Technical oils themselves are liquid petroleum products with various kinds of synthetic substances, as a rule, necessary for various industrial and technical needs. In industry, technical oils are used primarily for the correct operation of a particular equipment. Technical oils are divided into lubricating oils and oil cutting fluids. As a rule, lubricating oils include such types of oils as turbine types of oils used to lubricate various turbine bearings, universal oils intended for special sliding guides that have an increased viscosity, marine oils intended for carrying out the process associated with the formation of an emulsion, compression-type oils, usually used for deep cleaning of one or another equipment, as well as oils, as a rule, for all kinds of machine and aircraft engines.
Separately, I would like to talk about gear oils, which significantly extend the service life of general industrial gearboxes, and in some cases allow you to save unique equipment based on discontinued gearboxes, such as RTsD-250, RTsD-350 and RTsD-400.
Usually, where the use of various types of lubricating oils is impractical, one or another grease is used, which in turn is the so-called semi-solid product of the dispersion process and an additional additive in a special liquid lubricant. Thanks to the use of the grease itself, the procedure for delivering this grease to various hard-to-reach places, into which lubricating oils cannot penetrate for any reason, is carried out. This type of lubricant is used in worm gears RCHN-180, RCHP 180 or RCHU-100.
Speaking about special cutting fluids, it should be noted that they, as a rule, combine the properties inherent in standard coolants and certain lubricants. The lubricating fluids themselves, when exposed, provide not only effective heat transfer, but also the protection of various surfaces from corrosion. Due to their special properties, a rather deep cleaning of this or that equipment is carried out in a relatively short period of time. As a rule, cutting fluids include: various kinds of pure mineral oils, which in turn have organic compounds of such chemical elements as phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur, various solutions of the concentrate, which contain surfactants, combined in combination with low molecular polymers and special aqueous emulsions, which usually include mineral oils and emulsifiers with additives.
Determine the brand of oil for the worm-spur gearbox (Fig. 7.1) according to the given values of the main parameters of the gear and worm gears.
Rice. 7.1. Scheme of a worm-spur gearbox:
1,2,3 - driving, intermediate and driven shafts; 4 - worm; 5 - worm wheel; 6.7 - gear and wheel of a cylindrical stage; n 1 n 2 n 3 - the speed of the drive, intermediate and driven shafts of the gearbox
Task options
| Worm-gear | Gear |
|||||||
| d1, mm | n 1 , rpm | γ,° | σ H , MPa | d3, mm | n 2 , rpm | N nv, MPa | N N V MPa | |
| 1 | 32 | 2900 | 7,125 | 190 | 80 | 360 | 230 | 236 |
| 2 | 54 | 2815 | 23,962 | 360 | 90 | 400 | 240 | 246 |
| 3 | 30 | 2860 | 21,801 | 250 | 140 | 410 | 250 | 257 |
| 4 | 36 | 2840 | 18,435 | 290 | 100 | 400 | 260 | 271 |
| 5 | 40 | 2910 | 8,130 | 280 | 60 | 360 | 270 | 285 |
| 6 | 32 | 2850 | 3,576 | 300 | 80 | 390 | 283 | 301 |
| 7 | 64 | 2880 | 14,036 | 290 | 100 | 360 | 230 | 236 |
| 8 | 84 | 2940 | 4,764 | 320 | 85 | 420 | 240 | 246 |
| 9 | 60 | 2810 | 11,310 | 300 | 95 | 400 | 235 | 241 |
| 10 | 42 | 2920 | 6,462 | 265 | 80 | 415 | 240 | 246 |
| 11 | 50 | 2940 | 15,945 | 280 | 100 | 365 | 250 | 257 |
| 12 | 40 | 2880 | 14,036 | 260 | 95 | 410 | 240 | 246 |
| 13 | 35 | 2945 | 26,565 | 250 | 75 | 365 | 235 | 241 |
| 14 | 55 | 2945 | 7,125 | 260 | 75 | 420 | 230 | 236 |
| 15 | 40 | 2840 | 5,711 | 300 | 110 | 405 | 230 | 236 |
Oil viscosity selection
The values of friction coefficients for various materials decrease with increasing viscosity of the lubricant. However, at the same time, hydromechanical losses due to its mixing increase. Therefore, the question of the correct choice of oil viscosity is reduced to determining its certain optimal value based on the experience of manufacturing and operating machine components, as well as recommendations from the theory of lubrication.
