The issue of diesel consumption is the most basic when purchasing special equipment with internal combustion engines.

Any device must be initially put on balance. Fuel is written off according to the existing regulatory documents. However, for special equipment there are no clear indicators of consumption per 100 km. Manufacturers, on the contrary, set the consumption per unit of engine power.

To determine and accurately calculate the formula, you must clearly know all the necessary components:

• N is the engine power, measured in kW;
• t is the fuel consumption time, i.e. 1 hour;
• G is the specific fuel consumption of the vehicle, g/kWh;
• % - the percentage of the machine's workload during operation;
• p is the fuel density. For a diesel engine, the density is constant and is 850 grams per liter.

Engine power is mainly defined in terms of horsepower. In order to find out the power in kW, you need to look at the technical documents from the manufacturer.

Specific fuel consumption is a measure of information about the consumption of the engine at certain loads. Such data cannot be found in the technical documents, they must be specified when purchasing or from authorized dealers.

The main component in the calculation formula is the percentage of equipment workload. It refers to information about operation of the internal combustion engine at maximum speed. The percentage is indicated by the manufacturer for each type of transport. For example, for some loaders based on MTZ, out of all 100% of the working time, the engine will work at maximum speed for about 30%.

Let's get back to specific spending. It is expressed in relation to the fuel consumed per 1 unit of power. Thus, to calculate everything in theory, for the maximum value, you must use the formula Q=N*q. Where Q is the desired indicator of fuel consumption for 1 hour of operation, q is the specific fuel consumption and N is the power of the unit.

For example, there is data on engine power in kW: N = 75, q = 265. For one hour of operation, such a unit will consume almost 20 kg of solarium. With this calculation, it is worth remembering that the unit will not work directly at maximum speed throughout the entire time. Also, the calculation is carried out in liters, so in order not to translate everything according to the tables and not make mistakes in the following calculations, it is necessary to use an improved calculation formula Q = Nq / (1000 * R * k1).

In this formula, the desired result Q determines the fuel consumption in liters per hour of work. k1 - is a coefficient indicating the operation of the engine at maximum speed crankshaft. R is a constant value corresponding to the fuel density. The rest of the indicators remain the same.

The coefficient of maximum engine operation is 2.3. Calculated using the formula 70% normal operation/ by 30% of work at higher speeds.

It is worth remembering that in practice, theoretical costs are always higher, since the engine runs at maximum speed only part of the time.

Calculation of fuel consumption of a walk-behind tractor

Many owners of summer cottages and not only they often wonder how it is possible to calculate the fuel consumption of a walk-behind tractor during a certain job.

It is possible to calculate the consumption of gasoline at a walk-behind tractor only during its direct operation. To do this, fill the fuel tank of the walk-behind tractor maximum level gasoline. Then you need to plow the land. Upon completion of plowing a certain area, it is necessary to measure the area of ​​the plowed area. After that, calculate how much fuel was spent on plowing this area. Similarly for all other types of work (harvesting potatoes, mulching, mowing, etc.)

This case is calculated using electronic scales. A simple container with fuel is taken and its specific gravity is measured. Then taring is set on the balance. After that, you need to add gasoline to the tank to the previous level and the container with fuel must be reinstalled on the scales. Electronic scales will show the difference between canisters of fuel. This difference will be the final indicator of fuel consumption per area of ​​land from which the work was carried out. Unlike the first case with special equipment, here fuel consumption is carried out in kilograms.

At the same time, it is worth remembering that the speed of the motor-cultivator should approximately be from 0.5 to 1 km per hour of work. Based on this, a general calculation of fuel consumption by the hour is made. According to the established standards, manufacturers of walk-behind tractors have data on the average fuel consumption per hour of work. For low-power walk-behind tractors with a power of 3.5 hp. consumption ranges from 0.9 to 1.5 kg per hour of work.

Motoblocks of medium power consume an average of 0.9 to 1 kg / h. The most powerful devices consume from 1.1 to 1.6 kg per hour.

