During the operation of the car engine, combustion products are formed, which are characterized by high temperature and toxicity. For their cooling and removal from the cylinders, as well as to reduce the level of environmental pollution, the design provides for an exhaust system. Another function of this system is to reduce engine noise. The exhaust (exhaust) system consists of a sequential chain of elements, each of which performs a specific function.

Exhaust system design

Exhaust system

The main task of the exhaust system is the efficient removal of exhaust gases from the engine cylinders, reducing their toxicity and noise level. Knowing what the exhaust system in a car consists of, you can better understand how it works and the causes of possible problems. Device standard exhaust system depends on the type of fuel used, as well as on the environmental standards. The exhaust system may consist of the following elements:

• Exhaust manifold - performs the function of removing gases and cooling (purging) the engine cylinders. It is made of heat-resistant materials, since the temperature of the exhaust gases varies on average from 700°C to 1000°C.
• Downpipe - is a complex-shaped pipe with flanges for mounting to a manifold or turbocharger.
• (installed in gasoline engines of the Euro-2 and higher environmental standard) - removes the most harmful components CH, NOx, CO from the exhaust gases, converting them into water vapor, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
• Flame arrester - installed in car exhaust systems instead of a catalyst or a particulate filter (as a budget replacement). It is designed to reduce the energy and temperature of the flow of gases leaving the exhaust manifold. Unlike a catalyst, it does not reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases, but only reduces the load on mufflers.
• - serves to control the level of oxygen in the composition of the exhaust gases. There may be one or two oxygen sensors in the system. On modern engines(in-line) with a catalyst, 2 sensors are installed.
• (mandatory part of the exhaust system diesel engine) - removes soot from exhaust gases. It can combine the functions of a catalyst.
• Resonator (pre-silencer) and main silencer - reduce exhaust noise.
• Pipelines - connect the individual elements of the automotive exhaust system into a single system.

The principle of operation of the exhaust system

Exhaust system location

In the classic version for gasoline engines, the exhaust system of a car works as follows:

• The exhaust valves of the engine open, and the exhaust gases with the remnants of unburned fuel are ejected from the cylinders.
• The gases from each cylinder enter the exhaust manifold, where they are combined into one stream.
• Through the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold pass through the first lambda probe (oxygen sensor), which records the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. Based on this data, the electronic control unit adjusts the fuel supply and the composition of the air-fuel mixture.
• Further, the gases enter the catalyst, where they enter into a chemical reaction with oxidizing metals (platinum, palladium) and a reducing metal (rhodium). The operating temperature of the gases must not be below 300°C.
• At the outlet of the catalyst, the gases pass through the second lambda probe, with the help of which the correct operation of the catalytic converter is assessed.
• Further, the purified exhaust gases enter the resonator, and then the muffler, where the exhaust flows are converted (narrowed, expanded, redirected, absorbed), which reduces the noise level.
• From the main muffler, exhaust gases are already released into the atmosphere.

The diesel engine exhaust system has some features:

• As the exhaust gases leave the cylinders, they enter the exhaust manifold. The temperature of the exhaust gases of a diesel engine varies in the range of 500-700 °C.
• Then they enter the turbocharger, which performs supercharging.
• After that, the exhaust passes through the oxygen sensor and enters the particulate filter, which removes harmful components.
• Finally, the exhaust passes through the car muffler and exits to the atmosphere.

The evolution of the exhaust system is inextricably linked with the tightening of environmental standards for vehicle operation. For example, starting from the Euro-3 category, the installation of a catalyst and a particulate filter for gasoline and diesel engines mandatory, and replacing them with a flame arrester is considered a violation of the law.

CHEMICAL PRODUCTION

This year, the car muffler will celebrate its 113th anniversary. In 1894, a Panhard-Levassor car was first equipped with such a detail as an exhaust silencer.

