The car is driven by steam. steam car

31.07.2019

There are two directions of modern steam cars: record cars designed for high-speed races, and home-made steam propulsion enthusiasts.

inspiration (2009). The #1 modern steam car, a record-breaking car designed by Scotsman Glenn Bowsher to break the steam car speed record set by the Stanley Steamer back in 1906. On August 26, 2009, 103 years later, Inspiration reached 239 km/h, becoming the fastest steam car in history.

Pellandini Mk 1 Steam Cat (1977). An attempt by Australian Peter Pellandine, owner of a small light sports car company, to introduce a practical and convenient steam car. He even managed to “knock out” money for this project from the leadership of the state of South Australia.

Pelland Steam Car Mk II (1982). Peter Pellandine's second steam car. On it, he tried to set a speed record for steam engines. But it didn't work out. Although the car turned out to be very dynamic and accelerated to hundreds in 8 seconds. Pellandine later built two more versions of the machine.

Keen Steamliner No. 2 (1963). In 1943 and 1963, engineer Charles Kean built two homemade steam cars, known respectively as Keen Steamliner No. 1 and no. 2. A lot was written about the second car in the press and even assumed its industrial production. Keene used a fiberglass body from a Victress S4 kit car, but undercarriage and assembled the engine myself.

Steam Speed America (2012). A record-breaking steam car built by a group of enthusiasts to race in Bonneville in 2014. Woz, however, is still there, after unsuccessful races (accidents) in 2014, Steam Speed America is at the test level and has not held record races anymore.

Cyclone (2012). A direct competitor to the previous car, even the team names are very similar (this one is called Team Steam USA). The record car was presented in Orlando, but so far has not taken part in full-fledged races.

Barber-Nichols Steamin "Demon (1977). In 1985, on this car, which used the body from the Aztec 7 kit car, pilot Bob Barber accelerated to 234.33 km / h. The record was not officially recognized by the FIA due to violations in the race rules (Barber drove both races in the same direction, while the rules require them to be run in opposite directions, and within an hour.) Nevertheless, this attempt was the first real success on the way to breaking the 1906 record.

Chevelle SE-124 (1969). Classic conversion Chevrolet Chevrolet into a steam car, made by Bill Besler commissioned by General Motors. GM explored the performance and economics of steam engines for road cars.

The model of the ship is set in motion by means of a steam-water jet engine. A vessel with this engine is not a progressive discovery (its system was patented 125 years ago by Briton Perkins), in other respects it clearly shows the operation of a simple jet engine.

Rice. 1 Ship with a steam engine. 1 - steam engine, 2 - a plate of mica or asbestos; 3 - firebox; 4 - nozzle outlet with a diameter of 0.5 mm.

Instead of a boat, it would be possible to use a car model. The choice fell on the boat because of the greater security in relation to fire. The experiment is carried out with a vessel of water at hand, for example, a bath or basin.

The body can be made of wood (for example, pine) or plastic (polystyrene foam), using the finished body of a toy polyethylene boat. The engine will be a small tin can, which is filled 1/4 of the volume with water.

On board, under the engine, you need to fit a firebox. It is known that the heated water is converted into steam, which, expanding, presses on the walls of the motor housing and exits with high speed, from the nozzle opening, resulting in the thrust needed to move. A hole of no more than 0.5 mm must be drilled on the back wall of the engine can. If the hole is larger, then the running time of the motor will become quite short, and the outflow rate will be small.

The optimal nozzle orifice diameter can be determined empirically. It will correspond to the fastest movement of the model. In this case, the thrust will be greatest. As a firebox, it is possible to use a duralumin or iron cover tin can(for example, from a can of ointment, cream or shoe paste).

As a fuel, we use "dry alcohol" in tablets.

To protect the ship from fire, we attach a layer of asbestos (1.5-2 mm) to the deck. If the hull of the boat is wooden, sand it well and cover it with nitro-lacquer several times. The smooth surface reduces drag in the water and your boat is sure to float. The boat model should be as light as possible. The design and dimensions are shown in the figure.

After filling the tank with water, set fire to the alcohol placed in the firebox (this should be done when the boat is on the surface of the water). After a few tens of seconds, the water in the tank will make a noise, and a thin stream of steam will begin to escape from the nozzle. Now the steering wheel can be set in such a way that the boat moves in a circle, and within a few minutes (from 2 to 4) you will observe the operation of the simplest jet engine.

The steam engine throughout its history has had many variations of embodiment in metal. One of these incarnations was the steam rotary engine of mechanical engineer N.N. Tverskoy. This steam rotary engine (steam engine) was actively used in various fields of technology and transport. In the Russian technical tradition of the 19th century, such a rotary engine was called a rotary machine.

The engine was distinguished by its durability, efficiency and high torque. But with the advent of steam turbines, it was forgotten. Below are archival materials raised by the author of this site. The materials are very extensive, so for now only a part of them is presented here.

Steam rotary engine of N.N. Tverskoy

Trial Scroll compressed air(3.5 atm) steam rotary engine.
The model is designed for 10 kW of power at 1500 rpm at a steam pressure of 28-30 atm.

At the end of the 19th century, steam engines - "N. Tversky's rotary engines" were forgotten because reciprocating steam engines turned out to be simpler and more technologically advanced in production (for the industries of that time), and steam turbines gave more power.
But the remark regarding steam turbines is true only in their large weight and overall dimensions. Indeed, with a power of more than 1.5-2 thousand kW, steam multi-cylinder turbines outperform steam rotary engines in all respects, even with the high cost of turbines. And in the early 20th century, when ships power plants and the power units of power plants began to have a capacity of many tens of thousands of kilowatts, then only turbines could provide such opportunities.

