How to determine the wear of a grenade. SHRUS malfunction - diagnostics, how to determine the breakdown by characteristic signs

Equal Hinge angular velocities(aka CV joint, popularly called "grenade") - this is one of the main (important) transmission units passenger car sedan type. The role played by this mechanism is the transfer of torque to steered wheels vehicle from the transmission system. It is thanks to this mechanism that rotation is supplied to the drive (front) wheels when turning. Many modern cars equipped with such a node. In this article, we will consider a topic familiar to many motorists: “signs of breakdown inner joint", as well as a detailed look at typical faults and the rules for diagnosing a constant velocity joint (CV joint).

As mentioned above, the inner CV joint is one of the main transmission mechanisms of a car, and it is for this reason that all elements of this assembly must be made from quality materials. As a rule, the shelf life of the elements is high. But, as practice shows, this mechanism wears out prematurely for various reasons. It happens even with those machines that have recently left the assembly shops. The reasons for this may be different:

1. Poor quality or no lubricants on elements;
2. Absolutely low quality of the material from which the CV joint was made, as well as the use of fakes and defective spare parts;
3. Getting into the mechanism of various debris and water due to damage to the anther;
4. Terrible road surface of our roads, aggressive driving of the vehicle on these roads;
5. Untimely acquisition and replacement of spare parts. Failure to comply with the rules for using the vehicle specified in the operating instructions.

Well, if you have a breakdown and you need to diagnose or repair cv joints, then you have found what you were looking for. Let's look at how diagnostics are carried out and how to repair a damaged inner CV joint. It is important to understand that the cause of the breakdown may not be in the CV joint itself, so the diagnosis of the whole system is this case just needed.

There is a primary and detailed diagnosis of the constant velocity joint. Primary diagnosis includes a superficial examination of the mechanism. Thus, it is possible to determine the breakdown of the anther and the presence of a characteristic sound (cod). To conduct a more detailed diagnosis, the constant velocity joint must be disassembled. To perform such a diagnosis, a pit or a high overpass is well suited, but in those, as practice has shown, it is not uncommon when they are not there, you can use a jack. Carrying out the diagnosis of CV joints on your own is not particularly difficult.

Before diagnosing the constant velocity joint, it is necessary to disconnect the entire structure from the vehicle. To do this, unscrew all the mounting bolts (there are 6-8 of them). After the bolts are twisted, the CV joint must be removed from seat using a large screwdriver or pry bar. Next, unfasten the retaining ring and clamps to disconnect the CV joint from the shaft. When removed from the shaft, the protective cover adheres to or turns out to the side. As a rule, it will not work to remove the hinge from the shaft by hand, so use a hammer. After removal, the hinge must be rinsed with clean water.

Before disassembling the product, it is advisable to note the relative position of the parts, which should not be confused during assembly. To mark, you can use paint or a touchstone.

Locksmith tesks are useful for work, since the hinge needs to be fixed somewhere in order to knock the balls out of it. Next, you need to get all the balls from the separator. This can be done with a screwdriver, which is made of soft metal. When disassembling the separator and cage important role play window separator. So, in order to get the separator with the clip, it is necessary to turn it into such a position that the elongated windows are against the protrusions of the body. The holder is removed only after its protrusions are placed in the separator window.

So, in front of you is a disassembled hinge, now you need to thoroughly rinse each part so that you can make an inspection. The condition of each part must be carefully checked. If grooves are found, recesses larger than 1 millimeter, the "grenade" must be replaced. Also, if areas with small points of chipping of metal particles or chips on the ball grooves are found, there can be no question of further use of this hinge. What about the separator? The most important thing during the inspection is the presence or absence of cracks and chips between the end and the window.

If further diagnostics showed that there are no violations, then the inner CV joint can be assembled. To ensure future correct operation CV joint, it is necessary to introduce a certain amount of lubricant into it. Next, a separator with a clip is installed, into which the balls are then driven. Thus it is possible to carry out complete diagnostics CV joint, resorting to its complete disassembly. Of course, cars different brands they have different inner sleeves. But the diagnostic method is the same for everyone.

