Consider them in descending order of size and weight. Of greatest interest is the original project of a small town passenger car designs by D. V. Rabenhorst with a super flywheel engine. The mass of the car is just over 500 kg and includes 150 kg of payload.
The power of a car engine, based on data from tires and aerodynamics of US cars in the early 70s, at a cruising speed of 90 km / h is about 3.35 kW. When designing the car, it was assumed to move for 2 hours, which is a mileage of 180 km and an energy reserve in the flywheel of 6.7 kW / h.
A detailed analysis of the movement of a car with an inertial engine in the city made it possible to draw the following conclusions:
1) the energy expended on accelerating the car is 3 times more than the energy expended on covering a distance equal to the acceleration path at a steady speed;
2) the regenerative braking system available to flywheel power units recovers 25% of all energy;
3) only about 75% of the entire flywheel energy can be usefully used.
Based on this, D. V. Rabenhorst increases the required energy supply, and, consequently, total weight superflywheel by 33%.
The transmission is hydrostatic with four wheel motors.
D. V. Rabenhorst notes that in a car with an inertial engine there are no such necessary for ordinary car aggregates and systems like clutch, drive shaft, differential, axle shafts, brake system, batteries, starter and generator, cooling system, fuel system. A car with an inertial engine can be set in motion almost instantly, since the acceleration during acceleration is very large.
To accelerate the flywheel, an aircraft-type electric motor is used, which is connected to the network. The acceleration time is 20-25 minutes.
Masses the most important nodes the car of D. V. Rabenhorst (Fig. 69) is as follows: flywheel - 100 kg; flywheel housing and suspension - 25 kg; aircraft-type electric motor - 18.4 kg; hydraulic pump - 37.5 kW - 11.4 kg; four hydraulic wheel motor total power 37.5 kW -10 kg; control equipment and devices - 9 kg; running system- 175 kg; payload-150 kg; body - 270 kg. Total full mass car about 600 kg.
The operating data is as follows: cruising speed 90 km/h; mileage 180 km; mileage in the city, taking into account frequent stops 170 km; maximum speed over 110 km/h; acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h 15 s; the cost of the run is 0.6 dollars (54 kopecks at the rate of 1972) per 100 km.
Rice. 69. Flywheel car by Dr. D. W. Rabenhorst (USA): 1-motor-wheel; 2-electric motor-generator; 3-super flywheel
Handwheel data power unit DV Rabenhorst's car: flywheel volume 14 dm3; usable weight 75 kg; usable energy 6.7 kWh; the initial speed of the flywheel is 23,700 rpm, the final speed is 11,900 rpm; power loss less than 0.01 kW. The reduction of energy losses to such a small value is achieved by placing the super-flywheel in a sealed evacuated housing with the output of the shaft by a magnetic coupling (Fig. 70). The flywheel run-out (free rotation) will last more than 1000 hours or more than 41 days. For comparison, the overrun of the Oerlikon gyrobus flywheel is 12 hours, and the flywheel of the Clark recuperator is about a week.
Rice. 70.:
1-super flywheel; 2-magnetic clutch; 3-electric motor-generator; 4-shock absorber; 5-bearing; 6- sealed evacuated housing: 7-magnetic thrust pad
Superflywheel bearings with dry lubrication perceive the load only gyroscopic or dynamic when shaking, and the weight of the superflywheel is perceived by the magnetic suspension from strong permanent magnets. The shafts of the electric motor and the super flywheel are connected by a magnetic coupling; during free run, the clutch is disengaged and the rotational losses of the electric motor are eliminated. It is characteristic that both the electric motor and the superflywheel bearings are in normal atmospheric conditions, and not in a vacuum, which significantly improves their working conditions.
To protect against shaking and reduce gyroscopic effects, the super flywheel body is suspended on elastic shock absorbers.
