Trucks are rightfully considered the most popular type of special equipment, since the profitability and efficiency of any work in the construction industry, as well as industry and trade, largely depends on the timing of the delivery of materials and transportation of the finished product. Functional flexibility, versatility and market liquidity - these are the factors contributing to the increased demand for special equipment for cargo transportation, in the ranks of which you can safely write standard trucks, semi-trailers and trailers, as well as trucks - dump trucks.
A dump truck is, in fact, a truck equipped with a movable body, which has the ability both to be in its normal state and, if necessary, to unload the cargo contained in it. Usually the cargo is bulk materials, such as sand, soil or fertilizer.
Dump trucks have the widest scope, their use allows you to reduce the time spent on transporting cargo, as well as carrying out the necessary loading unloading works.
Dump trucks are used to transport both bulk and loose, as well as any cargo that can be unloaded by tipping the dump truck body.
And although dump trucks have a lower payload compared to machines that have a fixed loading platform, their use is beneficial due to the fact that unloading time is reduced.
The most commonly used dump trucks with an inclined bottom (tilting body). There are also dump trucks with auger (forced unloading). Hydraulic lifts are used in machines of this type.
Varieties of dump trucks, scope Classification of dump trucks.
Dump trucks are commonly used in agriculture, in construction, as well as in the open development of various minerals. Dump trucks according to the place of application are divided into:
Construction dump trucks
Serve for the transportation of bulk cargo (earth, sand, crushed stone, etc.) and liquid solutions(concrete, lime, etc.). They can be used in the construction of industrial facilities, residential buildings, highways, hydro stations, bridges, canals, etc. Chassis basic models trucks trailers and semi-trailers is the basis for the creation of dump trucks that differ in shape cargo body and short base. The shortened base improves the maneuverability of the dump truck. Produced in our country whole line models of construction dump trucks and their modifications. Among them most widespread have GAZ-SAZ-53B, ZIL-MMZ-555, KAMAZ-5511, MAZ-5549, KrAZ-256B-1.
Construction dump trucks are designed for road traffic, therefore they have a 4×2 or 6×4 wheel arrangement. They can be equipped as carbureted engines, and diesel engines and have relatively high maximum speeds movement (70-90 km/h).
Construction dump truck KAMAZ - 65115\
Mining trucks
Off-road (otherwise career) dump trucks are usually used in open-pit mining of various minerals. Optimal even for heavy dump trucks, a scheme with two axes is considered, as well as a drive on rear wheels and, of course, unloading the body back. In the 70s, they tried to establish the production of three-axle dump trucks, for example, WABCO 3200B and Terex Titan, but these schemes for dump trucks did not take root. Currently in production mining trucks specializes in more than twenty enterprises. The main part of the market (>95%) is made up of dump trucks with a load capacity of less than 40 tons.
Mining dump truck BelAZ-549\
Articulated dump trucks
dump truck (English)tipper) - special constructive solution for trucks, which allows you to turn the body to facilitate unloading. Typically, dump trucks are used to transport bulk goods, such as sand or gravel. In addition, the body can be removed and left anywhere for loading operations. Dump trucks by type of unloading can be: rear, two-way or three-way.
photo: MACK GRANITE dump truck, 2011
dump truck (dump trucks, dump trucks, English Dump Truck) is used to deliver bulk materials (such as sand, gravel or soil). conventional dump truck equipped with a hydraulic body, which is fixed on the rear axle, when the body is raised, the contents freely spill onto the ground behind the car. Most often they are used in the areas of construction, road construction, agriculture, utilities (snow removal, etc.).
The dump truck was first constructed in Saint John, New Brunswick when Robert T. Mawhinney placed the body on a flatbed truck in 1920. lifting mechanism worked with a winch attached to a cable, which, in turn, was thrown over a pulley on a rack behind the cab. The cable was connected to the front edge of the body, the pivot point of which was on the rear axle of the truck. The operator turned the lever to raise or lower the machine body. Today, of course, all cars are controlled by hydraulic devices, there are many variants of them that meet one or another requirement of a particular area of application of such cars.
