Lutsky Boris Grigoryevich (since 1910 Lutsk) (1865-1920?), a well-known Russian engine engineer, one of the pioneers of the European automotive industry, a designer of cars, motor boats, and aircraft. He created original stationary gas, kerosene and gasoline engines, engines for cars, tricycles, surface ships, submarines, aircraft with power from 1 to 6000 hp. With.
In 1882 he graduated from a real school in Sevastopol and, as one of the best in graduation, was sent on the recommendation of the director of the school to study at the Munich Institute of Technology, Germany. After graduating from the institute in 1886, he served his military service in Russia, and then returned to Munich. While still a student (1885) he built his first engine (gas), which had a vertical cylinder located above crankshaft. It was a prototype of vertical cylinder engines. In 1888, he designed another engine according to the same scheme, which was exhibited at the Munich Exhibition. The Hamburg company Kabers Eisenwerk acquired the rights to manufacture these engines and invited B. G. Lutsky to work. Two years later, he became the chief engineer of the Nuremberg company, which in 1898 was transformed into the MAN company.
Since 1893, Lutskoy has been engaged in automobile engines, already possessing many patents. One of his engines anticipated the idea of an "adiabatic engine", which specialists are still working on today. He had 4.4 liters. With. at 1200 min -1 , i. e. was the fastest for that time. In 1895 Lutsky created gas engine with compact combustion chamber. In 1897 he moved to Berlin and organized own firm for the production of engines and cars "Lutsk" (Loutzky). In 1899, he presented light two-seat cars at the Berlin Exhibition. Model A with a single-cylinder engine 70x70 mm (0.269 l) with 1.5 hp at 1500 min -1 . Model B with a two-cylinder engine 65x70 mm (0.465 l) with 2.5 hp Model C for the transport of mail with a two-cylinder vertical engine 70x80 mm (0.616 l) with a compact combustion chamber and 5.5 hp. at 1800 min -1 . Model D is a motor tricycle with a closed trailed passenger sidecar. At this exhibition, Lutsky received a great gold medal, and his designs were widely noted in the press and influenced the development of cars in Europe. In 1901, under an agreement with the Naval Ministry, two trucks with a carrying capacity of about 5 tons (300 pounds) and one - 1.67 tons were delivered to Russia, manufactured by the German company Marienfelde with significant participation of B. G. Lutsky, who represented these trucks to Nicholas II. The Marienfelde plant manufactured Daimler-Lutsky engines for cars and Russian ships with a capacity of 4 to 50 hp. With. Since 1903, these engines have been manufactured by the St. Petersburg company Lessner. In 1902, Daimler-Lutsky cars and trucks took part in maneuvers near Kursk.
In 1900-1907, according to the project of Lutsky, engines with power from 160 to 6000 hp were built in Germany. for military and sports courts, including for Russian submarines (1000 hp) and for the destroyer Vidny (6000 hp). In 1909-1913, three Lutsky aircraft were built in Germany. In 1913 he came to St. Petersburg and negotiated the manufacture of his engines in Russia. In the summer of 1914 he returned to Germany and in July he was arrested, having put up armed resistance. He spent the war years 1914-1918 in Spandau prison and was released after the defeat of Germany. His further fate is unknown.
According to the logic of things, such an exhibition should be organized by some museum of a technical orientation, but the House of the Russian Diaspora named after V.I. Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The explanation is simple - Boris Lutsky is just that very “Russian abroad”. Born in the Russian Empire, he lived most of his life in Germany, where he was engaged in the creation of engines internal combustion, cars and planes, but at the same time he did not lose touch with his homeland. The exhibition was timed to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the birth of Boris Grigoryevich - he was born on January 3, 1865 in the city of Berdyansk, Taurida province. In 1875, Lutsky entered the Konstantinovsky real school in Sevastopol, and then continued his studies at the Royal Bavarian Technical High School. With this, the German period of his life began, but when it ended, no one has yet established - the date and place of Boris Lutsky's death are unknown.
Very little is known about him.