Fuel consumption rates per hour for diesel engines

The consumption rates of diesel fuel for special equipment are on average with a simple transport mode 5.5 liters for 1 hour of work. When excavating soils in the first or second degree, the consumption is reduced to 4.2 liters per 1 hour of work.

If additional loading or unloading of these soils is made, then for all excavators based on MTZ, the consumption will be equal to 4.6 liters per 1 hour of work.

Petrol loaders - reliable technology for an open warehouse

A wide variety of warehouse equipment makes it possible to flexibly optimize manufacturing process practically any warehouse, taking into account all the characteristics of the cargo and the cost of its unloading and loading. This article is written to help those who would like to better understand the features of gasoline forklifts, in particular regarding their scope, benefits and costs associated with their operation.

The use of forklifts with a gasoline engine is most justified if the work is carried out outdoors, or if we are talking about warehouses big size with high ceilings and good ventilation system. Gasoline forklifts are quite unpretentious and reliably cope with work in a polluted, dusty and even chemically aggressive environment.

Given the climatic factors in the field of operation, thanks to the built-in ability to increase the temperature of the cylinders before starting the engine by warming them up, gasoline-powered forklifts are excellent even for areas with rather cold winters.

The following brands are currently the most popular: Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, TCM, Komatsu, Clark.

The assessment of any loader includes, in addition to carrying capacity and other characteristics, finding out the type of engine installed on special equipment. The fact is that a lot depends on the drive, including the applicability of the equipment in certain conditions, as well as the costs of operation and maintenance.

Gasoline forklift engine

The key difference between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine is the way the fuel is ignited. In the case of gasoline, its mixture with air is ignited by the system electric ignition. In a diesel engine, the fuel ignites spontaneously due to high compression. air mixture. To date, the leaders in the production of high-quality and reliable gasoline engines for loaders are Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi.

For the most part, both the advantages and disadvantages of a particular model of loader are largely related to the type of drive, and gasoline loaders are no exception.

Benefits of gas powered forklifts

Here are some points that are usually decisive when choosing a petrol forklift:

• The cost of forklifts with a gasoline engine is on average lower than diesel or electric equipment.
• Opportunity additional installation gas equipment expands the scope of application of gasoline forklifts to work with products of the food, medical and other industries in the territory of closed warehouses.
• Easier to operate and maintain (compared to diesel forklifts).
• The engine of a gasoline forklift makes less noise during operation than a diesel engine.
• Widespread availability of fuel (unlike gas forklifts).
• Long-term uninterrupted operation (unlike electric forklifts that need periodic recharging).
• Less demanding on fuel quality (compared to diesel).
• High dynamism, ability to work with confidence high revs(especially important for conditions of use where speed is needed more than uniform thrust).

Disadvantages of Gasoline Forklifts

There is no perfect technique, but knowing the “bottlenecks” of loaders can ensure the best performance in certain conditions. Typically, special equipment petrol drive has the following disadvantages:

• Increased fuel cost.
• Fuel consumption is higher than diesel technology.
• Less engine life than a diesel engine.
• The presence of harmful emissions.

The environmental safety of gasoline forklifts is improved by installing various types of neutralizing equipment, catalysts and soot traps, which can largely reduce the concentration of harmful components in the composition. exhaust gases. At the same time, it is worth remembering that such additional equipment lasts the longer, the higher the quality of the gasoline poured into the tank.

Fuel consumption of gasoline forklift

Of course, it is necessary to know how much fuel a gasoline forklift requires, especially when choosing equipment when buying. But, of course, fuel consumption data will be used later, during the entire operational period. Below are two calculation methods.

Simplified calculation of fuel consumption

Often a very small amount of data is enough to orientate in general according to the indicators for different loaders.

Q = Nq,

• N is the standard power of a gasoline engine, l. With. (Horse power);
• q - specific fuel consumption, g/l. With. h (the number of grams of gasoline consumed per horsepower per hour of work).