Truck types
Dump trucks are classified:
- 1. By type of unloading (tilt or forced)
- 2. In the direction of unloading (sideways, backwards)
- 3. By body type (bunker, platform, sliding bunker, sliding platform)
Although the load capacity of a dump truck is less than that of a similar truck with a fixed cargo platform, however, dump trucks are beneficial due to the reduction in unloading time. Dump trucks are distinguished by the method of unloading - rear, side, bilateral and universal unloading on all sides. In Russia, dump trucks are produced by KAMAZ, KRAZ, URAL, ZIL, GAZ.
Standard dump truck
on the photo: dump truck CHEVROLET C7500, 2009.
Standard option a dump truck is a wheeled truck with a body attached to a frame. It is lifted with a hydraulic lift, rear end body is fixed on the rear axle truck. The tailgate of the body is hinged.
IN THE USA standard dump truck has one front axle and one or more rear axles, which usually have a double row of wheels on both sides. The rear axle can be mechanically driven or not. Most rear axles without mechanical drive are raised to minimize wear if the car is not loaded or not fully loaded, and in case the car needs additional support, the rear axles are lowered. They are called drawbridges. The drawbridge can be steered or unsteered; a steered axle always has one wheel on both sides.
The usual configuration for a standard dump truck is six wheels and one steered drawbridge; a ten-wheeled vehicle has two steered axles; three-axle with one drawbridge and two steered axles; there is a variant consisting of two drawbridges and two steering axles. The largest standard dump truck, called the centipede, has seven axles. Two rear steered axles, front steered axle, the other four are lifting. Intermediate axles are necessary to distribute the load on the chassis, sometimes provide additional braking. In the European Union, dump trucks with 2, 3 and 4 axles are used.
short wheelbase standard dump truck makes it more maneuverable than a semi-trailer, which has a higher payload capacity.
[tipper trucks, dump trucks]
(Articulated Trucks)
Pictured: Articulated Trucks
The standard version of the dump truck has a hinge between the cab and the body, but it differs from the semi-trailer in that the cab is rigidly fixed. Management is carried out by a hydraulic lift. Such vehicles are well adapted to harsh operating conditions.
Off-road (quarry) dump trucks
Mining (off-road) dump trucks are used in open-pit mining. Due to their size and weight, road use common use is not possible. Large models are delivered to the place of work in parts and assembled there.
Dumper Liebherr T282B - 363 ton payload record holder, photo: René Engel (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported)
Dump truck with trailer
This is a standard dump truck with a trailer carrying various loads (gravel, sand, asphalt, snow, logs, etc)
Such dump trucks usually transport cargo weighing 26-27 tons, from 3 to 5 loads daily.
Semitrailer dump truck
It is a combination of tractor and trailer where the trailer has its own hydraulic lift. Usually this is a three-axle tractor that pulls a two-axle semi-trailer. The advantage of such a vehicle is fast unloading. The disadvantage is the instability of the car when unloading, which limits the use of the car in places with uneven road levels.
So, dump trucks are used for the transportation of bulk, or loose, or other goods suitable for such unloading, which is carried out by means of overturning them from the body.
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Features of models, choice of second-hand, operation in Russia.
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Lifts.
Dump trucks are used for the transportation of bulk, or loose, or other goods suitable for such unloading, which is carried out by means of overturning them from the body.
Dump trucks are classified:
- By type of unloading (tilt or forced)
- In the direction of unloading (sideways, backwards)
- By body type (bunker, platform, sliding bunker, sliding platform)
Although the load capacity of a dump truck is less than that of a similar truck with a fixed loading platform, dump trucks are nevertheless beneficial due to the reduction in unloading time. Dump trucks are distinguished by the method of unloading - rear, side, bilateral and universal unloading on all sides. In Russia, dump trucks are manufactured by KAMAZ, URAL, GAZ, Yarovit.