In general, there are many white spots in his biography - this is due both to the fact that he lived in Germany, and to the fact that he left behind no descendants, no memoirs, no archive. In such a situation, preparing an exposition about a man who was born a century and a half ago and left little behind is akin to a feat. Perhaps that is why the exhibition turned out to be photo-documentary: the chief specialist of the House of Russian Diaspora, Natalia Klevalina, collected all famous photos and archival materials, and graphic designer Elena Abarenkova made them bright and interesting. Rare exhibits from the collection of the Museum of Industrial Culture helped to revive the "paper part" - various automobile parts and accessories of the early twentieth century, conveying the spirit of a bygone era. To organize an exhibition about Lutsk attracted best forces: The Russian State Archive of the Navy, the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Central State Historical Archive and even the Mercedes-Benz Archive from Stuttgart.
What mark did Boris Grigoryevich Lutsky or Lutskoy leave in the history of technology, as he called himself after receiving the title of nobility? Once the most authoritative automotive historian, Lev Shugurov admitted in a radio interview that “very little is known about him, and some kind of mystery is present in his entire biography.” Lev Mikhailovich was one of the first to write about Lutsk, it is enough to recall his article in the magazine "Behind the wheel" No. 2 for 1991 under the heading "Russian from Franzozisher Strasse". Details about Lutsk in the book "Automobiles and Motorcycles of Russia 1896-1918" told Valery Dubovskoy. Articles by Konstantin Shlyakhtinsky and Yakov Ponomarev were published. Disputes about the identity of Lutsky and his contribution to technical progress erupted after an article by Fyodor Lapshin in the newspaper "Autoreview", where Boris Grigorievich appeared in the form of an adventurer, which probably also took place. A whole campaign to praise the work of Boris Grigorievich was launched by the historian Alexander Firsov, who is trying to prove that Lutsky almost invented the internal combustion engine in its modern form. Of course, all these are peculiar “distortions” that prevent an objective assessment of the life and work of Lutsky.
"Engine of Lutsk"
Undoubtedly, his merits include the creation of a successful design of a vertical engine with a crankshaft located at the bottom - perhaps more successful than that of Daimler and Maybach, but in terms of the timing that appeared after the registration of the Daimler patent. And the attempt to give priority to Lutsk in this direction is based only on juggling facts to please Boris Grigoryevich and to the detriment of Gottlieb Daimler.
Lutsky's cars - small carriages and a machine for transporting mail - presented at an exhibition in Berlin in 1899, although they received awards, were produced in small quantities, and the Gesellschaft für Automobilwagenbau company created for their production did not last long. Much was written in the press about Lutsk, its engines and cars in laudatory tones, but it is worth opening any publication of that time, for example, the German Der Motorwagen or the French La Locomotion Automobile, and there are dozens of no less enthusiastic articles about the designs of other companies, such as well-known, so not so much.
The Loutzky mail van, with its unusual layout, resembled an electric car for transporting mail designed by Charles Jeantot, which appeared a little earlier - the Frenchman had the same container inside the wheelbase. Lutsky also used an internal combustion engine, placing it at the back. Only the radiator remained ahead, hidden behind a huge imperial emblem, naturally German - the van was intended for the Berlin Post Office
The appearance of Lutsky in Russia is associated with a demonstration of a car and a truck in St. Petersburg in 1901 and an incomprehensible story with signs on the hood. On the truck, in addition to the emblem of the manufacturer - the Berlin company Motorfahrzeug- und Motorenfabrik, there was also a plate with the name Loutzky. What role Boris Grigoryevich played in the creation of these cars, whether he was their designer or acted as a sales agent, is still not entirely clear. Just as the scale of his activities at the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft company is not clear - what exactly he designed, what engines and cars. In the same year, Lutsky personally demonstrated "his" truck to Emperor Nicholas II, and in 1902 he took part in military maneuvers near Kursk, and on the hood of a car there was already a sign in Russian "Lutsk's Engine".
hollow wheels
Prior to this, the navy became interested in Lutsky's designs - the report of the commander of the II rank cruiser "Boyarin" about boats with engines of his system was shown at the exhibition. The Maritime Department gave the order for their production to the Lessner plant, which signed an agreement with Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft for the production of engines of the “Daimler-Lutsky system”, as well as cars. From the Russian side it was signed by Artur Lessner, from the German side - by commercial director Fischer and technical director Wilhelm Maybach. According to this agreement, the German side provided engine drawings, Boris Lutsky was appointed as a consulting engineer, and a plate with the inscription Daimler-Loutzky was to be attached to each engine. But for unknown reasons, the name of Lutsky was no longer mentioned in connection with Lessner cars. So, in Lessner's advertising, the engine of the "Daimler-Lutsky system" never appeared, but only the "Daimler system".
