GAZ-MM
In 1938, the Gorky Automobile Plant began upgraded version truck, which received the designation GAZ-MM. The upgraded car received a reinforced mount rear springs, new steering, upgraded crosses cardan shaft, increased in cross section, stronger and more rigid frame and more powerful engine(50 instead of 40 hp), which was unified with the engine passenger car.
In front of the stamped ladder-type spar frame, a gasoline, in-line, four-cylinder, lower-valve engine with a volume of 3.28 liters and a power of 50 hp was fixed. at 2800 rpm paired with a 4-speed gearbox, which had three gears forward and one reverse. For cooling, a water radiator was fixed in front of the engine. Fuel into the carburetor was supplied by gravity from a tank located behind the dashboard above the passenger's knees. The truck was started using an electric starter, and its electrical equipment had a voltage of 6 volts.
FACT: « For a long time new truck produced with the old power of 40 hp. and a new engine, as there were not enough new engines for the entire production. Only with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, when the production of GAZ-M1 was practically curtailed, all produced trucks began to be equipped with a new, more powerful engine.
simplified GAZ-MM model 1942
The front axle was attached to the frame of the GAZ-MM truck using one transverse semi-elliptical spring and lever hydraulic shock absorbers single-acting, and the rear axle - on two longitudinal cantilever-type springs. main gear rear axle was conical and connected to the gearbox using a cardan shaft, which was enclosed in a pipe and rigidly attached to the crankcase main gear. Attached to the front axle of the car disc wheels With rubber tires in size 6.50-20, and dual-slope disc wheels with rubber tires in size 6.50-20 were attached to the rear axle. The mechanical service brake acted through cable drive on all wheels, and tape hand brake blocked only the rear wheels.
A double metal cabin was installed in the front of the frame. Access to the motor was provided by folding sidewalls on each side. A wooden insert was made in the cabin roof, covered with a tarpaulin, since at that time the Soviet industry did not have the ability to manufacture an all-metal sheet of this size. Doors were hung from the front hinges to the cab. The truck received a one-piece windshield, which could be rotated in the frame and fixed with winglets to ventilate the cab. A visor was fixed above the windshield to protect from the sun. For driving in bad weather in front of the driver on the upper frame windshield a single wiper was fixed, which had a vacuum drive and was connected with a hose to the carburetor inlet manifold. To protect the body from minor damage served front bumper from two elastic steel strips. A rear-view mirror was attached to the left pillar of the cab. To facilitate landing in the cabin, steps were used, which were connected to the front fenders.
IN dark time During the day, the road was illuminated by two electric headlights, which were mounted on a cross member between the front fenders, to which a sound signal was also attached. Under cargo platform a single rear marker lamp with stop sign.
Inside the GAZ-MM cab on the dashboard was located dashboard with the following set of sensors: on the left - the ignition switch, at the top in the center - an optical fuel gauge, on the right - an ammeter and at the bottom - a speedometer, in which the numbers printed on the drum replaced each other in the fixed window of the device, informing the driver about the speed. The illumination of the instruments was carried out using a light bulb, which was located at the top of the panel. The four-spoke steering wheel in the center was equipped with a light switch and a button sound signal. Two levers were located behind the steering wheel hub: the left one served to manually adjust the ignition timing, and the right one to fix the position throttle valve carburetor. The starter was actuated by a trigger located above the gas pedal, and a support for the driver's right foot was mounted just below and to the right of the gas pedal itself.
GAZ-MM model 1943 with plank doors
For ka a loading platform with folding sides was attached to the frame on wooden logs with a bina. The folding side boards consisted of four boards, which were bolted together with four metal crossbars and hung to the platform on four loops. The tailgate consisted of four boards, which were bolted together with three metal crossbars and hung to the platform on three loops. In the closed position, the sides were fixed with special locks. Under the side platform behind the rear axle was attached spare wheel, and a towing device for trailers and artillery pieces was attached to the last cross member of the frame.
FACT: “In 1942, to facilitate production and save metal, the truck lost its doors, one of the headlights, front brakes, transmission reversing and received the simplest wings made of bent roofing iron, a tarpaulin cab canopy instead of a roof, and only one tailgate. In 1943, the truck again received doors, first with plank doors, and later with standard metal doors, but until the end of production it was equipped with angular wings and a canvas roof.
The overall dimensions and weight of the GAZ-MM truck were:
- length - 5335 mm;
- width - 2030 mm;
- height - 1870 mm;
- wheelbase - 3340 mm;
- clearance - 200 mm;
- curb weight - 1650 kg;
- load capacity - 1500 kg.