Both parameters (power and specific consumption) can be found in the loader documentation. If you want to convert kW to " horsepower"You can use the ratio: 1 l. With. = 0.736 kW.

The results of the calculations may well be used for an approximate comparison of the fuel requirements of various models petrol forklifts when choosing. In practice, the consumption of gasoline depends on many points that complicate the calculations.

Calculation of fuel consumption taking into account the operating mode and the mass of the cargo

Loading equipment works with quite a variety of operations. And the use of maximum power is not carried out all the time. Moreover, for most of the working shift, the loader engine operates with low efficiency, at low speeds. It is too difficult to clearly define, as the predominant one, any one typical mode of operation that specifies the use of the drive's capabilities.

Fuel consumption depends for the most part precisely on the required output power. And the task is significantly complicated by the fact that the coefficient useful action the engine is not at all constant - gasoline is not consumed in proportion to the output power.

In addition, fuel consumption is significantly dependent on the quality fuels and lubricants, drive wear and adjustment, as well as weather and other conditions.

Therefore, in practice, for more accurate calculations, it is desirable to use a formula that takes into account more factors, in particular the intensity of the operating mode and the nature of the lifted loads. And the results of calculating the amount of gasoline per hour of operation of the loader will be much more practical to get in liters than in grams.

Precisely enough, the required volumes of gasoline consumption can be calculated using the following formula:

Q = N q M E / (1000 G),

• N is the standard power of a gasoline engine, l. With.;
• q - specific fuel consumption, g/l. With. h;
• M - coefficient taking into account the mass of the cargo (is 0.3 - for light cargo; 0.4 - for medium-weight cargo; 0.5 - for heavy cargo);
• E - coefficient depending on the nature of the operation of the gasoline loader (0.6 - for light work; 0.75 - for medium loads; 0.9 - in heavy duty operation);
• G is the average density of gasoline at 20 ° C (for AI-92 - 0.76 kg / dm 3, for AI-93 - 0.745 kg / dm 3; for AI-95 - 0.75 kg / dm 3).

Naturally, the most accurate data on fuel consumption by a gasoline loader are obtained from periodic control measurements during operation.

The table below shows the fuel consumption data for various models of Nissan-equipped TCM gasoline forklifts, depending on the power of the drive and load capacity:

When choosing used forklifts, buyers often have difficulty determining actual wear and tear. The fact is that after the implementation of the entire complex of repair and restoration work characteristic of pre-sales preparation, it is very difficult to determine the actual degree of deterioration with sufficient certainty, since forklifts no longer look very different from new machines. This is confusing and makes the choice much more difficult. Nevertheless, it is still possible to use some guidelines in the selection of special equipment.

It is known that most components of loaders equipped with internal combustion engines usually wear out fairly evenly. In any case, this is exactly what happens with a properly organized and regular after-sales service. Accordingly, when examining the equipment of a gasoline loader for deterioration of the main systems, one can still be quite confident in one's impressions.

Another nuance that can help with the choice concerns the ratio of engine life and price when it comes to comparing diesel and gasoline forklifts. It would seem that a diesel engine has a higher resource, and with equal wear it is more preferable than a loader with a gasoline engine, however, the resource reserve is not always a decisive factor, especially against the background of the obviously higher cost of diesel equipment.

And based on the uniformity of wear of most components, in addition to the purchase price, it is necessary to take into account the costs of future maintenance and repairs. Which, for diesel forklifts, seriously differ upwards.

For example, to change or repair the injection pump ( fuel pump high pressure) diesel will cost about $ 1000. While replacing a gasoline drive carburetor jet usually costs no more than $50. And even if you have to buy a new carburetor, most likely it will be possible to keep within the amount of up to $500.

Besides, good specialist maintenance of diesel engines - quite a rarity. Plus, not every driver has the necessary experience to correct operation diesel loader. And these reasons may well tip the balance to favor gasoline-powered vehicles.

I would also like to draw attention to the fact that if a loader with a gasoline drive was originally equipped with gas equipment its actual motor resource is most likely higher than that of equipment without such a modification.