The next largest (or rather, smallest) is the flywheel bicycle, created by prof. University of Wisconsin in the USA. A. Frank. A bicycle is certainly not an end in itself. Thanks to experiments on this bike, A. Frank found the optimal ratio and determined the cost-effectiveness of installing a flywheel on a car. The flywheel is supposed to be installed additionally to help the main engine. Prof. A. Frank believes that the installation of the flywheel on standard car with an engine power of 75 kW, it will allow for a short time to develop power up to 225 kW, and reduce fuel consumption to only 2.5 liters per 100 km of track. Wherein additional expenses to install a flywheel will be about 100-200 dollars. “You ride over rough terrain without feeling any extra pressure on the pedals,” said the professor after riding his bike.
The flywheel is connected to the rear wheel of the bicycle by a friction cone in contact with the tire (Fig. 71, a). Moving the cone in the axial direction changes its diameter working area in contact with the wheel, and as a result, the speed of the bicycle changes. On fig. 71, b shows the bicycle of the Englishman G. Bath, the flywheel of which accumulates energy when the passenger “bounces” on the saddle and releases it to help him ride.
Rice. 71.:
a- (bicycle drive of the American prof. A. Frank (1-flywheel; 2-drive wheel of the bicycle; 3-conical clutch); b-bike of the Englishman G. Bath with a flywheel (1-chain drive of the saddle movement; 2-flywheel; 3 - (pedal foot drive)
And finally, the smallest representative of flywheel cars is a micromobile for teaching children the rules of traffic in car cities. The micromobile was developed at the Kursk Polytechnic Institute. One of the variants of the micromobile, shown in Fig. 72, contains a flywheel weighing about 10 kg, accelerated by an electric motor up to 6000 rpm. The flywheel is installed at the rear of the micromobile and, just like on Prof. Frank, contacts with the help of a friction clutch with the rear wheel of the car.
Rice. 72.:
1 flywheel; 2-handle control; 3-friction gear per wheel
The first version of the micromobile, still very imperfect, travels with a passenger up to half a kilometer from one spin of the flywheel. Promotion is carried out by turning on the accelerating electric motor in a conventional electrical network by means of a socket and plug.
Currently, an improved version of the micromobile is being developed, capable of covering several kilometers with a single spin of the flywheel.
In all cases considered, the flywheel plays the role of the engine of the machine. And it is impossible not to notice that the power of the flywheel engine is much less than the power conventional engines for cars, and the cost of running the same path on flywheel cars is less. This is primarily because the flywheel engine, unlike conventional ones, is able to efficiently recuperate mechanical energy. A
Usage: as a cargo bike. Essence: a tricycle with two frames and a flywheel has an additional flywheel drive, made with the possibility of interaction by means of electromagnetic controls with the main drive. 9 ill., 1 tab.
The invention relates to a cargo bicycle, a 2-seater tandem is known, to which a trolley is attached, such a design in urban conditions is not convenient due to its storage and it is very difficult to overcome climbs with a load. The goal is to facilitate the design and possible storage at home and transport 150 kg of cargo at a speed of 30-35 km / h. This is achieved by the fact that the bicycle consists of two frames arranged in parallel, with solid wheels, united by one axis, with inside the right wheel has a flywheel mounted on a swing bearing, which is pressed onto the axle rear wheels, but having separate drives, consisting of sprockets of different diameters, which increase the speed of rotation in relation to the wheel several times, bearings are pressed on the ends of the roller, on which the ends of the frames are attached. The drive sprocket is also pressed onto the flywheel bearing, given that the flywheel develops a circumferential speed of up to 700 m / s, and the wheels are a maximum of 12 m / s when the flywheel assists the bicycle, especially when climbing hills, the flywheel drive sprocket has teeth on the front side. The right and left wheels are pressed onto a common roller, the drive sprocket of the right wheel is mounted on it with teeth towards the teeth of the flywheel, in order to avoid jerk when the flywheel is turned on, it is carried out due to the difference in diameters of the clutch sprockets and the common shaft, which protects against a sharp jerk and does not allow an increase in the circumferential speed of the wheels. The bicycle is controlled by