The GAZ-MM truck was produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant from 1938 to October 10, 1949, when it was finally replaced by a new generation truck GAZ-51.
The GAZ-MM truck served as the basis for the creation of a number of modifications and special vehicles:
- - experimental snowmobile (1942);
- - experimental snowmobile (1945);
- - dump truck (1938-1950);
- – passenger bus(1937-1950);
- - in-plant tractor (1939-1950);
- - experimental three-axle truck (1938);
KIM (Moscow, USSR) (1938-1939),
Rostov Automobile Assembly Plant (1939-1941),
UlZiS (Ulyanovsk, USSR) (1947-1949, 1956)
| GAZ-MM | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | GAS |
| brand | GAZ-MM |
| Type | Petrol |
| Volume | 3 285 cm 3 |
| Max power | 50 l. With., at 2800 rpm |
| Configuration | in-line, 4-cyl. |
| cylinders | 4 |
| valves | 8 |
| Cylinder diameter | 98.43 mm |
| piston stroke | 107.95 mm |
| Compression ratio | 4,6 |
| Supply system | carburetor |
| Cooling | liquid |
| valve mechanism | SV |
| Block material | cast iron |
| Cylinder head material | cast iron |
| Cycle (number of cycles) | 4 |
| The order of operation of the cylinders | 1-2-4-3 |
| Recommended fuel | A-66 or A-70 |
GAZ-MM (lorry) - a truck of the Gorky Automobile Plant with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons (1500 kg), which was a modernized version of the GAZ-AA lorry with a more powerful 50-horsepower GAZ-M engine, reinforced suspension, new steering and driveshaft. Pre-war GAZ-MM external differences with model GAZ-AA did not have, and angular wings appear only on a simplified modification of the GAZ-MM-V of the war and post-war years.
Years of production of GAZ-MM: at GAZ - - 1946, at UAZ - - 1949, according to some sources, due to a shortage of M-1 engines (which went to the GAZ-AAA trios and BA-10 armored cars, the actual full-scale production of GAZ-MM began only in 1940, and ended in 1956 (perhaps in 1950-56). these were overhauled cars at UAZ).
In 1943-1945. a simplified version of the lorry was produced at GAZ - GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) with various options configuration. Outwardly, in addition to the wooden-tarpaulin cabin (in 1942, and without doors, only with canvas protective valves), angular wings obtained from roofing (or any suitable) iron by simple bending, which were also preserved on machines produced in 1946-1949, and were also installed on overhauled machines of early years of production.
The main part of the post-war park of one and a half was decommissioned in the early 1960s due to the ban (since 1962) on the operation in the USSR of cars with mechanical drive brakes.
In total, since 1932, about 985,000 copies of GAZ-AA, GAZ-MM and their derivatives have been produced, including during 1941-45. - 138,600 copies. By the beginning of World War II, the Red Army had 151,100 vehicles of these models.
GAZ-MM modifications
- GAZ-MM - base model truck with a 50 hp engine, produced in 1938-1941 at GAZ
- GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) - a simplified modification of the wartime GAZ-MM (the MM-V index is unofficial, the MM-13 index was used at the front), there are two types of MM-V cabs: sample 1943. with a canvas roof and canvas flaps instead of doors and a 1944 model with wooden lining and doors, respectively, on a 43-year truck, the wings were made by bending from low-grade (roofing) iron. Silencer, bumpers and front brakes were missing. Headlight and wiper installed only on the driver's side. The platform was equipped only with a rear folding side. GAZ-MM-V was produced until 1947 at GAZ, and in 1947-1950. - on UAZ. According to some reports, the production of a lorry continued until 1956.
- GAZ-410 - dump truck on the GAZ-MM and GAZ-MM-V chassis, load capacity 1.2 tons, all-metal self-unloading type body. Years of issue: 1938-1950
- GAZ-42 - a gas generator modification that used wooden chocks as fuel. Engine power 35-38 hp, passport load capacity - 1.0 tons (the real one is less, since a significant part of the shortened platform was occupied by a 150-200-kilogram stock of chocks). Years of issue: 1938-1949
- GAZ-43 - gas generating version on coal. Differed in smaller dimensions of the gas generator. Produced in small batches in 1938-1941.
- GAZ-44 (gas-balloon) - gas-balloon version on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Gas cylinders were located under the cargo platform. Released in a small batch in 1939.