And it was, of course, very progressive from a technical point of view, and from a philosophical point of view - in the highest degree humane step. Following the firm "Panar-Levassor" and other manufacturers of "horseless gasoline carriages" hastened to complete their products with the appropriate device. But who remembers the name these days car brand Panard-Levasseur? Units, and meanwhile the first gasoline car that crossed the border of the Russian Empire, all in the same 1894, was the car of the Panar-Levassor company, and to the question "What is a car muffler?" Any student will give you the answer. Today, depending on the model of a particular car, their exhaust systems can differ significantly from each other. But schematically, a modern car muffler can be represented as follows: exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe, catalyst, resonator, muffler, inlet and outlet pipes.

The exhaust manifold, the most heat-loaded part in the vehicle exhaust system, is made of heat-resistant cast iron, as a rule, damage to the intake manifold is caused by mechanical influence on it (for example, rolled studs). The operating temperature of the exhaust manifold can reach +1300°C.

The exhaust pipe is attached to the exhaust manifold and also operates at high temperatures, the value of which at times reaches +1100°C.

Behind the front exhaust pipe is a catalytic converter. During the operation of the catalyst, its honeycombs can heat up to +1050°C.

The range of internal operating temperatures of the resonator installed after the catalyst can vary from +700° to +1000°C.

The rear muffler is the least heat loaded part in the exhaust system, inside it working temperature does not exceed +350 °С.

At the same time, the surface temperature various details exhaust system is slightly lower, the readings of which largely depend on design features each individual exhaust tract.

For the manufacture of parts of exhaust systems, ordinary or aluminized steel is used, less often stainless steel. Due to their longest service life, stainless steel exhaust systems are the choice of most vehicle manufacturers. However, stainless steel is also susceptible to corrosion, namely stress corrosion cracking. The tendency to corrosion cracking is also determined by the composition of the corrosive medium. For stainless steels, the onset of the cracking process is caused by the presence of chlorides and alkalis in the corrosive environment. At the same time, we recall that the most common means of combating icing today are the compositions of sodium chloride and calcium chloride. Yet even under these conditions, stainless steel exhaust systems can have a minimum service life of five years, and sometimes even more.

Next in life expectancy are exhaust systems made from aluminized steel. The minimum service life of such systems is 3–4 years.

Exhaust systems welded from ordinary (unalloyed) steel rarely cross the one and a half to two year milestone of guaranteed operation.

Accordingly, the price of such systems increases in proportion to the declared service life.

The reasons for the destruction of the elements of the exhaust system can be very different, including design features one or another exhaust system (susceptibility of its individual components to mechanical stress, deformation, stone impacts, abrasion, vibration, etc.), adverse climatic conditions(for example, maritime climate), intensity of vehicle operation.

However, according to the conclusion of experts, they name the internal corrosion of metals as the main reason for the gradual destruction of parts of the exhaust system, while the chemical and electrochemical processes of its development are implied.

The chemical type of corrosion is characterized by the entry of metal into direct chemical interaction with the components of the environment. Chemical corrosion occurs in gas environments at high temperatures, for the exhaust tract car engine the gas form of development of chemical corrosion is characteristic. Compounds of sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, as well as oxygen and its compounds serve as aggressive components of the gaseous medium.

The active process of corrosion is facilitated by a decrease in the protective properties of films that are formed from corrosion products and, in turn, prevent direct contact of aggressive components with the metal. The decrease in the protective properties of such films leads to an increase in temperature, as well as getting into intake tract chemically active compounds that are formed during the combustion of liquid fuels. An increase in pressure and velocity of the gaseous medium also leads to an acceleration of the course of the corrosion process.

And yet, even under the most favorable circumstances for its development, the rate of chemical corrosion will always be inferior to the rate of the electrochemical corrosion process. The bodies of the main mufflers located at the very end are most susceptible to damage by this form of corrosion. exhaust system.