BUT - steam turbines have another disadvantage. When scaling their mass-dimensional parameters downwards, the performance characteristics of steam turbines deteriorate sharply. The specific power is significantly reduced, the efficiency drops, while the high cost of manufacture and high revolutions of the main shaft (the need for a gearbox) remain. That is why - in the field of capacities less than 1.5 thousand kW (1.5 MW) effective in all respects steam turbine almost impossible to find, even for a lot of money ...

That is why a whole “bouquet” of exotic and little-known designs appeared in this power range. But most often, just as expensive and inefficient ... Screw turbines, Tesla turbines, axial turbines and so on.
But for some reason, everyone forgot about the steam "rotary machines" - rotary steam engines. Meanwhile, these steam engines are many times cheaper than any bladed and screw mechanisms (I say this with knowledge of the matter, as a person who has already manufactured more than a dozen such machines with his own money). At the same time, the steam “rotary machines of N. Tverskoy” have a powerful torque from the smallest revolutions, have an average frequency of rotation of the main shaft at full revolutions from 1000 to 3000 rpm. Those. such machines, even for an electric generator, even for a steam car ( car-truck, tractor, tractor) - they will not require a gearbox, coupling, etc., but will be directly connected with their shaft to a dynamo, wheels of a steam car, etc.
So, in the form of a steam rotary engine - the “N. Tversky rotary engine” system, we have a universal steam engine that will perfectly generate electricity from a solid fuel boiler in a remote forestry or taiga village, on a field camp or generate electricity in a boiler house of a rural settlement or "spin" on the waste of process heat (hot air) in a brick or cement plant, in a foundry, etc., etc.
All such heat sources just have a power of less than 1 mW, and therefore conventional turbines are of little use here. And other machines for heat recovery by converting the pressure of the resulting steam into operation are not yet known by general technical practice. So this heat is not utilized in any way - it is simply lost stupidly and irretrievably.
I have already created a "steam rotary machine" to drive an electric generator of 3.5 - 5 kW (depending on the pressure in the steam), if everything goes as planned, there will soon be a machine of 25 and 40 kW. Just what is needed to provide cheap electricity from a solid fuel boiler or waste industrial heat to a rural estate, a small farm, a field camp, etc., etc.
In principle, rotary engines scale well upwards, therefore, by mounting many rotor sections on one shaft, it is easy to multiply the power of such machines by simply increasing the number of standard rotor modules. That is, it is quite possible to create steam rotary machines with a power of 80-160-240-320 kW or more ...

But, in addition to medium and relatively large steam power plants, steam power circuits with small steam rotary engines will also be in demand in small power plants.
For example, one of my inventions is “Camping-tourist electric generator using local solid fuel”.
Below is a video where a simplified prototype of such a device is being tested.
But the small steam engine is already merrily and energetically spinning its electric generator and is generating electricity using wood and other pasture fuel.

The main direction of commercial and technical application of steam rotary engines (rotary steam engines) is the generation of cheap electricity using cheap solid fuel and combustible waste. Those. small power - distributed power generation on steam rotary engines. Imagine how a rotary steam engine will fit perfectly into the scheme of operation of a sawmill-sawmill, somewhere in the Russian North or in Siberia (Far East) where there is no central power supply, electricity is provided by a diesel generator on a diesel fuel imported from afar. But the sawmill itself produces at least half a ton of wood chips-sawdust per day - croaker, which has nowhere to go ...

Such wood waste is a direct road to the boiler furnace, the boiler gives steam high pressure, steam drives a rotary steam engine and it turns an electric generator.

In the same way, it is possible to burn millions of tons of crop waste from agriculture, unlimited in volume, and so on. And there is also cheap peat, cheap thermal coal, and so on. The author of the site calculated that the fuel costs for generating electricity through a small steam power plant (steam engine) with a 500 kW steam rotary engine will be from 0.8 to 1,

2 rubles per kilowatt.

More interesting option The use of a steam rotary engine is the installation of such a steam engine on a steam car. The truck is a tractor steam car, with powerful torque and using cheap solid fuel - a very necessary steam engine in agriculture and in the forest industry.

When applied modern technologies and materials, as well as the use of the "Organic Rankine Cycle" in the thermodynamic cycle will make it possible to bring the effective efficiency up to 26-28% on cheap solid fuel (or inexpensive liquid, such as "furnace fuel" or spent machine oil). Those. truck - tractor with a steam engine

Truck NAMI-012, with a steam engine. USSR, 1954

and a rotary steam engine with a power of about 100 kW, will consume about 25-28 kg of thermal coal per 100 km (cost 5-6 rubles per kg) or about 40-45 kg of sawdust chips (the price of which in the North is take away for nothing) ...

There are many more interesting and promising applications of the rotary steam engine, but the size of this page does not allow us to consider all of them in detail. As a result, the steam engine can still occupy a very prominent place in many areas of modern technology and in many branches of the national economy.

