In this part, we briefly note the general Rules for cyclists.
traffic lights
6.5. If the traffic light signal is made in the form of a silhouette of a pedestrian (bicycle), then its effect applies only to pedestrians (cyclists). At the same time, the green signal allows, and the red one prohibits the movement of pedestrians (cyclists).
To regulate the movement of cyclists, a traffic light with round signals of reduced size can also be used, supplemented by a white rectangular plate measuring 200 x 200 mm with the image of a black bicycle.
Maneuvering signals
8.1. Before starting to move, changing lanes, turning (turning) and stopping, the driver is obliged to give signals with light indicators for the direction of the corresponding direction, and if they are missing or defective - by hand. When performing a maneuver, there should not be a danger to traffic, as well as obstacles to other road users.
The signal of a left turn (reversal) corresponds to the left arm extended to the side or the right arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards. The right turn signal corresponds to the right arm extended to the side or the left arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards. The brake signal is given by the left or right hand raised up.
8.2. Signaling by direction indicators or by hand should be carried out in advance of the start of the maneuver and stop immediately after its completion (hand signaling can be completed immediately before the maneuver is performed). At the same time, the signal should not mislead other road users.
Light fixtures
19.1. At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, regardless of road lighting, as well as in tunnels, a moving vehicle must turn on the following lighting devices:
- on all motor vehicles and mopeds - high or low beam headlights, on bicycles - headlights or lanterns, on horse-drawn carts - lanterns (if any);
- on trailers and towed motor vehicles - clearance lights.
What is the maximum speed of the cyclist?
The maximum speed of a cyclist is limited to the same extent as for other vehicles. In the city it is forbidden to exceed the established limit of 60 km/h, in yards and residential areas the speed limit is not more than 20 km/h. It is mandatory for cyclists to follow the speed limit signs on the road.
In addition, a cyclist can reach a speed above 25 km / h only with the help of his own strength, since in accordance with the definition of “Bicycle”, the speed developed by a bicycle electric motor cannot exceed 25 km / h.
Location of cyclists on the road
The requirements for the movement of cyclists are set out in a special chapter of the Rules of the Road - “24. Additional requirements for the movement of cyclists and moped drivers. This part requires special attention.
For cyclists over the age of 14
24.1. The movement of cyclists over the age of 14 must be carried out on a bicycle, cycle path or lane for cyclists.
Important. This paragraph establishes the obligation for cyclists over 14 years of age to move along a specially allocated section of the road, if available. Movement on other elements of the road is prohibited. All subsequent paragraphs establishing a different location of cyclists on the road are sequence of exceptions from the first paragraph.
Driving on the right side of the road
The first exception is that cyclists are allowed on the right side of the road- in the following cases:
- there are no bicycle and bicycle paths, a lane for cyclists or there is no possibility to move along them;
- the overall width of the bicycle, trailer to it or the transported cargo exceeds 1 m;
- the movement of cyclists is carried out in columns;
And so, if there is no special dedicated section of the road for the movement of bicycles, the cyclist must first of all move along the right edge of the carriageway.
Roadside driving
The second exception is roadside traffic:
- in the event that there are no bicycle and bicycle paths, a lane for cyclists, or there is no possibility to move along them or along the right edge of the carriageway;
Driving on a sidewalk or footpath
The third exception is on a sidewalk or footpath:
- there are no bicycle and bicycle paths, a lane for cyclists or there is no possibility to move along them, as well as on the right edge of the carriageway or roadside;
- a cyclist accompanies a cyclist under the age of 7 or transports a child under the age of 7 in an extra seat, in a bicycle stroller or in a trailer designed to be used with a bicycle.
As you can see, driving on a sidewalk or footpath is an extreme case for cyclists. Be careful to follow this sequence when defining a road element for cycling.
For cyclists aged 7 to 14
24.3. The movement of cyclists aged 7 to 14 years should be carried out only on sidewalks, pedestrian, bicycle and bicycle paths, as well as within pedestrian zones.
Cyclists under the age of 14 are prohibited from driving on the roadway and on the side of the road.
For cyclists under the age of 7
24.4. Cyclists under the age of 7 should only ride on sidewalks, pedestrian and cycle paths (on the side for pedestrian traffic), and within pedestrian zones.
Cyclists under the age of 7 must ride on the section of the road designated for pedestrian traffic.
Rules for the movement of cyclists on the roadway
24.5. When cyclists move along the right edge of the carriageway in cases provided for by these Rules, cyclists should only move in one line.
It is allowed to move a column of cyclists in two rows in case if the overall width of the bicycles does not exceed 0.75 m.
The column of cyclists must be divided into groups of 10 cyclists in the case of a single-row movement or into groups of 10 pairs in the case of a two-row movement. For easier overtaking the distance between groups should be 80 - 100 m.
