Pinout OBD-2 (On Board Diagnostic)- a term that denotes a standard for diagnosing and monitoring the activity of a car engine, some parts of the chassis and other auxiliary devices.
The history of OBD-II began in the middle of the 20th century, when the government of the United States of America suddenly discovered that the automotive industry, which they so vehemently support, ultimately brings great damage to the environment in general, and to humans in particular. appeared legislative acts but no one followed them. However, when the energy crisis came, negligent producers had to take at least some measures to save themselves and their consumers. It was against this background that the concept began to develop rapidly, involving the standardization of such a device as the OBD-II diagnostic connector.
In fact, OBD-II pinout are a few pieces of standardized rules and requirements that automakers must comply with in order for all engine control systems to meet the requirements of federal regulations regarding exhaust gases and smooth operation of the machine.
The main components of this system, which provide standardization or, in other words, “pinout” of 16-pin OBD-2 connectors for diagnostic operations, are:
Contact 1 (manufacturer specified);
Pin 2 - bus J 1850;
Contact 3 (manufacturer specified);
Pin 4 - chassis ground;
Pin 5 - signal ground.
Pin 6 - CAN (direct) J2284;
Contact 7 - ISO 9141 - 2 (K - line);
Pin 8 and 9 (manufacturer specified);
Pin 10 - bus J1850;
Contact 11, 12, 13 (to be determined by the manufacturer).
Pin 14 - CAN (invested) J2284;
Pin 15 - ISO 9141 - 2 (L - line);
Pin 16 - battery voltage.
The main function of the OBD-II diagnostic connector is to provide communication between the scanner and control units. An OBD-II connector such as DLC, which is SAE J1962 standard, should be located approximately in the center of the vehicle, 3 to 18 centimeters from the steering wheel. At the same time, manufacturers have the right to select many contacts themselves. It is very important that the OBD-2 connector (pinout assumes this) includes grounding and power, allowing the autoscanner to work successfully without connecting any additional power sources.
CAN, J1850 and ISO 9141-2
are standards developed by International Organizations, and each pin of the OBD-II connector in without fail must match one of these documents. For example, the pinout of the OBD-2 connector determines that cars Ford brands are connected by pin 2 and 10, and GM cars - only through pin 2. You, in turn, will be able to determine the compatibility of your car by the diagnostic block of the OBD-2 connector.
If the system detects a malfunction in the composition of the exhaust gases, the message will appear check engine(call to check the engine) and the light comes on. And you should not panic, your life is safe, and nothing will explode. The OBD-2 connector indicator only warns that the number of harmful emissions exceeds the norm. Check how the indicator works OBD II systems it is possible by turning on the ignition: when all the indicators on the dashboard light up, the MIL indicator lights up.
Today, millions of cars are moving on the roads, the owners of which use the OBD-II diagnostic connector, and the attitude towards it is only positive. After all, OBD-2 pinout allows us to breathe cleaner air, and also without the expensive help of highly qualified specialists in the presence of an OBD-II connector, to determine machine malfunctions with maximum accuracy.
pinout obd2 connector- all cars produced in last years, equipped with all kinds of electronic devices. One of important devices is considered a system for performing diagnostics of equipment installed in a vehicle. The design of this device includes an OBD2 connector that was designed in the nineties. Its main purpose is the ability to connect a scanner. In addition, it can be used to measure the onboard voltage, temperature component, speed, and other parameters. Moreover, all this can be done directly during the operation of vehicles.
As a rule, the obd2 connector socket is installed in the car near the steering column, (the distance is approximately 180 mm). The parametric characteristics of the connector allow you to create an exchange of information data using an industrial digital CAN bus. It is with the help of the CAN protocol that you can connect various control devices, all kinds of sensors and mechanisms. Moreover, it is possible to simultaneously receive and transmit data in digital format With high speed, also have anti-jamming function.
Connector design
functionality and pinout obd2 connector made according to a two-component circuit without symmetry and will include sixteen knife-shaped contacts. These contacts are located in the block parallel to each other with a guide key. Their numbering in the block is from left to right, with the top line of contacts marked with numbers from 1-8, and the other row from 9-16. The design of the connector is made of durable plastic, and the contacts themselves are separated by a special longitudinal plate.