- GAZ-60 - a serial half-track modification with a rubber-metal caterpillar driven by a sloth from a standard axle. Years of issue: 1938-1943
- GAZ-65 - modification off-road with caterpillar-wheel propeller driven by standard rear wheels. In 1940, an experimental industrial batch was released, which showed the complete unsuitability of this scheme for the conditions of actual operation of vehicles both in the front and later in the rear (fuel consumption exceeded 60 l / 100 km).
- GAZ-03-30 - 17-seater bus general purpose with a body on a wooden frame with metal lining. It was produced at the facilities of GAZ's subcontractor - GZA ( Gorky plant buses, previously - 1st car assembly plant). Years of production on the GAZ-MM chassis: 1938-1942, on the GAZ-MM-V chassis - 1945-1950. The most common model Soviet bus pre-war period and the first post-war years.
- GAZ-55 (M-55) - ambulance, equipped with rear axle shock absorbers. Capacity: 10 people, including four on a stretcher. Years of production: 1938-1950. The most massive ambulance of the Red Army during the Second World War.
In the feature film “Report from the Line of Fire” (1984, dir. Leon Saakov, comp. Veniamin Basner), the song “Front-line Truck” performed by
Article published on 11/18/2014 07:33 am Last edited on 11/18/2014 07:47 am
Freight car Gorky Automobile Plant, with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons (1500 kg), which was a modernized version of the GAZ-AA lorry with a more powerful 50-horsepower GAZ-M engine, reinforced suspension, new steering and cardan shaft. Before 1942 GAZ-MM It had no external differences with the GAZ-AA model. GAZ-MM - the most massive freight car period of Industrialization, and during the Great Patriotic War, these machines became one of the main vehicles of the Red Army, one of the most important weapons and symbols of our Victory.
Years of production of GAZ-MM: at GAZ - 1938-1946, at UAZ - 1947-1949, according to some sources, production continued until 1956.
In 1942-1945, GAZ produced a simplified version of a lorry - GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) with various configuration options.
The main part of the post-war park of one and a half was decommissioned in the early 1960s due to the ban (since 1962) on the operation of cars with mechanical brakes in the USSR.
In total, since 1932, about 985,000 copies of GAZ-AA, GAZ-MM and their derivatives have been produced, including during 1941-45. - 138,600 copies. By the beginning of World War II, the Red Army had 151,100 vehicles of these models.
This is interesting: In the feature film "Report from the Line of Fire" (1984, dir. Leon Saakov, comp. Veniamin Basner), the song "Front-line Truck" performed by Eduard Khil was specially dedicated to the lorry.
For the production of trucks in Nizhny Novgorod(then Gorky) was not an accident, just like his mastering the issue legendary GAZ AA. None of the other industrialized cities had the full sum of the advantages of the Volga industrial center. There already existed a strong industry with a large number of experienced workers. The Volga provided abundant water and energy resources, and made it possible to transport goods in the cheapest way. There was also a powerful freight railway station.
It looks like a GAZ AA truck
Turning to the services of the Ford concern in organizing the plant and developing the first trucks was quite natural. Own Automotive industry did not yet have the experience of such large-scale work, and not a single foreign company could compare with the Detroit Automobile Plant. GAZ-A was copied from the American prototype. For its time, this machine was very powerful and of high quality.
The engine on the truck and on the passenger version was unified, it was controlled by a four-speed manual transmission.
Some difference from the car was only reinforced grip. GAZ-AA had a very low fuel compression ratio. This allowed the use of widespread low-grade fuels (naphtha, low-octane gasoline, lighting kerosene). The release of truly high-quality petroleum products was yet to come. 
The equipped truck had a construction mass of just over 1.8 tons, in normal mode it could take a load of up to 1500 kg (this is where the famous expression “one and a half” came from). Nevertheless, the acute shortage of a truck fleet forced the use of vehicles as intensively as possible, often in GAZ-AA body transported 3 tons of cargo at the same time.
The production of a full cycle of components in the USSR began in 1933, at the same time, GAZ spare parts began to be made exclusively within the country. From next year, the truck was equipped with a metal cab (early versions were made of wood and cardboard). Modernization in 1938 led to the appearance of the GAZ-MM version. From the usual "one and a half" this car is outwardly indistinguishable, but it had a 50-horsepower engine.
It is not difficult to distinguish the engine on modifications AA and MM, you just need to check the shape of the flange. In the first case, it was rectangular, and in the second case it was triangular (accordingly, the number of fixing points also differed).