Rules for the movement of cyclists on the sidewalk and pedestrian zones
24.6. If the movement of a cyclist on a sidewalk, footpath, curb or within pedestrian zones endangers or interferes with the movement of other persons, the cyclist must dismount and be guided by the requirements provided for in these Rules for the movement of pedestrians.
On the pavement, pedestrians and other persons have full priority over cyclists. This also applies to crossing roads and crossing exits from adjacent areas when a cyclist is moving on a sidewalk.
Cyclists are not allowed
- ride a bicycle, moped without holding the steering wheel with at least one hand;
- transport cargo that protrudes more than 0.5 m in length or width beyond the dimensions, or cargo that interferes with control;
- to transport passengers, if this is not provided for by the design of the vehicle;
- transport children under 7 years of age in the absence of specially equipped places for them;
- turn left or turn around on roads with tram traffic and on roads with more than one lane for traffic in this direction;
- drive on the road without a fastened motorcycle helmet (for moped drivers).
- cross the road at pedestrian crossings.
We single out the prohibition of turning left on roads with more than one lane in a given direction and the location of the cyclist before the turn.
Before making a maneuver, a cyclist who is a driver must take.
8.5. Before turning right, left or U-turn, the driver is obliged to take the appropriate extreme position in advance on the carriageway intended for movement in this direction ...
Another important point, cyclists are prohibited from crossing the road at pedestrian crossings. In case of violation of this requirement the cyclist has no advantage in traffic.
It is forbidden to tow bicycles and bicycles.
24.9. It is forbidden to tow bicycles and mopeds, as well as towing by bicycles and mopeds, except for towing a trailer intended for use with a bicycle or moped.
Motorway traffic is prohibited.
16.1. On motorways it is prohibited:
- movement of pedestrians, pets, bicycles, mopeds, tractors and self-propelled vehicles, other vehicles, the speed of which, according to the technical characteristics or condition, is less than 40 km/h;
Privileges for cyclists
April 15, 2015 in the Rules of the Road, allowing the movement of bicycles in a dedicated lane for shuttle vehicles.
18.2. On roads with a lane for route vehicles, marked with signs 5.11, 5.13.1, 5.13.2, 5.14, the movement and stopping of other vehicles is prohibited (with the exception of school buses and vehicles used as a passenger taxi, as well as cyclists - if the lane for fixed-route vehicles is located on the right) on this lane.
This right can only be exercised if there are no cycle and cycle paths or lanes for cyclists.
Will they lose their driver's license if they are caught drunk on a bicycle?
Many cyclists mistakenly believe that cycling is not responsible. Despite the fact that the regulatory authorities pay minimal attention to cyclists, the law still provides for liability for driving while intoxicated. At the beginning of the article, we noted that a bicycle is a vehicle, and a cyclist is a driver.
The rules expressly prohibit driving any vehicle while intoxicated.
2.7. The driver is prohibited from:
- drive a vehicle in a state of intoxication (alcoholic, narcotic or otherwise), under the influence of drugs that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety;
Can you lose your driving license if you are caught drunk on a bicycle? Let us turn to the article of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, according to which drunk drivers are punished:
1. Driving a vehicle by a driver who is in a state of intoxication, if such actions do not contain a criminally punishable act, -
shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of thirty thousand rubles with deprivation of the right to drive transport vehicles for a term of one and a half to two years.
At first glance it seems that the article is entirely suitable for cyclists and employees may try to draw on it. However, cycling does not require a special right to drive and obtaining, as well as deprivation of such a right, is in no way connected with driving a bicycle. For cyclists, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for a special article defining responsibility.
Please note that if you drive a scooter or moped while intoxicated, the application of this article is completely legal. The only exception for this article is cyclists.
Fines for cyclists
Article 12.29. Violation of the Rules of the Road by a pedestrian or other person participating in the process of road traffic
2. Violation of the Rules of the Road by a person driving a bicycle, or by a carrier or other person directly involved in the process of road traffic (with the exception of the persons specified in part 1 of this article, as well as the driver of a vehicle), -
eight hundred rubles.3. Violation of the Rules of the road by persons specified in part 2 of this article, committed in a state of intoxication, -
entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of from one thousand to one thousand five hundred rubles.
Violations of the Rules of the Road discussed in this article for a cyclist will cost 800 rubles, and in case of a violation while intoxicated, from 1000 to 1500 rubles.
"Springs of tradition" reminds everyone who uses bike for travel and sightseeing trips, and just loves to ride it, as well as everyone drivers And pedestrians, What April 8, 2014 in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 22, 2014 No. 221, changes to the Rules of the Road come into force.
Legislative innovations are aimed at improving the safety of cyclists and pedestrians. For Moscow, where cycling has recently begun to be actively promoted, these innovations are very relevant.
