with platforms for lifting and horizontal movement of cars located on each tier, arranged according to the principle of a matrix with a free column (cell).
5.2.40 From each storage level of a semi-mechanized car park, at least two dispersed exits for evacuation should be provided. In this case, one of the exits must be evacuation, the second exit may be provided by stairs made of non-combustible materials through a hatch with dimensions of at least 0.6 × 0.8 m. The slope of the stairs is not standardized.
5.2.41 Semi-mechanized car parking includes:
Access roads to the terminal for placing a queue of cars;
Terminals for the transfer of cars to mechanized devices;
Mechanized horizontal and vertical movements cars;
Working areas of mechanized devices;
Vehicle storage areas.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6 Engineering equipment and utility networks
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Engineering and technical support networks (SITO) of parking lots and their engineering equipment should be provided taking into account the requirements of SP 4.13130, SP 5.13130, SP 6.13130, SP 7.13130, SP 10.13130, SP 30.13330, SP 32.13330, SP 60.13330, SP 104.13330, unless specifically provided for in this set of rules.
In car parks, the requirements for ventilation systems should be adopted according to the specified documents as for warehouse buildings classified as fire hazard category B.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.1.2 In multi-storey buildings of parking lots, sections of engineering communications (water supply, sewerage, heat supply) passing through the floors must be made of metal pipes.
6.1.3 Cable networks crossing floors must also be laid in metal pipes or in communication boxes (niches) with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 150.
In underground parking lots, electric cables with a sheath that does not spread combustion in accordance with SP 6.13130 should be used.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.1.4 Engineering and technical support networks for car parking should be autonomous from engineering networks of fire compartments of another class of functional fire hazard.
During the transit laying of utilities belonging to the building into which the parking lot is built (attached) through the parking spaces, these networks (except for water supply, sewerage, heat supply, made of metal pipes) must be insulated building structures with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
In built-in and built-in-attached ground open car parks, it is allowed to lay engineering networks using plastic and metal-plastic products.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.2 Water supply and sanitation networks
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.2.1 The number of jets and the minimum water consumption per jet for internal fire extinguishing of heated closed-type parking lots should be taken: with a fire compartment volume of 0.5 to 5 thousand m 3 - 2 jets of 2.5 l / s, over 5 thousand m 3 - 2 jets of 5 l / s in accordance with SP 10.13130.
It is allowed not to provide an internal fire-fighting water supply in one- and two-story box-type parking lots with direct exit to the outside from each box.
6.2.2 In unheated car parks, internal fire water supply systems are carried out in accordance with SP 10.13130.
In car parks with separate boxes that meet the requirements, including one-story underground ones, it is allowed not to provide for internal fire water supply when using self-triggering fire extinguishing modules in each box.
6.2.3 Engineering and technical support networks that ensure the fire safety of car parks with a capacity of more than 50 parking spaces built (attached) to buildings for other purposes must be autonomous from the engineering systems of these buildings, with a capacity of 50 or less parking spaces, the separation of these systems is not required, except for the ventilation system (including smoke control). It is allowed to combine groups of pumps, taking into account the volume of the maximum water flow when extinguishing a fire.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.2.4 In underground car parks with two floors or more, internal fire water supply and automatic fire extinguishing installations must have branch pipes with connecting heads brought out to the outside, equipped with valves and check valves, for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment.
6.2.5 Estimated water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of overground parking lots of closed and open types is given in should be taken from table 6, for other types of parking - in accordance with paragraph 5.13.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.2.6 Check valves should be installed on the supply network between the fire pumps and the fire water supply network.
6.2.7 When used in car parks for car storage in two or more tiers, the placement of irrigation systems for automatic water fire extinguishing should ensure the irrigation of cars at each storage level.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.3 Heating, ventilation and smoke protection
6.3.1 In heated car parks, the design air temperature in the car storage rooms should be taken at least 5 °C, in the washing posts technical inspection(TO) and technical repair (TR) - +18 °С, in the switchboard, fire extinguishing pump room, water supply inlet - +5 °С.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.3.2 In unheated car parks, it is sufficient to provide heating only for the auxiliary premises specified in.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.3.3 Heating is provided for the storage area and ramps in closed heated car parks. The premises of washing posts, checkpoints, control rooms, as well as an electrical panel room, a fire extinguishing pump, a water supply inlet are designed to be heated both in warm and unheated indoor and outdoor car parks.
6.3.4 Heating of storage rooms, washing posts, maintenance and repair, design air, combined with supply ventilation. In multi-storey buildings of parking lots, regardless of their size, heating is also used with local heating devices with a smooth surface.
Entrance and exit external gates are equipped with air-thermal curtains:
In heated car parks - when 50 or more cars are placed in the storage area;
In the premises of posts, TO and TR with five or more entries-exits through one gate and when the positions of TO and TR are closer than four meters from the outer gate.
6.3.5 In closed car parks in car storage rooms, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided to dilute and remove harmful gas emissions according to the assimilation calculation, ensuring the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.
In unheated ground-based car parks of a closed type, forced ventilation with mechanical stimulation should be provided only for areas that are more than 20 m away from openings in external fences.
6.3.6 In closed car parks, it is necessary to provide for the installation of devices for measuring the concentration of CO and the corresponding alarm devices for monitoring CO in a room with round-the-clock duty of personnel.
6.3.7 Fire dampers shall be installed in the exhaust air ducts where they cross fire barriers.
Transit air ducts outside the serviced floor or premises allocated with fire barriers should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.
6.3.8 In closed ground and underground car parks, smoke ventilation systems should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.
6.3.9 Smoke removal must be provided through exhaust shafts with mechanical draft induction in accordance with SP 7.13130.
In ground car parks up to two floors and one-story underground car parks, it is allowed to provide for natural smoke removal when installing exhaust shafts with natural exhaust through openings or equipped with a mechanized drive for opening transoms in the upper part of windows at a level of 2.2 m and above (from the floor) or through opening lights. The total area of the openings to be opened, determined by calculation, must be at least 0.2% of the area of the room, and the distance from the windows to the most remote point of the room should not exceed 18 m. .
In car parks with insulated ramps in exhaust shafts, smoke dampers should be provided on each floor.
The required smoke removal costs, the number of shafts and fire dampers are determined by calculation.
In underground car parks, it is allowed to attach smoke zones with a total area of not more than 3000 m 2 to one smoke shaft on each underground floor. The number of branches of air ducts from one smoke shaft is not standardized when the area served by one smoke inlet is not more than 1000 m 2 in accordance with the requirements of clause 7.8 of SP 7.13130.
6.3.10 Stairwells leading directly to the outside and car parking elevator shafts should be provided with air overpressure in case of fire or the device on all floors of vestibule locks of the 1st type with air overpressure in case of fire:
With two underground floors or more;
If stairwells and elevators connect the underground and surface parts of the car park;
If stairwells and elevators connect the car park with the ground floors of a building for another purpose.
6.3.11 In the event of a fire, general ventilation should be switched off.
The order (sequence) of turning on smoke protection systems should provide for the start of exhaust ventilation (before the supply ventilation).
6.3.12 Smoke protection systems should be controlled:
From the fire alarm (or automatic installation fire fighting), remotely;
From the central control panel for fire-fighting systems, as well as from the buttons or mechanical manual start devices installed at the entrance to the parking floor, on the landings on the floors (in the fire hydrant cabinets).
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.3.13 Requirements for the design of ventilation shafts for underground parking lots are given in.
Exhaust ventilation shafts of car parks with a capacity of 100 parking spaces or more must be placed at a distance of at least 30 m from multi-apartment residential buildings, areas of preschool institutions, dormitories of boarding schools, hospitals of medical institutions. Ventilation openings of these shafts must be provided at least 2 m above ground level. With a parking capacity of more than 10 parking spaces, the distance from the ventilation shafts to these buildings and their elevation above the roof level of the structure are determined by calculating the dispersion of emissions into the atmosphere and noise levels in the residential area.
The noise absorption of the ventilation equipment of car parks built into residential buildings should be calculated taking into account work at night.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.3.14 Elements of smoke protection systems (fans, shafts, air ducts, valves, smoke intakes, etc.) should be provided in accordance with SP 60.13330 and SP 4.13130.
In exhaust smoke ventilation systems, fire (including smoke) resistance of smoke and gas valves must be at least 1.6 × 10 3 m 3 /kg in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.5 of SP 7.13130.
6.3.15 When determining the main parameters of the supply and exhaust smoke ventilation, the following initial data should be taken into account:
The occurrence of a fire (burning of one or two or more cars - with two or more levels of mechanized parking of cars) in the ground parking lot on the lower standard floor, and in the underground - on the upper and lower standard floors;
Geometric characteristics of a typical floor (tier) - exploited area, number and size of openings, area of enclosing structures;
The position of openings for emergency exits (open from the fire floor to external exits);
Outside air parameters.
6.3.16 Ventilation emissions from underground car parks located under residential and public buildings should be organized 1.5 m above the roof ridge of the highest part of the building.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.4 Power supply system
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.4.1 Power supply and electrical devices for parking lots must be designed in accordance with the requirements and.
(New edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.4.2 To ensure the reliability of power supply, consumers of car parks should be classified into the following categories:
a) to category I - electrical installations used in fire protection, including for automatic fire extinguishing and automatic signaling, smoke protection, elevators for transporting fire departments, fire warning systems, electric drive mechanisms of fire doors, systems automatic control the air environment in the storage rooms of gas-balloon vehicles;
c) electric drives for gate opening mechanisms without a manual drive and emergency lighting of car parks that are constantly ready to leave;
Electrical cables supplying fire-fighting devices must be connected directly to the input shields of the building (structure) and must not be simultaneously used for supply to other current collectors.
Cable lines supplying fire protection systems must be made of fire-resistant cables with copper conductors and cannot be used for other electrical receivers in accordance with the requirements of SP 6.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.4.3 Lighting of car storage rooms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 52.13330.
6.4.4 Light indicators must be connected to the emergency (evacuation) lighting network:
a) emergency exits on each floor;
b) ways of movement of cars;
c) places of installation of connecting heads for connecting fire equipment;
d) places of installation of primary fire extinguishing equipment, in accordance with the requirements of Articles 43 and 60;
e) locations of external hydrants (on the facade of the structure).
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.4.5 Ways of movement of cars inside car parks must be equipped with signs orienting the driver.
Lamps indicating the direction of movement are installed at turns, in places where slopes change, on ramps, entrances to floors, entrances and exits to floors and stairwells.
Direction indicators are installed at a height of 2 and 0.5 m from the floor within line of sight from any point on escape routes and driveways for vehicles.
Light indicators of the installation sites of connecting heads for fire equipment, installation sites of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers should turn on automatically when the fire automation systems are triggered.
6.4.6 In closed-type car parks at the entrances to each floor, sockets connected to the power supply network according to category I must be installed to enable the use of electrified fire fighting equipment at a voltage of 220 V.
6.5 Automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarms
6.5.1 Automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems used in car parks must comply with the requirements of SP 5.13130 Appendix A (Tables A.1 and A.3).
6.5.2 The type of automatic fire extinguishing installation, the method of extinguishing and the type of fire extinguishing agents are provided in accordance with Part 3 of Art. 61 and SP 5.13130.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.5.3 Automatic fire extinguishing in car storage areas should be provided in closed car parks:
a) underground, regardless of the number of storeys;
b) overground with two floors or more;
c) one-story elevated I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with an area of 7000 m 2 or more, IV degree of fire resistance of class C0 with an area of \u200b\u200b3600 m 2 or more, class C1 - 2000 m 2 or more, classes C2, C3 - 1000 m 2 or more; when storing cars in these buildings in separate boxes (allocated in accordance with) - if the number of boxes is more than 5;
d) built into buildings for other purposes, with the exception of those specified in SP 5.13130;
e) in the premises for the storage of vehicles intended for the transport of fuels and lubricants;
e) located under bridges;
g) mechanized parking lots;
i) attached to buildings for other purposes or built into these buildings with a capacity of not more than 10 parking spaces.
6.5.4 In car parks with separate boxes that meet the requirements, when using modular fire extinguishing installations (self-activating modules) in each box, it is not required to provide automatic fire extinguishing of passages between the boxes, while these passages must be equipped with floor-by-floor mobile fire extinguishers (type OP-50, OP -100) based on: with the area of passages on the floor up to 500 m 2 - 1 pc. per floor, more than 500 m 2 - 2 pcs. to the floor.
6.5.5 Automatic fire alarm must be equipped with:
a) one-story closed-type above-ground car parks with an area less than specified in or with a number of up to 25 cars inclusive;
b) separate boxes and passages between them when using modular fire extinguishing installations (self-actuating modules) in the boxes;
c) premises for car service.
6.5.6 In one- and two-story box-type car parks with direct exit to the outside from each box, it is allowed not to provide for automatic fire extinguishing and alarms.