Road dump trucks
Dump truck "Tata DAEWOO" 6x4, 15m3
Dump trucks designed for public roads are produced by almost all manufacturers trucks both Russian and Chinese manufacturers heavy equipment. These machines are used in construction, renovation, utilities, agriculture, and mining. Usually they have from 2 to 4 axles and a load capacity of 40 tons. However, there is also a more impressive technique, for example, European and Chinese companies Shacman, GINAF and Terberg produce 5-axle dump trucks, while American manufacturers (Freightliner, Kenworth, Western Star ...) bring their number to 7. The design of these “centipedes” allows you to lift (press) up to four axles and move on those that have retained contact with the surface.
Off-road (quarry) dump trucks
stands apart Caterpillar 797B, which does without unnecessary elements (generator and electric motors). This is facilitated by the world's largest engine, of those that are installed on trucks - CAT 3524B (two combined CAT 3512B), 24 cylinders, 117 liters, torque exceeds 16,000 Nm (22% reserve). The machine has a 7-speed hydromechanical transmission. Brakes are hydraulic. However, the company is currently preparing for production a new generation of dump trucks, which will have a diesel-electric drive, developed jointly with Mitsubishi Electric.
The greatest efficiency of such giants is achieved when used in tandem with a hydraulic or cable excavator that loads in 3-5 cycles. Given that there are already excavators equipped with a bucket that can hold more than 76 cubic meters of rock (more than 100 tons), and the ever-increasing demand for raw materials, it is likely that dump trucks capable of carrying more than 400 tons will appear, the development of which, according to some reports, is already underway.
Now more than 20 companies are engaged in the production of mining dump trucks. The main part of the market, more than 95%, are dump trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 40 tons.
The most lifting models of leading manufacturers:
| Manufacturer | Model | Carrying capacity, tons | Gross weight, tons | Engine | Power, hp | Maximum speed, km/h | Year of issue | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caterpillar | 797F | 363 | 623 | Caterpillar | 4000 | 67 | 2009 | |
| Liebherr | T 282C | 363 | 600 | MTU | 3755 / 4023 | 64 | 2010 | |
| Unit Rig (Terex) | MT6300AC | 363 | 598 | MTU | 3750 | 64 | 2008 | |
| Liebherr | T 282 B | 363 | 600 | MTU | 3650 | 64 | 2004 | |
| BelAZ | 75601 | 360 | 610 | MTU | 2800/3807 | 64 | 2010 | |
| Caterpillar | 797B | 345 | 623 | Caterpillar | 3550 | 67 | 1998 | |
| Komatsu | 960E | 327 | 576 | Komatsu | 3500 | 65 | 2008 | |
| Unit Rig (Terex) | MT5500 | 326 | 543 | MTU/Cummins | 2700 | 64 | 2006 | |
| BelAZ | 320 | 560 | Cummins | 2610/3549 | 64 | 2006 | ||
| Terex | 33-19 Titan | 317,5 | 550 | Electro Motive | 3300 | 48 | 1974 | |
| Caterpillar | 795FAC | 313 | 570 | Caterpillar | 3400 | 64 | 2009 | |
| Euclid-Hitachi | EH 5000 | 286-315 | 528 | MTU | 2700 | 67 | ? | |
| Liebherr | TI 274 | 290 | ? | MTU | 3000 | 64 | 2007 | |
| Komatsu | 930E | 290 | 502 | Komatsu | 2700 / 3500 | 64 | 1996 | |
| Euclid-Hitachi | EH 4500 | 282 | 435 | MTU/Cummins | 2700 | 67 | ? | |
| Komatsu | 860E | 254 | ? | Komatsu | 2700 | 64 | 2008 | |
| BelAZ | 75310 | 240 | 401 | Cummins | 1864/2535 | 64 | ||
| Euclid | R260 | 238 | 387 | Detroit Diesel | 2500 | 49 | 1997 | |
| Caterpillar | 793F | 226,8 | 390 | Caterpillar | 2650 | 60 | 2009 | |
| Komatsu | 830E | 222 | 385 | Komatsu | 2500 | 49 | ? | |
| BelAZ | 75307 | 220 | 376 | Cummins | 1715/2330 | 64 | ? | |
| BelAZ | 75306 | 220 | 376 | Cummins | 1715/2330 | 43 | ? | |
| BelAZ | 75302 | 220 | 376 | MTU | 1715/2330 | 43 | ? | |
| Kress | 200C | 220 | 342 | Caterpillar | 1700 | 73 | ? | |
| Unit Rig (Terex) | MT4400AC | 218 | 392 | MTU/Cummins | 2700 | 64 | ? | |
| Liebherr | T 262 | 218 | 390 | MTU | 2500 | 51 | ? | |
| Caterpillar | 793B | 218 | 383 | Caterpillar | 2415 | 54 | ? | |
| WABCO | 3200V | 214 | 383 | GM | 2475 | ? | 1978 |
Articulated dump trucks
Articulated dump truck (dump truck, articulated dump truck, English. articulated hauler, articulated dump truck, dumper ), used in construction and quarry work, where required cross-country ability and maneuverability. Three-axle models of articulated dump trucks have six driven wheels. Moreover, modern models dump trucks are equipped with a cross-axle differential switch.