They concern not only traffic management for cyclists, but directly affect duties of motorists!
We turn the attention of motorists for one important moment. Now, when turning both to the right and to the left, drivers are required to let cyclists cross the carriageway on which it turns (Section 13.1 of the SDA). Previously, such a requirement was valid only if the cyclist was moving on a cycle path. We can say that this paragraph of the rules almost did not work, since there were almost no bike paths. The article in the new edition obliges to skip the cyclist even if he moves along the edge of the carriageway or along the side of the road. This change for cyclists very significant. Anyone who has ridden a bicycle in Moscow knows how dangerous it can be to drive along a section of the highway where there is a “high-speed” exit from the highway. And on all outbound highways there are many such exits, but there are no bike paths. Unlike intersections, where the driver has to almost stop in order to turn, at exits from highways, cars leave the highway, almost without slowing down. Now the rules focus the driver's attention on the need to let the cyclist pass. This, of course, does not relieve cyclist be careful and TAKE CARE OF YOUR SAFETY!
Changes in the Rules of the road
Introduced the definition of a cyclist:
A cyclist is a person who rides a bicycle.
In the definition of "bicycle" there was a mention of the electric drive. Moreover, if the power of the electric motor is more than 0.25 kW, then such a bicycle is equated to a moped:
"Bicycle" means a vehicle, other than a wheelchair, which has at least two wheels and is generally propelled by the muscular energy of the occupants of the vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or handles, and may also have an electric motor of rated maximum power in continuous load mode, not exceeding 0.25 kW, automatically shutting off at a speed of more than 25 km / h. ";
"Moped" - a two- or three-wheeled mechanical vehicle, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, which has an internal combustion engine with a working volume not exceeding 50 cubic meters. cm, or an electric motor with a rated maximum power in continuous load mode of more than 0.25 kW and less than 4 kW.
Separate the concept of "bike path" and "lane for the movement of bicycles":
"Bicycle path" - a road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway and sidewalk, intended for the movement of cyclists and marked with the sign 4.4.1.";
"Lane for cyclists" - a lane of the carriageway intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds, separated from the rest of the carriageway by horizontal markings and marked with a sign 4.4.1 in combination with a sign 8.14 located above the lane.
Now they have legalized the possibility of combining the bicycle and pedestrian paths into one. New signs have been approved for the bike path.
"Pedestrian and bicycle path (bike path)" - a road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway, intended for separate or joint movement of cyclists with pedestrians and indicated by signs 4.5.2 - 4.5.7. ";
New signs must be approved for the bike path. Maybe they will look like this:
In the new traffic rules, the requirements for the movement of cyclists are highlighted in a separate chapter along with the requirements for moped drivers, and most of this chapter is devoted to cyclists:
24. Additional requirements for the movement of cyclists and moped drivers
24.1. The movement of cyclists over the age of 14 must be carried out on a bicycle, cycle path or lane for cyclists.
24.2. Cyclists over the age of 14 are allowed:
on the right edge of the carriageway - in the following cases:
there are no bicycle and bicycle paths, a lane for cyclists or there is no possibility to move along them;
the overall width of the bicycle, trailer to it or the transported cargo exceeds 1 m;
the movement of cyclists is carried out in columns;
on the side of the road - if there are no bicycle and bicycle paths, a lane for cyclists, or it is not possible to move along them or along the right edge of the carriageway;
on the sidewalk or footpath - in the following cases:
there are no bicycle and bicycle paths, a lane for cyclists, or there is no possibility to move along them, as well as along the right edge of the carriageway or roadside;
a cyclist accompanies a cyclist under the age of 7 or transports a child under the age of 7 in an extra seat, in a bicycle stroller or in a trailer designed to be used with a bicycle.
24.3. The movement of cyclists aged 7 to 14 years should be carried out only on sidewalks, pedestrian, bicycle and bicycle paths, as well as within pedestrian zones.
24.4. Cyclists under the age of 7 should only ride on sidewalks, pedestrian and cycle paths (on the side for pedestrian traffic), and within pedestrian zones.
24.5. When cyclists move along the right edge of the carriageway in the cases provided for by these Rules, cyclists must move only in one row.
A column of cyclists is allowed to move in two rows if the overall width of the bicycles does not exceed 0.75 m.
The column of cyclists must be divided into groups of 10 cyclists in the case of a single-lane movement or into groups of 10 pairs in the case of a two-lane movement. To facilitate overtaking, the distance between groups should be 80 - 100 m.
24.6. If the movement of a cyclist on a sidewalk, footpath, curb or within pedestrian zones endangers or interferes with the movement of other persons, the cyclist must dismount and be guided by the requirements provided for in these Rules for the movement of pedestrians.