6.5.7 Closed ground car parks with two floors or more (with the exception of car parks with direct exit to the outside of each box and mechanized car parks) with a capacity of up to 100 parking spaces must be equipped with warning systems of the 1st type, more than 100 parking spaces - 2- type according to SP 3.13130 Vehicle class (type)
Dimensions max, mm
Minimum overall radius, mm
European classification
Length, L
Width, V
Height, H
Small
3700
1600
1700
5500
Class A
Average
4300
1700
1800
6000
Class B, C
Big
5160
1995
1970
6200
Class D, E, F, Minivan, SUV
Minibuses
5500
2380
2300
6900
Notes:
1 Distances when placing vehicles for storage in premises are taken into account, taking into account the minimum allowable safety clearances, not less than:
0.8 m - between the longitudinal side of the car and the wall;
0.8 m - between the longitudinal sides of the cars installed parallel to the wall;
0.5 m - between the longitudinal side of the car and the column or dance wall;
Between the front of the vehicle and a wall or gate when arranging vehicles:
0.7 m - rectangular;
0.7 m - oblique;
Between the rear of the vehicle and a wall or gate when arranging vehicles:
0.7 m - rectangular;
0.7 m - oblique;
0.6 m - between cars standing one behind the other;
For boxed storage:
- IN+ 1000 mm - width;
- L+ 700 mm - length.
2 Minimum clearance radius - the minimum turning radius of the vehicle (or minimum turning circle). Determined by the track of the outer front wheel car. This value is less than the value of the minimum turning radius on the body (on the front bumper).
1 Before buildings:
walls of residential buildings with windows
walls of residential buildings without windows
public buildings, except for children's, educational institutions and medical hospitals
2 Before plots:
territories of schools, children's, educational institutions, vocational schools, technical schools, areas for recreation, games and sports
territories of medical hospitals, open sports facilities for general use, places of recreation for the population (gardens, squares, parks)
Notes
1. Ground parkingwith a capacity of more than 500 parking spaces, it is recommended to place them on the territory of industrial and municipal storage areas.
2. Ventilation emissions from underground car parks located under residential and public buildings should be organized 1.5 m above the roof ridge of the highest part of the building.. Noise at workplaces, in the premises of residential, public buildings and in residential areas. Sanitary standards
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MINISTRY
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITIES
FARMS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(MINSTROY OF RUSSIA)
ORDER
On the approval of SP 113.13330 "SNiP 21-02-99 Car Parking"
As amended by the Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal
economy of the Russian Federation dated February 10, 2017 No. 86 / pr
"On amendments to some orders of the Ministry of Construction
and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation"
In accordance with the Rules for the development, approval, publication, amendment and cancellation of sets of rules approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 1, 2016 No. of the Russian Federation dated November 18, 2013 No. 1038, paragraph 28 of the Plan for the development and approval of codes of practice and updating previously approved codes of rules, building codes and regulations for 2015 and the planning period until 2017, approved by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services economy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2015 No. 470/pr as amended by the order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2015 No. 659/pr, order:
1. Approve and put into effect 6 months from the date of issuance of this order SP 113.13330 "SNiP 21-02-99 Car Parking", according to the appendix.
2. Since the entry into force of SP 113.13330 “SNiP 21-02-99 Car Parking”, recognize as not applicable SP 113.13330.2012 “SNiP 21-02-99 Car Parking”, approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2011 No. 635/9, with the exception of paragraphs of SP 113.13330.2012 "SNiP 21-02-99 Parking lots", included in the List of national standards and codes of rules (parts of such standards and codes of rules), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2014 No. (hereinafter - the List), until the relevant changes are made to the List.
(Changed version. Order No. 86/pr dated February 10, 2017)
3. The Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, within 15 days from the date of issue of the order, send the approved SP 113.13330 "SNiP 21-02-99 Car Parking" for registration to the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization.
4. The Department of Urban Development and Architecture shall ensure the publication on the official website of the Ministry of Construction of Russia in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" of the text of the approved SP 113.13330 "SNiP 21-02-99 Car Parking" in electronic digital form within 10 days from the date of registration of the set of rules the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization.
5. To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation Kh.D. Mavliyarova.
MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION
AND HOUSING AND UTILITIES
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
|
SET OF RULES |
SP 113.13330.2016 |
CAR PARKING
Updated edition
SNiP 21-02-99*
Moscow 2016
Foreword
About the set of rules
1 PERFORMERS - Joint Stock Company "Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Industrial Buildings and Structures" (JSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy")
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Urban Development and Architecture of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Minstroy of Russia)
4 APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated November 7, 2016 No. 776/pr and entered into force on May 8, 2017.
5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 113.13330.2012 "SNiP 21-02-99* Car Parking"
In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the prescribed manner. Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Construction of Russia) on the Internet
|
1 area of use. 3 3 Terms and definitions. 4 4 Placement of parking lots. General provisions. 6 5 Space-planning and design solutions. 8 5.1 General requirements. 8 5.2 Special requirements for different types parking lots. 15 6 Engineering equipment and engineering networks. 19 6.1 General requirements. 19 6.2 Water supply and sanitation system. 20 6.3 Heating, heating networks, ventilation and smoke protection. 20 6.4 Power supply networks. 22 6.5 Automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm. 23 Annex A (informative). Classification of cars used to determine the dimensions of parking spaces in car parks. 24 Bibliography. 25 |
Introduction
This set of rules was developed in accordance with federal laws of December 30, 2009, No. 384-FZ "Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures", of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On energy saving and on improving energy efficiency and on introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation ", dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ" Technical regulation on fire safety requirements ".
SET OF RULES
|
CAR PARKING Parkings |
Introduction date 2017-05-08
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design of buildings, structures, sites and premises intended for parking (storage) of cars, minibuses and other motor vehicles.
1.2 This set of rules does not apply to garages intended for current repair (TR) and maintenance (TO) of vehicles, as well as to parking lots of vehicles used to transport explosive, poisonous and radioactive substances.
2 Normative references
This set of rules uses normative references to the following documents:
underground floor: Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground for the entire height of the premises.
technical floor: Floor, functionally designed for placement and maintenance of in-house engineering systems; can be located in the lower part of the building (technical underground) or in the upper part of the building (technical attic), or between the above-ground floors.
ground floor: Floor with a floor mark below the planning mark of the earth by no more than half the height of the room.
4 Placement of parking lots. General provisions
4.1 This set of rules deals with parking of cars and minibuses in accordance with Appendix A and motor vehicles (hereinafter referred to as parking lots).
The placement of parking lots on the territory of urban and rural settlements, the size of their land plots should be provided taking into account the requirements of SP 18.13330, SP 42.13330, SP 43.13330, SP 54.13330, SP 118.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200, this set of rules and regulations by fire safety.
4.2 Car parks attached to buildings for other purposes must be separated from these buildings by fire walls of the 1st type.
4.3 Car parks built into buildings or structures for other purposes must have a degree of fire resistance and a class of constructive fire hazard not less than the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard of the building or structure in which they are built.
Buildings of other classes of functional fire hazard, in which parking lots are built, must be of fire resistance degrees I and II, constructive fire hazard classes C0 and C1, with the exception of buildings of subclasses of functional fire hazard F1.1, F4.1, as well as class F5 of categories according to explosion and fire hazards A and B. Car parks (including mechanized) built into buildings must be separated from the premises (floors) of these buildings by fire walls and type 1 ceilings.
4.4 In buildings of the functional fire hazard subclass F1.3, the built-in parking lot may be separated by a type 2 fire ceiling, while the residential floors must be separated from the parking lot by a non-residential floor.
4.5 It is allowed to build in the buildings of the functional fire hazard subclass F1.4 of the parking of the owners of the house, regardless of the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard of the buildings. At the same time, the parking lot must be separated by fire barriers with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45. The door between the parking lot and living quarters must be fire resistant with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30 (with a seal in the porch and a self-closing device) and should not go directly into the sleeping room .
4.6 In parking lots built into or attached to buildings of another class or subclass of functional fire hazard (except for buildings of subclass F1.4), in order to limit the spread of fire, the distance from the openings of the parking lot to the bottom of the nearest window and other openings of a building of another functional purpose should not be less than 4 m or fire-prevention filling of the specified openings, or provide above the parking openings a blind canopy made of non-combustible (NG) materials with a width of at least 1 m, overlapping the width of the opening on each side by at least 0.5 m.
4.7 It is not allowed to place open and closed parking lots in the first and third belts of sanitary protection zones of water intakes for household and drinking purposes in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074, as well as in the buffer zones of rivers and reservoirs.
4.8 Under conditions of sufficient protection of the aquifer, it is possible to place car parks in the third zone of the sanitary protection zone in the event that measures are taken to protect aquifers from the penetration of chemical and bacterial contamination from the surface. Such cases require mandatory coordination with the state sanitary and epidemiological, water, geological and hydrological, environmental supervision.
4.9 Car parks can be located below and / or above ground level, consist of underground and above-ground parts, including using the roof of these buildings, be attached to buildings for other purposes or built into buildings of other functional purposes of fire resistance degrees I and II, structural fire classes hazards C0 and C1, with the exception of buildings of subclasses of functional fire hazard F1.1, F4.1, as well as class F5 of explosion and fire hazard categories A and B.
Underground car parks may also be located in undeveloped areas (under driveways, streets, squares, squares, lawns, etc.).
In buildings of the subclass of functional fire hazard F1.3, it is allowed to build in parking lots only of a closed type.
4.10 Car parks built into buildings of the functional fire hazard subclass F1.3 should only be with permanently assigned places for individual owners.
It is not allowed to place car parking directly under the premises of subclasses of functional fire hazard F1.1 and F4.1 built into other buildings.
4.11 Closed car parks for cars with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, as well as on a combination of gas and liquid motor fuel, are not allowed to be built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level.
4.12 Distances from parking lots to other buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with Table 7.1.1 of SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03 and with fire safety regulations.
When placing underground, semi-underground parking lots in residential and public buildings, as well as for bunded parking lots, the distance from the entrance-exit to a residential or public building is not regulated.
4.13 For underground, semi-underground and bunded car parks, the distance from the entrance-exit and ventilation shafts to the territory of schools, preschool educational organizations, medical institutions, residential buildings, recreation areas, etc. is regulated, and it should be at least 15 m.
4.14 For cars of low-mobility groups of the population (MGN), parking spaces should be provided in accordance with SP 59.13330.
4.15 The size of land plots for parking lots should be determined according to SP 42.13330,
4.16 In the basement and basement floors of newly built residential buildings, the arrangement of built-in and built-in-attached car parking should be carried out in compliance with the conditions of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645.
4.17 Entrances and exits from car parks should be provided with good visibility and located so that all car maneuvers are carried out without interfering with pedestrians and traffic in the surrounding area.
The smallest distances to residential and public buildings are justified by air pollution calculations and acoustic calculations.
4.18 Fire distances from ground and ground-underground car parks to residential and public buildings should be taken in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
5 Space-planning and design solutions
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The parking capacity is calculated in accordance with the dimensions of the parking spaces and the dimensions of the passages given in Appendix A.
5.1.2 When calculating the above-ground floors, the open parking of cars on the operated roof without the installation of a canopy is not taken into account. When installing a canopy, it is included in the number of above-ground floors and requires the installation of looped dry pipes in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations. Car parking on the operated roof must be provided with emergency exits, provided in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety. The installation of temporary shelters for vehicles on the operated roof is not allowed.
5.1.3 Car parking is carried out by:
a) with the participation of drivers - along ramps, ramps or using freight elevators;
b) without the participation of drivers - by mechanized devices;
c) with the participation of drivers and with the help of mechanized devices.
5.1.4 The parameters of car storage areas, ramps, ramps and driveways in the parking lot, the distances between cars in storage areas, as well as between cars and building structures are established by the project depending on the type (class) of cars, storage method, dimensions of cars, their maneuverability and placement in accordance with Appendix A.
5.1.5 The dimensions of the parking space for disabled people using wheelchairs should be taken (taking into account the minimum allowable safety clearances) 6.0 × 3.6 m.
5.1.6 Categories of premises and buildings used for storing vehicles, according to explosion and fire hazard, should be determined in accordance with fire safety regulations.
5.1.7 The degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard, the permissible number of floors and floor area within the fire compartment of underground closed and open ground parking lots should be taken in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
5.1.8 In parking lots, it is allowed to provide office space for service personnel and engineering and technical support networks. They house security, control and cash points, passenger elevators, sanitary facilities (including those adapted for MGN), washing rooms. Their composition and size of areas are determined by the project in accordance with the design assignment.
Placement of retail premises (trays, kiosks, stalls, etc.) directly in the premises of car parking is not allowed.
5.1.9 The premises for production, storage and technical purposes specified in 5.1.8 (including engineering and technical support networks), with the exception of premises of explosion and fire hazard categories B4 and D, are allocated in buildings of fire resistance degrees I, II and III - fire partitions 1st type and floors of the 3rd type, in buildings of fire resistance degree IV - partitions of the 2nd type and floors of the 4th type.
When arranging places for unloading cars in car parks, it is allowed to provide them in separate rooms isolated from car parking rooms by fire partitions with a fire resistance limit of REI 45; entry into these premises with the number of unloading places not more than two is allowed through the parking spaces. The planning decision should exclude the possibility of storing goods, containers, etc. in the named parking lots.
5.1.10 In car parks with 50 or more parking spaces for permanent and temporary storage of cars at the main entrance-exit, a checkpoint (rooms for cleaning equipment, maintenance personnel, toilets, etc.) must be provided, a platform for placement of primary fire extinguishing equipment, personal protective equipment and fire tools.