Alien environments
Lutsky is also called the designer of the engine of the first Russian submarine "Dolphin", which in itself is a dubious achievement: a gasoline engine on a submarine is madness, since the accumulating fuel vapors ignited from the slightest spark. Such power units were abandoned almost immediately in favor of diesel engines. Lutsky also failed to mediate in negotiations with Holland's American plant that built submarines - in the Maritime Department he was suspected of lacking the promised connections at the plant and thirsting for only commissions. After submarines, Lutsky took up aviation, but the monoplane he created was never able to fly from Berlin to St. Petersburg: a gas pipeline burst in flight, a fire broke out and the plane crashed during landing.
After the outbreak of the First World War, Lutsky was arrested in his apartment in Berlin on Victoria-Louise Platz as a subject of the Russian Empire and until 1918 was in Spandau prison. After that, he continued to engage in inventive activities, wrote articles and received patents. In 1932, he invented spherical hollow wheels and used them to create an amphibious aircraft and a single-track two-wheeled vehicle. Such a car as a cheap "folk" vehicle Lutsky, through the mediation of the German aviator and industrialist Helmut Girt, offered the Soviet leadership in 1936. In reality, the project did not materialize. How and where the life of this amazing person ended is still unknown, but judging by the recent increased interest in this person, one of the researchers will definitely answer this question.
) - IN outstanding Russian auto designer - inventor of ships and automotive engines. Born near Berdyansk - educated, lived and worked abroad - for a long time Chief engineer (technical director) of the company Daimler .
After graduating from a real school in Sevastopol, he entered the Munich Polytechnic Institute. While still a student, he received a patent for an engine he invented, in which the valves were actuated by a common push rod. The Russian inventor found support from the German factories Kebers and Nuremberg (now MAN), which provided the basis for the implementation of his ideas. In 1897 he founded his own design office in Berlin and began to cooperate with engineer A. Altman, who owned a factory for the production of stationary engines near Berlin. This company was later taken over by Daimler . The range of interests of Lutsky was extremely wide: tricycles, cars, automobile and ship engines. At the age of 25, he received the post of chief engineer of the MAN company, which he left in 1897 and began to cooperate with the company Daimler .
He made a significant contribution to the creation of trucks and cars Daimler , "Daimler-Marienfelds", was a member of the board of directors of a subsidiary of Daimler. Also in In the early 90s of the last century, he designed several internal combustion engines intended for self-propelled carriages. According to contemporaries (1899), Lutsky's engines could be "delivered along with the best gasoline engines." As a leading designer of a German company Daimler , B.G. Lutskoy created many models of cars and trucks, which featured the most advanced engineering and design solutions. In 1900 at the Berlin exhibition was shown a car Lutsky, who deserved a very commendable assessment of German specialists. Characteristically, the gasoline engine of this car was located under seat . In general, according to eyewitnesses, the engine and chassis of Lutsky's car were superior to the best foreign models of that time. The next automobile design of Lutsky was a truck with a multi-cylinder engine, demonstrated at the World Exhibition 1900 . in Paris and was awarded a silver medal. The carrying capacity of the car was about 5 tons, average speed movement reached 11 km per hour. The weight of these vehicles, however, was large enough for the dirt road surface of that time - without a load, it weighed about 4 tons. Based on the properties of road surfaces, Lutsk further brought the weight of its trucks to 2 tons, and payload- up to a little less than 2 tons.
During the world exhibition in Paris, Lutsky headed its automobile department, where he met with Admiral Verkhovsky, who offered a profitable order for the Russian fleet - the supply of engines for submarines and boats. This order was completed by Daimler-Marienfelds, and part of it (according to its drawings) was made by the St. Petersburg plant Lessner . When P.A. Lessner signed with the company Daimler contract for the construction of licensed gasoline engines and automobiles, Lutsk was appointed as a consultant to JSC P.A. Lessner , where, with his participation, cars were created and produced.
Lutsky's activity was versatile. It should also be mentioned that B.G. Lutskoy was internationally famous not only as automotive engineer, but also as a creator of aircraft. At the German company Hevaldsverk, he designed and built engines for destroyers, at the Shtever plant - cars, at the Argus plant - aircraft engines.