a cyclist sitting on the right wheel, has a common frame with the front wheel. The cyclist sitting on the saddle of the left wheel rotates the pedals with the driven sprocket, the roller of which is fixed on the platform 28, the same cyclist, in order to increase power by extracting kinetic energy from the flywheel, turns off the current supplying the electromagnet 33 from the dynamometer rotating the front wheel, the spring unclenches, pushes the thrust washer, which is attached to the pipe, inside which there is a common shaft 9. The other plastic end of the pipe is screwed into the drive sprocket of the right wheel, which moves along the slot to the right and the teeth of the drive sprockets interlock. To increase the circumferential speed, the flywheel drive has, in addition to the driven sprocket, additionally intermediate sprockets of small diameter and large diameter, mounted on one swing bearing, and the “gala” chain transmits rotation to the flywheel drive sprocket. Note: The intermediate sprocket bearing is mounted on a shaft attached to the frame. The flywheel drive is protected from above by a shield, and the sides on one side are protected by the right wheel, and on the other by a cargo box, which is freely inserted between the wheels, its bottom is made of plastic, and a nylon mesh is attached around the perimeter, fixed at the top to the frame. Wheels, a flywheel and frames are cast from sentall containing 65% polyacene and 35% magnesium powder, such a polymer, in terms of density, elasticity, is able to withstand the full load of a cargo bike with a specific weight of P 1.21 g / cm 3. The approximate weight of the main parts is given in the table. In FIG. 1 shows a cargo 3-wheeled bike, side view; figure 2 is the same, plan view; figure 3 is the same, end view; in Fig.4 the wheel assembly of the drive sprocket with clutch teeth, end view; figure 5 is the same wheel, side view; figure 6 flywheel assembly, side view; figure 7 washer pressed onto the flywheel bearing, side view; in Fig.8 left wheel, side view; in Fig.9 a device for connecting or disconnecting the flywheel from the transmission of energy to the wheels, side view. In Fig.1-9 adopted the following designations: 1 rear right wheel, 2 rear left wheel, 3 front wheel, 4 flywheel, 5 weight box, 6 swing bearings, 7 flywheel swing bearing, 8 flywheel drive sprocket, 9 rear wheel shaft, 10 flywheel drive sprocket, 11 flywheel drive intermediate sprockets, 12 right wheel driven sprocket, 13 left wheel driven sprocket, 14 right wheel drive sprocket, 15 left wheel drive sprocket, 16 Gala chain, 17 right frame, 18 thrust tube screwed into the right wheel drive sprocket, 19 feed spring for engaging the sprockets, 20 thrust washer compressing the spring, 21 left pedal wheels, 22 right wheel pedal, 23 washer, mounted on the flywheel bearing, with teeth of engagement, 24 teeth of the drive sprocket of the wheel, 25 teeth of engagement of the flywheel assembly, 26 steering wheel, 27 holder for the left cyclist, 28 platform for mounting the holder and pedal roller, 29 kapron mesh, 30 bottom of the box, 31 leash from the thrust washer, 32 anchor, 33 electromagnet, freely seated on the shaft, 34 electromagnet holding washers. A feature of the invention is its lightness, providing a flywheel to assist cyclists in climbing, does not require liquid fuel, as required by mopeds or motorcycles. At the end of transportation, the box is removed, folded and it is easy to find a place for storage for it, the left wheel is also separated from the right wheel, there is no analogue to such a bike yet. The work of a cargo bike. The cyclist sitting on the right frame controls the bike, and the movement is carried out simultaneously by two cyclists by pedaling 21 and 22, thereby rotating the sprockets 12 and 13, and the sprocket 10 rotates the intermediate sprockets 11 and 14, transmitting the rotation of the sprocket 8 to the Gala goal, such the flywheel drive device creates a significant circumferential speed for it, without affecting the speed of the rear wheels. The rotation of the flywheel is free until the cyclist sitting on the left frame turns on the current that generates the dynamo rotated by the front wheel, from which the electromagnet 31 will attract the armature 32, and by this it will compress the spring 19 and at the same time attract the washer 20, which connected to a plastic tube, inside this tube there is a shaft connecting rear wheels, the other end of this tube is screwed into the drive sprocket of the right wheel, in this position the flywheel with the wheel are disconnected and each of them has its peripheral speeds, when the electromagnet is de-energized, the spring straightens, shifts the washer, which moves