5.1.11 In the storage rooms for cars of individual owners of the arena type, to allocate permanently fixed parking spaces, it is allowed to use a fence (in the form of a grid) made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
5.1.12 Parking spaces may be provided without natural lighting. It is allowed to provide premises with permanent residence of people with insufficient natural lighting in terms of biological effect.
5.1.13 When designing car parks built in areas with seismic activity of 7, 8 and 9 points, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of section 9 of SP 14.13330.2014.
5.1.14 Parking lots of vehicles with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas should be provided in separate buildings and structures of fire resistance degrees I, II, III and IV, constructive fire hazard class C0, in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire security.
In separately standing parking for cars running on gasoline or diesel fuel, storage rooms for light gas-cylinder vehicles should be located on the upper ground floors, as well as in boxes with direct access to the outside of each box. The location of storage rooms for gas-balloon cars on the floors of open parking lots, as well as in mechanized car parks (provided that the storage tiers are ventilated) is not standardized.
5.1.15 It is not allowed to provide parking lots for placement of LPG vehicles:
In the basement and underground floors of car parks;
In ground parking lots of cars of a closed type, located in buildings for other purposes;
In ground car parks of a closed type with non-insulated ramps;
When storing cars in boxes that do not have direct access to the outside of each box.
5.1.16 The interconnection within the floor of the parking spaces with other premises (not included in the parking complex) or an adjacent fire compartment is allowed through the vestibule locks with partitions with a fire resistance rating of EI 45 and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45, with openings filled with doors with a limit fire resistance EI 30 and air overpressure in case of fire.
In buildings of the subclass of functional fire hazard F1.3, communication between the parking lot and the residential part within the floor is not allowed.
Communication between adjacent fire compartments for storing vehicles should be provided through openings filled with gates (doors) with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60, equipped with automatic devices for closing them in case of fire.
In parking lots with storage of up to 50 parking spaces, it is allowed to install one freight elevator, up to 100 parking spaces - at least two freight elevators, more than 100 parking spaces - by calculation.
The doors of the mine and the elevator car should be provided for at least 2650 mm in width and at least 2000 mm in height, the internal dimensions of the cabin - in accordance with GOST R 53771. The dimensions of the cabin of a passenger elevator (one of the passenger elevators) must ensure the transportation of MGN using wheelchairs in accordance with GOST R 51631.
5.1.26 In parking lots built into buildings for other purposes, it is not allowed to provide common ordinary staircases and common elevator shafts. To ensure the functional connection of the parking lot and the building for other purposes, the exits from the elevator shafts and stairwells of the parking lot should be provided in the lobby of the main entrance of the specified building with the device on the floors of the parking lot of vestibule locks of the 1st type with air overpressure in case of fire. If it is necessary to connect car parking with all floors of residential and public buildings, structures, it is allowed to design common stairwells and elevator shafts that have the “Transportation of fire departments” mode in accordance with GOST R 52382, provided that car parking is arranged on all underground floors in front of entrances (exits) to stairwells and elevators of vestibule locks of the 1st type with air overpressure in case of fire, as well as air overpressure by separate systems in the volume of common stairwells and elevator shafts in accordance with fire safety regulations.
5.1.27 In multi-storey car parking buildings, ramps, ramps, inclined floors or special elevators (mechanized devices) should be provided for the movement of cars.
When using designs with a continuous spiral floor, each complete turn should be considered as a tier (floor).
For multi-storey car parks with half floors, the total number of floors is defined as the number of half floors divided by two, the floor area is defined as the sum of two adjacent half floors.
5.1.28 The number of ramps and the number of required exits and entrances, respectively, in car parks should be taken depending on the number of cars located on all floors, except for the first one (for underground parking - on all floors), taking into account the operating mode of the car park, the estimated traffic intensity and planning solutions for its organization.
The type and number of ramps should be taken with the number of cars:
a) up to 100 - one single-track ramp with the use of appropriate signaling;
b) up to 1000 - one double-track ramp or two single-track ramps;
c) over 1000 - two double-track ramps.
Entry-exit from the underground built-in car parking, as well as the entrance-exit from the elevator for transporting cars should be provided directly outside or through the parking lot on the ground or basement floor.
5.1.29 The width of flights of evacuation staircases, landings and stairs of the 3rd type must be at least 1 m.
5.1.30 In closed car parks of fire resistance degrees I and II, constructive fire hazard classes C0 and C1, as well as in open car parks, uninsulated ramps are allowed. At the same time, the area of the fire compartment in closed-type parking lots is determined as the sum of the areas of the floors connected by non-insulated ramps. The area of such a fire compartment should not exceed 10400 m 2 ;
The device of a common non-isolated ramp between underground or above-ground floors of the parking lot is not allowed.
5.1.31 Ramps and ramps in car parks must comply with the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal slope of straight ramps along the axis of the traffic lane in closed unheated and open parking lots should be no more than 18%, of curved ramps - no more than 13%, the longitudinal slope of open (not protected from atmospheric precipitation) ramps - no more than 10%.
When heating or other engineering solutions that eliminate icing of the ramp carriageway, the slope of open ramps should be the same as for closed ramps;
b) the transverse slope of the ramps should be no more than 6%;
c) on ramps with pedestrian traffic, a sidewalk with a width of at least 0.8 m with a curb height of at least 0.1 m must be provided;
d) the mating of the ramp with horizontal sections of the floor must be smooth, and the distance from the lowest points of the bottom of the car to the floor (clearance) must be at least 0.1 m;
e) the minimum width of the carriageway of the ramp: straight and curved - 3.5 m, the minimum width of the entrance and exit lanes - 3.2 m, and on the curved section - 4.2 m;
f) the minimum outer radius of curved sections is 7.4 m.
5.1.32 When vehicles are transported by freight elevators (elevators), the capacity of underground and surface parking of vehicles should not exceed 100 parking spaces.
When placing parking lots on two or more floors, it is necessary to install at least two freight elevators in shafts with air overpressure in case of fire, the enclosing structures of which must be with fire resistance limits not less than the fire resistance limits of interfloor ceilings.
The doors of elevator shafts of freight elevators must have a fire resistance rating of EI 60.
5.1.33 Entry-exit from the underground floors of car parks through the car storage area on the first or basement floor is not allowed.
5.1.34 In car parks that require the installation of elevators for the transportation of fire departments, an elevator with the operating mode "Transportation of fire departments" in accordance with GOST R 52382 in each fire compartment should be provided.
5.1.35 For access to the ramp or to the adjacent fire compartment near the gate or in the gate, a fire door (wicket) with a width of at least 0.8 m should be provided.
The height of the gate threshold should not exceed 0.15 m.
5.1.36 In the premises for the storage of vehicles at the exit-entry points to the ramp or to the adjacent fire compartment, as well as on the surface (when parking vehicles are located there), measures should be taken to prevent possible spillage of fuel in case of fire (arrangement of ramps-thresholds, trays for fuel leakage, etc.).
5.1.37 In closed-type car parks, ramps common to all floors of car parking, with two or more floors of car parking, must be isolated on each floor from car storage rooms by fire barriers, gates and nozzle air curtains with an air flow rate of at least 10 m / s, with an initial jet thickness of at least 0.03 m and a jet width of at least the width of the protected opening above the fire gates from the side of the car storage rooms.
5.1.38 In underground car parks with two underground floors or more, exits from underground floors to stairwells and exits from elevator shafts must be provided through floor-by-floor locks with air overpressure in case of fire.
5.1.39 In multi-storey underground and surface car parks, it is allowed to transit from ramp to ramp through the car storage room.
5.1.40 Two-story buildings of fire resistance degrees I, II and III and one-story buildings of constructive fire hazard class C0 with partitions between boxes made of non-combustible (NG) materials with a non-standardized fire resistance limit should be with exits from each box directly to the outside. At the same time, in these two-story buildings, the floors must be fireproof with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45. The gates of these boxes must have openings with dimensions of at least 300 × 300 mm for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting state of the box. It is allowed to make the gate in the form of a mesh fence.
5.1.41 When dividing the floors of two-story car parks with a fireproof ceiling and in the presence of isolated entrances and exits from each floor, fire protection requirements are established for each floor as for a one-story building. The fire resistance limit of fire ceilings must be at least REI 60. The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures that ensure the stability of the fire ceiling and the attachment points between them must be at least R 60.
5.1.42 In ground car parks of fire resistance degrees I and II. constructive fire hazard class C0, equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system, in the absence of fire gates in isolated ramps, automatic devices (smoke screens) should be provided, made of non-combustible (NG) materials with vertical guides and blocking the ramp opening floor by floor in case of fire by at least half of it height with an automatic water deluge curtain in two threads with a water flow rate of 1 l / s per 1 m of the opening width.
5.1.43 Doors and gates in fire barriers and tambours-locks must be equipped with automatic devices for closing them in case of fire.
5.1.44 The floor covering of car parking must be resistant to oil products and designed for dry (including mechanized) cleaning of premises.
The covering of ramps and footpaths on them must be made of materials that exclude slipping.
5.1.45 Car parking elevators, except for the “Transportation of fire departments” mode in accordance with GOST R 52382, must be equipped with automatic devices that ensure their lifting (lowering) in case of fire to the main landing floor, opening doors and subsequent shutdown,
5.1.46 The fire resistance limits of enclosing structures and doors (gates) of elevator shafts are defined in the fire safety regulations,
5.1.47 Staircase doors in car parks must be fireproof with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30.
5.1.48 In buildings, structures of ground closed parking lots with a height of more than 15 m and underground parking lots with more than two floors (levels), at least one of the elevators should be provided with the “Transportation of fire departments” mode in accordance with GOST R 52382. The elevator car must have a floor with dimensions of at least 1100 × 2100 or 2100 × 1100 mm, the width of the doorway of the cabin and the shaft is at least 900 mm.
Elevators with the operating mode "Transportation of fire departments" in accordance with GOST R 52382 in parking lots must comply with the requirements of GOST R 53296, GOST R 53297 and regulatory documents on fire safety.
5.1.49 When parking permanently stored vehicles (except for those located under residential buildings), designed for more than 200 parking spaces, it is necessary to provide for washing vehicles with treatment facilities and a circulating water supply system. Such parking should be designed in accordance with SP 32.13330.
5.1.50 The number of posts and the type of washing (manual or automatic) are taken from the condition of organizing one post for 200 parking spaces and one post for each subsequent full and incomplete 200 parking spaces and are set in the design task.
5.1.51 Instead of a washing device, it is allowed to use washing points located within a radius of no more than 400 m from the designed object.
5.1.52 In underground car parks, it is allowed to place a car wash, rooms for technical personnel, pump fire extinguishing and water supply, transformer substations only with dry transformers or with transformers filled with non-combustible liquid not lower than the first (upper) floor.
The placement of other technical premises of the underground car parking (automatic pumping stations for pumping water when extinguishing a fire and other water leaks, water metering units, power supply premises, ventilation chambers, heating points, etc.) is not regulated.
5.1.53 In the premises of buildings in which parking lots are built, the noise level must be ensured in accordance with SP 51.13330.
5.1.54 When using the roof of a building for car parking, the same requirements are set for its coverage as for parking floors. The top layer of such an exploitable roof covering should be provided from materials that do not spread combustion (the group of building materials for the spread of flame should not be lower than RP1).
5.1.55 Emissions into the atmosphere from cars for car parks under construction or reconstructed are determined by calculating the dispersion of emissions from a car (when developing the section of the project "Measures for environmental protection"). Methods for calculating the dispersion of emissions into the atmosphere from vehicles are adopted according to the annual list of methods for calculating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere 1) .
a atmospheric air, prepared by OAO NII Atmosfera and put into effect by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia in agreement with Rostekhnadzor.
5.1.56 On the exploited flat roofs of underground, semi-underground, closed bunded and ground car parks, it is necessary to provide for the creation of such architectural and landscape objects as elevated gardens. Recommendations for the design of landscaping and landscaping of operated flat roofs, residential, public and other buildings are given in.
5.2 Special requirements for different types of car parks
Underground car parking
5.2.1 In underground car parks, it is not allowed to divide parking spaces with partitions into separate boxes.
In detached underground car parks with no more than two floors, located in an undeveloped area, independent entrances and exits should be provided directly to the outside from each underground floor.
5.2.2 The exits and entrances of underground parking lots (including sheds of structures) must be located at a distance from buildings of functional fire hazard subclasses F1.1, F1.3 and F4.1 in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330, and residential and public buildings - in accordance with the requirements of table 7.1.1 SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.
5.2.3 In the floors of underground parking lots, devices should be provided for draining water in case of fire extinguishing into the storm sewer network or onto the terrain with or without a local treatment facility.
5.2.4 Exit-entrance from the built-in underground car parking, as well as exit-entry from the elevator when transporting cars to the underground parking should be provided directly outside or through the parking lot on the first or basement floor. Entrances and exits from underground and built-in parking lots, their communication with other parts of the building, the arrangement of common elevator shafts must comply with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
5.2.5 When constructing architectural and landscape objects (for example, elevated gardens) above underground and semi-underground car parks, the following requirements must be met:
a) the design of the top cover of the parking lot is taken to be similar to the design of the entrances to the building (for partial open parking);
b) the territory of the elevated garden must be limited by a board 0.5 m high to prevent the arrival of cars. Sports grounds must be fenced with a mesh up to 4 m high;
c) playgrounds (recreation, games and sports, children's) should be located no closer than 15 m from the ventilation shafts.