Caterpillar, uses the “Ejector” system on its dump trucks (models 730 Ejector and 740 Ejector) - A movable wall in the body pushes its contents, which allows unloading on the go, without tipping the body.
Bell, can offer crawler dump trucks.
Hydrema, has a swivel mechanism of the body, this makes it possible to unload, not only back, but also to any of the sides.
Articulated dump trucks are produced by companies - Astra, Bell Equipment (in Asia and Australia they are known under the Hitachi brand, and in America under the DEERE brand ( John Deere)), Case, Caterpillar, Hydrema, JCB, Komatsu, Liebherr, Moxy, Terex, Volvo, BelAZ, MoAZ, BALTIETS ("ZSM-BALTIETS")
The most lifting models:
| Manufacturer | Model | Carrying capacity, tons | Gross weight, tons | Engine - Power hp/Torque Nm. | Maximum speed, km/h | |
| Moxy | MT51 | 46,2 | 77,6 | Cummins - 510hp / - | 54 | |
| Bell | B50D | 45,4 | 79,9 | Mercedes - 523hp / 2147Nm | 48 | |
| Hitachi | AH500-D | 45,4 | 81,5 | Mercedes - 523hp / 2147Nm | 48 | |
| Caterpillar | 740 | 39,5 | 72,6 | Caterpillar - 469hp / 2412Nm | 54 | |
| Volvo | A40E | 39 | 69,2 | Volvo - 476hp / 2525Nm | 57 | |
| Caterpillar | 740 Ejector | 38 | 73,6 | Caterpillar - 469hp / 2412Nm | 54 | |
| Terex | TA40 | 38 | 68,8 | Detroit Diesel - 450hp / 2100Nm | 60 | |
| Moxy | MT41 | 37,2 | 64,3 | Scania - 450hp / - | 53 | |
| Bell | B40D | 37 | 66,8 | Mercedes - 422hp / 1974Nm | 52 | |
| Hitachi | AH40-D | 37 | 66,9 | Mercedes - 422hp / 1974Nm | 52 | |
| John Deere | 400D | 37 | 66,9 | Mercedes - 422hp / 1974Nm | 52 | |
| Astra | ADT40C | 37 | 66 | Iveco - 455hp / 2000Nm | 50 | |
| Komatsu | HM400-2 | 36,5 | 69 | Komatsu - 453hp / 2090Nm | 58 | |
| case | 340B | 36 | 65 | Case - 456hp / 2000Nm | 50 |
Underground trucks
Underground dump trucks are designed to transport and unload blasted or loosened mechanically rocks in cramped conditions underground mines, in the extraction of minerals and the construction of tunnels. The design allows them to be used in open pits, but not as effectively.