A necessary condition for the occurrence of electrochemical corrosion of a metal is the presence of an electrolyte on its surface ( aqueous solution salts, acids, alkalis), capable of conducting electricity. When the electrolyte comes into contact with the surface of an inherently heterogeneous metal (the only exception to this rule is absolutely pure iron, which contains no more than a tenth of a percent of various impurities), a lot of microgalvanic pairs are immediately formed on the metal surface, the work of which leads to the destruction of the metal.

When operating a car in a modern city, frequent short trips to a car that is usually not warmed up to the end or many hours of languishing in “traffic jams” lead to the fact that rear end muffler is not able to heat up and dry properly, and as a result, everything gradually accumulates in its body large quantity water. Additionally, the corrosion process of the main muffler is spurred on by the accumulation in its atmosphere a large number residues of not completely burned fuel, entering into an oxidative reaction with moisture accumulated in the muffler body, it turns the latter into a powerful electrolyte. Therefore, unlike fish, the exhaust system begins to rot from the “tail”. To some extent, special drainage holes made in the lower part of the main muffler body help to correct this situation, through which water that has entered the muffler body is drained.

WITH outside the exhaust tract is literally "in its own skin" is able to feel all the "charms" of those roads, "... that we get." Here he is met by dust, and sand, and fine gravel, and a cold shower during the rain, and from time to time there are also hard meetings of some of its parts with a curb stone. At the same time, one should not forget about such corrosion-prone areas of the exhaust tract as its welds. According to the characteristic type of damage - such corrosion, as if with a knife, cuts the metal along the weld - it is called "knife". Also, the corrosion protection of the exhaust system is not in the best way affected by the presence on its parts of rolled and rolling joints, protrusions, amplifiers, etc., those places where it becomes possible to accumulate dirt and moisture - a kind of avant-garde of corrosion.

Muffler repair may be accompanied by the replacement of a burned-out / rusted part of the muffler with a new one, welding and restoration work. Or you can use special repair compounds that are offered in special stores in the form of various bandages, patches, putties, etc., which allow you to independently repair minor damage to the exhaust system, taking into account the thermal loads characteristic of each of its sections.

Over the past few years, the number of offers of such "repair kits" in our market has increased significantly. At the same time, it must be assumed that the quality of such repair compounds has also improved, based on the fact that today it is produced, among other things, by those companies in high quality products of which we have already been able to verify ourselves more than once.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS The composition of the adhesive is used to seal small holes and cracks in automotive exhaust systems. The preparation includes in its composition: inorganic binders, glass fiber, a complex of special additives and water, does not contain asbestos and solvents. When working on Idling engine, the adhesive hardens within the first 10 minutes. After the final hardening, the adhesive copes well with all sorts of thermal and mechanical stresses.

CRC "Installation Paste"

CONSUMER ANALYSIS Mounting paste is used in the assembly of hose and flange connections in automotive and industrial exhaust (exhaust) connections, has good sealing and lubricating properties, which greatly facilitates the installation / dismantling of exhaust (exhaust) connections. The composition of the heat-resistant mounting paste water-based stable inorganic fillers and binders are included. The preparation does not contain asbestos and solvents. When heated, the composition of the paste swells and quickly hardens. After hardening, the mounting paste becomes resistant to thermal and mechanical stress.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS The kit is intended for sealing holes and cracks of various sizes in the exhaust system of a car. Bandage tape consists of fiberglass impregnated with epoxy composition. The bandage is used to eliminate through holes and cracks formed on the surface of the elements of the automotive exhaust system. The preparation does not contain asbestos in its composition, withstands thermal loads up to +400°C. The repair kit includes: a bandage tape (1.5 m), a piece of wire to fix the bandage tape in the desired position until it hardens, and a heat-resistant foil plate that helps to cover large areas of damage if necessary.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS The repair kit includes a bandage tape impregnated with a solution of liquid sodium silicate, and a metal wire that serves to temporarily fix the bandage tape in the desired position until it hardens. The repair kit is designed for repairing catalytic converter housings and exhaust pipes of the muffler; the bandage tape withstands temperature loads up to +1093 °С. Does not contain asbestos, after the final hardening the repair coating becomes resistant to various mechanical loads