Closed surface car parks
5.2.6 In surface car parks of fire resistance degrees I and II, when cars of individual owners are stored in separate boxes, the fire resistance limit of partitions between boxes should be R 45, the class of constructive fire hazard - K0. The gates in these boxes (with the exception of the exit gates leading directly to the outside) should be provided in the form of a mesh fence.
5.2.7 When used in boxes of volumetric fire extinguishing installations, gates in separate boxes should be provided with blind, without openings. In this case, ramps common to all floors, ramps may not be separated from the car storage rooms by fire barriers required by 5.1.37.
5.2.8 If there is an exit from each box directly to the outside in one-two-story buildings of fire resistance degrees I-III, constructive fire hazard class C0, partitions made of non-combustible (NG) materials with a standardized fire resistance limit, as well as blind gates, should be made. At the same time, in two-story buildings, interfloor ceilings must be fireproof with a fire resistance limit of REI 45.
Surface flat one-level open-type car parks
5.2.9 Surface flat single-level parking lots of an open type (without foundations) must have a fence, spaced entry-exit points, and fire extinguishing equipment. They also have security, signaling and time recording facilities, and other automated systems.
5.2.10 It is recommended to take the shortest distances to the entrances and exits of parking lots:
50 m - from the intersections of the main streets;
20 m - streets of local importance;
30 m - from stopping points of public passenger transport.
Surface open car parks
5.2.11 The width of the building (between open openings in opposite walls) of open-type ground parking lots (for cars) with natural (without mechanical draft induction) ventilation and without smoke ventilation in case of fire should not exceed 40 m.
5.2.12 Arrangement of boxes, construction of walls (with the exception of the walls of staircases) and partitions that impede ventilation are not allowed.
5.2.13 Open openings in external enclosing structures may be closed with mesh or blinds, and to reduce the impact of precipitation over open openings, roofs and blinds made of non-combustible (NG) materials should be provided. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor must be provided in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety.
5.2.14 In buildings of fire resistance degree IV, the enclosing structures of evacuation staircases and their elements must comply with the requirements for staircases in buildings of fire resistance degree III.
5.2.15 It is not required to provide smoke exhaust and ventilation systems in open car parks.
5.2.16 In open-type car parks, a heated room should be provided for storing primary fire extinguishing equipment, personal protective equipment and fire tools (on the ground floor).
5.2.17 It is allowed to use protective devices in the openings of the outer walls of open parking lots, and to reduce the impact of precipitation over open openings, canopies made of non-combustible (NG) materials can be provided. At the same time, through ventilation of the parking lot (floor) must be ensured.
5.2.18 At least two emergency exits should be provided from each floor.
When used as an evacuation route, the passage along the ramps to the mezzanine to the stairwells must be at least 0.8 m wide and rise above the carriageway by 0.10 - 0.15 m or be fenced with a wheel deflector.
5.2.19 Staircase structures in all open-type parking buildings, regardless of their degree of fire resistance, must have a fire resistance rating of at least REI 90 and a structural fire hazard class of K0.
5.2.20 In the parking lot, looped dry pipes with check valves should be provided at the branch pipes brought outside for mobile fire fighting equipment.
Modular prefabricated car parks
5.2.21 Modular pre-fabricated car parking - a metal structure assembled from standard unified elements, with the possibility of dismantling without damaging the structure (temporary structure), on which parking spaces are placed floor by floor (tiered). The structure is installed on a reinforced concrete base slab or a prefabricated foundation. Modular pre-fabricated car parks can be of arena, mechanized, semi-mechanized types.
5.2.22 Modular superstructures are used in open areas, above existing flat parking lots to increase the number of parking spaces. Their construction does not apply to capital construction; if necessary, they can be dismantled and moved to another site. The modular superstructure can be installed floor by floor and in various configurations.
5.2.23 The modular superstructure shall be fitted with lighting fixtures and safety barriers.
Floating (landing stage) car parking
5.2.24 Floating (landing stage) car parking can be located, if necessary, on existing or newly built landing stages in case of a shortage of urban parking areas. The landing stage consists of a permanently installed floating pontoon and a superstructure on it.
The superstructure can be single-deck (one-deck landing stage) or two-deck (double-deck landing stage).
5.2.25 Cars are loaded onto the landing stage by ladders or mechanically without the participation of the owner.
Floating (landing stage) car parks are allowed to be designed using an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of non-combustible (NG) materials.
Mechanized car parking
5.2.26 Multi-tier rack storage of cars in a mechanized car park is allowed using mechanized means of delivery and installation of a car from a receiving box to a storage cell and vice versa, when equipping storage cells (places) and a parking box with automatic fire extinguishing equipment that provides irrigation of each tier of parking spaces.
In mechanized and semi-mechanized car parks, the dimensions of parking spaces and the number of storage tiers are determined by technological requirements, taking into account the size and layout of equipment.
There are the following types of mechanized parking systems:
a) tower - a multi-tiered vertically oriented self-supporting structure, consisting of a central elevator-type lift with a one- or two-coordinate manipulator and racks located on two to four sides of it with longitudinal or transverse cells for storing cars;
b) multi-storey - with a pair of vertical rows of stationary places for storing cars, between which space is provided for moving a mechanized device;
c) rack multi-tier - one- or two-row rack with cells for storing cars, the movement of which is carried out by lifts and two- or three-coordinate manipulators;
d) rotary - with the movement of cars along a curved path;
e) three-dimensional matrix systems - are characterized by the maximum filling of the parking space with movable car storage cells in the volume of the matrix.
5.2.27 Mechanized car parks are allowed to be designed ground and underground. It is allowed to attach ground parking lots only to blank walls (fire resistance not less than REI 150) of buildings for other purposes (with the exception of medical organizations with a hospital, general education and preschool educational organizations). The height of mechanized car parks attached to buildings for other purposes or built into them is determined by the height of the main building.
5.2.28 The composition and areas of premises, storage cells (places), parameters of car parking are taken in accordance with the technical features of the car parking system used.
Management of mechanized devices, control over their operation and fire safety of parking lots should be carried out from the control rooms located on the landing floor.
Mechanized car parking includes:
Access roads to the terminal for placing a queue of cars;
Car transfer terminals for mechanized car parking devices;
Mechanized devices for horizontal and vertical movement of vehicles;
Working areas of mechanized devices;
Vehicle storage areas.
5.2.29 Mechanized car parks must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations in accordance with fire safety regulations.
5.2.30 Buildings (structures) of above-ground mechanized car parks must be of class C0 constructive fire hazard. In elevated buildings (structures) of fire resistance degree IV, it is allowed to use an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of non-combustible (NG) materials or materials of group G1, without the use of combustible heat-insulating materials.
5.2.31 A parking block with a mechanized device should be provided with a capacity of no more than 100 parking spaces and a building height of no more than 28 m.
Each of the blocks of the mechanized parking lot must be provided with an entrance for fire trucks and the possibility of access for fire departments to any floor (tier) from two opposite sides of the block of the parking lot (through glazed or open openings).
With a building height of up to 15 m above the ground, the capacity of the block can be increased to 150 parking spaces. In the parking block with a mechanized device for maintenance of systems of mechanized devices on floors (tiers), an open staircase made of non-combustible (NG) materials is allowed.
5.2.32 It is allowed to design mechanized car parks not lower than fire resistance degree IV and constructive fire hazard class C0.
Underground mechanized parking spaces should be provided in a separate fire compartment, separated by fire walls and type 1 ceilings.
5.2.33 In open-type mechanized car parks, enclosing structures may be provided in accordance with 5.2.13. Ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are not required.
Dumped car parks
5.2.34 The embanked car parks are intended for construction in the courtyards of residential areas, microdistricts, quarters, using the parking lot cover for landscaping and landscaping, playgrounds and sports grounds.
5.2.35 The distance from the entrance and exit from the parking lot and ventilation shafts of the parking lot to buildings for other purposes is regulated by the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
5.2.36 The minimum distances from the bunded sides of parking lots to buildings are not limited.
5.2.37 The constructive fire hazard class of bunded car parks should be provided not lower than C0, the degree of fire resistance - not lower than II.
Semi-mechanized car parks
5.2.38 In car parks with semi-mechanized parking located in buildings not lower than fire resistance degree III (in underground parking not lower than fire resistance degree I) and constructive fire hazard class C0, it is allowed to provide two-level storage of cars within one floor. When using automatic water fire extinguishing installations in such parking lots, the placement of sprinklers should ensure the irrigation of cars at each storage level.
5.2.39 In one-story underground semi-mechanized car parks, it is allowed to place a car in two tiers on a floor in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
5.2.40 The composition and areas of premises, storage cells (places), parameters of car parking are taken in accordance with the technical features of the car parking system used.
5.2.41 At least two dispersed exits for evacuation should be provided from each storage level of a semi-mechanized car parking.
6 Engineering equipment and utility networks
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Engineering and technical support networks for parking lots and their engineering equipment should be provided taking into account the requirements of SP 30.13330, SP 32.13330, SP 60.13330, SP 104.13330 and fire safety regulations, except as otherwise specifically provided for in this set of rules.
In car parks, the requirements for ventilation systems should be adopted according to the specified documents as for warehouse buildings that are classified as category B in terms of explosion and fire hazard.
6.1.2 In multi-storey buildings of car parking, sections of engineering communications (water supply, sewerage, heat supply) passing through the ceilings must be made of metal pipes.
6.1.3 In places where cable lines and electrical wiring of engineering systems, including fire protection, pass through building structures with a rated fire resistance limit, cable penetrations with a fire resistance limit not lower than the fire resistance limits of such structures should be provided. The sheath of electrical cables used in parking lots must comply with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
6.1.4 Engineering and technical support networks for car parking should be autonomous from engineering networks of fire compartments of another class of functional fire hazard.
During the transit laying of utilities belonging to the building in which the parking lot is built (attached) through the parking spaces, these networks (except for water supply, sewerage, heat supply, made of metal pipes) must be insulated with building structures with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
6.2 Water supply and sanitation system
6.2.1 The number of jets and the minimum water consumption per jet for internal fire extinguishing of heated closed car parks should be taken as follows:
2 jets of 2.5 l / s - with a fire compartment volume from 0.5 to 5000 m 3;
2 jets of 5 l / s - with a fire compartment volume of more than 5000 m 3.
It is allowed not to provide internal fire water supply in one- and two-storey car parks of box type with direct exit to the outside from each box.
6.2.2 In unheated car parks, internal fire water supply systems are performed in accordance with fire safety regulations.
In one- and two-story box-type car parks with direct exit to the outside from each box, it is allowed not to provide an internal fire water supply.
6.2.3 Engineering networks and networks that ensure fire safety of car parks with a capacity of more than 50 parking spaces built (attached) to buildings for other purposes must be autonomous from the engineering systems of these buildings. With a capacity of 50 or less parking spaces, the separation of these systems is not required, except for the ventilation system (including smoke control). It is allowed to combine pumps into groups, taking into account the volume of the maximum water flow when extinguishing a fire.
6.2.4 In underground car parks with two floors or more, internal fire water supply and automatic fire extinguishing installations must be equipped with branch pipes brought out to the outside with connecting heads equipped with valves and check valves for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment.
6.2.5 Estimated water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings for all types of car parks - in accordance with fire safety regulations.
6.2.6 Check valves should be installed on the supply network between the fire pumps and the fire water supply network.
6.2.7 When storing cars in parking lots in two tiers or more, the placement of irrigation systems for automatic water fire extinguishing should ensure the irrigation of cars at each storage level.
6.3 Heating, heating networks, ventilation and smoke protection
6.3.1 In heated car parks, the design air temperature in the car storage rooms should be taken at least 5 °C, in the washing posts, in the switchboard, fire extinguishing pump, water supply inlet - 5 °C.
6.3.2 In unheated car parks, heating should be provided only for auxiliary rooms specified in 5.1.8.
For the storage of vehicles that must always be ready for departure (firemen, medical aid, emergency services, etc.), it is necessary to provide heated rooms.
6.3.3 Heating should be provided for the storage area and ramps in closed heated car parks. The premises of washing posts, checkpoints, control rooms, as well as an electrical panel room, a fire extinguishing pump, a water supply inlet must be heated both in warm and unheated indoor and outdoor car parks.
6.3.4 Entrance and exit external gates should be equipped with air-thermal curtains in heated car parks when 50 or more cars are placed in the storage area.
6.3.5 In closed car parks in car storage rooms, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided to dilute and remove harmful gas emissions according to the assimilation calculation, ensuring the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.
In unheated ground-based car parks of a closed type, forced ventilation with mechanical stimulation should be provided only for areas that are more than 20 m away from openings in external fences.
6.3.6 In closed-type car parks, it is necessary to provide for the installation of devices for measuring the concentration of CO and the corresponding alarm devices for controlling CO in a room with round-the-clock duty of personnel.