24.7. Moped drivers must move on the right side of the carriageway in one row or in the lane for cyclists.
Moped drivers are allowed to move along the side of the road, if this does not interfere with pedestrians.
24.8. Cyclists and moped drivers are prohibited from:
ride a bicycle, moped without holding the steering wheel with at least one hand;
transport cargo that protrudes more than 0.5 m in length or width beyond the dimensions, or cargo that interferes with control;
to transport passengers, if this is not provided for by the design of the vehicle;
transport children under 7 years of age in the absence of specially equipped places for them;
turn left or turn around on roads with tram traffic and on roads with more than one lane for traffic in this direction;
drive on the road without a fastened motorcycle helmet (for moped drivers).
24.9. It is forbidden to tow bicycles and mopeds, as well as towing by bicycles and mopeds, except for towing a trailer intended for use with a bicycle or moped.
24.10. When driving at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, cyclists and moped drivers are advised to carry objects with retroreflective elements and ensure that these objects are visible to drivers of other vehicles.
Section 24.2 now clearly states in which cases cyclists are allowed to move along the edge of the carriageway, and in which cases they are allowed to move along the sidewalk and footpath. In this regard, it is curious to recall that twenty years ago it was forbidden to ride a bicycle on the sidewalks - a cyclist was allowed to ride only along the bike path or along the road, no further than 1 m from the edge of the carriageway. Given that there were no bike paths then, only the roadway remained. As a result, when the road was full of vehicles, and there was a free sidewalk nearby, where there was not a single pedestrian, the cyclist had to solve a dilemma - to interfere with the movement of cars, observing the rules, or obey sound logic and, in violation of traffic rules, drive onto the sidewalk. The compilers of those traffic rules that have been in force for all recent years have solved this problem in a peculiar way - in them, in the chapter on cycling, the word “sidewalk” was not mentioned at all. It was understood that there was a general ban on the movement of vehicles on sidewalks.
The developers of the new traffic rules brought the document closer to real life, - cheers?
A bicycle path is an independent element of the road infrastructure for movement on two-wheeled vehicles. Allows clear from car traffic, designed to ensure the safety of all road users, is the legal territory of cyclists. The entry of cars and the exit of pedestrians to cycle paths are generally prohibited.
The attitude towards cyclists in the SDA has changed: now they are full-fledged drivers with rights, duties and a specially allocated area - the same bike path. In practice, everything looks different: not every city in our country can boast of bike paths. So you have to roll out bikes on the road or ride on crowded sidewalks.
However, not everything is so bad: cycling is actively developing in Russia, and this is a plus. Tracks, though in small quantities, but appear. In some cities, it was even possible to clearly regulate cyclists, car drivers and pedestrians on stages and intersections.
The cycle path is presented in three versions: a marked lane on the roadway, a sidewalk bike zone and a separate path.
Cycle lane on the road
A cycle lane is a section of road that is separated from the main traffic. It is bounded on the left side by a solid line, on the right side by a border. Solid markings simultaneously prohibit both bikers and motorists from crossing the line.
Benefits of a bike lane:
- relative safety in comparison with movement in the general stream;
- clear priority of direct travel at intersections;
- fewer parked cars and doors on the way.
Parking for cars in the area with a lane for cycling is prohibited. However, not everyone respects traffic rules, not to mention cyclists. Thus, a parked car and a risky detour of an obstacle in violation of the rules.
Forced to break the rules because of parked cars
Movement features:
- you need to keep as far to the right as possible, yield part of the lane to overtaking cyclists;
- at intersections, passing is allowed only straight and to the right (even if the carriageway is two-lane);
- control the traffic situation: pay attention to signs and traffic lights, estimate the distance to other vehicles.
Bicycle paths on the roadway are not the best option, since there is no guarantee of safety here. A car may also suddenly stop or a pedestrian jump out. The strip on the roadway is more suitable as an intermediate option. But if this suddenly appeared on a major city street, this is already progress!
Bicycle path
Combined bicycle and pedestrian zones are the reality of almost every city in Russia. A cycle path in a pedestrian area is a budget and easy option to make life a little easier for cyclists. Despite such bright aspirations of the authorities, cyclists themselves are skeptical about this and consider it an outright deception.
Bicycle paths run along tourist routes, mainly in city centers:
- embankments;
- streets without car traffic;
- parks;
- wide sidewalks;
- in places where it is impossible to draw a cycle lane on the roadway or build a separate path (for example, narrow bridges).
The paths combined with the pedestrian zone have two significant advantages: complete isolation from vehicles and the opportunity to relax in the saddle for a slow ride. The latter refers to lovers of leisurely walks.
The disadvantages of such a bike path abound:
- exiting pedestrians;
- it is impossible to develop good speed;
- small bandwidth;
- difficulty passing with an oncoming cyclist.