CONSUMER ANALYSIS A high temperature sodium silicate formulation designed to repair minor damage to exhaust system components such as the muffler/catalyst resonator housing and to seal mating points. The composition of the cement is gas-tight and withstands thermal loads up to +1093°C. In the mode of normal operation of the car, the cement composition hardens within the next 24 hours after application.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS The bandage is designed for sealing small holes and cracks in the automotive exhaust system, easy to use, withstands temperature loads up to +426 °C, gas tight. The bandage tape itself is made of fiberglass impregnated with an epoxy composition. "Silencer bandage" is intended for repair of car exhaust system pipes and muffler/resonator housings. The final hardening of the bandage tape occurs when heated to the operating temperature of the automotive exhaust system.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS Turret repair paste is designed to repair parts made of cast iron, steel and other metals. The composition of the paste is well suited for sealing holes / cracks in the intake / exhaust manifold housing, the intake of the muffler. The paste is based on a water-based binder with ceramic and stainless steel fillers. The final solidification of the composition occurs when the repaired part is heated to operating temperature.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS High temperature ceramic tape for muffler repair (and pipes of any material). DONE DEAL DD6789 repair bandage is made of fiberglass impregnated with a solution of liquid sodium silicate, mixed with a complex of additives constituting the know-how of the company, and is designed to repair exhaust pipes, burnt mufflers, etc., operating at temperatures up to +650 °С and pressure up to 20 atm. At a temperature of +25 °C, after 30-40 minutes, the repaired section of the pipe is covered with a durable ceramic jacket. After the final hardening, the repaired area can be sanded and painted with heat-resistant paints.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS The VERSACHEM repair kit is designed for sealing holes, cracks and sealing welds on the body of car mufflers. The repair kit includes a bandage tape and a tube with a liquid activator. If it is necessary to cover a large area of ​​damage, you can use the material from which the tube body is made, with an activator. When carrying out repair work, the optimum temperature of the exhaust system is approximately + 15-20 ° C. It is possible to start the engine only after thirty minutes after the end of repair and restoration work. The final hardening of the repair bandage occurs within ten minutes when the engine is idling.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS Repair kit VERSACHEM "Muffler cast exhaust bandage" is designed to eliminate cracks in the catalyst housing, as well as repair small holes on the surface of the resonator and exhaust pipes. The repair kit is based on a bandage tape made of a material impregnated with a special heat-resistant compound, due to which it consumer qualities significantly improved compared to similar compositions with a fiberglass backing. When carrying out repairs, the optimum temperature of the exhaust system is approximately + 15-20 ° C. At the end of the repair work, the bandage needs 10-12 hours to dry, in order to speed up the process of drying / hardening of the bandage tape, you can start the engine and let it idle for 10 minutes.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS VERSACHEM "Muffler-cast" bandage tape is designed to repair small holes and rust damaged areas on the surface of catalysts, resonators, intake and exhaust pipes. The tape is made of a special refractory material, due to which, in terms of its consumer properties, it surpasses similar products made on the basis of fiberglass, incl. well resists the process of chemical corrosion. Upon completion of the repair work, the bandage dries within 10-12 hours, to speed up the process of drying / hardening of the bandage tape, you can start the engine and let it idle for 10 minutes.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS VERSACHEM "Muffler weld" muffler cold weld compound is designed to repair minor damage to automotive exhaust system parts such as the resonator, main muffler, and exhaust pipes. "Cold welding" has excellent adhesion to various metal surfaces, including surfaces with traces of rust, its composition withstands the aggressive environment of hot exhaust gases well. When carrying out repairs, the optimum temperature of the exhaust system is approximately +15-20 ° C, finally, the agent dries up 10-12 hours after application.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS High-temperature, gas-tight paste designed for exhaust system seals. Prevents gas breakthroughs at the joints of the individual silencer components and the welding of the latter to each other. When conducting installation work the surfaces of the parts must be clean from rust and various types of contaminants. After applying the composition of the LIAUI MOLY Auspuff-montage paste on the parts, for better tightness of the connection, it is necessary to slightly “grind” their surfaces relative to each other. To improve the elasticity of the paste, wetting of the joints with water is allowed. The final hardening of the mounting paste comes from the heating of the exhaust system when the engine is idling.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS The LIQUI MOLY Auspuff-bandage gebreuchfertig kit is designed to seal large damages and cracks in the car exhaust system, absolutely gas-tight. The kit consists of 100 cm of fiberglass reinforcing tape and a pair of gloves. When carrying out repair and restoration work, the bandage tape is tightly applied around the damaged area with the aluminum side out. When the exhaust system is heated, the inner layer applied to the band hardens and seals the hole.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS Synthetic, high-temperature, metal-free LIQUI MOLY KERAMIK-PASTE paste prevents burning, sticking, rusting of threads, slots, pins, bolts, spindles and others, incl. non-metallic materials operating at high temperatures and corrosive environments (exhaust system, brake system vehicle). Used as lubricant for processing highly loaded sliding surfaces operating at low sliding speeds and oscillatory movements. Temperature range of application from -30 °C to +1400 °C, the composition of LIQUI MOLY KERAMIK-PASTE paste is resistant to hot and cold water, as well as to acids and alkalis.