Lutsk brought to April 1900 . from Germany for sea trials at the Izhora plant, two "motor carts" that he designed and built in Marienfeld at the plant Daimler . On April 30, 1901, the Russian auto designer was presented to the Emperor of All Rus', Nicholas II, in whose presence he demonstrated his achievements, was supported by him, subsequently awarded the high Order of St. Stanislav, all his cars (already three) were immediately bought by the Russian military department and ordered a lot other machines.
Lutskoy worked for a long time in Germany, where he developed many engines and cars. Not having his own production plant, the designer collaborated with various companies. The result of Lutsky's work was a lot of technical innovations, including those tested on cars Mercedes . Power units and cars designed by Lutsky were in demand in Russia. So, the Maritime Department ordered a truck with a carrying capacity of 300 pounds for its needs. Soon two more cars built by the company were purchased. Daimler according to the project of Lutsky. The headquarters of the Kyiv military district received a 4-seater passenger car designed by Lutsky “for headquarters service”. stamped steel frame , ignition from magneto "tear-off", T-shaped cylinder head , 4-cylinder vertical engine block , foot accelerator instead of manual, placed in front of the engine radiator - this is just a small list of Boris Lutsky's implementations
His fate was dramatic. In 1913, he spoke in St. Petersburg at one of the meetings of the Russian Technical Society with a report on his work. Then he began negotiations with industrialists on the organization of an engine production plant in St. Petersburg. In the summer of 1914 he returned to Germany, where he was arrested. A week later, the First World War began. They tried to force him to work at German factories, but Lutsky did not accept any offers. He was kept in the Spandau prison throughout the war and was released only in 1918 after the November revolution in Berlin. He was persuaded to stay in Germany, but he categorically refused and returned to Russia in 1919, where he soon died.
The name of Boris Grigoryevich Lutsky (1865-1943), brilliant inventor and the designer, until recently it was undeservedly forgotten. His contribution to the development of world engineering is enormous. At the end of the 19th - the first half of the 20th century, Lutsky was one of the most famous inventors not only in Europe, but throughout the world. The range of developments of B. G. Lutsky was unusually wide. He created original car designs, different types engines and their components. In the USA and Germany, B. G. Lutsky patented more than 120 inventions, many of which are still in use today..
House of Russian Diaspora A. Solzhenitsyna and the Museum of Industrial Culture organized the exhibition "Engineer B. G. Lutsky - the Russian genius of the automotive industry in Europe" (on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth) at the address: st. Nizhnyaya Radishchevskaya, house 2 (next to the Taganskaya metro station. Entrance is free. So I went in freely when I passed by.
For the first time, the exhibition presents photographs, documents, drawings, patents, newspaper publications and letters stored in the archives of the Daimler company (Germany), the Russian State Military Historical Archive (Moscow), the Russian State Archive of the Navy (St. Petersburg) , Central State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg), as well as documents from personal collections.
Boris Grigorievich Lutsky was born on January 3 (according to the new style on January 15), 1865 in the city of Berdyansk, Tauride province, into a merchant family. In 1875 he entered the Konstantinovsky real school in Sevastopol. After graduation, Boris Lutsky, as one of the best students of the school, was sent to study abroad, to the Munich Higher Technical School. In 1885, while still studying at the institute, Lutsky was the first in the world to design a vertical internal combustion engine, in which the crankshaft was not above the cylinder, but below it. Lutsky began his engineering career at the Munich Machine-Building Factory "Landes".
Here he made a vertical four-stroke gas ICE power 3 horsepower, which became a sensation at the Munich exhibition power machines for small businesses in 1888. The German factory "Köbers Eisenwerk" bought the rights to the young engineer's patents and at the end of 1888 Lutsky moved to Hamburg, where the factory was located. In 1889, at the Hamburg Exhibition, the engines of the Köbers Eisenwerk factory, created according to Lutsky's patents, were awarded a gold medal. IN At the end of 1890, the leadership of one of the largest industrial companies in Germany - the Machine Building Joint Stock Company in Nuremberg - invited the 25-year-old Lutsky to work as an engineer and designer of gas and gasoline engines. While working in the company, Lutsky created several original types of engines, for example, a boxer one, in which the cylinders were located opposite each other.