Marked cycle track on a pedestrian street in Sochi
Despite clear markings and even a "Movement of bicycles" sign, most pedestrians often do not take bike lanes seriously and go beyond the markings. A separate issue is impracticality. The bike zone is more designed for leisurely walks than for full-fledged movement without access to the roadway.
Separate bike path
Actually, this is a full-fledged road for cyclists. Laid separately from the noisy road and sidewalks, it should allow movement in opposite directions.
The cycle path can be adjacent to the carriageway and laid separately. The first option - city streets with car traffic, the second - stages between microdistricts and tourist routes. It is clear that in the Russian open spaces separate bicycle roads are still in the project.
Separate and equipped road for bikes
Advantages:
- isolation from pedestrians and cars;
- convenient to move around;
- the opportunity to enjoy cycling without disturbing pedestrians.
Flaws:
- strip width less than 1 m;
- it is difficult to disperse and get ahead;
- low speed compared to road traffic.
If the street is equipped with a fenced-off cycle path, it is forbidden to move along the carriageway along with cars. This is not very convenient, especially if the track ends after 200 - 300 m.
Professionally designed bike path - high-quality coverage, location above the level of the roadway, barriers. It is indicated by the “Movement of bicycles” sign and markings: separation of oncoming flows, the silhouette of a bicycle and arrows with directions.
Safe Design
On straight lines:
- fencing from traffic;
- flow delimitation;
- Sufficient bike width.
Near public transport stops, the bike path should not be too close to the road: passengers will immediately go under the wheels of bicycles. The optimal distance is a few meters from the stop.
Standard intersections: intermittent markings at the intersection of traffic flows and a stop line.
The right lane (or two lanes) at an intersection is for right turns only. The cycle path is equipped with a special traffic light. Departure scheme:
- bicycles are prohibited on the main transport green;
- Bicycles are allowed, all cars and pedestrians are red;
- lateral traffic is allowed, cyclists - red.
Passage to the "red phase" under the permissive signal of a bicycle traffic light
Advantages - the ability to ride a bike in all directions. The disadvantage is a long wait, the accumulation of cars in front of traffic lights.
Do cities need bike lanes? Undoubtedly. A dedicated and well-designed bike zone is an opportunity to ensure the safety of movement on two-wheeled vehicles. The presence of this additional and necessary infrastructure helps to fully comply with the rules of the road and increases the level of culture on the roads.
GOST 33150-2014
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Public automobile roads
PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE PATH DESIGN
General requirements
Automobile roads of general use. Designing of pedestrian and bicycle paths. General requirements
MKS 93.080.30
OKP 52 1000
Introduction date 2016-02-01
with the right of early application
Foreword
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation
About the standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Road Research Institute" of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (FGBU "ROSDORNII"), Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 418 "Road Economy"
2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of December 5, 2014 N 46)
Voted to accept:
Short country name | Abbreviated name of the national standards body |
|
Azerbaijan | Azstandard |
|
Armenia | Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia |
|
Belarus | State Standard of the Republic of Belarus |
|
Kazakhstan | State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
|
Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstandart |
|
Russia | Rosstandart |
|
Tajikistan | Tajikstandart |
|
Uzbekistan | Uzstandard |
4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated August 31, 2015 N 1206-st, the interstate standard GOST 33150-2014 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from February 1, 2016.
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
1 area of use
1 area of use
This standard applies to the design of pedestrian and bicycle paths on public roads.
This standard establishes general requirements for the design of pedestrian and bicycle paths, their placement and basic parameters in order to ensure traffic safety and improve the transport and operational characteristics of public roads.
This standard does not apply to the design of sidewalks, as well as pedestrian and bicycle paths outside public roads.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 32753-2014 Roads for public use. Colored anti-slip coatings. Technical requirements
GOST 32846-2014 Roads for public use. Arrangement elements. Classification
GOST 33127-2014 Public automobile roads. Road barriers. Classification
GOST 33475-2015 Roads for public use. Geometric elements. Technical requirements
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.
3 Terms and definitions
In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:
3.1 bike parking: A place for long-term parking (more than an hour) or storage of bicycles, equipped with special structures.
3.2 bike: A vehicle, other than a wheelchair, which has at least two wheels and is generally propelled by the muscular energy of the occupants of the vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or handles, and may also have an electric motor of rated maximum continuous power , not exceeding 0.25 kW, automatically turning off at a speed of more than 25 km / h.
3.3 cycle path: A cycle path intended for separate or joint movement of cyclists with pedestrians and marked with road signs.
3.4 cyclist: A person who rides a bicycle.
3.5 Bike Lane: A separate road or part of a motor road intended for cyclists and equipped with appropriate technical means of organizing traffic.
3.6 bike parking: A place for short-term parking (up to one hour) of bicycles, equipped with racks or other special structures to ensure the safety of bicycles.