MOTIP Heat Resistant Paint

CONSUMER ANALYSIS Special heat resistant acrylic MOTIP paint, designed for surface treatment of parts exposed to high temperatures, such as elements of an automobile engine, exhaust systems, heating radiators, etc. Permanent heat resistance up to 650 °C, short-term - up to 800 °C. Red paint and heat-resistant colorless varnish have permanent heat resistance up to 300 °C. Colour: anthracite/dark anthracite, black, silver, white, beige, grey, red.

It is not known for certain who was the first to award a muffler to a car, but it is generally accepted that it was still the Panard-Levassor company. These guys were the first to lose their nerve and they decided to adapt their car to society. In order to prevent conservative citizens from interfering with the development of the car, several attempts were made to reduce the level of noise emitted by the engine. As a result, instead of cutting the pipe, a whole system was screwed to the motor, which was called an acoustic filter. It was in 1893. So society won the first victory over the car, and the car received another system - an acoustic filter, or silencer.

The car muffler is an integral part of the car.

Breakthroughs, burnouts and punctures

For too long, a car muffler could not remain in an embryonic state. It grew and developed along with the car, and the first more or less human muffler appeared already in 1917, at least the patent for its invention dates back to the year of the revolution. Along with technical improvement, the exhaust system also received new problems - the pipes burned through like paper, because the steel did not meet the working conditions and simply burned out in a short time.

Consequences of burning a car filter.

Manufacturers have not gone far since then, and the muffler has all the same problems as a hundred years ago. Only problems with catalysts, lambda probes and other new devices were added to them. Structurally, the muffler is quite simple - exhaust manifold, front pipe, corrugation, catalytic converter, resonator and muffler directly. And a couple of pipes of the estimated diameter. That's the whole structure. But it works in inhuman conditions, which primarily affect the service life of the system. Even the most sophisticated and expensive premium cars with stainless steel and aluminized steel mufflers last no more than 10 years.
Mufflers that are supplied for replacement, the aftermarket position, last two to three years, and suspiciously cheap mufflers for expensive cars last a year or two at most. Depressurization, breakdowns, burnouts, chemical corrosion, huge operating temperatures and incorrect installation are the main technological punctures in the exhaust system.

Photo of a car filter structure.