Important advice: if during the inspection of the parts any defect from the above was revealed, then the “grenade” must be replaced. It is better to change it completely, as it is much more practical. If only one specific part is replaced, this can lead to the destruction of the entire assembly due to an increase in tension between the parts.

Typical malfunctions

As you know, the work of the CV joint is constantly under the influence of huge loads. Although the elements of the CV joint are made of durable materials, the hinges fail from time to time. The causes of breakdowns can be different. Consider a CV joint failure:

Finally, the failure of the cv joints can be seen when jerks appear when starting the car and a change in its dynamics. But it is better not to bring the car to such a state.

Summing up, there are several important points. The inner CV joint is really one of the important mechanisms car transmission. Its breakdown does not occur often, it depends on how high-quality material was used for manufacturing and how, in what conditions the driver operates his vehicle. Tip: as soon as I heard extraneous sounds, namely: crackling, crunching and knocking - by all means take care of diagnostics or repair of joints of equal angular velocities.

Video “Replacing the anther of the inner CV joint”

The video shows how the process of replacing the CV joint boot with Renault Logan, Sandero takes place.

SHRUS (aka constant velocity joint, aka "grenade") is one of the main transmission mechanisms front wheel drive sedans.This assembly is designed to transmit torque from the gearbox to the driving automobile wheels. Most modern cars have such a mechanism.

Causes of malfunction of the internal CV joint

Since the inner CV joint is important detail in the transmission device, which is constantly subjected to high loads, they are made from high-strength and high-quality materials. Thanks to this they have a long service life, however, in practice, internal CV joints often become unusable. This can happen not only with a car in which this mechanism has been changed for a long time, but also with vehicle, which has recently gone from assembly line. Malfunctions of the internal CV joint are caused by such reasons:

1. factory defect;
2. poor quality or lack of lubrication in this unit;
3. incorrect installation details;
4. fake hinge or poor quality of the material from which it is made;
5. a damaged cover through which small debris and moisture enter the mechanism;
6. poor quality coating domestic roads;
7. aggressive driving style;
8. untimely repair and maintenance work.

Diagnosis of internal hinges

To prevent a breakdown or to find a malfunction that has already occurred, it is necessary to systematically diagnose the mechanism. Since the cause of the malfunction may not lie precisely in the grenade, the entire system is diagnosed.

Specialists distinguish between primary and detailed diagnostics of internal CV joints. During the initial diagnosis, it is necessary to carefully examine the surface of the node. This allows you to find defects in the cover, which are the cause of the metallic crunch while driving. To perform the second diagnostic method, the grenade should be completely disassembled. This can be done on a high overpass, garage pit or with a jack.

To make it more convenient to diagnose the hinges, it is necessary to dismantle them. To do this, you need to unscrew the fixing bolts, of which there are 6-8 pieces. Then, with the help of scrap, the internal CV joints are dismantled from the seat. Next, the element is detached from drive shaft- the retaining ring opens and the fixing collars are removed. Using a hammer, the CV joint is knocked off the drive shaft, after which it is washed out with water.

Important! When removing the boot from the drive shaft, it must be turned to the side or held by hand.

When disassembling the mechanism, it is necessary to mark the position of a particular part with paint. This is necessary in order not to confuse the elements during assembly.

To drop the balls from the CV joint and get them from the separator, it is necessary to fix the CV joint with the help of locksmith teks. The separator with the cage is taken out with a soft metal screwdriver, while it must be in a position where the body protrusions are located in the separator windows.

After the CV joint is dismantled, and each of its parts is washed, it is necessary to make a thorough inspection of all elements. If during such diagnostics gaps and cracks were found, the diameter of which exceeds 1 mm, then the hinge must be replaced with a new one. Metal chips on the bearing grooves also indicate the need for replacement. Regarding the separator, it can be said that if there are no cracks and other defects between its end and windows, then it is in serviceability.

If during the diagnostics it was found that the grenade has no damage, then it is assembled in the reverse order to that described above. In order for the element to function normally, then they stuff into the node enough lubricant. This diagnostic method is universal for cars of all brands, despite the fact that different models machines have different CV joints.

Attention! If the examination of the grenade showed that it has cracks and chips, then it must be replaced. It is much more practical to replace the whole mechanism than to replace it individual elements. Since, otherwise, the tension between installed parts.