3.7 people with limited mobility: People who have difficulty in moving independently, obtaining services, necessary information or orienting in space (disabled people, people with temporary health problems, the elderly, pregnant women, people with prams, with young children, trolleys, luggage).
3.8 a pedestrian: A person who is outside a vehicle on a road or on a pedestrian or cycle path and does not work on them. Persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sledge, cart, baby or wheelchair, as well as using roller skates, scooters and other similar means for movement are equated to pedestrians.
3.9 footpath: An engineering structure located outside the subgrade, intended for pedestrian traffic outside settlements in the right of way or the roadside of the highway.
3.10 density of pedestrian flows: The number of people per unit area of a pedestrian path.
3.11 lane for cyclists: A cycle path located on the carriageway of a motor road, separating cyclists by technical means of organizing traffic (marking, road barriers, etc.) from the carriageway and marked with a road sign in combination with a sign located above the lane.
4 Fundamentals
4.1 Pedestrian, bicycle and cycle paths should be designed along public roads.
The placement of pedestrian and bicycle paths within the boundaries of the right of way of the highway should be carried out in accordance with the territory planning documentation and agreed with local authorities.
The design of pedestrian and bicycle paths on public roads passing through populated areas is allowed to be carried out taking into account the national norms of the states - parties to the Agreement in the field of urban planning.
4.2 The arrangement of pedestrian and bicycle paths should provide safe conditions for the movement of pedestrians and cyclists.
The arrangement of a motor road with pedestrian and bicycle paths should not worsen the conditions of road traffic safety, the conditions for the use and maintenance of the motor road and the structures and other objects located on it.
4.3 To ensure traffic safety, pedestrian and bicycle paths must be equipped with appropriate road signs, markings, barriers and traffic lights.
5 Design of walkways
5.1 When designing, pedestrian paths should be placed outside the subgrade of roads and located depending on the terrain:
- in flat terrain - outside the shoulders and not closer than 2.7 m from the edge of the carriageway;
- in rough terrain (in the presence of high embankments or deep recesses) - on powder berms.
In cramped conditions and on the approaches to artificial structures, it is allowed to place a footpath on the subgrade of the road at a distance of at least 2.0 m from the edge of the carriageway with its separation from the carriageway by a dividing strip or technical means of organizing traffic.
5.2 Pedestrian paths in the area of road service facilities should be designed with a density of pedestrian flows of at least 0.3 people/m.
5.3 The number of lanes on a footpath should be determined by the intensity of foot traffic.
The intensity of pedestrian traffic should be determined by the number of pedestrians passing through the cross section of the pedestrian path per unit of time.
With a total (in two directions) intensity of pedestrian traffic during peak hours up to 50 people per hour, the footpath must have one lane, up to 1000 people per hour - at least two lanes.
With a pedestrian traffic intensity of more than 1000 people per hour, the number of traffic lanes should be increased by one traffic lane for every thousand people.
5.4 The width of one lane of a footpath with two lanes or more must be at least 0.75 m. The minimum width of a one-lane footpath must be at least 1 m.
The width of the walkways should not include areas for kiosks, benches, lighting poles, etc.
5.5 The size of the traffic lane and areas on footpaths, where wheelchair users and other people with limited mobility can be, should be assigned taking into account the following requirements:
- the lane width for one-way traffic must be at least 1.2 m; for two-way traffic - at least 2 m;
- to turn wheelchairs, a platform measuring 1.8x1.8 m is required;
- to stop disabled people in wheelchairs, a section with a width of 0.9 m and a length of 1.5 m is required, and for adults with a pram - a width of 0.9 m and a length of 1.8 m;
- for oncoming traffic of people in a wheelchair, as well as in the presence of spatial and territorial possibilities, the widening of the footpath in the plan should be carried out with a size of at least: for comfortable conditions for pedestrians - 3.0x1.8 m; for normal conditions of pedestrian traffic - 2.0x1.7 m;
- the height of the passage should be at least 2.1 m to the bottom of the structures and at least 2.3 m to the bottom of the tree branches.
Sections of pedestrian paths that are dangerous for people with limited mobility should be fenced off.
5.6 The distance of pedestrian approaches to the nearest stop of public passenger transport should be taken no more than 500 m.
Pedestrian paths are arranged in the direction of the main passenger flows from landing sites to existing sidewalks or footpaths, and in their absence - at a distance not less than the side visibility distance.
5.7 The parameters of the geometric elements of the transverse profile, longitudinal and transverse slopes should be assigned taking into account the requirements of GOST 33475. Table 1 shows the requirements for the parameters of footpaths.