Gaz MM truck design
However, the modernization work did not stop there. We were constantly looking for opportunities to improve the truck and its motor part. For those who understand engineering, it will not be difficult to distinguish between 1938 and 1941 lorries.
After the USSR entered the war, thin steel was in demand in incredible quantities, there was no longer any left for it. The enterprise was forced to start assembling the GAZ-MMV. The differences of this machine are very significant: instead of doors - side partitions (in some cases, folding doors made of tarpaulin); wings were made of roofing sheet iron. The front wheels were not equipped with brakes. They left only one headlight and made the sides non-reclining.
Only in 1944 was it possible to return to the traditional solution - a wooden-metal case. 
In 1947, the production of the MM modification was mastered by UAZ, which, according to some sources, finished producing this car only in 1956. If the calculations are correct, then the total number of GAZ-AA cars produced, together with all modifications and versions, is approaching a million units.
Just in time of war, the lorry revealed its potential to the fullest. Of course, in comparison with the vehicles of foreign armies, it was not very perfect, inconvenient to drive, and the possibility of transporting goods was limited. But all these shortcomings are justified by one circumstance, namely, that foreign trucks were not suitable for use in harsh climatic conditions.
Chassis drawing Gas MM
In addition, low traffic, complicated repairs and the need to use spare parts in huge assortment made the practical use of foreign trucks very difficult, especially in conditions of relatively low qualifications of drivers and mechanics. GAZ AA was devoid of these shortcomings.
4 stroke Gas engine The machine belonged to the lower valve type and had 4 working cylinders. Drive - rear, front suspension - dependent, - non-synchronized. The motor develops 2200 revolutions per minute. Top speed- 70 km / h, fuel consumption is about 20 liters per 100 km, and the tank capacity is enough for about 200 km without refueling.
Modifications of the GAZ-AA truck
From 1934 to 1943, the GAZ-AAA was produced, the prototype of which was the 1931 Ford Timken. As a result of the modernization of 1937, a 50-horsepower engine appeared on the truck, and some other components were also updated. The wheel formula is 6x4, 2 tons of cargo is normally placed in the back. This car served as the basis for the GAZ-05-193, for several modifications of the BA armored car, among which were both mass-produced and experimental floating ones. In addition, on the basis of GAZ-AAA, they created a chemical armored vehicle and an ambulance armored personnel carrier.
Read also
Cars GAZ-3308
For 12 years, until 1946, the GAZ-410 dump truck was produced, which first used the chassis from GAZ-AA, and then from GAZ-MM. He had the ability to carry up to 1200 kg of cargo. In 1938, due to an acute shortage of mineral fuel, a gas generator version of the car had to be put into production.
Gas generating unit for GAZ MM
According to the technical documentation, she could take on board up to a ton of cargo, but she certainly needed to carry 150-200 kg of wood with her. GAZ-42 was made until 1950. From 1938 until the start of the war, a coal-gas version of the GAZ-43 was produced, and in 1939 a limited batch of the GAZ-44 was produced, running on compressed natural gas.
The original GAZ-AA, by the way, was also converted to more economical fuel than hydrocarbons. This was done on an initiative basis by many enterprises that produced gas generators for serial "one and a half".
Increasing autonomy and savings at the same time were bought at a high price ... Motor power fell, gear ratio had to be increased by 0.9, and fuel system- to radically change. All the necessary design work was done by a team led by S.F. Orlov. 
However, the design idea was not satisfied with all this! There were half-tracked versions and off-road vehicles, buses, ambulances, PMG-1 fire engines.