Underground dump trucks release Atlas Copco, Caterpillar, DUX Machinery, Paus, Sandvik, BelAZ, MoAZ
The most lifting models:
| Manufacturer | Model | Carrying capacity, tons | Own weight, tons | Engine - Power hp | Wheel formula | Maximum speed, km/h | Link |
| Sandvik | Supra 0012H | 80 | 58 | Detroit Diesel - 425hp | 10x8 | - | |
| Caterpillar | AD60 | 60 | 50 | Caterpillar - 805ls | 4x4 | 41 | |
| Sandvik | TORO 60 | 60 | 48,5 | Cummins - 760hp | 6x4 | - | |
| Atlas Copco | MT6020 | 60 | 43,9 | Cummins - 760hp | 4x4 | - | |
| Caterpillar | AD55B | 55 | 47 | Caterpillar - 805ls | 4x4 | 41 | |
| Sandvik | TORO 50 | 50 | 32,5 | Detroit Diesel - 525hp | 4x4 | - | |
| Atlas Copco | MT5020 | 50 | 42 | Cummins - 650hp | 4x4 | - | |
| Caterpillar | AD45B | 45 | 40 | Caterpillar - 587hp | 4x4 | 52 | |
| DUX | TD45 | 41 | 39,4 | Detroit Diesel - 575hp | 4x4 | - | |
| Sandvik | TORO 40 | 40 | 30,7 | Detroit Diesel - 475hp | 4x4 | - | |
| BelAZ | 75800 | 40 | 35,5 | Cummins - 476hp | 4x4 | 40 | |
| MoAZ | 7508 | 35 | 29 | YaMZ - 360ls | 6x4 | 40 |
Used in the world a large number of types of cars. Among them there is such a type of special vehicle as a dump truck.
Differences of the dump truck from other types and the scope of their use
The dump truck differs from other cars in the presence of a body that can tilt to unload the transported cargo, and in this way quickly and without the need for great additional effort to unload a load that can weigh more than one ton.
Dump trucks find their application in many branches of industry and agriculture. Thus, in agriculture, dump trucks are used to transport harvested crops to elevators and bases; in the construction industry, bulk cargo, stones, gravel are delivered to construction sites; in the mining industry, dump trucks transport multi-ton volumes of ore from quarries; hauling garbage and snow.
Do we order or buy a dump truck?
To resolve the issue of buying or renting a dump truck, it is necessary to determine the cargo and its volumes for transportation. If the volume of cargo is small or the need for cargo transportation does not arise often, then it is most advantageous rent a dump truck, for example, in our road construction company VOVDI. When ordering a dump truck, you will need to provide the weight, type and dimensions of the cargo. It is also necessary to decide on the method of loading the dump truck. If necessary, you can order a dump truck and an additional loader.
The address of loading and information about the place of unloading are also required. This will allow you to choose required view dump truck - with rear or side unloading.
The customer should take care of convenient access to the places of loading and unloading of cargo. The free area should allow you to make the necessary maneuvers. You can consult about the size of the site with a representative of the organization that will rent the dump truck. Contacts of Vovdi specialists are listed on our website.
Responsible persons of the customer or the customer himself must be present at the loading and unloading sites. Also, there should not be persons on these sites who will not be employed in the process of loading and unloading operations. The sites should be free from electrical wires, unnecessary structures that will interfere with the work and the passage of vehicles.
Depending on the cargo, its parameters, you can rent one or another type of dump truck that would be more suitable in terms of its characteristics and rental price to complete the task. So, if the work will be carried out within the same site, then it is better to stop at a small-sized, but maneuverable model. And for the transportation of waste, especially construction waste, it will be most profitable to choose more spacious and heavy-duty models of dump trucks. Dump trucks with a larger payload (forty tons) are usually ordered by large construction companies, mines or quarries.
You can rent a dump truck of the required brand twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week at the VOVDI road construction company. By contacting the contacts on our website, the customer will be able to get the necessary qualified assistance in the choice of a dump truck, the route of its movement, the necessary conditions for the successful completion of loading and unloading operations. After choosing a dump truck and clarifying all necessary information, placing an order. The dump truck will be delivered exactly at the specified time to the required point in Moscow or the Moscow region. Transportation of cargo, its unloading will be carried out as soon as possible in compliance with all customer requirements and the rules in force during loading and unloading operations and transportation of goods.