the air sprocket 16 of the right wheel along the slots with its tube, which has teeth towards the flywheel, while its teeth will go behind the teeth of the flywheel sprocket 8, which is why the flywheel will begin to transfer kinetic energy to the wheels, which, having different clutch diameters of the sprockets and the shaft 9 itself, will produce a sharp jerk, and the circumferential speed of the wheels will increase slightly. The flywheel drive is protected from above by a shield, and the sides on one side are protected by the right wheel, on the other hand by a cargo box, a nylon mesh is stretched around its perimeter, wheels, a flywheel and frames are cast from lightweight materials, including sektyl containing 65% polyacene and 35% magnesium powder, such a polymer in terms of density, elasticity is able to withstand the full load on a cargo bike, the total weight without load will be a maximum of 20 kg. economic result. The specified design of a cargo bike is designed to transport agricultural crops. produce from home gardens and city dwellers or small farmers, saving money on travel commuter train or buses, as well as saving money on the purchase of gasoline. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it does not require separate warehouse due to the fact that it is easily disassembled and can be stored on a balcony or loggia.
CLAIM
A TRI-WHEELED BICYCLE WITH TWO FRAMES AND A FLYWHEEL, containing wheels and a drive made in the form of a driven sprocket connected by means of a chain drive to a drive sprocket mounted on the wheel axle and an intermediate sprocket, and a flywheel freely mounted on the axle outside the wheel and connected to the shaft by means of a coupling , characterized in that it is equipped with a flywheel drive made in the form of a drive sprocket located on the flywheel bearing, a driven sprocket mounted on the axis of the driven sprocket, and an intermediate sprocket with electromagnetic controls mounted on the wheel axis for the interaction of the flywheel drive sprocket with the drive spring-loaded sprocket splined wheels.Almost all bicycle drive designs have a common drawback that reduces their efficiency. This vice consists in the uneconomical expenditure of muscular energy when changing efforts from one leg to another while the pedals pass through the "dead spots" (the vertical position of the connecting rods). Most of the muscular effort at this moment is directed to the axis of rotation of the pedals and does not so much useful work, how much increases the wear of the carriage bearings.
It is not for nothing that cyclists remove the connecting rods from a vertical position before starting to move. As a result, the working stroke begins with a partial loss of muscle energy, which causes premature fatigue of the cyclist. The proposed improvement of the bicycle drive eliminates this drawback, allowing lovers of long trips to ride in an economical mode, rationally using muscle energy, expending it almost like during normal walking.
To do this, the drive design uses a device to interrupt the interaction of the connecting rods with the drive sprocket, which ensures the free and fast passage of the connecting rods with sector pedals near the “dead spots” due to inertia. General form The design of a bicycle drive with an inertial interrupting device is shown in Figure 1, where the connecting rods 1 (with pedals) mounted on the carriage shaft 2 have a movable (sliding) connection with the drive sprocket 3 due to the interaction of spikes made on the sleeve 4, fixed on the right connecting rod, and diametrical grooves - on the drive sprocket 3.
The grooves allow the cranks to quickly pass through the ineffective zone, and the 5 flex coil spring softens the blow at the end of their free travel. As you can see from the drive figure, constructive change only the connection of the drive sprocket with the right crank is exposed, so such a drive can be made on any model of bicycle. To do this, a bushing with projections is made from ZOHGSA steel according to the drawing pos.4, which is welded to the connecting rod removed from the bottom bracket shaft and modified in accordance with the drawing pos.1.
The drive sprocket is also being finalized - grooves are made in it for the protrusions of the bushing. The spring is made "cold" from carbon wire with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm and contains one incomplete coil. The ends of the spring can be bent at home after heating the bend of the wire over a gas burner. The guide washer 10 is made according to the drawing from any steel. When installing the drive sprocket, the spikes of the bushing 4 are inserted into its grooves, on which the washer 10 is fastened with three M4 screws.