In 1897, Lutsky founded his own company in Nuremberg called the Society for the Construction of Automobile Crews of the Lutsky System. In the same year, Lutsky, as one of the most reputable automakers in Europe, became a co-founder of the European Automobile Union, and representatives of large German capital Max Duttenhofer and Wilhelm Lorenz invited Lutsky to the position of one of the directors of the Berlin consortium "Allgemeine Motorwagen Gesellschaft" and a technical consultant at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft. Lutsky accepted the offer and in 1898 moved to Berlin. In the spring of 1900, Lutsky exhibited his cars at the World Exhibition in Paris, where they were awarded a silver medal. At this exhibition, he met Vice-Admiral Vladimir Pavlovich Verkhovsky (1837-1917), the head of the main department of shipbuilding and supply of the Imperial Russian Fleet. This acquaintance later changed the whole life of the inventor. Vice Admiral instructed Lutsky to develop engines for submarines and boats of the Russian military fleet.
Lutsky, together with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, took part in the creation of the world's first truck with a classic layout.On April 30, 1901, in St. Petersburg, he presented to Emperor Nicholas II and a group of officials a five-ton truck with a two-cylinder engine with a power of 10 Horse power(in the photograph, Lutsky in a top hat, Nicholas II in a white tunic).From 1900 to 1904, Lutsky developed a whole series of engines for the ships of the Russian navy.In 1901, Lutsky developed for the first combat submarine Russian Empire"Dolphin" engine with a capacity of 300 horsepower. It was the first in the world six-cylinder engine internal combustion engine installed on a submarine. And in 1903, an engineer created an engine with a capacity of 6,000 horsepower for a Russian destroyer with a displacement of 350 tons! It was the first internal combustion engine of such gigantic power.
In 1899, under the leadership of Lutsky, the Motorfartsoyg und Motorenfabrik consortium created a passenger car called the Phoenix. The engine of this carfour-cylinder in-line vertical combustion engine, after modifications was usedon the first Mercedes car in 1901In 1904, to test engines being developed for the navy of the Russian Empire, Lutsky built two motor boats- "Lukerya" and "Queen". The boat "Tsaritsa" took part in many competitions. She became world famous in 1907 after participating in the Rhine Regatta, where she showed absolute record speed - 50.8 km / h. The boat "Tsaritsa" was equipped with a 500-horsepower six-cylinder reversible ICE designs Lutsky. Due to the use of a reverse mechanism, the Tsaritsa boat could move in reverse.For services to the fatherland in 1904 B. G. Lutsky was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus. In 1906, the Emperor of Russia Nicholas II conferred on him the title of hereditary honorary citizen of the Russian Empire, and in 1911 granted him a title of nobility.
Since 1902, cooperation between Lutsky and Russian joint stock company"G. A. Lessner. In 1904-1909, about 100 cars and trucks licensed by Daimler-Benz. In Russia they were sold under the brand name " Daimler-Loutzky ". In particular, in 1906 a passenger car was made for the head of the tsarist government, S. Yu. Witte.Since 1908, Lutsky took up aviation, when the German company Argus invited him to the position of technical director for the development of aircraft engines. Here Lutsky developed a whole series of engines from 50 to 150 horsepower, which were used with great success by many companies in Germany and other countries.In the same year, Lutsky developed a 100-horsepower in-line aircraft engine"Argus", one of the most successful engines of that time. It was used by the famous aircraft designer I. I. Sikorsky when creating his first aircraft.
After the end of the war in 1920, the engineer created his own enterprise in Berlin called the Lutsky Plant, which manufactured pneumatic hubs for vehicle wheels according to his patents. From 1920 to 1925 Lutsky patented different countries world dozens of inventions related to the improvement of wheels.In 1932, Lutsky invented unique spherical hollow wheels, which he planned to use in the creation of an amphibious aircraft and a single-track two-wheeled vehicle. Lutsky, through the mediation of the German aviator and industrialist Helmut Girt, offered this car to the Soviet leadership in 1936 as a cheap, "people's" vehicle.Fate so happened that B. G. Lutsky lived almost all his life abroad, but he was always a patriot of his homeland. Even in patents for inventions, he emphasized his connection with Russia, noting in them that he was a subject of tsarist Russia (until 1919), a subject of Russia (1919-1924), a citizen of the Russian Republic. After 1932, Lutsky began to indicate in patents that he was a former subject of the Emperor of Russia, currently stateless.