For all its unpretentiousness, a gasoline loader is still a high-precision technique, and although its design is considered simpler than that of a diesel engine, only the organization proper maintenance and timely inspections will help to avoid sudden major repairs and increase the service life to the maximum possible values.

Diesel forklifts are the most popular type of warehouse equipment among Russian buyers. This is easily explained. Diesel engines start easily with sub-zero temperatures, differ in power and are suitable for equipment with a carrying capacity of over 4 thousand kg. Market leaders implement in their equipment innovative technologies exhaust gas cleaning. This allows them to be used diesel forklifts including indoors.

Another argument in favor of diesel technology is efficiency. It is significantly cheaper than forklifts gasoline engine and warehouse electrical equipment and has a low cost of ownership. Diesel forklifts owe a lot to the latest low flow fuel. The manufacturer calculates this parameter and indicates it in the documentation attached to the equipment as specific fuel consumption. Of course, these are average data, and they may differ from the actual fuel consumption - after all, the operating conditions of the equipment are different. A special technique helps to calculate an objective indicator of fuel consumption for a certain period (work shift, month, quarter, etc.).

How is the normalized fuel consumption of a forklift calculated?

The formula below is used by the company's accountants to obtain the data necessary to write off fuel when the equipment is listed on the organization's balance sheet.

Q = Nq/ (1000Rk 1), where:

Q - standard fuel consumption (calculated in liters per hour).

N - engine power in l. With.

q - specific fuel consumption (according to the manufacturer);

R - the value of the density of diesel fuel (0.85 kg / dm3),

k 1 - the ratio of the periods of operation of the motor in standard and maximum modes.

The coefficient k 1 is a specific indicator of the workflow. In practice, the forklift motor operates at maximum speed only part of the work shift: during acceleration, driving to top speed, lifting loads on maximum height driving up the slope with a load. Let's assume that 60 percent of the shift time is for a truck operating in standard mode. 40 percent - from maximum load. In this case, the coefficient k 1 is calculated as the ratio of the first indicator to the second: 60/40=1.5. After that, it is already easy to calculate the rate of fuel consumption.

Consider the calculation method on the example of the Chinese BULLFD35 forklift. Its load capacity is 3500 kg. The loader is equipped Japanese engine ISUZUC240 with a capacity of 35.4 liters. With. The specific fuel consumption declared by the manufacturer is 202 g/kWh. 25 percent of the working time the engine runs at maximum speed. The actual fuel consumption indicator is calculated as follows:

Q \u003d 35.4 * 202 / (1000 * 0.85 * 1.5) \u003d 5.6 l / hour.

However, the calculated data may not match the actual data. For loaders without return or after long-term operation in practice, fuel consumption will be higher. The consumption of diesel fuel also increases during the operation of warehouse equipment in emergency mode.

How manufacturers optimize the consumption of diesel fuel by loaders

So, the consumption of diesel fuel is primarily affected by engine power, the specific indicator declared by the manufacturer, and the intensity of operation of the loader during the shift. Therefore, the buyer can roughly calculate this parameter already at the stage of purchasing equipment.

Of course, the choice is determined not only by the efficiency of the model, but also by its performance. The ultimate goal of purchasing a loader is the organization of prompt and accurate loading and unloading operations with minimal financial costs. Loaders with an updated hydraulic system help in solving this problem. So, high-pressure hydraulics increase the speed of movement of the forks with a load. Double pump hydraulic system allows autonomous operation of the lifting mechanism and steering of the loader. Another advanced technology hydraulic pump with periodic oil supply to the system.

The world's largest manufacturers of warehouse equipment update each generation of their products, improving their performance with the help of advanced engineering solutions. IN last years China is actively gaining positions in the world market warehouse equipment. For example, Chinese diesel loaders manufactured by BULL famous company Heli, in terms of fuel consumption and productivity, confidently compete with Japanese, European and American counterparts. At the same time, their cost is much lower, which, of course, adds points to them in the eyes of Russian consumers.