To implement the correct polarity when connecting the "dad" connector to the "mother" socket, a trapezoid design with slightly rounded corners is provided. The pin functions in the connector have two assignment groups. One of which is made according to the standard scheme, and the manufacturer has the right to use the other group at his own discretion, to perform certain tasks.
Unsoldering obd2 connector with the definition of the function of each contact is shown in the table below:
| 1 | Branded |
| 2 | Bus J1850 |
| 3 | Branded |
| 4 | Grounding general |
| 5 | signal ground |
| 6 | CAN bus |
| 7 | Line K according to ISO 9141-2 |
| 8 | Branded |
| 9 | Branded |
| 10 | Bus J1850 |
| 11 | Branded |
| 12 | Branded |
| 13 | Branded |
| 14 | CAN bus |
| 15 | Line L according to ISO 9141-2 |
| 16 | +12V |
A distinctive feature in the design of the obd2 connector is that it has a connection socket onboard network. And this makes it possible to use scanners without resorting to the use of an additional power supply circuit. A lot has changed since the first obd2 connectors, which were only able to display information about an existing problem. Today, advanced connectors have the ability to extract maximum information about problems. This happens due to the connection of diagnostic devices with electronic modules in auto.
How to make your own connecting cable
Sometimes there is a need to make connecting wire, this may happen when you need to connect to car computer diagnostic device. Therefore, as well as possible, the values indicated in the table will help here.
OBD2 scanner for SsandYong New Actyon
OBD diagnostic socket
In this article, I will try to introduce you to the principles of operation of an injection engine from the side of electrical circuits. There is an opinion that the carburetor is simple, reliable and unpretentious, and the injector ... There is no better way "Injector ...". My personal opinion is not necessary to listen to such experts. You just need to figure out the issue.
In order to understand how the car "breathes" there is a diagnostic connector. The form that it now has did not appear immediately. As always, America helped us in this. We know that they are mad with fat, but the fact that something worthwhile comes out of this is a rather rare case. However, in order. For a very long time, the US government supported its auto industry (not to be confused with what is happening in Russia). But then environmentalists sounded the alarm, the same ones that are against warming up cars, they say, spoil the nature of your cars. Commissions, committees and subcommittees, decrees began to be created ... the producers pretended to obey, but in fact they neglected everything that was possible. And then the energy crisis struck, which led to a decline in production, automakers became thoughtful, it became unprofitable to ignore government decisions. It was in such a difficult environment that OBD (On Board Diagnostics) rules were created. www.obdii.com for those who cut in English). Each manufacturer used their own emission control methods. The Association of Automotive Engineers proposed several standards to change this, and the birth of OBD is believed to have occurred when the Department of Air Control made many of these standards mandatory in California for vehicles since 1988. Only a few parameters were monitored: an oxygen sensor, an exhaust recirculation system, a fuel supply system and an engine control unit in terms of exceeding exhaust gas standards. But it was not possible to restore order in this way, but only everything got more confused. Firstly, monitoring systems were literally far-fetched to old cars, since they were created as additional equipment. Manufacturers only formally fulfilled the requirements, the cost of the car increased. Secondly, independent services howled - each car became almost unique, it required detailed instructions from the manufacturer, a description of the codes, a scanner with its own connector. The US government was to blame, it was blamed by manufacturers, environmentalists, service stations, motorists. In 1996, it was decided that all car manufacturers selling their products in the United States must adhere to OBDII, a revised OBD specification. Thus, OBDII is not an engine management system, as many believe, but a set of rules and requirements that every manufacturer must comply with in order to comply with US federal emission standards. For a deeper understanding, I propose to consider in more detail the main requirements of the standard.
1. Diagnostic connector of the OBDII standard. Its main function is to allow the diagnostic scanner to communicate with OBDII-compliant control units and comply with SAE J1962 standards, i.e. it must be located in one of eight locations defined by the Protection Agency environment(wow!!!) and within 16 inches of the steering column. Each contact has its own purpose, some, for example, are left to the discretion of the manufacturer, the main thing is that they do not intersect with OBDII-compatible control units.