There is another way to diagnose the internal hinge. To do this, the front of the car is raised using a jack or lift. In this position, first gear must be engaged. If the internal hinge is faulty, a characteristic sound will be heard.

If it is not possible to carry out any of the above diagnostic methods, then you can check the grenades on the road of disgustingly warm quality. To do this, it is necessary to alternately run into potholes and pits with the right and then the left wheel, while the failed CV joint will manifest itself.

Major breakdowns

Internal hinges are subject to high loads and, despite the fact that they are made of heavy-duty metals, often become unusable. The main reasons for the failure of a grenade are as follows:

• hinge production. A sign of such a breakdown is a metallic crunch when driving a car, especially when cornering, overcoming obstacles and when accelerating;
• absence or an insufficient amount lubricant inside the assembly;
• abrasive contaminants that enter the hinge through a damaged anther and damage the mechanism.

Signs of hinge failure

The grenade transmits torque from the axle shaft to the drive wheels. Due to high loads, the parts are erased and the gap between them increases and a characteristic crispy noise becomes audible. It occurs due to the rolling of the balls along the grooves on the separator housing. This main feature faulty hinge.

In addition to a metallic crunch, the following signs indicate a malfunction of a grenade:

• sharp jerks a car that occurs when starting off and during acceleration;
• drive shaft play. To detect it, it is enough to move the axle shaft to the right and left by hand.

Signs that a grenade has failed are especially evident on the roads Low quality when overcoming snowdrifts, pits and potholes. However, do not wait until these signs appear. If a crackling sound occurs while driving, appropriate measures must be taken.

How to determine the malfunction of the internal CV joint will tell the video:

Internal constant velocity joints are one of the important elements transmission. They rarely fail due to the purchase of low quality parts and aggressive driving style. At the first sign of a CV joint failure, it is necessary to diagnose it and repair or replace it with a new mechanism.

Drive failure is an uncommon occurrence for cars. It would seem that what can happen to a piece of iron, whose task is to connect two grenades on each side? Yes, in general, nothing! All the times we've had to deal with this have usually been related to the increased power of the car. Let's say there is some Civic EK, which its owner decided to make a "super-duper" Civic, and begins to build up "horses" for it.

As a rule, competent tuning implies not only an increase in power, but also a parallel increase in the reliability of the design of the car itself and the quality of its control. That is, if the car accelerates well, it should brake well. If it must then again accelerate well, it must be reliable in control, its parts must withstand many times increased loads. This the right approach. In most cases, the approach of domestic "tuners" ends at the second step - so that it slows down well after acceleration. Other elements of the chassis, as a rule, are no longer involved in tuning. And for such machines it happens that the drive is “torn”. Infrequently, but it happens.

In the case that will be discussed here, it was not the sporty nature of the car (Honda Element), and not the racing mood of its owner Evgeny, that was to blame. The reason for the dangerous breakdown turned out to be banal and imperceptible, for those who are not used to looking closely. Let's listen to Eugene himself:

"So, at the exit from secondary road on a slight rise, he turned the wheels to the right, letting everyone pass from the main one. He added gas and heard a loud knock. At first I thought that someone hit me in the rear bumper. I put the machine selector in the “P” position and went to inspect the car. The car at the same time ... slowly rolled back. I had to rest against the trunk and ask pedestrians to pull the handbrake.

I drove up the hill, got up with an emergency gang, looked under the bottom - there are no puddles and no drops. Under the hood, too, nothing flows and does not soar, cardan shaft does not hang out, the engine runs stably. I did not see the drive and did not even think that the problem was in it. I drove to the “Honda Service”, where I am serviced. The car was driving with difficulty, no dynamics. I was afraid that the problem was in the machine. What is called "does not pull." Something periodically crunched and tapped on the right, but the machine switched.

I could not enter the box - the steering wheel did not turn to the left. The mechanic came out and asked me to turn the wheels to the right. It turned out that the shaft of the right drive burst, and when the steering wheel was turned to the right, its piece rested against the subframe. The mechanic straightened the broken shaft with his hand and I drove into the pits.