LAUNCHES OF THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF A STEAM-POWERED ELECTRIC GENERATOR WITH A STEAM ENGINE

May -2018 After lengthy experiments and prototypes, a small high-pressure boiler was made. The boiler is pressurized to 80 atm pressure, so it will keep the operating pressure at 40-60 atm without difficulty. Put into operation with an experimental model of the steam axial piston engine my design. Works great - watch the video. In 12-14 minutes from ignition on wood, it is ready to give high-pressure steam.

Now I am starting to prepare for the piece production of such installations - a high-pressure boiler, a steam engine (rotary or axial piston), a condenser. The units will operate in a closed circuit with a circulation of "water-steam-condensate".

The demand for such generators is very high, because 60% of the territory of Russia do not have a central power supply and are sitting on diesel generation.

And the price of diesel fuel is growing all the time and has already reached 41-42 rubles per liter. Yes, and where there is electricity, energy companies are raising tariffs, and they require a lot of money to connect new capacities.

Modern steam engines

The modern world forces many inventors to return again to the idea of using a steam plant in vehicles intended for movement. There are multiple options available for cars. power units working for a couple.

piston motor
Principle of operation
Rules for the operation of cars with a steam engine
Machine advantages

piston motor

Modern steam engines can be divided into several groups:

Structurally, the installation includes:

starting device;
two-cylinder power block;
steam generator in a special container, equipped with a coil.

Principle of operation

The process is as follows.

After the ignition is switched on, power is supplied from the battery of the three engines. From the first, a blower is put into operation, pumping air masses through the radiator and transferring them through air channels to a mixing device with a burner.

At the same time, another electric motor activates the fuel transfer pump, which supplies condensate masses from the tank through the serpentine device of the heating element to the body of the water separator and the heater located in the economizer to the steam generator.
Before starting the steam, there is no way to get to the cylinders, since the throttle valve or spool, which are driven by rocker mechanics, block the path. By turning the handles in the direction necessary for movement, and slightly opening the valve, the mechanic puts into operation steam mechanism.
The spent vapors are fed through a single collector to a distribution valve, in which they are divided into a pair of unequal shares. A smaller part enters the nozzle of the mixing burner, mixes with the air mass, and ignites from the candle.

The emerging flame begins to heat the container. After that, the combustion product passes into the water separator, condensation occurs, flowing into a special water tank. The rest of the gas goes out.

The second part of the steam, which is large in volume, passes through the distribution valve into the turbine, which drives the rotary device electric generator.

Rules for the operation of cars with a steam engine

The steam plant can be directly connected to the drive unit of the machine's transmission, and the machine starts to move when it starts working. But in order to increase efficiency, experts recommend using clutch mechanics. This is convenient for towing work and various inspection activities.

In the process of movement, the mechanic, taking into account the situation, can change the speed by manipulating the power of the steam piston. This can be done by throttling the steam with a valve, or by changing the steam supply with a rocker. In practice, it is better to use the first option, since the actions resemble the operation of the gas pedal, but a more economical way is to use the rocker mechanism.

For short stops, the driver slows down and stops the operation of the unit by the rocker. Disabled for long term parking circuit diagram, de-energizing the blower and the fuel pump.

Machine advantages

The device is characterized by the ability to work practically without restrictions, overloads are possible, there is a wide range of power indicators adjustment. It should be added that during any stop the steam engine stops working, which cannot be said about the engine.

In the design, there is no need to install a gearbox, starter device, air filter, carburetor, turbocharger. In addition, the ignition system is in a simplified version, there is only one candle.

In conclusion, we can add that the production of such machines and their operation will be cheaper than cars with an internal combustion engine, since the fuel will be inexpensive, the materials used in production will be the cheapest.

Read also:

Steam engines were installed and powered most steam locomotives from the early 1800s until the 1950s.

I would like to note that the principle of operation of these engines has always remained unchanged, despite the change in their design and dimensions.

An animated illustration shows how a steam engine works.

To generate the steam supplied to the engine, boilers operating both on wood and coal, and on liquid fuels were used.

First measure

The steam from the boiler enters the steam chamber, from which it enters the upper (front) part of the cylinder through the steam valve valve (indicated in blue). The pressure created by the steam pushes the piston down to BDC. During the movement of the piston from TDC to BDC, the wheel makes half a turn.

Release

At the very end of the stroke of the piston to the BDC, the steam valve is displaced, releasing the remaining steam through the exhaust port located below the valve. The rest of the steam breaks out, creating the sound characteristic of steam engines.

Second measure

At the same time, shifting the valve to release the rest of the steam opens the entrance of steam to the lower (rear) part of the cylinder. The pressure created by the steam in the cylinder causes the piston to move to TDC. At this time, the wheel makes another half turn.

Release

At the end of the piston movement to TDC, the remaining steam is released through the same exhaust port.

The cycle is repeated anew.

The steam engine has a so-called. dead center at the end of each stroke when the valve changes from expansion to exhaust stroke. For this reason, each steam engine has two cylinders, allowing the engine to be started from any position.