The viscosity of oil for lubricating gears with steel teeth is approximately determined from Figure 7.2 (shaded area) depending on the factor:
(7.1)
where is the Vickers hardness of the active surfaces of the teeth;
– contact stresses, MPa;
– circumferential speed in engagement, m/s.
Rice. 7.2. Viscosity of unalloyed petroleum oils
for steel gears
At an ambient temperature below plus 10°C and for high precision gears, the lowest viscosity value (in the shaded area) should be taken. It is recommended to set the upper limit for gears made of steel of the same grade or if at least one of them is made of nickel or chromium-nickel steel. In multi-stage gearboxes with a common oil bath, the oil viscosity is assumed to be intermediate between that required for low-speed and high-speed stages.
Approximate viscosity values for oils for worm gears are determined from Figure 7.3. (shaded area) depending on the value of . :
, (7.2)
where contact stresses for wheel rims made of tin bronze, MPa
Sliding speed in engagement, m/s;
υ s \u003d 5.24 10 -5 d 1 n 1 / cosγ, (7.3)
where d 1 is the diameter of the pitch circle of the worm, mm;
n 1 - the speed of the worm, rpm.
Rice. 7.3. Viscosity of unalloyed petroleum oils for worm gears
In gearboxes, gearboxes, machine tools and other devices containing gears, rolling bearings are lubricated with the same lubricant as the gears. If the lubricant is selected based on the operating conditions of the bearings, then it is recommended to assign a viscosity of (10-30)10 -6 m 2 / s at operating temperature. More viscous oils are used to lubricate heavily loaded low speed bearings, spherical, tapered and thrust bearings (due to increased sliding friction of the rolling elements against the raceways and cage).
By physical state, lubricants are divided into liquid, plastic and solid. Liquid petroleum oils are most widely used. These include general-purpose industrial oils and special ones, the scope of which is reflected in their names: turbine (lubrication of bearings and auxiliary mechanisms of turbine units), aviation, transmission, automotive, etc. Information on the viscosity and pour point of the most common oils is given in table 7.2.
Table 7.2
Petroleum lubricating oils
| Oil grade | Pour point, °C | Oil grade | Kinematic viscosity υ 10 -6, m 2 /s, at 50°C | Pour point, °C | ||
| Industrial(GOST 20799-88) | Turbine(GOST 32-74) |
|||||
| I-8A | 6–8 | –20 | T 22 | 20–23 | –15 | |
| I-12A | 10–14 | –30 | T 30 | 28–32 | –10 | |
| I-20A | 17–23 | –15 | T 46 | 44–48 | –10 | |
| I-25A | 24–27 | –15 | T 57 | 55–59 | – | |
| I-30A | 28–33 | –15 | Aviation(GOST 21743-76) |
|||
| I-40A | 35–45 | –15 | MS-14 | 92 | –30 | |
| I-50A | 47–55 | –20 | MS–20 | 161 | –18 | |
| I-70A | 65–75 | –10 | MK-22 | 192,5 | –14 | |
| I-100A | 90–118 | –10 | MS–20S | – | –18 | |
Note. For general purpose gears, industrial oils are selected
EXAMPLE calculation:
Determine the brand of oil for the worm-spur gearbox. The frequency of rotation of the drive shaft of the gearbox n 1 = 2860 rpm, the diameter of the pitch circle of the worm d 1 =50 mm, the angle of elevation of the worm threads γ = 21.801 °, the working contact stresses σ H = 210 MPa. The frequency of rotation of the gear shaft of the gear n 2 =286 rpm, the diameter of the pitch circle of the gear d 3 =80 mm, the hardness of the gear material H HB = 240 MPa.
To increase the reliability of worm gears, to prevent the possibility of seizing the unit, reducing its efficiency and destroying gears, it is necessary to use a specialized high viscosity gear oil and ROXOL-RED is the best alternative. It forms a strong oil film, has unique temperature-viscosity properties and helps to minimize energy losses, which, combined with an objectively low cost, makes it the most promising lubricant for various industries and the national economy.
general description
ROXOL-RED is a high viscosity index mineral base oil alloyed with an original complex of antioxidant, extreme pressure and anti-corrosion additives. Can be used to service:
- heavy-duty low-speed gearboxes;
- cylindrical and globoid worm gears;
- transmission units for cars, trucks and special vehicles.