Exhaust system operating conditions

Most of all goes to the exhaust manifold. The main thermal load in the exhaust system falls on it. The manifold is smelted from heat-resistant cast iron, since this is the only material available that can withstand operating temperatures up to 1300 ° C. The downpipe receives a temperature of up to 1100 degrees, the catalyst operates at a temperature of about 1000. Further along the system, the operating temperature drops, but the chemical and mechanical loads increase. But the resonator and its piping operate at temperatures up to 900°C, and the muffler is the coldest in the system. From the inside, it warms up to 300 degrees.

Exhaust manifold ZAZ Sens.

Temperature is not the exhaust system's only enemy. Almost a great danger for each of the elements is chemistry, which is abundantly scattered on city roads. The main ingredient in road de-icing products, sodium chloride, is even detrimental to stainless steel. It undergoes cracking after 5 years of active winter operation. Aluminized steels die much earlier, and low-alloyed ordinary steel is destroyed in a few winter seasons. If we add vibration load to this set, mechanical damage, then you will not envy the operating conditions of the exhaust system.

Repair or replacement

Even a bad replacement is better good repair, but not everyone can afford to change the exhaust system every year. It is possible to replace individual system components with low-cost low-carbon steel parts, but in this case, you need to balance the cost of the part and the cost of the repair. In addition, not all manufacturers can guarantee full compliance of the replacement element with the original one in terms of configuration and attachment points. Pipe bending angles, distortions in different planes, flange and diametrical seating dimensions can easily differ, so you should check them before buying.

Video tutorial on replacing the muffler outer shell:

When deciding to replace, it is better to look for products from trusted brands that produce kits not only for foreign cars, but also for VAZs - Walker, Bosal, Rosi, Tesh. Also, high-quality Turkish and Polish spare parts began to appear. The price of the finished part is affected not only by the brand, but also by the material - a running meter of a system made of ordinary steel will cost about 350 rubles, and stainless steel can cost twice as much. For example, a new muffler for an old IGL Passat will cost 1,460 rubles.

Images of the silencer for the Passat B3.

Silencer sealant and other auto chemicals

If you face the truth, then there is no worthy alternative to replacing a burned-out or bursting part. There are a number of temporary measures that will extend the life of the resonator or muffler. Even the highest quality welding and the most accurate seam placed on a dilapidated pipe will not lead to anything. Replacement is inevitable, like a demobilization from a conscript. We will not consider welding today, it is too voluminous and broad a topic, but we will touch on the role of automotive chemistry and try to determine how expedient it is to invest money in the foreign chemical industry.

Heat-resistant sealants allow you to repair only external problems in the car muffler.

All car chemicals intended for the repair and maintenance of the muffler are divided into three groups - assembly sealants for pipes, putties that can withstand high temperatures and bandage tapes to eliminate through damage to pipes and mufflers. To begin with, any chemotherapy only works on external surfaces. Damage to the internal organs of resonators and silencers cannot be treated. Only when fully unpacked. Previously, such operations were carried out regularly, but now there is no shortage of resonators and silencers, so few people will spend a lot of time repacking a damaged silencer.

Bandage tapes are used in case of through burning or rotting of elements of the round section exhaust system. They can eliminate burnout, but such a patch will last a year at most. Many tapes have a high-temperature adhesive layer, which makes them easy to install. Some of them can be planted on the muffler sealant. There are many types of such bandage tapes, for example, DONE DEAL tape DD6789. It is made of fiberglass and impregnated with a solution of liquid sodium silicate. The composition of the impregnation also includes some modifiers that harden at the temperatures of the exhaust system. The stripped section of the exhaust pipe is simply wrapped with such a tape when normal temperature, and after 40 minutes after wrapping, the ceramic jacket hardens completely. The ceramic bandage can be used at a working temperature of about 700°C, after hardening it is polished and can be painted with heat-resistant paint. Reviews say that the thing is quite convenient, but it stinks terribly for a long time.

Photo of a bandage tape for the exhaust system.