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File	Short description	Size
	G.S. Zhiritsky. steam engines . Moscow: Gosenergoizdat, 1951. The book deals with ideal processes in steam engines, real processes in a steam engine, the study of the working process of a machine using an indicator diagram, multiple expansion machines, spool steam distribution, valve steam distribution, steam distribution in cocurrent machines, reversing mechanisms, steam engine dynamics, etc. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	27.8 Mb
	A.A. Radtsig. James Watt and the invention of the steam engine. Petrograd: Scientific chemical and technical publishing house, 1924. The improvement of the steam engine, made by Watt at the end of the 18th century, is one of the greatest developments in the history of technology. It had incalculable economic consequences, since it was the last and decisive link in a whole series of important inventions made by England in the second half of the 18th century and which led to the rapid and complete development of large-scale capitalist industry both in England itself and later in other countries of Europe. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	0.99 Mb
	M. Lesnikov. James Watt. Moscow: Publisher "Zhurnalobedinenie", 1935. This publication presents a biographical novel about James Watt (1736-1819), an English inventor and creator of the universal heat engine. Invented (1774-84) the cylinder steam engine double action in which applied centrifugal regulator, transmission from the cylinder rod to a balancer with a parallelogram, etc. Watt's machine played a big role in the transition to machine production. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	67.4 Mb
	A.S. Yastrzhembsky. Technical thermodynamics. Moscow-Leningrad: State Energy Publishing House, 1933. General theoretical provisions are presented in the light of two basic laws of thermodynamics. Since technical thermodynamics provides a basis for the study of steam boilers and heat engines, in this course, the study of the processes of transforming thermal energy into mechanical energy in steam engines and internal combustion engines is carried out with the greatest possible completeness. In the second part, while studying ideal cycle steam engine, steam wrinkling and steam escaping from holes, the value is noted i-S diagrams steam, the use of which simplifies the task of research. A special place is given to the presentation of the thermodynamics of the gas flow and the cycles of internal combustion engines.	51.2 Mb
	Installation of boiler plants. Scientific editor eng. Yu.M.Rivkin. Moscow: GosStroyIzdat, 1961. This book is intended to improve the skills of fitters who install small and medium-sized boiler plants, who are familiar with locksmithing techniques.	9.9 Mb
	E.Ya.Sokolov. Heat supply and heat networks. Moscow-Leningrad: State Energy Publishing House, 1963. The book outlines the energy foundations of district heating, describes heat supply systems, gives the theory and methodology for calculating heat networks, considers methods for regulating heat supply, provides designs and methods for calculating equipment for heat treatment plants, heat networks and subscriber inputs, provides basic information on the methodology of technical and economic calculations and on the organization of operation of thermal networks.	11.2 Mb
	A.I.Abramov, A.V.Ivanov-Smolensky. Calculation and design of hydro generators In modern electrical systems, electrical energy is generated mainly at thermal power plants with the help of turbogenerators, and at hydroelectric power plants - with the help of hydrogenerators. Therefore, hydrogenerators and turbogenerators occupy a leading place in the subject of course and diploma design of electromechanical and electrical power specialties of technical universities. This manual describes the design of hydrogenerators, substantiates the choice of their sizes and sets out the methodology for electromagnetic, thermal, ventilation and mechanical calculations with brief explanations for the calculation formulas. To facilitate the study of the material, an example of the calculation of a hydrogenerator is given. When compiling the manual, the authors used modern literature on the manufacturing technology, design and calculation of hydrogenerators, an abbreviated list of which is given at the end of the book.	10.7 Mb
	F.L. Liventsev. Power plants with internal combustion engines. Leningrad: Mashinostroenie Publishing House, 1969. The book discusses modern typical power plants for various purposes with internal combustion engines. Recommendations are given on the choice of parameters and the calculation of elements of fuel preparation, fuel supply and cooling systems, oil and air-launching systems, and gas-air paths. An analysis of the requirements for installations with internal combustion engines, which ensure their high efficiency, reliability and durability, is given.	11.2 Mb
	M.I.Kamsky. Steam-bogatyr. Drawings by V.V. Spassky. Moscow: 7th printing house "Mospechat", 1922. ... In the homeland of Watt, in the city council of the town of Greenock, there is a monument to him with the inscription: "Born in Greenock in 1736, died in 1819." Here, the library named after him, founded by him during his lifetime, still exists, and at the University of Glasgow, awards are annually issued from the capital donated by Watt for the best scientific works in Mechanics, Physics and Chemistry. But James Watt, in essence, does not need any other monuments, except for those countless steam engines that, in all corners of the earth, make noise, knock and buzz, working on the yardarm of mankind.	10.6 Mb
	A.S.Abramov and B.I.Sheinin. Fuel, furnaces and boiler plants. Moscow: Publishing House of the Ministry of Public Utilities of the RSFSR, 1953. The book discusses the basic properties of fuels and the processes of its combustion. A technique for determining the heat balance of a boiler plant is given. Various designs of furnace devices are given. The designs of various boilers are described - hot water and steam, from water tube to fire tube and with fire tubes. Information is given on the installation and operation of boilers, their piping - fittings, instrumentation. The issues of fuel supply, gas supply, fuel storages, ash removal, chemical treatment of water at stations, auxiliary equipment(pumps, fans, piping…) are also discussed in the book. Information is given on layout solutions and the cost of calculating heat supply.	9.15 Mb