6.3.7 Fire dampers shall be installed in the exhaust air ducts where they cross fire barriers.
Transit air ducts outside the serviced floor or premises allocated with fire barriers should be provided in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
6.3.8 In closed ground and underground car parks, smoke ventilation systems should be provided to remove combustion products from the fire floor from car storage rooms and from isolated ramps in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
6.3.9 Smoke removal must be provided through exhaust shafts with mechanical draft induction. In ground car parks up to two floors and one-story underground car parks, it is allowed to provide for natural smoke removal. In these cases, it is necessary to install exhaust smoke shafts with natural exhaust through openings equipped with a mechanized drive for opening transoms. In parking lots built into buildings for other purposes, smoke removal through openings is not allowed.
The required smoke exhaust costs, the number of shafts, smoke dampers and the area of opening transoms are determined by calculation.
In closed ground and underground car parks, when removing combustion products directly from the premises, they should be divided into smoke zones with an area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 3000 m 2, taking into account the occurrence of a fire in one of the zones. The area of the room attributable to one smoke detector is taken to be no more than 1000 m 2. The number of such devices attached to the smoke shaft is not limited.
6.3.10 In the stairwells leading directly to the outside and in the elevator shafts of parking lots, provision should be made for air overpressure in case of fire or the device on all floors of type 1 airlocks with air overpressure in case of fire:
a) with two underground floors or more;
b) if stairwells and elevators connect the underground and surface parts of the car park;
c) if stairwells and elevators connect the car park with the ground floors of a building for another purpose.
6.3.11 In the event of a fire, general ventilation should be switched off.
The order (sequence) of turning on smoke protection systems should provide for the start of exhaust ventilation (before the supply ventilation).
6.3.12 Control of smoke protection systems should be carried out from a fire alarm (or an automatic fire extinguishing installation), remotely - from a central control panel for fire protection systems, as well as from buttons or mechanical manual start devices installed at the entrance to the parking floor, on landings on floors (in cabinets of fire hydrants).
6.3.13 Elements of smoke protection systems (fans, shafts, air ducts, valves, smoke intakes, etc.) should be provided in accordance with SP 60.13330 and fire safety regulations.
In exhaust smoke ventilation systems, the resistance of fire (including smoke) dampers to smoke and gas permeation must be at least 1.6∙10 3 m 3 /kg in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
6.3.14 When determining the main parameters of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation, the following initial data should be taken into account:
The occurrence of a fire (burning of one car or two or more cars - with two or more levels of mechanized parking) in the ground parking lot on the lower standard floor, and in the underground parking lot on the upper and lower standard floors;
Geometric characteristics of a typical floor (tier) - exploited area of openings, area of enclosing structures;
The position of openings for emergency exits (open from the fire floor to external exits);
Outside air parameters.
6.3.15 Requirements for the design of ventilation shafts for underground parking lots are given in the fire safety regulations.
Exhaust ventilation shafts of car parks with a capacity of 100 parking spaces or more must be placed at a distance of at least 30 m from multi-apartment residential buildings, sites of preschool educational organizations, dormitories of boarding schools, hospitals of medical institutions.
The ventilation openings of these shafts must be located at least 2 m above ground level. With a parking capacity of more than 10 parking spaces, the distance from the ventilation shafts to these buildings and their elevation above the level of the roof of the structure is determined by calculating the dispersion of emissions into the atmosphere and noise levels in the residential area.
Noise absorption of the ventilation equipment of car parks built into residential buildings should be calculated taking into account work at night.
6.4 Power supply networks
6.4.1 Power supply and electrical devices of car parks should be designed in accordance with the requirements and.
6.4.2 To ensure the reliability of consumers of power supply, parking lots should be classified into the following categories:
a) to category I - electrical installations used in fire protection, including automatic fire extinguishing and automatic signaling, smoke protection, elevators for transporting fire departments, fire alarm systems, electric drives for fire gate mechanisms, automatic air control systems in storage rooms gas-balloon cars;
b) to category II - electric drives of elevators and other mechanized devices for moving cars; electric drives for gate opening mechanisms without a manual drive and emergency lighting for car parks that are constantly ready to leave;
Electric cables supplying fire-fighting devices should be connected directly to the input shields of the building (structure) and must not be used simultaneously for connection to other current collectors.
Cable lines supplying fire protection systems should be made with fire-resistant cables with copper conductors. Their use for other electrical receivers is not allowed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety.
6.4.3 Lighting of car storage rooms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 52.13330.
6.4.4 Light indicators must be connected to the emergency (evacuation) lighting network:
a) emergency exits on each floor;
b) ways of movement of cars;
c) places of installation of connecting heads for connecting fire equipment;
d) places of installation of primary fire extinguishing means;
e) locations of external hydrants (on the facade of the structure);
f) license plates on the facade of a building, structure;
g) entrances to the fire extinguishing pump room.
6.4.5 Ways of movement of cars inside parking lots should be equipped with signs orienting the driver.
Lamps indicating the direction of movement are installed at turns, in places where slopes change, on ramps, entrances to floors, entrances and exits to floors and stairwells.
Direction indicators are installed at a height of 2 and 0.5 m from the floor within line of sight from any point on the evacuation routes and vehicle passages.
Light indicators of the installation sites of connecting heads for fire equipment, installation sites of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers should turn on automatically when the fire automation systems are triggered.
6.4.6 In closed-type car parks at the entrances to each floor, sockets connected to the power supply network of category I must be installed to enable the use of electrified fire fighting equipment for a voltage of 220 V.
6.5 Automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarms
6.5.1 Automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems, fire alarms used in car parks must comply with the requirements of fire safety regulations.
6.5.2 The type of automatic fire extinguishing installation, the method of extinguishing and the type of fire extinguishing agents are accepted in accordance with the fire safety regulations.
6.5.3 Automatic fire extinguishing in car storage areas should be provided in closed car parks:
a) underground - regardless of the number of storeys;
b) ground - with two floors or more;
c) one-story ground fire resistance degrees I, II and III with an area of 7000 m 2 or more, fire resistance degree IV, constructive fire hazard class C0, an area of 3600 m 2 or more, constructive fire hazard class C1 - 2000 m 2 or more, constructive fire hazard classes hazard C2, C3 - 1000 m 2 and more; when storing cars in these buildings in separate boxes (allocated in accordance with 6.2.2) - if the number of boxes is more than 5;
d) built into buildings for other purposes;
e) located under bridges;
f) mechanized parking lots;
g) attached to buildings for other purposes or built into these buildings with a capacity of not more than 10 parking spaces.
6.5.4 In car parks with separate boxes that meet the requirements of 5.2.6, when using modular fire extinguishing installations (self-actuated modules) in each box, automatic fire extinguishing of passages between the boxes is not required, while these passages must be equipped with mobile fire extinguishers by floor (types of OP -50, OP-100) at the rate of: with the area of passages on the floor up to 500 m 2 - 1 pc. per floor, more than 500 m 2 - 2 pcs. to the floor.
6.5.5 Automatic fire alarm should be equipped with:
a) one-story ground closed car parks with an area less than specified in 6.5.3 or with up to 25 parking spaces inclusive;
b) separate boxes and passages between them when using modular fire extinguishing installations (self-actuating modules) in the boxes.
6.5.6 In one- and two-storey car parks of the box type, which do not provide for automatic fire extinguishing and signaling, exits to the outside from each box should be provided.
6.5.7 Underground car parks (with the exception of those built-in and attached to buildings of the subclass of functional fire hazard F1.4) with a capacity of up to 50 parking spaces inclusive, must be equipped with a warning and evacuation control system of the 2nd type, over 50 and up to 200 parking spaces inclusive - 3rd type, over 200 - 4th type.
Closed ground car parks with two floors or more (with the exception of car parks with direct exit to the outside of each box and mechanized car parks) with a capacity of up to 100 parking spaces must be equipped with warning and evacuation control systems of the 1st type, more than 100 parking spaces - 2nd type.
Annex A
(reference)
Classification of cars used to determine the dimensions of parking spaces in car parks
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Vehicle class (type) |
Dimensions, mm, no more |
Minimum overall radius, mm |
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Length L |
Width IN |
Height H |
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Minibuses |
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Notes 1 Distances when placing vehicles for storage indoors, m, not less than, are accepted taking into account the minimum allowable safety clearances: 0.8 - between the longitudinal side of the car and the wall, 0.8 - between the longitudinal sides of the cars installed parallel to the wall, 0.5 - between the longitudinal side of the car and the column or pilaster of the wall; Between the front of the vehicle and a wall or gate when arranging vehicles: 0.7 - rectangular, 0.7 - oblique; Between the rear of the vehicle and a wall or gate when arranging vehicles: 0.7 - rectangular, 0.7 - oblique, 0.6 - between cars standing one behind the other; For boxed storage: IN+ 1600 mm - width, L+ 1400 mm - length. 2 Types (classes) of placed cars are determined in the design task. 3 Minimum overall radius - the minimum turning radius of the vehicle (or minimum turning circle). Determined by the track of the outer front wheel of the car. This value is less than the value of the minimum turning radius on the body (on the front bumper) |
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Bibliography
Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures"
Federal Law of November 23, 2009, No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation"
Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements"
PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations (7th ed.)
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MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
|
SET OF RULES |
SP 113.13330.2012 |
CAR PARKING
Updated edition
SNiP 21-02-99*
Moscow 2012
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for developing sets of rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 “On the Procedure for development and approval of codes of practice"
About the set of rules
1 PERFORMERS: Open Joint Stock Company "Institute of Public and Residential Buildings, Structures and Complexes" (JSC "Institute of Public Buildings"); Open Joint Stock Company "Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Industrial Buildings and Structures" (OJSC "TsNIIpromzdaniy")
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Architecture, Building and Urban Policy
4 APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 29, 2011 No. 635/9 and entered into force on January 01, 2013.
5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision 113.13330.2011 "SNiP 21-02-99* Car Parking"
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet.
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1 area of use. 2 3 Terms and definitions. 4 4 Location of car parks. 5 5 Space-planning and design solutions. 6 5.1 General requirements. 6 5.2 Special requirements for different types of car parks. 12 6 Engineering systems.. 16 6.1 General requirements. 16 6.2 Water supply. 17 6.3 Heating, ventilation and smoke protection. 17 6.4 Electrical devices. 19 6.5 Automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm. 20 Annex A (informative). Vehicle classification used to determine parameters. 21 car parking spaces. 21 Appendix B (informative). Typology of car parks. 22 Annex B (mandatory). Distances from parking lots to buildings and territories for various purposes. 22 Bibliography. 23 |
Introduction
This set of rules was developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 30, 2009 "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", Federal Law No. 261-FZ of November 23, 2009 "On Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, with the requirements of international and European regulatory documents, the use of uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and evaluation methods. The requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” (Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ) and sets of rules for the fire protection system were also taken into account.
Team of authors: JSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (development manager - Candidate of Architecture, prof. A.M. Garnets, cand. architecture A.M. Bazilevich, cand. tech. Sciences A.I. Tsyganov); OJSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy" (candidate of architecture D.K. Leikin, cand. tech. Sciences THOSE. Storozhenko).
SET OF RULES
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CAR PARKING Parkings |
Introduction date 2013-01-01
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design of buildings, structures, sites and premises for parking (storage) of cars and other motor vehicles. This document deals with parking garages for cars and minibuses (hereinafter referred to as parking lots), see Appendix A.
1.2 This set of rules does not apply to garages intended for the repair and maintenance of vehicles, as well as to parking lots of vehicles used to transport explosive, poisonous, infectious and radioactive substances.
2 Normative references
4 Location of car parks
4.1 Placement of parking lots of cars and other motor vehicles (hereinafter referred to as parking lots) on the territory of urban and rural settlements, the size of their land plots should be provided taking into account the requirements of SP 42.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200, SP 18.13330, SP 43.13330, SP 54.13330, SP 118.13330, of these rules.
4.2 Parking lots attached to buildings for other purposes must be separated from these buildings by fire walls of the 1st type.
4.3 Parking lots built into buildings for other purposes must have a degree of fire resistance and a class of constructive fire hazard not less than the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard of the building in which they are built, and be separated from the premises (floors) of these buildings by fire walls and ceilings of the 1st type.
4.4 In buildings of class F 1.3, the built-in parking lot can be separated by a type 2 fire ceiling, while the residential floors must be separated from the parking lot by a non-residential floor.
4.5 In buildings of class F 1.4, the built-in (attached) parking lot, accommodating one car of the owner of the house, is allocated with fire barriers in accordance with 6.11.4 SP 4.13130.
4.6 In car parks built into a building for other purposes or attached to it, in order to prevent the spread of fire, the distance from the car park openings to the bottom of the nearest window openings of a building for another purpose should be at least 4 m or fire-prevention filling of these openings (except for buildings of class F 1.4).
4.7 Placement of open and closed parking lots is not allowed in 1, 2, 3 belts of sanitary protection zones of water intakes for household and drinking purposes in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074, as well as in the protection zones of rivers and reservoirs.
4.8 Under conditions of sufficient protection of the aquifer, it is possible to place parking lots in the 3rd sanitary protection belt in case of carrying out measures to protect aquifers from the penetration of chemical and bacterial pollution from the surface. Such cases require mandatory coordination with the state sanitary and epidemiological, water, geological and hydrological, environmental supervision.