A heat-resistant sealant is a more functional thing and is used not only and not so much for filling holes, but for sealing thermally loaded mates in the exhaust system. It can help well in cases where it is not possible to disassemble the connection if the assembly was put on sealant during assembly. Pipes and clamps do not stick to each other, and good sealants make it possible to create fairly reliable and tight connections. The price of sealants does not exceed 300-400 rubles per 200-gram tube. To seal all the connections of the system, it will be enough to buy one tube Abro sealant, will remain for repairs. As the instructions say, it is applied simply to the cleaned surface. After application, the engine is started for 10-15 minutes, after which the composition hardens.

Before use, it is necessary to withstand a few more hours for complete solidification. Of course, sealants and bandages are not suitable for a complete repair of the muffler, but they can save the situation for a year and a half, depending on the state of the exhaust system.

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Many of us always have a fear of the exhaust system. We all know that everything heats up due to the hot exhaust gases coming from the engine, as a result of which quite a few people have been burned by it. This is especially known to the owners of motorcycles in which the exhaust pipes are located in close proximity to the legs. But how hot does the exhaust system actually get? Are all elements of the system heated evenly? Watch a detailed video about this on the example of the S2000 car, which was filmed using a special thermal imager.

This . The author of these videos this time made a video about the operation of the exhaust system of a car. The video was taken from the start of the engine. Then the author, after a good gas run, showed us how all the components of the exhaust system heat up.

An excellent video that shows us in detail the system for removing hot gases from the engine combustion chamber.

Please note that the data of various components of the exhaust system is superimposed on the video (upper left corner). As you can see, for example, the muffler, contrary to fears, does not actually heat up very much. Although the individual components of the exhaust system are indeed very hot.

True, it is worth noting that the video was filmed when the car is standing still at idle. And what will the exhaust system look like through the eyes of a thermal camera while the car is moving? It would also be interesting to see. We hope that the author of the video will answer this question soon.

For those who have not seen other videos shot with a thermal comer, here is a list.

Attention To prolong the "life" of the catalyst, it is necessary to carefully monitor what gets into filling tank cars. Even a small amount of leaded gasoline can permanently damage the catalyst. Therefore, it is especially dangerous to refuel a car somewhere on the highway, acquiring fuel already spilled into canisters. It should also be added that when installing a new muffler, attention should be paid to the aesthetic appearance and anti-corrosion protection of welds, to the mounting brackets located on pipes and resonators. The metal of the fasteners must be of a certain thickness, and the fasteners themselves must be welded with welds of sufficient length. Welding of parts of the system is the most important factor affecting the reliability of the entire exhaust system, which has to constantly absorb dynamic loads of various strengths.

What is the exhaust manifold temperature?

In a car with a damaged catalytic converter, the CO content reaches from 1.5 to 4%, while a normally functioning catalytic converter reduces this figure to about 0.03%, and often to more. low level. However, the symptoms of "disability" of the catalyst can be detected during the operation of the vehicle. Loss of power, starting problems, noisy engine operation can all be signs that the catalytic converter is damaged.

You should also check the condition of the end of the exhaust pipe. The egr system If it is very sooty, covered with soot, this is a sure sign that the exhaust system, and especially the catalyst, may have serious defects. The working life of modern catalysts is constantly increasing, however, most manufacturers recommend changing the catalyst after 120–150 thousand km.

km of run. There are, of course, cases when catalysts take care of 250 thousand km.

The temperature of the exhaust gases of a gasoline engine in the manifold

This must be done carefully so that the liquid, which is aggressive to rubber, does not damage it if it gets on the valve diaphragm. In systems with a control solenoid valve, it usually has a filter that protects vacuum system from pollution. It needs to be cleaned up. When the EGR starts to fail, many car owners prefer to muffle it.

As a rule, this is done using a gasket cut from thin sheet metal, installed under the valve. Among specialists, opinions about jamming the system differ. Some consider it completely harmless, and some even consider it useful.
The latter believe that as a result, the temperature in the combustion chamber rises, and this increases the risk of cracks in the cylinder head. File download For this purpose, components such as catalytic converters, oxygen sensors, particulate filters and some other devices are introduced into the exhaust systems.