	V. Dombrovsky, A. Shmulyan. Prometheus Victory. Stories about electricity. Leningrad: Children's Literature Publishing House, 1966. This book is about electricity. It does not contain a complete exposition of the theory of electricity or a description of the various uses of electricity. Ten such books would not be enough for this. When people mastered electricity, unprecedented opportunities opened up before them to facilitate, mechanize physical labor. About the machines that made it possible to do this, about the use of electricity as a motive force, is described in this book. But electricity makes it possible not only to multiply the strength of human hands, but also the strength of the human mind, to mechanize not only physical, but also mental labor. We also tried to tell you how this can be done. If this book helps young readers in any way to imagine the great path that technology has traveled from the first discoveries to today and to see the breadth of the horizon that tomorrow opens up before us, we can consider our task accomplished.	23.6 Mb
	V.N. Bogoslovsky, V.P. Shcheglov. Heating and ventilation. Moscow: Publishing house of literature on construction, 1970. This textbook is intended for students of the Faculty of Water Supply and Sewerage of construction universities. It was written in accordance with the program approved by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the USSR for the course "Heating and ventilation". The task of the textbook is to give students basic information about the design, calculation, installation, testing and operation of heating and ventilation systems. Reference materials are given in the amount necessary for the implementation of the course project on heating and ventilation.	5.25 Mb
	A.S. Orlin, M.G. Kruglov. Combined two-stroke engines. Moscow: Mashinostroenie Publishing House, 1968. The book contains the fundamentals of the theory of gas exchange processes in the cylinder and in adjacent two-stroke systems. combined engines. Approximate dependencies related to the influence of unsteady motion during gas exchange and the results of experimental work in this area are given. Experimental work performed on engines and models is also considered in order to study the quality of the gas exchange process, the development and improvement of design schemes and individual components of these engines and equipment for research. In addition, the state of work on pressurization and improvement of the designs of two-stroke combined engines and, in particular, air supply systems and pressurization units, as well as the prospects for further development of these engines, is described. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	15.8 Mb
	M.K. Weissbein. Heat engines. Steam engines, rotary engines, steam turbines, air machines and internal combustion engines. Theory, device, installation, testing of heat engines and care for them. A guide for chemists, technicians and owners of heat engines. St. Petersburg: Edition of K.L. Ricker, 1910. The purpose of this work is to acquaint persons who have not received a systematic technical education with the theory of heat engines, their design, installation, care for them and testing them. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	7.3 Mb
	Nikolay Bozheryanov Steam engine theory, with application detailed description double-acting machines according to the Watt and Bolton system. Approved by the Marine Scientific Committee and printed with the highest permission. St. Petersburg: Printing house of the naval cadet corps, 1849. “... I would consider myself happy and completely rewarded for my labors if this book were accepted by Russian mechanics as a guide, and if, like Tredgold’s work, although in a small respect, it contributed to the development of mechanical knowledge and industry in our dearest fatherland.” N. Bozheryanov. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	42.6 Mb
	VC. Bogomazov, A.D. Berkut, P.P. Kulikovsky. steam engines. Kyiv: State Publishing House of Technical Literature of the Ukrainian SSR, 1952. The book discusses the theory, design and operation of steam engines, steam turbines and condensing units and provides the basis for calculating steam engines and their parts. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	6.09 Mb
	Lopatin P.I. couple win. Moscow: New Moscow, 1925. “Tell me - do you know who created our factories and factories for us, who was the first to give a person the opportunity to race on trains along the railroad and boldly swim across the oceans? Do you know who was the first to create a car and the very tractor that is so diligently and obediently performing now hard work in our agriculture? Are you familiar with the one who defeated the horse and the ox and was the first to conquer the air, allowing a person not only to stay in the air, but also to control his flying machine, send her where he wants, and not the capricious wind? All this was done by steam, the simplest water vapor that plays with the lid of your teapot, “sings” in the samovar and rises above the surface of boiling water in white puffs. You have never paid attention to it before, and it never occurred to you that water vapor, which is not needed for anything, could do such an enormous job, defeat land, water and air and create almost all modern industry.» Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	10.1 Mb
	Shchurov M.V. Guide to Internal Combustion Engines. Moscow-Leningrad: State Energy Publishing House, 1955. The book discusses the structure and principles of operation of engines of types common in the USSR, instructions for caring for engines, organizing their repairs, basic repair work, provides information on the economics of engines and the assessment of their power and load, and highlights the organization of the workplace and the work of the driver. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	11.5 Mb
	Serebrennikov A. Foundations of the theory of steam engines and boilers. St. Petersburg: Printed in the printing house of Karl Wolf, 1860. At present, the science of the production of work in pairs is one of the knowledge that arouses the liveliest interest. Indeed, hardly any other science, in practical terms, has made such progress in such a short time as the use of steam for all kinds of applications. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	109 Mb
	High speed diesel engines 4Ch 10.5/13-2 and 6Ch 10.5/13-2. Description and maintenance instructions. Chief Editor eng. V.K.Serdyuk. Moscow - Kyiv: MASHGIZ, 1960. The book describes the designs and sets out the basic rules for the maintenance and care of diesel engines 4Ch 10.5 / 13-2 and 6Ch 10.5 / 13-2. The book is intended for mechanics and mechanics serving these diesel engines. Sent a book Stankevich Leonid.	14.3 Mb
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It began its expansion at the beginning of the 19th century. And already at that time, not only large units for industrial purposes were being built, but also decorative ones. Most of their customers were rich nobles who wanted to amuse themselves and their kids. After steam engines were firmly established in the life of society, decorative engines began to be used in universities and schools as educational models.