Limiter 6, made of soft wire and fixed on the drive sprocket by bending the ends on its jumper beams, prevents the spring from moving away from the sprocket plane when it is under tension during operation. Next, the right connecting rod 1 with the drive sprocket is fixed in the usual way on the shaft 2 of the bicycle bottom bracket using wedge 9. When installing the spring, one end of it is installed in a suitable hole on the drive sprocket, and the other bent end wraps around the connecting rod near the pedal.
To expand the adjustment of the force of the spring 5 on the drive sprocket, a series of holes is additionally drilled along the diameter of the wire to install the bent end of the spring in them. The drive works as follows. In the initial period, for example, when installing the right foot on the right pedal, which is in the upper position, the connecting rods 1, together with the shaft 2 and the sleeve 4, rotate until the working interaction of the hub spike with the drive sprocket 3, while the spring 5 is compressed and creates a torque on the drive After applying muscular effort to the right pedal, the drive sprocket is set in rotation - and the bike accelerates.
When the right pedal approaches the extreme lower position, the working interaction of the connecting rods (hub spike) with the drive sprocket is interrupted by delaying the rotation of the connecting rods relative to the drive sprocket after the pedal force is reduced due to the reverse action of the spring and inertial motion bike. In this case, the spring supports the rotation of the sprocket and removes it from interaction with the connecting rods.
As a result, at the beginning of the next working cycle, the connecting rods pass the vertical position with some reverse angular displacement relative to the drive sprocket, which ensures a free transition of the vertical position and the next accumulation of the spring for the left crank. Then the drive process is repeated. The free transition of extreme upper and lower positions by the pedals eliminates the loss of muscle energy when changing cycles of their work, which increases the efficiency of the drive.
In steady state operation, the connecting rods are delayed in rotation, and then they effectively push the drive sprocket. As a result, pedaling is carried out in an economical "push" mode. This mode of operation allows without undue effort and for a long time to maintain high speed, which is similar to keeping a flywheel spinning with an intermittent tangential force. The delay in the rotation of the connecting rods helps to compensate for the inertial forces acting on the cyclist's legs in the area of "dead spots" during their rapid rotational movement.
The efficiency and stability of the drive is affected by the spring accumulation force, which is selected depending on the weight and physical fitness of the cyclist. If, after the working stroke, the connecting rods do not move away from the drive sprocket, then a more elastic spring must be installed. And vice versa, if for a free transition of the pedal top position a noticeable muscular effort is applied to it and during the working stroke there is no working interaction of the connecting rods with the drive sprocket - then the elasticity of the spring must be reduced.
This can be done by selecting the diameter of the spring wire. For normal operation drive, the amount of reverse movement of the cranks must be less than their initial angular displacement. Under these conditions, the initial torque on the drive sprocket is maintained during transient operation, which further enhances the damping properties of the spring to smooth out peak loads during push rotation of the drive sprocket.
When learning to ride a bicycle with such a drive, the cyclist needs some attention to control the uniformity of rotation of the drive sprocket with freewheeling connecting rods. When certain skills are obtained, the uniformity of rotation of the drive sprocket and the amount of reverse movement of the connecting rods are automatically maintained and do not present any difficulties and discomfort.
Experimental sea trials within 3500 km confirmed the efficiency and reliability of the drive. Compared to a conventional bicycle, fatigue is noticeably reduced when long trips, which expands the possibilities of the cyclist. Perhaps the springing of the pedals against the drive sprocket can also have its place in big sports, as well as the springing of the back of the blade against the heel of the shoes of cross-country skates.
"Economical" bike drive: 1-modified right crank with pedal; 2 - carriage shaft; 3-modified chain drive sprocket; 4 - bushing (ZOHGSA steel, circle 55); 5 - torsion spring (carbon wire 05); 6 - spring limiter (soft wire with a diameter of 4); 7-drive chain; 8-drive sprocket; 9 - wedge fastening the connecting rod on the shaft; 10-guide washer (steel, sheet s3); 11 - washer fasteners to the bushing (M4 screw, 3 pcs.); 12 - carriage assembly