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In addition, ceramic is a fragile material and damage to the catalyst can lead to its destruction, and it is not so difficult to damage it, given that the elements of the exhaust system are located under the bottom of the car. A sharp change in temperature to a lower side (getting into a puddle) can also destroy it. It is due to the catalyst that engine manufacturers manage to comply with the required environmental standards.
The presence of this element is now mandatory in almost all countries of the world. Fig.3 Types of mufflers: a) - limiter, b) - reflector, c) - resonator, d) - absorber correct operation catalyst requires that the exhaust gases contain a certain amount of oxygen, which maintains the operating temperature of the catalytic converter. Analyzes this lambda probe.

Exhaust temperature

S15 spec R http://www.brn-gt-club.ruhttp://www.kels.ru

• January 27, 2006 07:01 #18 I read it, good article. If I have time today, I'll translate it and post it here.
• 01/27/2006 07:46 #19 Does anyone have a reliable info on how high a thermocouple lives, in months or kilometers? collector length to turba 10 cm total. GT-T 5MTGarrett Edition
• January 27, 2006 08:02 #20 and where is it correct to put before the turbo or after the turbo? S15 spec R http://www.brn-gt-club.ruhttp://www.kels.ru
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Catalytic converters, among other things, help reduce noise. The combustion of the air-fuel mixture is explosive, which is accompanied by a characteristic sound. To combat this, a silencer is installed in the exhaust system. Depending on how they work, silencers are divided into four types: resonator, reflector, limiter and absorber.

The resonator, as a rule, is located immediately after the catalytic converter, and in its essence is a preliminary silencer. Structurally, it is a perforated pipe and a chamber surrounding it. Most often, resonators include several chambers of various sizes and serve to dampen low-frequency noise.

Exhaust muffler temperature?

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The sensor measures the residual amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases and, using a computer, adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to obtain the optimal working mixture. A catalyst paired with a lambda probe can not only reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, but also provide lower fuel consumption and improve engine efficiency. If the lambda probe fails (there will be signs faulty lambda probe) different proportions of fuel and air in the air-fuel mixture are possible: rich or lean.

Both of them destroy the catalyst, the first - due to the high content of hydrocarbons, the second leads to its overheating. The catalyst and lambda probe are very sensitive to fuel quality. Fill in fuel tanks Vehicles with catalytic converters in their exhaust systems require only unleaded gasoline.
The main components of the exhaust system today are: a manifold, a catalytic converter (catalyst), a lambda probe (oxygen sensor), a muffler and connecting pipes. The collector serves to remove exhaust gases from the engine cylinders and combine them into one stream. After the exhaust valve is opened, a low pressure zone is formed in the manifold, moving along the pipe until it hits an obstacle, which is the junction of the pipes, and is reflected in the opposite direction, towards the next cylinder.
Due to the lengths of the pipes, a moment is reached when the zone of reduced pressure is at the next exhaust valve at the moment of its opening. This vacuum allows the best way to fill the cylinder with a new air-fuel mixture.

The limit for the engine I think starts after 900-950 degrees, if the engine is prepared (valve changes) then the limit is probably even higher Let's respect each other Toyota MarkII GT Four 10,474 sec comfortable travel GX470 gas

• January 25, 2006 12:19 #3 Poor mixture, high combustion temperature, pistons melt, detonation is also rushing, it can fall apart. they say up to 800-850C still nothing. came next. S15 spec R http://www.brn-gt-club.ruhttp://www.kels.ru
• January 25, 2006 12:38 #4 Up to 900 degrees is normal. If it's higher, it's worth considering. Exhaust temperatures can also rise if the ignition is delayed and the mixture burns out in the exhaust manifold.

  With all respect, Andrew

• January 25, 2006 14:26 #5 Then the question is how much the mixture becomes leaner if I raise the pressure to a kilogram on native brains with native fuel cards.