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INTRODUCTION
"Like the movement of tiny particles that carry energy to other bodies, transport is a vital and connecting link between various areas of human activity." A. Einstein
As a scientific discovery, we have the right to consider the car as a product of the centuries-old evolution of the technical thought of all mankind. Analyzing the technical discoveries of the 50-60s. XIX century, we can assume that the general scientific base, the foundation of the invention of the car, had already been created by that time. Has begun direct process solving the problem, which led to the appearance of the car itself, those fundamental elements in the design and operation of the car that have survived to this day. The key problem of the creativity of the inventors was the main component of the car - the engine ...
Adherence to the engine speaks of the innate thoroughness of a person. All the great fathers of motoring were the designers of their cars as a whole, down to the smallest details, but most importantly - the creators of their hearts themselves - engines.
At the World Exhibition in Paris - and this was in 1898 - the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft company demonstrated its cars and among them a truck. At that time, the car seemed to be a miracle of technology and struck with its size. In a photograph preserved in the archives of the current Daimler-Benz company, the lens captured the creators of this truck.
From right to left - Gottlieb Daimler himself, his colleague Wilhelm Maybach, followed by another engineer, whose name for some reason was not preserved in the chronicles ...
“The fate of Russian inventors is known,” wrote the Moscow magazine Cyclist in 1901. “They don’t find things to do at home, but abroad they are welcomed with open arms.” Among such domestic inventors, involuntarily in foreign service, was the engineer B.G. Lutsky.
The purpose of my work is to present the history of engines and motor vehicles created by our brilliant compatriot - a pioneer in the world of engine, car and aircraft construction.
RUSSIAN DESIGN ENGINEER BORIS GRIGORYEVICH LUTSKOY (LUTSKY)
Little is known of reliable facts about the life of Boris Grigoryevich Lutsky, many of the information is distorted, full of conjectures that have not been documented. Let's start with the fact that so far there is not a single portrait or photograph that would give the right to confidently assert that the person depicted on them is really Lutsky. Even the spelling of the surname during the life of the engineer was distorted - instead of "Lutsk" they wrote "Lutsk". The fact is that this outstanding inventor entered the automobile annals under two names at once.
One of the few reliable biographical sources is a letter written by the engineer himself to the Russian military attache in Berlin, Prince P.N. Engalychev. The designer offered the Russian military department to pay attention to the cars he invented and reported a number of information about himself.
According to this document, Boris Grigoryevich Lutsky was born in 1865 near the city of Berdyansk in the Tauride province. He studied at the Konstantinovsky real school in Sevastopol, which he successfully graduated in 1882. The most successful students in the sciences were sent abroad to continue their education. Boris Lutsky, undoubtedly, belonged to their number, since the director of the school, Prince Urusov, himself was busy with sending him abroad. So the young man was sent to Munich. Entering the Institute of Technology, he plunged headlong into his studies and practical engineering activities. The subject of study were internal combustion engines. Having not yet graduated from the institute, he became one of the most promising developers of gas engines. It is not surprising that simultaneously with the presentation of an engineering diploma, Boris received whole line invitations from German companies. It was then that the young man faced a dilemma: to return to his homeland and try to find himself there, or to accept one of the offers and stay in Germany. Moreover, Boris Grigorievich certainly understood that in Russia he would not be able to fully realize his potential. Nevertheless, Lutsky decided to return for the "departure of military service", postponing final choice for later. After serving his "duty", he nevertheless decided to leave again for Munich, but this time a Russian engineer arrived with drawings of the engine he had invented. At the same time, he also did not want to break ties with his homeland.
In Germany, Lutsky got a job as an engineer at Landes and Mashinostroitelnaya Kompaniya. Soon his new gas engine appeared, which in 1888 was exhibited at the Munich Exhibition. The debut was successful - "the car has earned the attention of professors of the Institute of Technology and entrepreneurs." At the same exhibition, the Koebers-Eisenberg company acquired a patent for the Lutsky engine. Due to the fact that the effect of the "privilege" extended only to Northern Germany, the designer had to move to the small town of Harburg. At the end of 1890, Boris Grigoryevich received a new invitation - this time from one of the largest engineering firms in Germany - Nuremberg Maschinenbau AG. Now this company is famous all over the world and is known under the abbreviation "MAN". He was offered the position of chief engineer of this company. At the same time, the company bought a patent for its gas engine, and the effect of the patent began to extend to the whole of Germany. What real engineer would turn down such a tempting offer? And soon Lutsky ended up in Nuremberg, where he spent the next six years of his life. During this time they were adjusted mass production internal combustion engines and several new experimental models have been developed.