Let's take a closer look at connectors. Connectors 4, 5, 16 refer to power, this is done for convenience reasons - the scanner is immediately supplied with power, no separate wire is required, for example, to the cigarette lighter. 2, 10, 6, 14, 7.15 are the actual conclusions of three equivalent standards. Manufacturers can choose which one to use for their products. Thus, in terms of connector and protocols, there is complete unification.
Fig2 
Thus Hyundai disposed of the diagnostic connector. Please note that the numbers of the connectors in the pictures do not match, because the block and the plug are shown.
2. Standard communication protocols for diagnostics. As you can see, the standard provides for only three protocols. The operation algorithm is simple "request - response". The protocols themselves are also classified according to the speed of data exchange.
A- the slowest 10 KB/s. The ISO9141 standard uses a Class A protocol.
B- speed 100 kb/s. This is the SAE J1850 standard.
WITH- speed 1 MB/s. The most used class C standard for vehicles is the CAN protocol.
Let's take a look at these protocols.
J1850 protocol. There are two types: J1850 PWM((Pulse Width Modulation - pulse width modulation) high-speed, providing 41.6 Kbytes / sec. It is used by Ford, Jaguar and Mazda. In accordance with the PWM protocol, signals are transmitted on two wires to pins 2 and 10. J1850 VPW (Variable Pulse Width- variable pulse width) supports data transfer at a rate of 10.4. KB/sec It's being used General Motors(GM) and Chrysler. This protocol uses one wire and uses connector 2. ISO 9141 not as complicated as J1850, does not require communication microprocessors. It is used in most European and Asian vehicles, as well as in some Chrysler models.
Here I want to make a small digression for the owners Hyundai cars. Please note that we have 2 contact involved (protocol ISO 9141), nothing more than the well-known K-Line. And this opens up wide opportunities for the use of BC made for VAZ cars. After all, what the creators of OBDII sought was compatibility, here you get it. There is one nuance, but about it a little later.
3. Check Engine Malfunction Indicator Lamp. It illuminates when the engine management system detects an exhaust gas problem. Its purpose is to inform the driver that a problem has occurred during the operation of the engine control system. It should be interpreted as follows “it would be nice to go to the service” and that's it. The engine won't explode, the car won't catch fire. Another thing is if your oil light or engine overheat warning lights up. Then you need to panic. The Check Engine light comes on according to a certain algorithm, depending on the severity of the malfunction. If the malfunction is serious and urgent repair is required, the indicator lights up immediately. Such a malfunction belongs to the category of active (Active). If the error is not fatal, the indicator is off, and the fault is assigned a stored status (Stored). In order for such a fault to become active, it must repeat itself for several drive cycles (this is the process by which a cold engine starts and runs until it reaches operating temperature).
4. Diagnostic error codes (DTC - Diagnostic Trouble Code). A malfunction in the OBDII standard in accordance with the J2012 specification is described as follows:
rice3 
First character Indicates which part of the vehicle has a problem. The choice of symbol is determined by the diagnosed control unit. If a response is received from two blocks, the letter for the block with the higher priority is used.
P- engine and transmission
B- body
C- chassis
U- network communications
The second character shows what the code defined.
0 or P0- basic (open) fault code defined by the Association of Automotive Engineers.
1 or P1- a fault code determined by the vehicle manufacturer.
But not everything is as smooth in the Kingdom of Denmark as it seems at first glance. Remember, I promised to tell about one nuance. So, almost all BCs know P0 codes - basic ones, but internal codes for each car are different. For example, Accent has its own unique error codes for each model year, but on Matrix - no, why this happened is a mystery to me.
The third character is the system in which the fault has been detected. It carries the most useful information.
1 - fuel-air system
2 - fuel system
3 - ignition system
4 - auxiliary emission control system (exhaust gas recirculation valve, engine exhaust air intake system, catalytic converter or fuel tank ventilation system)
5 - speed control system or idling with appropriate auxiliary systems
6 - engine control module
7
8 - transmission or drive axle
Fourth and fifth characters this is an individual error code. They usually correspond to old OBDI codes.