ROXOL-RED gear oil is non-toxic. It is completely transparent, inert and, according to HACCP certification, can be used in food complex equipment. Physical and chemical properties also allow it to be used in conditions of elevated temperatures, vibrations and critical loads.
Demonstrates excellent penetrating and lubricating power. It regulates wear and prevents the detachment of the bronze of the worm wheel tooth on the screw, and the oils also perform the function of removing heat from the friction surface.
Key features and specifications
ROXOL-RED is intended for lubrication and cooling of parts and assemblies of mechanical transmissions. Accordingly, unlike typical antifriction materials, it operates in the mode of significant starting resistances, high pressures and elevated temperatures. Such application conditions strictly regulated the need for improved tribological characteristics and performance properties.
The original formula of the lubricant provided him with:
- high flash point;
- excellent anti-friction properties;
- inertness to the formation of sludge and decomposition products;
- improved indicators of thermal-oxidative stability;
- performance in a wide range of low and high temperatures;
- resistance to foaming and transformation into an emulsified state;
- precision extreme pressure, anti-corrosion and anti-wear qualities.
ROXOL-RED provides excellent wear control, eliminates delamination of bronze and brass alloys, minimizes uneven fragmentation and prevents pitting. It significantly reduces energy losses due to friction, effectively removes heat from the contact zone, significantly reduces vibration oscillations and shock loads. It also significantly minimizes the acoustic characteristics of the operation of worm units, despite the fact that they already belong to low-noise mechanisms.
Due to its high viscosity, the oil is perfectly retained in the assembly and forms an ultra-thin film on metal surfaces, which is very resistant to rupture, shear and displacement from the engagement zone by significant forces and has all the tribological characteristics that additives give it. Thanks to this, ROXOL-RED eliminates direct contact of unprotected materials and perfectly prevents scuffing of gear wheels, the occurrence of jamming and jamming, the increase in viscosity with decreasing temperature occurs smoothly and does not cause an increase in load.
The mineral base in combination with additives gave the oil film a low pour point, excellent anti-pitting properties, excellent protective properties in contact with moisture, salt fog, oxygen and water vapor. Inertness to the formation of sludge deposits and a high viscosity index cause mutual cleaning of mating surfaces and efficient removal of heat energy. Precise base oil refinement and low levels of degradation products contribute to minimal foaming.
In turn, the introduction of a corrosion inhibitor significantly inhibits the development of oxidation processes and greatly reduces the appearance of aggressive components. The dense film formed by ROXOL-RED effectively protects steel and non-ferrous alloys from corrosion with simultaneous passivation of metals. This is especially true for the modern design of cars and trucks, where innovative materials are increasingly used.
Applications
As gear oil ROXOL-RED is in demand in the food industry, sea and river navigation, agriculture, the construction segment, the mining and metallurgical industry and the automotive industry. It is quite difficult to list all the mechanisms and assemblies where it can be used. Let's just list the most common uses:
- worm gear motors for the movement of roller tables, carts, moulds, hoisting mechanisms and units;
- worm gears for presses, conveyors, extruders, shredders, fans, screens;
- mechanical and automated drives of shutters, valves, gates, doors;
- transfer of centrifuges and deck equipment.
The lubricant has demonstrated excellent technical and operational properties in the conditions of fish cutting seiners and mother ships, in technological conveyors of production shops and in coal mines and ore mining plants. In automotive and electric vehicles of various carrying capacities and for various purposes, it can be used for steering, gearboxes and transmission units, main gears of drive shafts, automatic and manual transmissions.
At the same time, non-toxicity and transparency allow the use of ROXOL-RED:
- in rotary drives of sound-reflecting screens;
- in the lifts of the reading rooms of large libraries;
- in control mechanisms for curtains, curtains and theatrical scenery.
Also, given the design features of worm gears, this product is suitable for its universal physical and rheological properties for the maintenance of bearings and couplings, which are also important structural parts of worm gears. The key disadvantage of these mechanisms is the low efficiency and excessive heating of the contact surfaces of the gear elements. The use of ROXOL-RED gear oil makes it possible to eliminate the above disadvantages by reducing the loss of specific power and efficient heat removal, which makes it possible to use it not only in intermittent mechanisms, but also in units with repeated short-term and long-term operating cycles.