What caused the broken drive? We read further:

“The cause of the problem is the balance rubber on the shaft. Under it gets water, dirt and salt from the road in winter, and corrosion begins. For the first time, the problem manifested itself in Moscow, where the roads have long been watered with reagents in winter. Now I have reached Vladivostok.

The mechanic said: “Customers do not believe, they think that the shaft was welded. I show them the same ones, rotten, but not yet burst. Left especially for the collection! And, indeed, he showed me several drive shafts with rusted "recesses" in the center. As if the metal worked into a cone.

That's it. We note once again - in Novosibirsk we are familiar with the problem with rust under the balancing rubber bands on the drives, but cars rarely reach such a critical state. In our memory, there was one single case with a drive failure and a rusted shaft, but there a jammed CV joint became the catalyst for shaft failure.

In order to avoid a repetition of the case, as with Evgeny's Element, we recommend that when diagnosing, pay attention to the balancing rubber bands on the drives. Often they just hang out on the drive, already torn from time and our roads. If the balancer has already been torn off, you can cut it off and throw it away without pity, and if it still holds in place, make sure that the drive is in order under it.

We would like to thank Evgeny again for useful material provided for the site. 🙂

You can read about what else can break in the spring in this article.

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Every motorist should know his car today. SHRUS - a constant velocity joint, or, as it is also called a "grenade", is one of the most problematic places in the modern front - and rear wheel drive car. It is noteworthy that all CV joints are made of heavy-duty materials, the wear of which, it seems, should be extremely slow. However, practice shows that even a car that has recently rolled off the assembly line can fail. And the reasons for this are completely different: from the installation of defective parts made of low-quality material and the use of low-quality lubricants, to terrible pavement or too "dashing" driving on it. It follows from this that a CV joint malfunction is one of common problems motorists.

So how to determine the malfunction of the CV joint of our car did it yourself? First of all, it should be noted that the CV joint itself is a hinge, which means that its parts are not only in close contact with each other, but also under quite a lot of pressure. Being ball bearing, which, however, can change the angle between the axes.

The main signs of a CV joint malfunction are a characteristic "crunch" that is heard when turning or accelerating. In order to finally make sure that the CV joint is faulty, we need to pay attention to the shaft located between the CV joints. If you try to move it in different planes, and at the same time the shaft plays, then the CV joint is faulty. Also, pay attention to the "behavior" of the car during starting or changing speed: if small jerks occur, then they can also determine the malfunction of the CV joint. Also, just turn the steering wheel as much as possible and start moving - faulty CV joint will start to crackle.

For each driving wheel the car has two CV joints - external and internal. Since the outer is under much greater load, then it fails much more often than the internal one. However, it is not uncommon for the internal CV joint to fail. So how to determine the malfunction of the internal CV joint? In this case, it must be borne in mind that the internal CV joint can grind even during rectilinear movement. If you turn on the first gear, then in the final state, the wheels of the car will begin to rotate. And, if the internal CV joint is not working, an incomparable "crunch" will immediately be released.

Finally, you can determine the malfunction of the CV joint simply by lifting the car on a lift.

A constant velocity joint (CV joint), commonly referred to as a “grenade”, is one of the drive units of the driving wheels of a car, a malfunction of which can immobilize a car at the most inopportune moment. Therefore, each driver must be able to timely determine the malfunction of the CV joint, diagnose it and eliminate it (on their own or with the help of service station specialists).

In the drive of the driving wheels of a car, the CV joint is responsible for transmitting torque from the engine to the wheels. At the same time, in the design of the drive of each drive wheel, a set is used, consisting of two hinges - internal and external, which ensure the rotation of two semi-axes (trunnions) in conditions of a constantly changing angle between them. The outer and inner CV joints have different sizes.

Attention! The internal CV joint ensures the transmission of torque from the transmission to the axis of the drive shaft. The "grenade" is installed directly on the gearbox.

Outer CV joint transmits torque from the drive shaft to the half shaft of the drive wheel hub. However, it wears out faster than the inner one, as it is installed on the wheel hub and is subjected to more intense loads, including strong impacts.

All parts of the "grenades" are made with great precision and high strength materials. Due to this, their service life is commensurate with the life of the car. The only condition is the gentle operation of the latter ( good roads+ non-aggressive driving style).