Table 1 - Requirements for the parameters of footpaths
Options | Values |
Lane width, m | |
The width of the curb of the footpath passing in the embankment, m | |
Longitudinal slope, ‰ | |
Cross slope, ‰ | |
Notes |
|
5.8 To ensure traffic safety at pedestrian crossings at the same level as the road, a visibility triangle should be provided (Table 2).
Table 2 - Requirements for providing a triangle of visibility for conditions "pedestrian-vehicle"
Travel speed, km/h | ||||||||
Visibility triangle parameters, not less than, m |
The maximum required side visibility distance should be determined by the formula
where is the speed of the pedestrian on the crossed road, km/h;
- estimated vehicle speed, km/h;
- estimated visibility distance from the condition of stopping in front of an obstacle, m.
5.9 When pedestrian paths cross watercourses and ravines, a design decision should be made to prevent pedestrians from entering the carriageway of the highway.
5.10 When crossing roads with pipelines (water supply, sewerage, gas pipeline, oil pipeline, heating mains, etc.), as well as with cables of communication and power lines, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents for these communications.
Intersections of various underground communications with highways are recommended to be provided at right angles. The laying of these communications (except for intersections) under road embankments is not allowed.
5.11 Pedestrian paths should be made of stone or mineral materials treated with binders. The coating surface material and its structure are selected with an adhesion coefficient of 0.6 ... 0.75, provided under any weather conditions.
5.12 Storm sewer grates should be located away from their pedestrian part. Within the width of the pedestrian part of the elements of the arrangement of highways intended for the movement and presence of disabled people and other people with limited mobility, it is not allowed to place hatches for any purpose.
6 Designing bike lanes
6.1 Bicycle lanes are located on a separate subgrade, at the bottom of the embankments and outside the cuts, or on specially arranged berms.
At the approaches to artificial structures, it is permissible to place bicycle paths on the side of the road with their separation from the carriageway by fences or dividing lanes.
Single-lane cycle paths are located on the windward side of the road (based on the prevailing winds in the summer), two-lane - if possible, on both sides of the road.
6.2 Bicycle and bicycle paths should, as a rule, be arranged outside the carriageway of roads with the ratio of traffic intensities of cars and cyclists indicated in Table 3. Cycle lanes on the carriageway can be arranged on ordinary roads with a traffic density of less than 2000 vehicles / day (up to 150 vehicles/h).
Table 3
Actual traffic intensity (total in two directions), avt./h | |||||
Estimated intensity of movement of cyclists, bicycle / h |
6.3 Geometrical parameters of cycle paths are presented in Table 4.
Table 4 - Basic geometric parameters of the cycle path
Normalized parameter | Minimum values |
|
in new construction | in cramped conditions |
|
Estimated speed, km/h | ||
The width of the carriageway for traffic, m, not less than: | ||
single-sided single-sided | ||
two-way single-sided | ||
two-lane with oncoming traffic | ||
Width of bicycle and pedestrian paths with traffic separation by road markings, m | ||
Bicycle path width, m | ||
Lane width for cyclists, m | ||
Width of the sides of the bike path, m | ||
The smallest radius of curves in the plan, m: | ||
in the absence of a turn | ||
when arranging a turn | ||
The smallest radius of vertical curves, m: | ||
convex | ||
concave | ||
The largest longitudinal slope, ‰ | ||
in flat terrain | ||
in the mountains | ||
Cross slope of the carriageway, ‰ | ||
Turn slope, ‰, with radius: | ||
Height, m | ||
Minimum distance to side obstacle, m | ||
The width of the pedestrian path is 1.5 m, the bicycle path is 2.5 m. |
||
6.4 Bicycle lanes should be designed both for two-way traffic (with traffic up to 70 bikes per hour) and for one-way traffic (with traffic over 70 bikes per hour).
The smallest distance from the edge of the cycle path should be: to the edge of the carriageway, trees - 0.75 m; to sidewalks - 0.5 m; to parking lots and public transport stops - 1.5 m.
6.5 The length of cycle paths on the approaches to settlements should be determined by the number of inhabitants and taken in accordance with Table 5.
Table 5
Population, thousand people | ||||||
Cycle path length, km |
6.6 The width of the dividing strip between the carriageway of a motor road and a parallel or freely traced bicycle path must be at least 2.0 m. with bordering with a border or installation of a barrier or parapet fence.
6.7 When arranging the intersection of roads and bicycle paths, it is required to ensure a safe visibility distance (Table 6). At design vehicle speeds of more than 80 km/h and at a cycling intensity of at least 50 ve/h, the arrangement of intersections of bicycle paths with motor roads at the same level is possible only with traffic light regulation.
In order to ensure traffic safety on motor roads of category I, the arrangement of intersections of motor roads with bicycle paths in the form of breaks in the dividing strip of road barriers at a traffic density of more than 250 vehicles per hour is not allowed.