Steam engines of today

At the beginning of the 20th century, the relevance of steam engines began to decline. One of the few companies that continued to produce decorative mini-engines was the British company Mamod, which allows you to purchase a sample of such equipment even today. But the cost of such steam engines easily exceeds two hundred pounds, which is not so little for a trinket for a couple of evenings. Moreover, for those who like to assemble all kinds of mechanisms on their own, it is much more interesting to create a simple steam engine with their own hands.

Very simple. The fire heats the cauldron of water. Under the action of temperature, the water turns into steam, which pushes the piston. As long as there is water in the tank, the flywheel connected to the piston will rotate. This is the standard layout of a steam engine. But you can assemble a model and a completely different configuration.

Well, let's move on from the theoretical part to more exciting things. If you are interested in doing something with your own hands, and you are surprised by such exotic machines, then this article is just for you, in it we will be happy to tell you about the various ways to assemble a steam engine with your own hands. At the same time, the very process of creating a mechanism gives joy no less than its launch.

Method 1: DIY mini steam engine

So, let's begin. Let's assemble the simplest steam engine with our own hands. Drawings, complex tools and special knowledge are not needed.

To begin with, we take from under any drink. Cut off the bottom third. Since as a result we get sharp edges, they must be bent inward with pliers. We do this carefully so as not to cut ourselves. Since most aluminum cans have a concave bottom, it needs to be leveled. It is enough to firmly press it with your finger to some hard surface.

At a distance of 1.5 cm from the upper edge of the resulting "glass" it is necessary to make two holes opposite each other. It is advisable to use a hole punch for this, since it is necessary that they turn out to be at least 3 mm in diameter. At the bottom of the jar we put a decorative candle. Now we take the usual table foil, wrinkle it, and then wrap our mini-burner on all sides.

Mini nozzles

Next, you need to take a piece of copper tube 15-20 cm long. It is important that it is hollow inside, as this will be our main mechanism setting the structure in motion. The central part of the tube is wrapped around the pencil 2 or 3 times, so that a small spiral is obtained.

Now you need to place this element so that the curved place is placed directly above the candle wick. To do this, we give the tube the shape of the letter "M". At the same time, we display the sections that go down through the holes made in the bank. Thus, the copper tube is rigidly fixed above the wick, and its edges are a kind of nozzles. In order for the structure to rotate, it is necessary to bend the opposite ends of the "M-element" 90 degrees in different directions. The design of the steam engine is ready.

Engine starting

The jar is placed in a container with water. In this case, it is necessary that the edges of the tube are under its surface. If the nozzles are not long enough, then you can add a small weight to the bottom of the can. But be careful not to sink the entire engine.

Now you need to fill the tube with water. To do this, you can lower one edge into the water, and the second draw in air as if through a tube. We lower the jar into the water. We light the wick of the candle. After some time, the water in the spiral will turn into steam, which, under pressure, will fly out of opposite ends of the nozzles. The jar will begin to rotate in the container quickly enough. This is how we got a do-it-yourself steam engine. As you can see, everything is simple.

Steam engine model for adults

Now let's complicate the task. Let's assemble a more serious steam engine with our own hands. First you need to take a can of paint. You need to make sure that it is absolutely clean. On the wall, 2-3 cm from the bottom, we cut out a rectangle with dimensions of 15 x 5 cm. The long side is placed parallel to the bottom of the jar. From the metal mesh we cut out a piece with an area of 12 x 24 cm. From both ends of the long side we measure 6 cm. We bend these sections at an angle of 90 degrees. We get a small “platform table” with an area of 12 x 12 cm with legs of 6 cm. We install the resulting structure on the bottom of the can.

Several holes must be made around the perimeter of the lid and placed in a semicircle along one half of the lid. It is desirable that the holes have a diameter of about 1 cm. This is necessary in order to ensure proper ventilation of the interior. A steam engine can't work well if it doesn't get to the source of the fire. enough air.

main element

We make a spiral from a copper tube. You need about 6 meters of 1/4-inch (0.64 cm) soft copper tubing. We measure 30 cm from one end. Starting from this point, it is necessary to make five turns of a spiral with a diameter of 12 cm each. The rest of the pipe is bent into 15 rings with a diameter of 8 cm. Thus, 20 cm of free tube should remain at the other end.

Both leads are passed through the vent holes in the lid of the jar. If it turns out that the length of the straight section is not enough for this, then one turn of the spiral can be unbent. Coal is placed on a pre-installed platform. In this case, the spiral should be placed just above this site. Coal is carefully laid out between its turns. Now the bank can be closed. As a result, we got a firebox that will power the engine. The steam engine is almost done with his own hands. Left a little.

Water tank

Now you need to take another can of paint, but of a smaller size. A hole with a diameter of 1 cm is drilled in the center of its lid. Two more holes are made on the side of the jar - one almost at the bottom, the second - higher, at the lid itself.

They take two crusts, in the center of which a hole is made from the diameters of the copper tube. 25 cm of plastic pipe are inserted into one crust, 10 cm into the other, so that their edge barely peeks out of the corks. A crust with a long tube is inserted into the lower hole of a small jar, and a shorter tube into the upper hole. We place the smaller can on top of the large can of paint so that the hole at the bottom is on the opposite side of the ventilation passages of the large can.

Result

The result should be the following design. Water is poured into a small jar, which flows through a hole in the bottom into a copper tube. A fire is kindled under the spiral, which heats the copper container. Hot steam rises up the tube.

In order for the mechanism to be complete, it is necessary to attach a piston and a flywheel to the upper end of the copper tube. As a result, the thermal energy of combustion will be converted into mechanical forces of wheel rotation. There are a huge number of different schemes for creating such an engine. external combustion, but in all of them two elements are always involved - fire and water.