Application features
For any gearbox or transmission, oil is an integral element that directly affects the functioning and durability of bearings, worm gear parts and the entire unit as a whole. Accordingly, the oil change interval is determined by the lubrication charts and the system used (dipping, spraying, oil mist and pouring). Therefore, when pouring ROXOL-RED into a worm gear, one should strictly adhere to the operating and maintenance instructions for a specific mechanism developed by the manufacturer.
When working with oil, the use of personal protective equipment is in accordance with industry standards. Used rags with traces of lubricant are disposed of in accordance with internal instructions and fire safety regulations.
perspective
In modern engineering infrastructure, the dimensions of transmission units are minimized to the maximum while maintaining high transmission power, which leads to a significant increase in the load on the worm gear and tightens the requirements for lubricants. These trends have already been taken into account when formulating ROXOL-RED oil. Therefore it is:
- demonstrates excellent performance in units with cylindrical, helical, globoid, bevel gears and worm wheels;
- compatible with most polymer, rubber, fluoropolymer seals and seals;
- prevents structural wear and pitting corrosion in the initial stages.
The mineral base, high performance and affordable price allow ROXOL-RED gear oil to take a leading position in its segment and become an excellent alternative to expensive imported analogues. It allows you to increase the intervals between lubrication cycles, the service life of equipment, is stable in storage and puts forward standard requirements for warehouse and transport logistics.
In addition to ROXOL-RED oil with a viscosity of 1100 cst, we manufacture ROXOL-RED 460, ROXOL-RED 320 oils based on semi-synthetic oils on order.
Reducer- This is a mechanism designed to transmit and convert the torque of the shaft. Gearboxes differ in rotation speeds, gear ratio, body type, mechanical transmission type. The main parts of the gearbox are gears of various sizes with different gear ratios, which provide a change in speed.
The need to design gearboxes of different designs arises due to different requirements for the operation of mechanisms and their scope. Gearboxes used in industry sometimes have to withstand loads and high temperatures up to 200°C, for example in hot stamping shops or rolling mills.
Lubrication of the gearbox should be carried out after a certain period of time, as well as after the repair of individual parts of the mechanism. During the operation of the gearbox, it often becomes necessary to replace gears or restore the housing, as well as clean the surface from corrosion.
NPP Mapsol LLC offers two advanced products specially designed for servicing gearboxes with all types of gears, with an open or semi-closed case, operating both in normal and extreme operating conditions - Mapsol-R grease and transmission oil. Mapsol-Trans-oil oil.
Advantages of Mapsol products:
- Reduced friction and wear
- Extending the time between machine maintenance
- Jamming Prevention
- High bearing capacity
- Good viscosity and extreme pressure properties
- Wide temperature range
Lubricant for worm gear
The lubricant for the worm gear is selected based on the technical compliance of the operating conditions of the mechanism and the properties of the lubricant. The main difference between a worm gearbox is the use of a worm gear when transmitting torque. A worm is a special trapezoidal screw that can be cylindrical or globoid. The worm wheel is often made of two different materials (for the teeth and for the core), which allows the use of worm gears in mechanisms where high torque is required at low angular speeds.
Worm gears operate in conditions of high friction, so the correct selection of lubricants plays a decisive role in the operation of the mechanism.
Mapsol-R gear lubricant is a thickened petroleum oil with a specially selected additive complex that provides high antifriction and extreme pressure properties, allowing the lubricant to be used in especially loaded friction units of open gears and other parts of industrial gearboxes.
Planetary gear lubrication
The operation of the planetary gearbox is based on the planetary gear mechanism, when rotational motion is transmitted by gears on movable rotation axes (satellites) connected to the central wheel. The mobile link on which the satellites are located is called the carrier. It rigidly fixes the axis of the moving gears. Planetary gearboxes are more compact and lighter in weight, but they are very efficient, therefore they are widely used in machine tool building, transport engineering, instrument making, where mechanisms sometimes experience great thermal and physical loads.
The main purpose of lubricants is to reduce friction between mating surfaces and increase the life of the part. The lubrication of the planetary gear, along with this, helps prevent scuffing and jamming of the mechanism, creates a water-repellent film and prevents abrasive particles from entering the friction surface.