5. Self-diagnosis of malfunctions leading to increased toxicity of emissions. Engine Management Software is a set of OBDII compliant programs that run in the engine control unit and "watch" everything that happens around. The engine control unit is a real computer. During the operation of which a huge number of calculations are performed for commands by numerous engine devices, based on data received from various sensors. In addition to this, the controller must carry out diagnostics and control of the components of the OBDII system, namely:
Check drive cycles that determine the generation of error codes
Starts and executes component monitors
Specifies the priority of monitors
Updates the readiness status of monitors
Displays test results for monitors
Does not allow conflicts between monitors
The monitor is a test performed by the OBDII system in the engine control unit to evaluate the correct functioning of the emission components. There are two types of monitors:
Continuous (performs as long as there are appropriate conditions)
Discrete (triggered once per trip)
There remains one more issue that needs to be considered separately - these are on-board computers (BC). Just don't confuse it with Amigo crafts or regular ones - they practically do not carry any useful information. What are real BCs for and what can they do? There are a lot of people who just like to dig with their car, to know how it “lives”. Sometimes you can just save money - for example, he himself determined which sensor was out of order, buy it himself, change it himself. After all, the service center will definitely include diagnostics in the bill, and the sensor will sell with an unimaginable markup. For example, I very often come to the service with a ready-made solution - I'm interested in solving the problem, but turning the nuts is not. I'm wondering what the instantaneous consumption is, how the mains voltage jumps from consumers, what parameters are given by the sensors, what errors in operation were recorded. It's a hobby. And I understand perfectly why manufacturers not only do not install full-fledged BCs, but also do not certify from third-party manufacturers. We deprive dealers of super profits. The formal pretext is an extra load on the engine control unit, they say it is forced to process more BC requests. Of course, there is logic in such a statement, but excuse me, but dealers have scanners that don’t load? Load, but they are certified. And they cost incredible money. Some vicious circle. In general, draw your own conclusions. I hope that with the help of this article you have come closer to understanding your car.
With the time of appearance in cars electronic systems control from microprocessors, it also became necessary to check the operation parameters of the blocks themselves and the connecting electrical circuits. For this purpose, they invented equipment called (On Board Diagnostic), initially it only gave out information about the malfunction, without any clarification.
In modern cars, using the OBD connector with a standard pinout of the connector for diagnostics to on-board computer you can connect a special or scanner and conduct complete diagnostics independently to almost any motorist. Since 1996, the second concept of the standard has been developed in the USA, which has become mandatory for newly produced cars.
Purpose of OBD2 determine:
type of diagnostic connector;
pinout of the connector for diagnostics;
electrical communication protocols;
message format.
The European Union has adopted EOBD, which is based on OBD2. It has been mandatory for all cars since January 2001. OBD-2 supports 5 communication protocols.
Knowing the location and standard pinout of the connector, you can check the car yourself. Thanks to the widespread implementation of OBD2 when diagnosing a car, you can get an error code that will be the same regardless of the make and model of the car.
The standard code contains the X1234 structure, where each character carries its own meaning:
X is the only letter character that allows you to recognize a faulty system (engine, gearbox, electronic components, etc.);
1 - represents the general code of the OBD2 standard or additional codes factory;
2 - clarification of the location of the malfunction (power or ignition system, auxiliary circuits, etc.);
34 - sequence number of the error.
The pinout of the OBD2 diagnostic connector has a special power plug from the on-board network, this allows you to use any scanners and adapters without additional electrical circuits. If earlier diagnostic protocols showed only general information about the presence of any problem, now, thanks to the communication of the diagnostic device with electronic blocks car can be considered more full information about a specific problem.
Each connected diagnostic equipment must comply with one of three international standards:
The location of the diagnostic connector with OBD2 pinout for diagnostics can vary greatly in various cars. There is no single standard for location, the car manual or sleight of hand will help you here.
Below are a few common points for your convenience:
- in the slot of the lower casing of the instrument panel in the region of the left knee of the driver;
- under the ashtray installed in the central part of the instrument panel (some Peugeot models);
- under plastic plugs on the bottom of the instrument panel or on the center console (typical for VAG products);
- on the back wall of the instrument panel behind the glove box housing (some Lada models);
- on the center console near the lever parking brake(found on some machines
- at the bottom of the armrest niche (common on French cars);
- under the hood near the motor shield (typical for some cars of Korean and Japanese production).