Then Lutsky moved to Berlin, where he was invited by the largest representatives of German capital. There Boris Grigoryevich works for a group of firms, one of which is called Marienfelde.
The year 1897 became decisive in the fate of Boris Grigorievich. It was then, by his own admission, that he "received an offer from the Nuremberg industrialists to engage in the development of motoring." This problem has long interested the engineer, so he agreed to move to Berlin, where he soon appeared new firm- "Gesellschaft fur Automobil-Wagenbau", on which he began to work. In the autumn of the same year, Lutsky, together with G. Daimler, R. Diesel, L. Lohner, E. Rumpler and E. Van der Ziepen, became one of the founders of the European Automobile Union. Taking on the development of cars, the designer moved forward in stages, creating tricycles, light strollers and, finally, real cars, including heavy trucks.
For the first time, cars with the Loutzky brand appeared at an exhibition in Berlin in 1899. They were built by the already mentioned company Gesellschaft fur Automobil-Wagenbau, and Lutsky had already become its director by that time. Of all the exhibits, the most interesting were three cars of models "A", "B" and "C". Model "A" had a 1-cylinder engine and was controlled by a lever. The "B" model car was equipped with a 2-cylinder engine, a tilt steering column with a real steering wheel. The public, and especially the ladies, liked the present steering wheel trimmed with deliciously fragrant leather. Model "C" was intended for delivery postal items. Like the previous two cars, its 2-cylinder engine was located under the seat, and the mailbox occupied the entire front. The postal car had a peculiarity - its engine was started directly from the driver's seat with the help of a special lever, which was a rarity at that time. The driver did not have to turn the handle for a long time, and then jump into the car on the go.
Engine mail car developed a power of 5.5 liters. With. at a speed of 1800 rpm. It is possible that this engine, which had a liter capacity of 8.93 liters. s. / l, the compression ratio reached 5 - 6. For most engines of that time, it was 3 - 3.5, and for De Dion-Buton it did not exceed 5.2. Lutskoy spoke about the previously named compression ratio (5 - 6) in his report on the mentioned cars and published in the Motorvagen magazine No. 5 for 1899.
The public was also interested in the fourth exhibit presented by Lutsky - a model D motor tricycle with a closed trailer passenger sidecar. The engine on it was the same as on the model A car, but it did not fit behind rear axle(like the De Dion-Bouton tricycles), and in front of it inside the wheelbase. This improved the distribution of the mass of the tricycle along the axles of the wheels and made it more manageable.
It is worth noting that all the listed exhibits of Lutsky were widely noted in the technical press of that time, and articles about them were accompanied by photographs, as well as drawings of engines. Undoubtedly, this affected the work of other designers. For example, since 1900, the French firm "Buchet" began to build engines for tricycles, and then motorcycles, with overhead valves driven by rods and rocker arms. For the implementation of the upper camshaft the time has not yet come.
The designs aroused the admiration of the public and positive feedback from specialists. In automotive magazines of that time, these ideas were analyzed in detail, drawings were also published there more than once. racing car, which Lutsky called "Phoenix". He was proud of his cars and did not hide his own achievements. In the end, the fame of the talents of Boris Grigorievich reached the German government. There they thought and decided to entrust "this Russian" with the organization of the German automobile exposition at the Paris Exhibition of 1900. It must be said that Lutsky coped with this matter very successfully.
Working on the improvement of cars, Lutsky did not pursue commercial interest, often refusing very profitable in financial terms offers. The idea itself occupied him. Not having his own production plant, the designer throughout his life collaborated with various companies. One of them was the Daimler company, which owes a lot to the Russian engineer. Suffice it to say that Lutsky participated in the development of the first trucks of this company.
If you believe the magazines of that time, then the contribution of the Russian engineer to the improvement of gasoline and alcohol engines was enormous. Here is what, for example, is written in No. 5 for 1901 of the then popular magazine Cyclist: automotive department Germany flaunted the inventions of the Russian ... "
Cyclist, No. 18, 1901: "Lutskoy is at the head of both the motor and automobile business, developing its ideas in this area with the help of the Daimler and Marienfelde factories.