In addition to this design, you can assemble a steam one, but this is material for a completely separate article.

steam engine

Manufacturing difficulty: ★★★★☆

Production time: One day

Materials at hand: ████████░░ 80%

In this article I will tell you how to make a steam engine with your own hands. The engine will be small, single-piston with a spool. The power is quite enough to rotate the rotor of a small generator and use this engine as an autonomous source of electricity when hiking.

Telescopic antenna (can be removed from an old TV or radio), the diameter of the thickest tube must be at least 8 mm
Small tube for a piston pair (plumbing store).
Copper wire with a diameter of about 1.5 mm (can be found in the transformer coil or radio shop).
Bolts, nuts, screws
Lead (in a fishing shop or found in an old car battery). It is needed to mold the flywheel. I found a ready-made flywheel, but this item may be useful to you.
Wooden bars.
Spokes for bicycle wheels
Stand (in my case, from a sheet of textolite 5 mm thick, but plywood is also suitable).
Wooden blocks (pieces of boards)
Olive jar
A tube

Superglue, cold welding, epoxy resin (construction market).
Emery
Drill
soldering iron
Hacksaw

How to make a steam engine

Engine diagram

Cylinder and spool tube.

Cut off 3 pieces from the antenna:
? The first piece is 38 mm long and 8 mm in diameter (the cylinder itself).
? The second piece is 30 mm long and 4 mm in diameter.
? The third is 6 mm long and 4 mm in diameter.

Take tube No. 2 and make a hole in it with a diameter of 4 mm in the middle. Take tube No. 3 and glue it perpendicular to tube No. 2, after the superglue dries, cover everything with cold welding (for example, POXIPOL).

We fasten a round iron washer with a hole in the middle to piece No. 3 (diameter - a little more than tube No. 1), after drying, we strengthen it with cold welding.

In addition, we cover all seams with epoxy resin for better tightness.

How to make a piston with a connecting rod

We take a bolt (1) with a diameter of 7 mm and clamp it in a vise. We begin to wind copper wire (2) around it for about 6 turns. We coat each turn with superglue. We cut off the excess ends of the bolt.

We cover the wire with epoxy. After drying, we adjust the piston with sandpaper under the cylinder so that it moves freely there without letting air through.

From a sheet of aluminum we make a strip 4 mm long and 19 mm long. We give it the shape of the letter P (3).

We drill holes (4) with a diameter of 2 mm at both ends so that a piece of knitting needle can be inserted. The sides of the U-shaped part should be 7x5x7 mm. We glue it to the piston with the side that is 5 mm.

We make a connecting rod (5) from a bicycle knitting needle. Glue to both ends of the spokes on two small pieces of tubes (6) from the antenna with a diameter and length of 3 mm. The distance between the centers of the connecting rod is 50 mm. Next, we insert the connecting rod with one end into the U-shaped part and fix it with a knitting needle.

We glue the knitting needle at both ends so that it does not fall out.

Triangle connecting rod

The triangle connecting rod is made in a similar way, only on one side there will be a piece of a knitting needle, and on the other a tube. Connecting rod length 75 mm.

Triangle and spool

steam boiler

The steam boiler will be a jar of olives with a sealed lid. I also soldered a nut so that water could be poured through it and tightly tightened with a bolt. I also soldered the tube to the lid.
Here is a photo:

Photo of the engine assembly

We assemble the engine on a wooden platform, placing each element on a support

Steam engine video
Version 2.0

Cosmetic modification of the engine. The tank now has its own wooden platform and a saucer for a dry fuel tablet. All parts are painted Beautiful colors. By the way, as a heat source it is best to use homemade

For the first time infa about this engine appeared on the sites of scientific innovations in the world about 15 years ago. cool appearance, but ... And what, in fact, is revolutionary? The principle of converting the movement of the pistons into rotational, is equivalent to a standard plunger hydraulic motor, in which several pistons cause the disk to rotate with a beveled end. And the rotating spool used for steam distribution is also widely used in pneumatics, and is structurally inferior to the classic box spool of steam engines. In this, the tightness drops as it wears out, but in the box-shaped it does not.
What are the other benefits of this system? A piece of flexible cable restricts real power of this drive at the level of tens of watts, or fractions of a gram per meter, if we take it in terms of torque.

As for the motors - "utilizers" of residual heat remaining in the exhaust, coolant and other "waste products" of more powerful heat engines, then Stirling is out of competition. S.k. Able to work at temperature differences less than 100 degrees.
Well, the application for innovative compactness is also in question. A steam engine of the classical scheme and equal working volume will have approximately the same dimensions as Green's.

There are very interesting steam engines that can be put on cars and they have a high efficiency. These steam engines develop a very high engine power on cheap fuel: peat, coal, wood pellets. Such a steam engine can be installed on a car - and you will have your own wood-fired steam car. And you can get cheap electricity.

IN last years a new direction emerged in modeling. It was inspired by animator Yi-Wei Huang, who apparently liked the idea of bringing cartoon characters to life without the help of computer graphics. The whole highlight lies in the fact that in his "toys" he uses not rechargeable batteries, but miniature steam engines that he makes with his own hands. I-Wei draws his inspiration from the direction of science fiction called "steampunk", or "steampunk". "Steampunk" is an alternative to "cyberpunk" that developed in the early nineties, characterized by total computerization.