Table 6 - Safe visibility distance
Roadway width, m | Visibility distance of an approaching vehicle, m, at different vehicle speeds, km/h |
|||
6.8 Bicycle paths in the area of intersections with the highway must be illuminated at a distance of at least 60 m.
6.9 Intersections of cycle paths with motor roads at the same level must be equipped with appropriate road signs and markings.
If it is necessary to install a bicycle or pedestrian overpass or tunnel at the intersection of bicycle and pedestrian paths with transport interchanges, it is necessary to develop feasibility studies for the feasibility of building an overpass or tunnel for them.
6.10 Bicycle path pavements should be made of asphalt concrete, cement concrete and stone materials treated with binders, and when designing cycle paths to highlight lanes for cyclists, use colored anti-slip coatings in accordance with the requirements of GOST 32753.
6.11 When arranging storm gratings that cover drainage trays, the ribs of the gratings should not be located along the direction of cycling and should have a hole width between the ribs of not more than 15 mm.
6.12 Open bicycle parking should be constructed and equipped with racks or other devices for short-term storage of bicycles near catering establishments, places of short-term recreation, shops and other public centers.
6.13 Bicycle parking should be arranged for long-term storage of bicycles in the area of road service facilities (hotels, motels, etc.).
According to the degree of closeness, bicycle parking, as a rule, is divided into: open, open with a canopy, closed.
To ensure the convenience of using bike racks and avoid interference with pedestrians, the necessary distances between racks and other objects should be observed (Figure 1).
Figure 1 - Minimum required distances to create a bike rack
UDC 625.7/.8:006.354 | MKS 93.080.30 | |
Keywords: public roads, design of pedestrian and bicycle paths, general requirements |
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Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2015
This section is useful for those who:
- got into an accident due to the fault of a construction company that improperly equipped the bike path or incorrectly installed a side stone at the intersection of the sidewalk with the carriageway;
- carries out public acceptance of the arrangement and repair of streets and bike paths;
- wants to prove his right to ride on the carriageway (see clause 148 of the SDA) in the absence of a bike path and the impossibility of moving along the sidewalk or footpath due to the arrangement of these elements in violation of building codes.
TCP 45-3.03-227-2010 "Streets of settlements. Building design standards"
5.4.8 At the intersection of pedestrian paths with the carriageway height difference, as well as reducing the width of the carriageway is not allowed. The slope of the sidewalk when descending to the carriageway should be no more than 100‰. Intersections of pedestrian paths with driveways to houses should be carried out in one level. Crossings of pedestrian paths with driveways and slopes of sidewalks to the carriageway should be distinguished through the use of pavement and footpath coatings that contrast with the carriageway in material, surface texture and color. Side railings (side stones, curbs) should not have a beveled top edge.
5.5 bike lanes
5.5.1 Cycle lanes should be provided for:
- in the territories of residential and industrial areas, in parks and forest parks;
- on the main streets of regulated traffic and streets of local importance of categories E and G, providing access to shopping centers, industrial enterprises, sports and recreation facilities, social and cultural facilities, parking lots and large parking lots, taking into account the requirements of TCP 45-3.01-116 (11.3. 10).
Bicycle paths in the cross profile of the street can be placed on the side dividing lanes as an independent element of the street. Bicycle lanes in the form of lanes can be adjacent to the sidewalk, carriageway of the street, side (local) passage, with markings highlighting them. When laying a bicycle lane and a sidewalk together in conditions of reconstruction and overhaul in cramped conditions, their total width can be reduced to 4.5 m. The capacity of one cycle lane should be taken as 300 units / h.
5.5.2 The width of the cycling lane and bike lanes is taken in accordance with Table 5.10.
Table 5.10
5.5.3 Along the main streets with a country-type transverse profile in park areas, forest parks, bicycle paths are arranged for movement in two directions on a separate subgrade. For two-way traffic, with a cyclist traffic intensity of more than 150 units / h, a central dividing strip with a width of at least 0.5 m should be provided, arranged at the same level as the carriageway of the bicycle paths.
5.5.4 Bicycle lanes are arranged on streets with a longitudinal slope of not more than 30‰. It is allowed to take the longitudinal slope of the cycle path from 40‰ to 60‰ in sections with a length of no more than 300 and 100 m, respectively; in areas of greater length, it is necessary to arrange sections with a slope of not more than 30‰ with a length of at least 20 m. The transverse slope of bicycle paths is taken from 15‰ to 25‰.
5.5.5 Turns of bicycle paths are arranged with a radius of at least 5 m. Turns with a radius of less than 50 m are arranged according to table 5.11. At street intersections, bends on the roundings of bicycle paths are not satisfactory.
Table 5.11
5.5.6 For temporary storage of bicycles, provision should be made for parking lot size 2.0 × 0.6 m per bike, separated racks (brackets) 0.75 high and 1.6 m long.