4.9 Parking lots can be located below and / or above ground level, consist of underground and above-ground parts, including using the roof of these buildings, attached to buildings for other purposes or built into buildings of other functional purposes of I and II degrees of fire resistance, class of constructive fire hazard C0 and C1, with the exception of buildings of functional fire hazard classes F 1.1, F 4.1, and F 5 of categories A and B (according to SP 12.13130).
Underground car parks may also be located in undeveloped areas (under driveways, streets, squares, squares, lawns, etc.).
4.10 Buildings of class F 1.4 can be built into parking lots regardless of their degree of fire resistance. In buildings of class F 1.3, it is allowed to build in car parks for cars only with permanently assigned places for individual owners.
Under buildings of class F 1.1, F 4.1, it is not allowed to have parking lots.
4.11 Closed parking lots for vehicles with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are not allowed to be built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level.
4.12 Distances from parking lots to other buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with SP 42.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
The distance from parking buildings with more than 300 parking spaces should be taken in accordance with the notes to table 10 of SP 42.13330. Minimum distances from bunded parking lots to buildings are not limited.
4.13 Storage of vehicles for the transportation of fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants) should, as a rule, be provided for in open areas or in separate one-story buildings not lower than II degree of fire resistance class C0. It is allowed to attach such car parks to blind fire walls of the 1st or 2nd type of industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class C0 (except for buildings of categories A and B), provided that cars with a total capacity of transported fuels and lubricants are stored in the car park no more than 30 cars.
In open areas, storage of vehicles for the transportation of fuels and lubricants should be provided for in groups of no more than 50 vehicles and a total capacity of these materials not more than 600 m 3. The distance between such groups, as well as to storage areas for other vehicles, must be at least 12 m.
The distance from the storage areas for vehicles for the transportation of fuels and lubricants to the buildings and structures of the enterprise should be taken according to SP 4.13130 in relation to warehouses of flammable liquids (flammable liquids), and to the administrative and amenity buildings of this enterprise - at least 50 m.
4.14 For cars of low-mobility groups of the population (MGN), places should be provided in accordance with SP 59.13330.
4.15 When determining the size of land plots of parking lots, SP 42.13330 should be followed.
4.16 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings, it is allowed to arrange built-in and built-in parking lots for cars and motorcycles in compliance with the conditions of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645.
4.17 The smallest distances to the entrances and exits from parking lots should be taken, m:
4.18 Closed parking lots for cars with engines running on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, built into buildings for other purposes and attached to them, as well as located below ground level, are not allowed.
5 Space-planning and design solutions
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The capacity of parking lots (number of parking spaces) is determined by calculation and reflected in the design task. In cases where a car park is being reconstructed, added or built in, it is required to take into account the features of the existing building.
5.1.2 Open car parking on the roof in operation without installing a canopy is not taken into account when calculating the above-ground floors; when installing a canopy, it is included in the number of above-ground floors and requires the installation of looped dry pipes. Parking lots on the operated roof must be provided with emergency exits. The installation of temporary shelters for vehicles on the operated roof is not allowed.
5.1.3 Car parking can be carried out:
a) with the participation of drivers - along ramps (ramps) or using freight elevators;
b) without the participation of drivers - by mechanized devices.
5.1.4 The parameters of car storage areas, ramps (ramps) and driveways in the parking lot, the distances between cars in storage places, as well as between cars and building structures are established by the project depending on the type (class) of cars, storage method, dimensions of cars, their maneuverability and placement, taking into account.
5.1.5 The dimensions of the parking place should be taken (taking into account the minimum allowable safety clearances) - 5.3 × 2.5 m, and for disabled people using wheelchairs - 6.0 × 3.6 m.
5.1.6 Categories of premises and buildings for storing vehicles in terms of explosion and fire hazard should be determined in accordance with SP 12.13130. Parking spaces may belong to categories B1 - B4, car parking buildings - to category B (with the exception of cars with engines running on compressed or liquefied gas).
5.1.7 The degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard, the permissible number of floors and floor area within the fire compartment of underground parking lots, closed and open above-ground parking lots should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 2.13130.
5.1.8 In parking buildings it is allowed to provide: service premises for service and duty personnel (control and cash desks, control room, security), sanitary facilities (including those adapted for MGN), a storeroom for customers' luggage, as well as public telephones and passenger elevators. Their necessity, composition and area are determined by the project, depending on the size of the parking lot and the features of its operation.
The specified premises, including the premises of the combined engineering systems, must be separated from each other and from the vehicle storage room by fireproof partitions of the 1st type. Exits from these rooms are allowed through the car storage rooms.
The composition and area of \u200b\u200bthe premises provided for the performance of certain types or groups of maintenance and current repair of vehicles are determined by the technological requirements given in.
It is allowed, according to the design assignment, to include administrative premises as part of parking lots, as well as a storage room for components.
5.1.9 When arranging car unloading points in car parks, it is allowed to provide them in separate rooms equipped with automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing and isolated from the car park premises by type 1 fire partitions; entry into these premises with the number of places of unloading no more than two is allowed through the premises of the parking lot. The planning decision should exclude the possibility of storing goods, containers, etc. in the named parking lots.
5.1.10 At parking lots with 50 or more places for permanent and temporary storage of cars at the main entrance-exit, a checkpoint (rooms for cleaning equipment, maintenance personnel, toilets, etc.) should be arranged, a platform for storing fire fighting equipment, installation of waste containers.
5.1.11 In the premises of the arena storage of cars owned by citizens, it is allowed to use a mesh fence made of non-combustible materials to allocate permanently fixed places.
5.1.12 Premises for car storage may be provided without natural lighting or with insufficient biological effect of natural lighting.
5.1.13 When designing car parks that provide for the storage of LPG vehicles, i.e. with engines running on liquefied petroleum gas - (LPG) and compressed (compressed) natural gas - (CNG), additional requirements for these premises, buildings and structures contained in and should be taken into account.
5.1.14 Premises for storage of gas-balloon vehicles should be provided in separate buildings and structures of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance of class C0.
Premises for storage of passenger gas-cylinder vehicles can be located on the upper floors of free-standing parking lots with cars running on gasoline or diesel fuel.
5.1.15 Premises for storage of LPG vehicles are not allowed to provide:
a) in the basement and underground floors of car parks;
b) in closed-type above-ground car parks located in buildings for other purposes;
c) in elevated car parks of a closed type with non-insulated ramps;
d) when storing cars in boxes that do not have direct access to the outside of each box.
5.1.16 The interconnection of parking spaces with other premises (not included in the parking complex) or an adjacent fire compartment is allowed through tambour locks with air overpressure in case of fire and deluge curtains above the opening from the side of the parking lot with automatic start in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.
5.1.23 In multi-story parking buildings, the slopes of the floors of each floor, as well as the placement of ladders and trays, should be provided so that liquids cannot enter the ramp and floors located below.
5.1.24 Inclined floors should have a slope of no more than 6%.
5.1.25 In buildings of multi-storey car parks, elevators must comply with the requirements of GOST R 52382.
In parking lots with storage of up to 50 parking spaces, it is allowed to install one freight elevator, up to 100 parking spaces, at least two freight elevators, more than 100 parking spaces - according to the calculation.
The doors of the elevator car shaft should be at least 2650 mm in width and at least 2000 mm in height, the internal dimensions of the cabin - according to. The dimensions of the cabin of one of the passenger elevators must ensure the transportation of MGN using wheelchairs, in accordance with GOST R 51631.
5.1.26 In parking lots built into buildings for other purposes, it is not allowed to provide common ordinary staircases and common elevator shafts. To ensure the functional connection of the car park and the building for other purposes, the exits from the elevator shafts and stairwells of the car park should be provided in the lobby of the main entrance of the specified building with the device on the floors of the car park of the vestibule locks of the 1st type with air overpressure in case of fire. If it is necessary to connect the parking lot with all floors of public buildings, it is allowed to design common elevator shafts with the “transportation of fire departments” mode; provided that double locking is performed on the floors of the parking lot with air overpressure in both locks (in the first, adjacent to the elevator shaft, the vestibule-lock at the rate of closed door, in the second - at the rate of a closed door) and the installation of a deluge curtain in accordance with.
All built-in and built-in-attached premises that are not related to the parking lot (including car shops, etc.) must be separated from the parking space by fire walls and type 1 ceilings and designed in accordance with applicable standards.
The rooms on duty and the premises for storing fire-fighting equipment must be equipped with an automatic fire alarm.
5.1.27 In multi-storey buildings of car parks, ramps (ramps), inclined floors or special elevators (mechanized devices) should be provided for the movement of cars.
When using structures having a continuous spiral floor, each complete turn should be considered as a tier (floor).
For multi-storey car parks with mezzanines, the total number of floors is defined as the number of mezzanines divided by two, the floor area is defined as the sum of two adjacent mezzanines.
5.1.28 The number of ramps and, accordingly, the number of required exits and entrances in car parks are determined depending on the number of cars located on all floors, except for the first one (for underground parking - on all floors), taking into account the mode of use of the car park, the estimated traffic intensity and planning solutions for his organization.
The type and number of ramps are accepted with the number of vehicles:
a) up to 100 - one single-track ramp with the use of appropriate signaling;
b) up to 1000 - one double-track ramp or two single-track ramps;
c) over 1000 - two double-track ramps.
Entry (exit) from the underground floors of the car park through the car storage area on the ground or basement floors is not allowed.
5.1.29 Marches of evacuation staircases and stairs of the 3rd type must have a width of at least 1 m.
5.1.30 The device of non-isolated ramps is allowed in surface car parks:
a) during the reconstruction of existing buildings of parking lots I and II degree of fire resistance; at the same time, a fire compartment (compartments) should be provided, defined as the sum of the floor areas connected by non-insulated ramps. The area of such a fire compartment should not exceed 10400 m 2 ;
b) in buildings of constructive fire hazard classes C0 and C1 floors inclusive of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a total floor area of not more than 10400 m 2;
c) in open car parks.
The arrangement of a common non-isolated ramp between the underground or above-ground floors of the car park is not allowed.
5.1.31 Ramps in car parks must meet the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal slope of straight ramps along the axis of the traffic lane in closed unheated and open-type parking lots should be no more than 18%, of curved ramps - no more than 13%, the longitudinal slope of open (not protected from atmospheric precipitation) ramps - no more than 10%;
b) the transverse slope of the ramps should be no more than 6%;
c) on ramps with pedestrian traffic, a sidewalk with a width of at least 0.8 m with a curb with a height of at least 0.1 m should be provided;
d) devices for smooth interfaces of ramps with horizontal sections of the floor with a slope of more than 13%;
e) ensuring the minimum width of the carriageway of ramps: straight and curved - 3.5 m, the minimum width of the entrance and exit lane - 3.0 m, and on the curved section - 3.5 m;
f) compliance with the minimum outer radius of curved sections of 7.4 m.
5.1.32 In underground and surface car parks with a capacity of up to 100 parking spaces, instead of ramps, it is allowed to provide for the installation of freight elevators for transporting cars.
When placing parking lots on two or more floors, at least two freight elevators are required in mines with air overpressure in case of fire, the enclosing structures of which must be with fire resistance limits not less than the fire resistance limits of interfloor ceilings.
The doors of elevator shafts of freight elevators must have a fire resistance rating of EI 60.
5.1.33 At least two exits to closed or open ramps should be provided from each fire compartment when installing a deluge curtain with automatic start in case of fire over an opening with type 1 fire gates.
5.1.34 In car parks, at least one elevator should be provided for each fire compartment, which has the operating mode "transportation of fire departments".
5.1.35 For access to the ramp or to the adjacent fire compartment near the gate or in the gate, a fire door (wicket) should be provided.
The height of the gate threshold should not exceed 15 cm.
5.1.36 In the premises for storing vehicles at the exit (entry) points to the ramp or to the adjacent fire compartment, as well as on the surface (if a parking lot is located there), measures should be taken to prevent possible fuel spillage in case of fire.
5.1.37 Ramps (ramps) common for all floors of the car park, intended for entry (exit), with two or more floors of car parks, must be separated (be isolated) on each floor from the car storage rooms, fire barriers, gates, vestibules in in accordance with the requirements of SP 4.13130.
In one-story underground parking lots, it is allowed not to arrange a tambour-gateway.
In underground car parks, instead of tambour locks, before entering isolated ramps from floors, it is allowed to provide for the installation of type 1 fire gates with an air curtain above them from the side of the car storage room, by means of flat air jets from nozzle devices, with an air flow rate of at least 10 m /s, with an initial jet thickness of at least 0.03 m and a jet width of at least the width of the protected opening.
5.1.38 In underground car parks with two underground floors or more, exits from underground floors to stairwells and exits from elevator shafts should be provided through floor locks with air overpressure in case of fire.
5.1.39 Passage from ramp to ramp through the floor is allowed:
a) in open car parks;
b) closed-type above-ground car parks;
c) in underground car parks with isolated ramps;
d) in unheated car parks.