| GAZ-MM | |
| Total information | |
| Manufacturer: | GAS |
| Production years: | 1938-1949 |
| Assembly: | GAZ (1938-1947), KIM (1938-1939), Rostov Automobile Assembly Plant (1939-1941), UlZiS (1947-1949, 1956?) |
| Class: | 1.5 tons |
| Other designations: | "gazik", "one and a half" |
| Design | |
| Platform: | GAZ-MM |
| Engines | |
| GAZ-MM | |
| Manufacturer: | GAS |
| Brand: | GAZ-MM |
| Type: | Petrol |
| Volume: | 3 285 cm3 |
| Max Power: | 50 hp at 2800 rpm |
| Configuration: | in-line, four-cylinder |
| Cylinders: | 4 |
| Valves: | 8 |
| Stroke: | 107.95 mm |
| Cylinder diameter: | 98.43 mm |
| Compression ratio: | 4,6 |
| Supply system: | carburetor |
| Cooling: | liquid |
| Valve mechanism: | SV |
| Cylinder block material: | cast iron |
| Material (English) Russian : | cast iron |
| Cycle (number of cycles): | 4 |
| The order of operation of the cylinders: | 1-2-4-3 |
| Recommended fuel: | A-66 or A-70 |
| Transmission | |
| 4-st. fur. | |
| Characteristics | |
| Mass-dimensional | |
| Length: | 5250 mm |
| Width: | 2040 mm |
| Height: | 1900 mm |
| Clearance: | 200 mm |
| Wheelbase: | 3340 mm |
| Weight: | 1750 kg |
| Dynamic | |
| Max. speed: | 70 km/h |
| On the market | |
| Predecessor GAZ-AA | Successor GAZ-56 successor (not mass-produced) |
| Related: | GAZ-AA, GAZ-AAA |
| Other | |
| Load capacity: | 1500 kg |
| Fuel consumption: | 19.5 l/100 km |
GAZ-MM (lorry) - a truck of the Gorky Automobile Plant, with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons (1500 kg), which was a modernized version of the GAZ-AA lorry with a more powerful 50-horsepower GAZ-M engine, reinforced suspension, new steering and cardan shaft. Until 1942, GAZ-MM had no external differences with the GAZ-AA model.
Years of production of GAZ-MM: at GAZ - 1938-1946, at UAZ - 1947-1949, according to some sources, production continued until 1956.
In 1942-1945, GAZ produced a simplified version of a lorry - GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) with various configuration options.
The main part of the post-war park of one and a half was decommissioned in the early 1960s due to the ban (since 1962) on the operation of cars with mechanical brakes in the USSR.
GAZ-MM modifications
- GAZ-MM - the basic model of a truck with a 50 hp engine, produced in 1938-1941 at GAZ
- GAZ-MM-V (GAZ-MM-13) - a simplified modification of the wartime GAZ-MM (the MM-V index is unofficial, the MM-13 index was used at the front), there are two types of MM-V cabs: sample 1942-1943. with a canvas roof and canvas flaps instead of doors and a 1944 model with wooden lining and doors, respectively, on a 42-year truck, the wings were made by bending from low-grade (roofing) iron. Silencer, bumpers and front brakes were missing. Headlight and wiper installed only on the driver's side. The platform was equipped only with a rear folding side. GAZ-MM-V was produced until 1947 at GAZ, and in 1947-1950. - on the UAZ. According to some reports, the production of a lorry continued until 1956.
- GAZ-410 - dump truck on the GAZ-MM and GAZ-MM-V chassis, load capacity 1.2 tons, all-metal self-unloading type body. Years of issue: 1938-1950
- GAZ-42 - a gas generator modification that used wooden chocks as fuel. Engine power 35-38 hp, passport load capacity - 1.0 tons (the real one is less, since a significant part of the shortened platform was occupied by a 150-200-kilogram stock of chocks). Years of release: 1938-1949
- GAZ-43 - gas generating version on coal. Differed in smaller dimensions of the gas generator. Produced in small batches in 1938-1941.
- GAZ-44 - LPG version running on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Gas cylinders were located under the cargo platform. Released in a small batch in 1939.
- GAZ-60 - a serial half-track modification with a rubber-metal caterpillar driven by a sloth from a standard axle. Years of issue: 1938-1943
- GAZ-65 is a cross-country modification with a caterpillar-wheel drive driven by standard rear wheels. In 1940, an experimental industrial batch was released, which showed the complete unsuitability of this scheme for the conditions of actual operation of vehicles both in the front and later in the rear (fuel consumption exceeded 60 l / 100 km).
- GAZ-03-30 - 17-seater general purpose bus with a body on a wooden frame with metal lining. It was produced at the facilities of GAZ's subcontractor - GZA (Gorky Bus Plant, formerly the 1st Automobile Assembly Plant). Years of production on the GAZ-MM chassis: 1938-1942, on the GAZ-MM-V chassis - 1945-1950. The most common model of the Soviet bus of the pre-war period and the first post-war years.
- GAZ-55 (M-55) - an ambulance equipped with rear axle shock absorbers. Capacity: 10 people, including four on a stretcher. Years of production: 1938-1945. The most massive ambulance of the Red Army during the Second World War.
In the feature film "Report from the Line of Fire" (1984, dir. Leon Saakov, comp. Veniamin Basner), the song "Front-line Truck" performed by Eduard Khil was specially dedicated to the lorry.
notes
- Magazine "Autoworld" №20 May 8, 2010 page 28