Many motorists also sometimes intentionally transfer the OBD2 pinout connector to another not always standard place, this may be due to repairing electrical wiring or protecting the car from theft.
Types of connectors with pinout OBD2
In the early 2000s, there were no strict requirements for the external shape of the connector, and many automakers independently assigned the configuration of the device. There are currently two types of OBD 2 connector, referred to as Type A and Type B.
Both plugs are almost identical in appearance and have a 16-pin output (two rows of eight pins), the only difference is between the central guide grooves.
The numbering of the pins in the block is from left to right, while in the top row there are contacts with numbers 1-8, and in the bottom row - from 9 to 16. The outer part of the case is made in the shape of a trapezoid with rounded corners, which ensures reliable connection of the diagnostic adapter. The photo shows both devices.
Connector options - Type A on the left and Type B on the right
OBD 2 connector - pinout
Below is a diagram and pin assignments in the OBD2 pinout connector, which are defined by the standard.
Numbering of plugs in the connector
General description of plugs:
1 - reserved, this pin can output any signal that is set by the car manufacturer;
2 - channel "K" for transmitting various parameters (may be designated - bus J1850);
3 - similar to the first;
4 - grounding of the connector on the car body;
5 - diagnostic adapter signal grounding;
6 - direct connection CAN bus contact J2284;
7 - channel "K" according to ISO 9141-2;
8 - similar to contacts 1 and 3;
9 - similar to contacts 1 and 3;
10 - pin for connecting the bus of the J1850 standard;
11 - pin assignment is set by the vehicle manufacturer;
12 - similarly;
13 - similarly;
14 - additional pin of the CAN bus J2284;
15 - channel "L" according to ISO 9141-2;
16 - positive output of the on-board network voltage (12 Volts).
An example of the factory pinout of the OBD 2 connector is the Hyundai Sonata, where pin 1 receives a signal from the control unit anti-lock braking system, and on pin 13 - a signal from the control unit and sensors inflatable pillows security.
Depending on the operation protocol, pinout options are allowed:
When using the standard ISO 9141-2 protocol, it is activated via pin 7, while pins 2 and 10 in the connector are inactive. For data transfer, pins with numbers 4, 5, 7 and 16 are used (sometimes pin number 15 can be used).
With a protocol like SAE J1850 in the VPW (Variable Pulse Width Modulation) version, pins 2, 4, 5, and 16 are used. The connector is typical for American and European cars General Motors.
The use of the J1850 in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mode provides for the additional activation of pin 10. This type of connector is used on products concern Ford. It is common for the J1850 protocol in any form not to use pin number 7. Beginning of form
Of course, for many, such diagrams and descriptions of the pinouts of the OBD2 connector are very complex and unnatural. Often, motorists prefer to periodically give their car to a specialized car service and not even think about diagnostic connectors and, especially, about their pinouts. But still it is worth recognizing the usefulness self diagnosis. Experienced motorists say that every car owner needs to have a diagnostic scanner in the car to quickly check their doubts about the operation of the car, check for errors, settings, and the like, which, first of all, will save a lot of money.
Obvious advantages of self-diagnosis via OBD2 connector:
- Cost savings, service stations charge a lot of money for simple computer diagnostics
- To quickly find out the error and understand the malfunction without the help of specialists, you do not need to be nervous in the service station and you can avoid invented breakdowns, as is often the case in unscrupulous services.
Good luck on the road and in car diagnostics!
Currently great attention is given to control over the cleanliness of the environment. In this regard, OBD technology appeared, designed to do independent. The article gives the concept, the history of creation, the OBD2 pinout is considered, the OBDII diagram is attached.
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Overview of OBD2
On most modern cars installed (ECU), which collects and analyzes data on the work various systems car.
Concept and features
The term OBD - diagnostics of onboard equipment (On Board Diagnostic) is a general term that refers to the self-diagnosis of a car. This technology allows you to get information about the status of various systems. passenger car from the onboard computer.