5.1.40 If there is an exit from each box directly to the outside, it is allowed to provide partitions made of non-combustible materials with a non-standardized fire resistance limit in two-story buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance and one-story buildings of class C0. At the same time, in these two-story buildings, the floors must be fireproof of the 3rd type. The gates in these boxes must also have openings of at least 300 × 300 mm in size for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting condition of the box.
5.1.41 When dividing the floors of two-storey car parks with a fireproof ceiling, fire protection requirements may be accepted for each floor as for a one-story building. Fire ceilings must have a fire resistance of at least REI 60. The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures that ensure the stability of the fire ceiling and the attachment points between them must be at least R 60.
5.1.42 In elevated car parks of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class of constructive fire hazard C0, equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system, it is allowed to provide instead of fire gates in isolated ramps, automatic devices (smoke screens) made of non-combustible materials with vertical guides and blocking the ramp opening by floor when fire at least half of its height with an automatic water deluge curtain in two threads with a water flow rate of 1 l / s per meter of the width of the opening.
5.1.43 Doors and gates in fire barriers and tambour locks must be equipped with automatic devices for closing them in case of fire. For the possibility of laying fire hoses in the lower part of the gate, it is necessary to provide a hatch with a self-closing damper measuring 20 × 20 cm.
5.1.44 The floor covering of the car park must be resistant to oil products and designed for dry (including mechanized) cleaning of premises.
The coating of ramps and footpaths on them must exclude slipping.
5.1.45 Car park elevators, except for those having the “transportation of fire departments” mode, are equipped with automatic devices that ensure their lifting (lowering) in case of fire to the main landing floor, opening doors and subsequent shutdown.
5.1.46 The fire resistance limits of building envelopes and doors (gates) of elevator shafts are defined in.
5.1.47 Staircase doors in car parks must be fireproof with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30.
5.1.48 In car parks built into a building for other purposes or attached to it, in order to prevent the spread of fire, the distance from the car park openings to the bottom of the nearest window openings of a building for another purpose should be at least 4 m or fire-prevention filling of these openings (except for buildings F 1.4)
5.1.49 At parking lots for permanent storage of cars (except for those located under residential buildings) with more than 200 parking spaces, it is necessary to provide for washing cars with treatment facilities and a circulating water supply system; such parking lots should be designed in accordance with SP 32.13330.
5.1.50 The number of posts and the type of washing (manual or automatic) are accepted by the project from the condition of organizing one post for 200 parking spaces and then one post for every subsequent full and incomplete 200 parking spaces and are fixed in the design task.
5.1.51 Instead of a washing device, it is allowed to use existing washing points located within a radius of no more than 400 m from the designed facility.
5.1.52 In underground parking lots, car wash, technical staff rooms, pump fire extinguishing and water supply, transformer rooms with dry transformers may be located not lower than the first (upper) floor of the underground structure. Placement of other technical premises of the underground car park (automatic pumping stations for pumping water when extinguishing a fire and other water leaks; water metering units, power supply premises, ventilation chambers, heating points, etc.) is not limited.
5.1.53 In the premises of buildings in which parking lots are built, the noise level must be ensured in accordance with.
5.1.54 When using a car park deck, the requirements for this deck are the same as for normal car park decks. The top layer of such an exploitable coating should be provided from materials that do not spread combustion (the flame propagation group for such materials should not be lower than RP 1).
5.1.55 Environmental protection requirements apply to the design of newly constructed car parks. For objects being reconstructed or being built on the territory of existing enterprises, the determination of emissions from vehicles (when developing the environmental protection section of the project) is carried out by complex calculations for the entire enterprise.
Calculations of emissions into the atmosphere from cars are given in.
5.1.56 In order to improve the ecological situation in cities, the roofs of car parks, primarily underground and semi-underground, should provide for the creation of architectural and landscape objects - "ground gardens". Recommendations for the design of landscaping and landscaping are given in.
5.2 Special requirements for different types of car parks
Underground car parks
5.2.1 In underground parking lots, it is not allowed to divide parking spaces with partitions into separate boxes.
In detached underground car parks with no more than two floors, located in an undeveloped area, separate boxes are allowed. In this case, independent exits directly outside from each underground floor should be provided.
In parking lots located in the basement or basement floor of buildings of class F 1.3 and I and II degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to provide separate boxes to allocate places for storing cars owned by citizens.
5.2.2 Exits and entrances of underground parking lots (including sheds of structures) should be located at a distance from buildings of class F 1.1, F 1.3 and F 4.1 in accordance with the requirements of SP 42.13330.
5.2.3 In the floors of underground car parks, devices should be provided for draining water in case of fire extinguishing. Water drainage is allowed to be provided in the storm sewer network or on the terrain without the installation of local treatment facilities.
5.2.4 Entrances to and exits from underground parking should be taken in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
5.2.5 When constructing architectural and landscape objects (ground gardens) above underground and semi-underground parking lots, the following requirements must be met:
a) the design of the top covering of the car park is taken to be similar to the design of the entrances to the building (for partial open parking);
b) the territory of the ground garden should be limited by a high board of 0.5 m to prevent the arrival of vehicles. Sports grounds must be fenced with a mesh up to 4 m high;
c) any sites (recreation, children's, sports) should be located no closer than 15 m from the ventilation shafts;
Above-ground closed-type car parks for cars
5.2.6 In elevated car parks of I and II degrees of fire resistance, when storing cars in boxes, separate boxes, partitions between boxes with a fire resistance rating of R 45, fire hazard class K0 should be provided for the allocation of storage places for cars belonging to citizens. The gates in these boxes should be provided in the form of a mesh fence or the gates of each box at a height of 1.4 - 1.6 m should have an opening of at least 300 × 300 mm in size for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting condition of the box.
5.2.7 When used in boxes of volumetric fire extinguishing installations (self-actuated modules and systems: powder, aerosol, etc.), gates in separate boxes should be provided with blind ones, without the installation of these openings. In this case, ramps (ramps) common to all floors may not be separated from the car storage rooms by fire barriers required by 5.1.37.
5.2.8 If there is an exit from each box directly to the outside, it is allowed to provide partitions made of non-combustible materials with a non-standardized fire resistance limit in two-story buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance and one-story buildings of class C0. At the same time, in these two-story buildings, the floors must be fireproof of the 3rd type. The gates in these boxes must also have openings of at least 300 × 300 mm in size for supplying extinguishing agents and monitoring the fire-fighting condition of the box.
Above-ground open car parks for cars
5.2.9 Flat car parks should have a fence, spaced entry and exit points, fire extinguishing equipment. These requirements are listed in . They may also have security, signaling and time recording facilities, and other automated systems.
5.2.11 In open-type parking buildings, the width of the body should not exceed 40 m. The height of floor parapets should not exceed 1 m.
5.2.12 Arrangement of boxes, construction of walls (with the exception of the walls of staircases) and partitions that impede ventilation are not allowed.
5.2.13 It is allowed to use mesh or blinds made of non-combustible materials as filling open openings in the external enclosing structures. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor should be ensured.
To reduce the impact of precipitation, canopies and blinds made of non-combustible materials can be provided over open openings. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor should be ensured.
5.2.14 In buildings of IV degree of fire resistance, the enclosing structures of evacuation staircases and their elements must comply with the requirements for staircases of buildings of III degree of fire resistance.
5.2.15 Smoke exhaust and ventilation systems are not required.
5.2.16 In open-type car parks, a heated room for storing primary fire extinguishing equipment (on the ground floor) should be provided.
5.2.17 In the openings of the outer walls of an open-type car park, it is allowed to use protective devices that provide through ventilation of the car park.
To reduce the impact of precipitation, canopies made of non-combustible materials can be provided over open openings. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor should be ensured.
5.2.18 At least two emergency exits should be provided from each floor.
As an evacuation route, it is allowed to consider the passage along the ramps to the mezzanine to the stairwells. The passage should have a width of at least 80 cm and rise 10 - 15 cm above the carriageway or be fenced off with a wheel break.
5.2.19 Staircase structures in all open parking buildings, regardless of their degree of fire resistance, must have a fire resistance limit and a fire spread limit corresponding to the II degree of fire resistance according to.
5.2.20 In the parking lot, looped dry pipes with non-return valves at the branch pipes led outside for mobile fire fighting equipment should be provided.
Modular prefabricated car parks
5.2.21 A modular car park is a prefabricated metal structure on which parking spaces are placed floor by floor. The structure is installed on a reinforced concrete base slab or on a prefabricated foundation.
5.2.22 Modular superstructures are used in open areas, above existing flat parking lots to increase the number of available parking spaces.
5.2.23 The modular superstructure shall be fitted with lighting fixtures and safety barriers.
floating car parks
5.2.24 Car parks, if necessary, can be located on existing or newly constructed landing stages in case of a shortage of urban parking spaces. The landing stage, as a rule, consists of a floating pontoon and a superstructure. Landing stages can be concrete monolithic, precast-monolithic, prefabricated.
The superstructure can be single-deck - a single-deck landing stage, or double-deck - a two-deck landing stage.
Car parks with mechanized devices
5.2.26 It is allowed to store cars in a multi-tiered parking space using mechanized parking facilities when equipped with automatic fire extinguishing equipment that provides irrigation of each tier of the parking space.
5.2.27 Car parks with mechanized devices are allowed to be designed above ground and underground. It is allowed to attach surface car parks to buildings for other purposes only to blank walls with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 150.
5.2.28 The composition and areas of premises, storage cells (places), parameters of parking lots are accepted in accordance with the technical features of the car parking system used.
The control of a mechanized device, control over its operation and fire safety of the parking lot must be carried out from the control room located on the landing floor.
5.2.29 Parking lots with a mechanized device must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations in accordance with SP 5.13130.
5.2.30 Buildings (structures) of mechanized parking lots can be provided for above-ground class of constructive fire hazard C0.
Parking lots are allowed to be designed using an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of non-combustible materials without the use of combustible heaters (such as a multi-tiered whatnot).
5.2.31 A parking block with a mechanized device can have a capacity of no more than 100 parking spaces and a building height of no more than 28 m.
If it is necessary to arrange a parking lot from several blocks, they should be separated by fire partitions of the 1st type.
Each of the blocks of the mechanized parking lot must be provided with an entrance for fire trucks and the possibility of access for fire departments to any floor (tier) from two opposite sides of the block of the parking lot (through glazed or open openings).
With a building height of up to 15 m above the ground, the capacity of the block can be increased to 150 parking spaces. In the block of the mechanized parking lot for the maintenance of the systems of the mechanized device by floors (tiers), it is allowed to arrange an open staircase made of non-combustible materials.
5.2.32 Parking lots with mechanized devices may be designed not lower than IV degree of fire resistance and constructive fire hazard class C0.
5.2.33 In open-type mechanized parking areas, enclosing structures may be provided in accordance with 5.2.13. Ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are not required.
bunded car parks
5.2.34 The embanked car parks are mainly intended for the construction of residential areas, microdistricts, quarters on the intra-yard territories, using the car park cover for landscaping and landscaping, playgrounds and sports grounds.
5.2.35 The distance from the entrance and exit from the parking lot and ventilation shafts to buildings for other purposes is regulated by the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200.
5.2.36 Minimum distances from the bunded sides of car parks to buildings are not limited.
5.2.37 The constructive fire hazard class of bunded car parks should be provided not lower than C0, the degree of fire resistance - not lower than II.
Mechanized parking
5.2.38 Mechanized car parking (MAP) - a temporary prefabricated structure in which special (mechanized) devices are used to transport cars.
5.2.39 The mechanized car parking system includes:
a) access roads to the terminal for placing a queue of cars;
b) terminals for the transfer of vehicles to mechanized MAP devices;
c) mechanized devices for horizontal and vertical movement of vehicles;
d) working areas of mechanized devices;
e) car storage areas.
5.2.40 MAP classify:
a) by the level of automation;
b) according to the mobility of car storage places;
c) if possible, unimpeded collection of cars;
d) according to the design of the elements of the capture (transfer and storage) of cars;
e) according to the relative spatial arrangement of parked cars.
5.2.41 Mechanized car parking systems can be:
a) tower type;
b) multi-storey with a pair of vertical rows of stationary storage places for cars, between which space is provided for moving a mechanized device;
c) shelving, providing for regrouping and mobility of storage places;
d) rotary - with the movement of cars along a curved path.
6 Engineering systems
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Parking engineering systems and their engineering equipment should be provided taking into account the requirements of SP 5.13130, SP 6.13130, SP 7.13130, SP 10.13130, SP 30.13330, SP 60.13330, SP 104.13330, except as otherwise specifically provided for in this Code rules.
In car parks, the requirements for ventilation systems should be adopted according to the specified documents as for warehouse buildings classified as fire hazard category B.
6.1.2 In multi-storey buildings of parking lots, sections of engineering communications (water supply, sewerage, heat supply) passing through the floors must be made of metal pipes.
6.1.3 Cable networks crossing floors must also be laid in metal pipes or in communication boxes (niches) with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 150.
In underground car parks, electric cables with a flame retardant sheath should be used.
6.1.4 The engineering systems of parking lots built into buildings for other purposes or attached to them must be autonomous from the engineering systems of these buildings.