Despite the fact that there are a lot of design options for CV joints, their malfunctions manifest themselves in the same way. At the same time, a characteristic “crunch” is heard, which cannot be confused with anything:

Its appearance indicates the need for an urgent visit to the service station or self replacement"grenades".

Causes of breakage

SHRUS malfunctions can occur due to the most different reasons, for example, when hitting a curb, falling into a hole, etc. However, most often this unit fails due to banal damage to the anther.

The boot (corrugated rubber or silicone case) protects the CV joint parts from dust, dirt, moisture, etc. In addition, to increase the service life, the CV joint boot is filled with a special liquid lubricant made on the basis of barium. The lubricant envelops the surfaces of the parts and must retain its properties in the temperature range from -30 to 160°C.

Structurally, the CV joint is the same bearing, only a little more complex, and the ingress of abrasive particles or moisture negatively affects the outer surfaces of the friction parts. Under the influence of negative factors, the parts of friction pairs wear out faster, traces of wear appear on them and play occurs. When abrasive particles get into the lubricant, the latter can be pressed between the rubbing parts, which also contributes to their accelerated wear.

When the anther ruptures, the tightness of the space in which the CV joint operates is also violated under the influence environment the node fails very quickly. As a rule, a malfunction of the "grenade" does not lead to a catastrophic accident, but it may well create a situation where the trip is continued on a tow truck.

The only way to avoid breaking the "grenade" due to a torn anther is preventive examination their locations. Finding even slight damage, it is necessary to replace the boot as soon as possible. Indeed, even through a slight puncture, the lubricant will be displaced, which will lead to a decrease in its quantity and, as a result, to increased wear CV joint parts.

Fault definition

The appearance during the movement of the car of an unusual “crunch” for the ear indicates a malfunction of one or more “grenades”. In this case, a characteristic "crunch" can be heard:

• while turning the car;
• at the moment when the car starts moving. It is especially well heard at a sharp start;

In addition, jerks can be felt when accelerating the car.

Having heard the “crunch”, the car owner must at least approximately determine which of the nodes is damaged. It is quite within the power of any driver.

There are several ways to determine a faulty CV joint:

1. On motionless parked car- it is necessary to "pull" drive shaft between CV joints. In the manufacture of the CV joint, the parts are adjusted so precisely that there is no shaft play. Therefore, the detection of even a small backlash indicates the presence of wear and you need to prepare to replace the assembly.
2. During the movement - performing various maneuvers, carefully listen to the sounds that appear:

External CV joints are checked when the car is moving on a flat section of the road, successively turning the steering wheel either to the left or to the right. From which side the “crunch” is heard, from that side the faulty CV joint is located;

Internal CV joints are checked on a section of the road that has fairly deep pits. Gently driving into the pit alternately with the left and right wheels so that the wheel drops to the maximum value, it is determined from which side the “crunch” is heard. On the same side is the faulty "grenade".

You can also check the internal CV joint in a garage. To do this, you need to hang alternately the left and right wheel car. When hanging front wheel the hinge bends quite strongly and when the wheels rotate in first gear, the faulty CV joint will definitely crunch.

It should be noted that the appearance of a “crunch” indicates that the possibility of repair is excluded due to severe wear of parts. By carefully listening to the sounds made by the hinges and regularly inspecting the anthers, you can catch the moment when the CV joint can still be saved by changing, for example, the anther and lubricant. The primary symptoms of the appearance of malfunctions of the "grenade" are:

• torn anther;
• the presence of grease on the inner surface of the wheel (grease is squeezed out through a damaged boot and sprayed on rim);
• The "whistling" of the CV joint, reminiscent of the sound of worn metal rubbing against brake pads;
• weak jolts that occur when the car starts off and indicate the presence of broken grooves of the “grenade”;
• soft clicks (from 2 to 5) when starting the car;

Replacement

Replacing a CV joint is not an easy operation. And although it can be carried out by a motorist who has certain locksmith skills, before proceeding with its implementation, it is necessary to soberly weigh your capabilities. After all, it is impossible to deliver a car with a dismantled “grenade” to a service station without a tow truck. Therefore, it is best to entrust the replacement of the constant velocity joint to a specialist who, in addition to performing this procedure faster and better, will also provide a guarantee for his work.