In turn, steampunk is based on the history of Victorian England with its huge rumbling and groaning machines, soot and power. Steampunk motifs appear in a wide variety of works of modern art and it is not surprising that they came to modeling. Now the cartoon characters will have new life, albeit on a toy scale. I-Wei assembled the first "toy" in 2005. Since then, he has been assembling with his own hands an average of one mechanism per month. Most of this time is spent on giving elegance to models equipped with bulky tanks and steam boilers. That's where, by the way, came his animation talent.

Another confirmation of which were several prize-winning places at the RoboGames-2006 festival. No matter how blasphemous it may seem to the Russian soul, I-Vey's brainchildren work on alcohol. And although this is not the only option, it is precisely such fuel that he considers optimal for his robots. Depending on the model, their operating time ranges from five minutes to half an hour.

However, he has not yet completely abandoned batteries, although their energy is spent exclusively on organizing a radio control system. But it is unlikely that his toys will soon appear on store shelves, because their content implies special safety requirements that must be adequate to mechanisms that work on alcohol and under sufficiently high pressure.

steam engine efficiency

Firewood - last century. Interestingly, this thread is in the modeling section, and discusses unique designs for real use. It seems to me that a steam car based on this principle is very interesting. In the country, for example, an UAZ-loaf is placed, inside it has a thermally insulated tank with steam of 250 degrees, on the roof of the tube under glass, connected to this tank, they are heated by the sun. During the week it just stands in the sun, on the weekend you arrived and you can drive 10 kilometers. What do you think, how comparable is it with the solar panels + battery option?

Founded in 1890 in Hamburg as a marine engineering company, Spilling has always built its business on an innovative basis and is now a global brand for the production and supply of modular units, unit power 100 - 5000 kW for efficient use in decentralized energy supply systems. The most unique product of this firm are steam engines.

Spilling steam engines are the only ones of their kind in the world!

The steam engine combines the advantages of the thermodynamic characteristics of a reciprocating steam engine with design features contemporary diesel engines. Its unique design provides high reliability when used as a drive of an electric generator, also with a variable electrical load and a change in steam flow.

The advantage of this energy source for compact local power systems compared to the steam turbine option is the ease of operation and low cost of the steam engine. This makes it ideal for use in small to medium sized steam boilers, including:

Power plants producing electricity from biofuels, capacity from 2 MW in terms of fuel
Units for the use of exhaust steam with a flow rate of 2.5 t/h
Waste incinerators.

The Spilling steam engine is optimal in combination with saturated steam boilers as well as medium pressure steam generators. At the same time, the modular principle of the piston engine design provides flexibility in the modernization of the boiler room for a wide range of customer requirements.

This is especially true during the reconstruction of steam boilers in order to increase its efficiency and produce its own electricity.

In power plants of small and medium power, which are often called mini-CHP, SPILLING as an engine to drive an electric generator or technological equipment Compared to a steam turbine with commensurate power and steam parameters, it is characterized by the following positive qualities:

wide dynamic range of power control;
practical insensitivity to steam quality;
the possibility of direct drive of the electric generator or technological equipment without intermediate mechanical gears;
high operational reliability and the need to have the minimum necessary technical infrastructure for servicing;
lubrication system that prevents oil from entering steam.

The SPILLING steam engine is supplied with the power generator as a ready-to-operate unit, including an automatic control panel with program logic and an operator panel.

Technical data of steam engines

A team of enthusiasts calling themselves the British Steam Car Challenge, made up of racers, enthusiasts, and hobbyists alike, have been building the Inspiration car for years to break the speed record for steam-powered cars. The steam car speed record has been held since 1906. Then in the United States, racer Fred Marriot reached a speed of 205.44 kilometers per hour on a steam car built by the Stanley brothers.

Now, perhaps the record will be broken as the car passes the latest dynamic test program, scheduled for late March 2009, at the Ministry of Defense site near Chichester, West Sussex. This will be the last time the car is tested in the UK before being transported to the US in an attempt to set a world speed record. ground vehicle with a steam engine.

At one time, the chief designer of the team, Glynn Bowscher, faced a difficult task, because to achieve from a steam engine high power with small dimensions and weight of the installation is not easy. It was planned that steam plant Bowsher will develop up to 300 Horse power on the shaft at a turbine speed of 12 thousand per minute, and besides, it will fit in the narrow and low body of Inspiration. Its length, by the way, is 5.25 meters; width - 1.7 meters; height - 1.1 meters.

Liquefied propane is used as fuel. Four steam generators are located behind the driver. Each steam generator contains 28 thin horizontal tubes made of heat-resistant stainless steel. It is they who occupy the main volume inside the car, and supply the steam engine with about 10 kilograms of steam per minute. Steam pressure and temperature are about 40 atmospheres and over 380 degrees Celsius. Each steam generator can be controlled separately, which increases the reliability of the system. The steam is directed through four nozzles to a two-stage steam turbine, which, through a reduction gear, rotates the rear wheels of the machine. Turbine diameter - 33 centimeters.

Engineers expect that the car will be able to accelerate to 320 kilometers per hour, but if we take into account the low coefficient of streamlining of the body - only 0.2, then the speed can be higher.

The main and very valuable advantage of steam engines today is the low content of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of steam engines, especially if they use gas like Inspiration.

British enthusiasts hope that they can not only break the speed record for cars with a steam engine, but also draw public attention to the environmental friendliness of steam cars.

Sources: steampunker.ru, diy.infcat.ru, www.chipmaker.ru, www.hansaenergo.ru, techvesti.ru

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