In the case of transit laying of engineering communications through the parking spaces belonging to the building in which the parking lot is built (attached), these communications (except for water supply, sewerage, heat supply, made of metal pipes) must be insulated with building structures with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
6.2 Water supply
6.2.1 The number of jets and the minimum water consumption per jet for internal fire extinguishing of heated closed-type parking lots should be taken: with a fire compartment volume of 0.5 to 5 thousand m 3 - 2 jets of 2.5 l / s, over 5 thousand m 3 - 2 jets of 5 l / s in accordance with SP 10.13130.
It is allowed not to provide an internal fire-fighting water supply in one- and two-story box-type parking lots with direct exit to the outside from each box.
6.2.2 In unheated car parks, internal fire water supply systems are carried out in accordance with SP 10.13130.
In car parks with separate boxes that meet the requirements of 5.2.12, including one-story underground ones, it is allowed not to provide internal fire water supply when using self-triggering fire extinguishing modules in each box.
6.2.3 Engineering systems that ensure the fire safety of car parks with a capacity of more than 50 parking spaces, built-in (attached) to buildings for other purposes, must be autonomous from the engineering systems of these buildings, with a capacity of 50 or less parking spaces, separation of these systems is not required, except ventilation systems (including smoke control). It is allowed to combine groups of pumps, taking into account the volume of the maximum water flow when extinguishing a fire.
6.2.4 In underground car parks with two floors or more, internal fire water supply and automatic fire extinguishing installations must have branch pipes with connecting heads brought out to the outside, equipped with valves and check valves, for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment.
6.2.5 Estimated water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of closed and open types of elevated parking lots is given in.
6.2.6 Check valves should be installed on the supply network between the fire pumps and the fire water supply network.
6.3 Heating, ventilation and smoke protection
6.3.1 In heated car parks, the design air temperature in the car storage rooms should be taken as at least 5 °C.
6.3.2 In unheated car parks, it is sufficient to provide heating only for auxiliary rooms specified in 5.1.8.
For the storage of vehicles that must always be ready for departure (firemen, medical aid, emergency services, etc.), it is necessary to provide heated rooms.
6.3.3 In closed-type parking lots in car storage rooms, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided to dilute and remove harmful gas emissions according to the assimilation calculation, ensuring the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.
In unheated closed-type aboveground car parks, forced ventilation with mechanical stimulation should be provided only for areas that are more than 20 m away from openings in external fences.
6.3.4 In car parks of a closed type, it is necessary to provide for the installation of devices for measuring the concentration of CO and the corresponding alarm devices for controlling CO in a room with round-the-clock duty of personnel.
6.3.5 In the exhaust air ducts where they cross fire barriers, normally open fire dampers shall be installed.
Transit air ducts outside the served floor or the room allocated with fire barriers should be provided with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30.
In exhaust smoke ventilation systems, fire (including smoke) dampers must have resistance to smoke and gas permeability in accordance with GOST R 53301.
6.3.12 When determining the main parameters of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation, the following initial data should be taken into account:
a) the occurrence of a fire (car fire or fire in one of the auxiliary premises) in the above-ground parking lot on the lower standard floor, and in the underground - on the upper and lower standard floors;
b) geometric characteristics of a typical floor (tier) - exploited area, opening, area of enclosing structures;
d) the position of the emergency exit openings (open from the fire floor to the outer exits);
e) outdoor air parameters,
6.3.13 Requirements for the design of ventilation shafts for underground parking lots are given in.
Exhaust ventilation shafts of car parks with a capacity of 100 parking spaces or more must be placed at a distance of at least 30 m from multi-apartment residential buildings, areas of preschool institutions, dormitories of boarding schools, hospitals of medical institutions. Ventilation openings of these shafts must be provided at least 2 m above ground level. With a parking capacity of more than 10 parking spaces, the distance from the ventilation shafts to these buildings and their elevation above the roof level of the structure are determined by calculating the dispersion of emissions into the atmosphere and noise levels in the residential area.
The noise absorption of the ventilation equipment of car parks built into residential buildings should be calculated taking into account work at night.
6.4 Electrical devices
6.4.1 Electrical devices of car parks are installed in and .
6.4.2 To ensure the reliability of power supply, consumers of car parks should be classified into the following categories:
a) category I - electrical installations used in fire protection, including for automatic fire extinguishing and automatic signaling, smoke protection, elevators for transporting fire departments, fire warning systems, electric drive mechanisms for fire gates, automatic air control systems in rooms storage of gas-balloon cars;
c) electric drives for gate opening mechanisms without a manual drive and emergency lighting of car parks that are constantly ready to leave;
Electrical cables supplying fire-fighting devices must be connected directly to the input shields of the building (structure) and must not be simultaneously used for supply to other current collectors.
Cable lines supplying fire protection systems must be made of fire-resistant cables with copper conductors and cannot be used for other electrical receivers.
6.4.3 Lighting of car storage rooms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 52.13330.
6.4.4 Light indicators must be connected to the emergency (evacuation) lighting network:
a) emergency exits on each floor;
b) ways of movement of cars;
c) places of installation of connecting heads for connecting fire equipment;
d) places for installation of internal fire hydrants and fire extinguishers;
e) locations of external hydrants (on the facade of the structure).
6.4.5 Ways of movement of cars inside car parks must be equipped with signs orienting the driver.
Lamps indicating the direction of movement are installed at turns, in places where slopes change, on ramps, entrances to floors, entrances and exits to floors and stairwells.
Direction indicators are installed at a height of 2 and 0.5 m from the floor within line of sight from any point on escape routes and driveways for vehicles.
Light indicators of the installation sites of connecting heads for fire equipment, installation sites of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers should turn on automatically when the fire automation systems are triggered.
6.4.6 In closed-type car parks at the entrances to each floor, sockets connected to the power supply network according to category I must be installed to enable the use of electrified fire fighting equipment at a voltage of 220 V.
6.5 Automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarms
6.5.1 Automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems used in car parks must comply with the requirements of SP 5.13130. Equipment automatic devices must have appropriate fire safety certificates.
6.5.2 The type of automatic fire extinguishing installation, the method of extinguishing and the type of fire extinguishing agents are given in.
6.5.3 Automatic fire extinguishing in car storage areas should be provided in closed car parks:
a) underground, regardless of the number of storeys;
b) overground with two floors or more;
c) one-story elevated I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with an area of 7000 m 2 or more, IV degree of fire resistance of class C0 with an area of \u200b\u200b3600 m 2 or more, class C1 - 2000 m 2 or more, classes C2, C3 - 1000 m 2 or more; when storing cars in these buildings in separate boxes (allocated in accordance with 6.2.2) - if the number of boxes is more than 5;
d) built into buildings for other purposes, with the exception of those specified in SP 5.13130;
e) in the premises for the storage of vehicles intended for the transport of fuels and lubricants;
e) located under bridges;
g) mechanized parking lots;
i) attached to buildings for other purposes or built into these buildings with a capacity of not more than 10 parking spaces.
6.5.4 In car parks with separate boxes that meet the requirements of 5.2.6, when modular fire extinguishing installations (self-activating modules) are used in each box, automatic fire extinguishing of passages between the boxes is not required, while these passages must be equipped with floor-by-floor mobile fire extinguishers (type OP- 50, OP-100) based on: with an area of passages on the floor up to 500 m 2 - 1 pc. per floor, more than 500 m 2 - 2 pcs. to the floor.
6.5.5 Automatic fire alarm should be equipped with:
a) one-story closed-type above-ground car parks with an area less than specified in 6.5.3 or with the number of up to 25 cars inclusive;
b) separate boxes and passages between them when using modular fire extinguishing installations (self-actuating modules) in the boxes;
c) premises for car service.
6.5.6 In one- and two-story box-type car parks with direct exit to the outside from each box, it is allowed not to provide for automatic fire extinguishing and alarms.
6.5.7 Closed-type elevated car parks with two floors or more (with the exception of car parks with direct exit to the outside of each box and mechanized car parks) with a capacity of up to 100 cars must be equipped with warning systems of the 1st type, more than 100 cars - 2- type according to SP 3.13130.
Underground car parks with two floors or more must be equipped with warning systems:
Annex A
(reference)
Vehicle classification used to determine parametersparking spaces
Table A.1
|
Vehicle class (in this regulation) |
Dimensions max, mm |
European classification |
Representative Model |
|
|
Width, V |
||||
|
daewoo, Daewoo Matiz, Ford Ka, Hyundai Atos, Renault Twingo and Peugeot 106, etc. |
||||
|
2 Medium |
Classes B, C |
Volkswagen Polo, Toyota Yaris, BA3- 2108/2109, Skoda Felicia, SEAT Cordoba, Peugeot 206, Kia Avella Delta, Audi A3, Citroen Xsara, Daewoo Nexia, FIAT Brava, Ford Escort, Ford Focus, Honda Civic, Hyundai Accent, Kia Sephia/Shuma, Kia Rio, Mazda 323, Mercedes-Benz A-Class, Mitsubishi Colt/Lancer, Mitsubishi Space Star, Nissan Almera, Opel Astra, Peugeot 306, Renault 19, Renault Megane Classic/Scenic, Subaru Impreza, Suzuki Baleno, Toyota Corolla, Volkswagen Golf/Bora, etc. |
||
|
3 Large |
Classes D, E, F, minivan, SUV |
Audi A4, BMW Series 3, Mercedes- Benz C-class, 406, Volvo S40/V40, SAAB 9-3, SEAT Toledo, Audi A8, BMW 7 series, Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Jaguar XJ8, Lexus LS400/LS430, Citroen Picasso C-4, Mazda MPV, Renault Espace, Volkswagen Tuareg, Ford Windstar, Hyundai H-1, Volkswagen Caravelle/Multivan, Chevrolet Tahoe, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Lexus RX300, range rover, mercedes benz class G, Nissan Patrol GR, UAZ Patriot, etc. |
||
|
4 Minibuses |
GAZelle, Ford-Transit, etc. |
|||
Minimum dimensions of a parking place:
a) during storage:
in a row: B + 600 mm;
in the corner (between adjacent machine and column): B + 1000 mm.
b) in case of box storage: B + 1000 mm.
Annex B
(reference)
Car park typology
Car parks for cars are classified by location:
regarding objects of another purpose;
relative to ground level.
Table B.1 - Typology of parking lots
|
1 Flat car parks |
1.1 Organized, ground |
1.1.1 Open storage |
|||
|
1.1.2 Closed storage (boxes, awnings) |
|||||
|
1.2 Unorganized (not covered in this document) |
|||||
|
2 Buildings, parking facilities |
2.1 Freestanding |
2.1.1 Aboveground |
2.1.2 Underground |
||
|
2.1.1.1 Open |
2.1.1.2 Closed |
||||
|
2.1.3 Modular, prefabricated |
|||||
|
2.1.4 Bunded |
|||||
|
2.2 Attached |
2.2.1 Aboveground |
2.2.2 Underground |
|||
|
2.2.1.1 Open |
2.2.1.2 Closed |
||||
|
2.3 Embedded |
2.3.1 Aboveground |
2.3.2 Underground |
|||
|
3 Parking devices |
3.1 Above-ground mechanized parking |
3.1.1 Stand-alone mobile stacker for loading vehicles onto storage platforms |
|||
|
3.1.2 Car lifts attached to buildings |
|||||
|
3.2 Floating parking on landing stage |
3.2.1 Single level |
||||
|
3.2.2 Multilevel |
|||||
In addition to those indicated, there are also combined types - open-closed, built-in-attached, underground-above-ground.
There are also classifications according to:
a) the duration of storage (permanent storage, temporary, seasonal);
b) the degree of automation of accounting systems;
c) heating conditions (heated or unheated car parks);
d) organization of movement motor vehicle- with or without participation of the driver;
e) storage organizations - arena, box, cell, longline;
f) height of parking garages - single-level and multi-level;
g) the method of interfloor movement of cars - ramp, semi-mechanical (ramps in combination with a freight elevator), mechanical - with freight elevators.
Annex B
(mandatory)
Distances from parking lots to buildings and territories for various purposes
Table B.1
|
Objects to which the distance is calculated |
Distance, m |
||||
|
Open car parks and parking lots with a capacity, parking spaces |
|||||
|
10 or less |
|||||
|
1 Before buildings: |
|||||
|
walls of residential buildings with windows |
|||||
|
walls of residential buildings without windows |
|||||
|
public buildings, except for children's, educational institutions and medical hospitals |
|||||
|
2 Before plots: |
|||||
|
territories of schools, children's, educational institutions, vocational schools, technical schools, areas for recreation, games and sports |
|||||
|
territories of medical hospitals, open sports facilities for general use, places of recreation for the population (gardens, squares, parks) |
|||||
|
Notes 1. Ground parking garages, parking lots, car parks with a capacity of more than 500 parking spaces are recommended to be located on the territory of industrial and municipal storage areas. 2. Ventilation emissions from underground parking garages located under residential and public buildings should be organized 1.5 m above the roof ridge of the highest part of the building. 3. On the operated roof of the underground parking garage, it is allowed to place recreation areas, children's, sports, play and other facilities at a distance of 15 m from ventilation shafts, entrances and exits, driveways, provided that the operated roof is landscaped and the MPC is provided at the mouth of the release into the atmosphere. |
|||||
Bibliography
Technical regulation on the safety of buildings and structures (Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ). Car service companies
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