At first, OBD only gave a malfunction message, but no detailed information about its essence was given. IN latest versions The system uses a standard digital connector that allows you to receive information about the status of auto systems in real time with the receipt of fault codes by which you can identify them. This a good device for reading errors and removing them.
An excursion into the history of creation
The history of the creation of OBD goes back to the 50s of the last century. The US government drew attention to the fact that the development of the automotive industry worsens the environment. The specification was developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). System first OBD diagnostics II controlled only the exhaust gas recirculation system, fuel supply, oxygen sensor, engine control unit, related to control over exhaust gases. There was no unified control system; each manufacturer installed its own system.
Since 1996, the United States has developed the second concept of the OBD2 standard, which has become mandatory for newly produced cars.
Purpose of OBD2-identify:
- type of diagnostic connector;
- pinout;
- electrical communication protocols;
- message format.
The European Union has adopted EOBD, which is based on OBD-II. It has been mandatory for all cars since January 2001. OBD-2 supports 5 communication protocols.
Pinout Features
The device for working with OBD is a diagnostic connector to which devices are connected that control the composition of exhaust gases and the operation of the main vehicle systems. The OBD2 pinout is a list of requirements that car manufacturers must adhere to.
According to the requirements, the OBD diagnostic connector must be located at a distance of no more than 18 cm from the steering wheel. The system is universal, uses the standard CAN digital protocol. It makes it possible to get detailed information about vehicle problems.
OBD2 protocols provide the ability to read various parameters, the number of which depends on the control unit and may differ by various manufacturers(Black Mamba).
Basically, about 20 parameters are supported.
Using the OBD-II system, you can read:
- coolant temperature;
- in what mode does the fuel system work;
- correction of fuel supply by bank 1/2, both long-term and short-term;
- estimated load on the engine;
- engine speed;
- fuel pressure;
- ignition timing;
- vehicle speed;
- air flow;
- pressure in the intake manifold;
- throttle position;
- location of oxygen sensors and data from them;
- incoming air temperature, etc.
To control a certain auto system, 2-3 parameters are enough. But more may be required. The number of simultaneously controlled parameters and the data output format depend on the scanning device, as well as on the speed of information exchange with the ECU.
The diagnostic connector has 16 pins - their pinout is as follows:
1 - installed at the factory;
2 - connected to the bus J 1850 (J1850 Bus +);
3- set by the manufacturer;
4- controls the ground contacts of the car (chassis) (Chassis Ground);
5 - to control the grounding network of the signal line (Signal Ground);
6 - associated with digital bus CAN (CAN High (J-2284));
7 - ISO 9141 - 2, K - Line;
8.9 - sets by the automaker;
10 - to control the CANJ 1850 bus (J1850 Bus-);
11, 12, 13 - installed by the manufacturer;
14 - to control the CANJ 2284 bus (CAN Low (J-2284));
15 - ISO 9141-2, L - Line;
16 - for voltage control battery(Battery power).
Thanks to the pinout, the driver can combine his car with the OBD2 diagnostic block.
If it is found that the composition of the exhaust gases does not meet the requirements, the CheckEngine message will light up, requiring the operation of the engine to be checked. The indicator warns that the amount has been exceeded harmful substances in waste gases.
OBD2 adapter
Each vehicle must be equipped with an OBD2 diagnostic adapter.
It is convenient to use for:
- diagnostics of car systems;
- identification and analysis of errors;
- control of the operation of the power unit;
- voltage, speed, mileage, temperature control;
- to track fuel consumption;
- control of a condition of panel devices;
- mileage tracking, etc.
When choosing a scanner, you should be guided by its capabilities. More accurate diagnostics are given expensive devices. If it is impossible to buy an expensive scanner, you should choose a scanning device made for this brand of car.
The OBD2 connector is used to connect the scanner to the ECU. Using the pinout, the scanner is connected to the car's power supply and ground, which ensures it smooth operation. Thanks to the OBDII protocols, the parameters that affect the purity of the air are controlled. This is environmental protection.
The presence of the OBD2 connector allows you to control the health of the car on your own, without resorting to expensive diagnostics.
