Enzo was born on February 18, 1898 in Modena, Italy. In the biography of Enzo Ferrari, cars have always occupied a place of honor. Since 1919, he began to take part in motor racing (at first Parma-Berceto). Then he became a test pilot Alfa Romeo". After many years of fruitful work, Enzo was appointed director sports division. However, the position did not become the limit for the active, thirsty for speed and victories Ferrari.
In 1929, in the biography of Ferrari, major event- he founded his own society "Scuderia Ferrari". Even before Ferrari started designing cars, he dreamed of his team's racing achievements. And they did not keep themselves waiting. One of the best was the racer Tazio Nuvolari. For the first time in the biography of Enzo Ferrari, his team took part in Formula 1 in 1950. The very next year, the team won a victory in the competition (the victory was brought by Hoss Froilan Gonzalez).
Carried away by racing, Ferrari developed only cars for such competitions. Then, being already widely known, he began to produce cars for ordinary needs. But Ferrari cars have always been different from the rest. Enzo equipped them powerful engines in addition, a sporty design was developed, both outside and inside the cabin.
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Against the background of people, Enzo was distinguished by inhuman perseverance and the desire to win. They say he never gave up. But in 1982, he still broke out: " goodbye championship". This happened after Didier Pironi nearly killed himself in qualifying at Hockenheim, four months after the death of Gilles Villeneuve.
By that time, Ferrari had not been able to win the championship for three years. Enzo himself will die in six years - his Formula 1 pilots will also not be able to win over the years, although in 1983 Rene Arnoux and Patrick Tamba brought the Scuderia the Constructors' Cup. The “Commandatore” in public equally gave credit to both the driver and the car in any victory, but deep down he believed that the main thing in success is always the car.
He began working in motorsport as part of Alfa Romeo. For some time he was a tester, regularly participated in races of various calibers, but soon noticed that as a manager he was able to bring the team more benefit. He eventually became the sporting director of Alfa Romeo. As part of his work at Alfa, Enzo founded the Ferrari Stable - Scuderia.
Under his leadership, the Stable was represented by such famous pilots as Louis Chiron, Achille Varzi or Tazio Nuvolari. It was the latter who won the famous victory at the 1935 German Grand Prix, held at the old Nürburgring in front of Adolf Hitler, in the fight against nine German racers in the new Mercedes and Auto Union. In that rain battle, after 22 laps of the course, Nuvolari was three minutes ahead of Rudolf Caracciola, who was considered a master of aerobatics on a wet track.
Tazio Nuvolari died at the age of 60 in August 1953. Enzo was building own cars. His Ferrari 375 won three Formula One Grand Prix in 1951, and the famous 500 won all the championship rounds in 1952 and 1953 except for the Indianapolis 500 and the '53 Italian Grand Prix and brought Alberto Ascari two championship titles in a row. Askari died two years later in a Ferrari 750s break-in accident.
A year later, Enzo lost his son Dino. Alfredo suffered from muscular dystrophy from birth. Coming with his father to Maranello, the boy dreamed of building engines, he admired units and boxes that were incomprehensible to him, but he could not touch his father's heritage. Dino died at the age of 23 in 1956. The next day, Peter Collins won the French Grand Prix wearing a mourning armband and presented this armband to Enzo - "in memory of Dino." “Commendatore” kept it all his life. Collins died in 1958 - an accident at the Nurburgring.
He was demanding of his riders and employees - to everyone without exception. Everyone had to be absolutely loyal to the boss. To end. In everything. Anyone who even allowed the possibility of disagreeing with Enzo quit. And that was okay. Ferrari gradually became a legend, one of the symbols of Italy. An example of an indomitable spirit.
Working for Enzo was considered a privilege in itself. Enzo did not like being called "Commendatore", he himself insisted on "Engineer", which, however, did not much fit with the fact that he did not design cars. Moreover, the opinion sometimes went against the grain common sense. "Aerodynamics was invented by those who do not know how to build engines", - he said. At one time he was also dissatisfied with the transfer of the engine to the center, and then to back chassis. " The horse should pull the cart, not push it.', said Enzo.
But he was the engine of the Ferrari, its heart, which was sometimes listened to contrary to the generally accepted point of view. At the same time, Enzo was a domineering and treacherous person. It cost him nothing to mislead people, quarrel them with each other, infuriate and push foreheads. He believed that in this mode people work better. Employees emphasize that no one even counted on praise or an award. But the energy of the "Commendatore" still "dispersed" the team.
"Racing is a passion that requires the sacrifice of everything to satisfy it. No hypocrisy, no doubt", - Enzo said. He did not go to the races, he preferred to watch them on TV, and after the finish he waited for the phone calls of his subordinates. And on the tracks, his pilots did the impossible with cars. To earn respect, Enzo had to be able to pilot a car like you draw on asphalt brush.
He admitted that he considered Tazio Nuvolari the best pilot in history, but also did not hide his sympathy for Peter Collins and Gilles Villeneuve - unlike Nuvolari, both died while driving Enzo's cars. In the paddock, "black coffins" were called "Lotus", but the fact is that more racers died behind the wheel of a Ferrari than in any other Formula 1 car.
"I don't remember a single instance of someone dying in the cockpit of a Ferrari due to mechanical failure ", - Stirling Moss said about this. Enzo himself after serious accidents the first thing he asked was what was wrong with the car - he was afraid that something was wrong with the car and the driver was killed by the car. But the pilots crashed as a result of the struggle - having gone beyond, fighting for Enzo Ferrari, they sought to go even further.
Every visitor who tried to meet Enzo Ferrari in his office had to sit in the waiting room for hours: " He is busy, you need to wait". Then, when the visitor could still enter, he found himself in a dark room. The lamp in the corner illuminated the portrait of Dino, in the center there was a large table on which a glass stallion was hoisted - a gift from Paul Newman. At the table, the visitor saw the Commendatore in the same dark glasses in a massive frame.
By the end of the 80s, Ferrari cars had won everything they could. Most Grand Prix wins, most Le Mans wins, most Targa Florio wins. But in the last five years of Enzo Ferrari's life in Formula 1, the team did not win. The authority of the "Commendatore" began to work against him - employees were sometimes afraid to provide him with accurate information, distorted it and embellished it. Enzo simply could not make adequate decisions, because he did not own the situation. But he still remained at the head of the team.
Ferrari died on August 14, 1988 - the last nine months of his life, the Scuderia did not win the Grand Prix, that was the era of the invincible McLarens. Less than a month after Commendatore's death, Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto won the winning double at Monza.
Enzo Anselmo Ferrari was born under rather mysterious circumstances, since no one knows exactly when he was born. Officially, the date of birth of Enzo Ferrari is February 20, 1898, although according to Enzo himself, he was born in Modena two days earlier, that is, on the 18th, the reason for this discrepancy is allegedly heavy snowfall, which did not allow parents to come to the city hall in time to register a newborn baby.
Ferrari's father in those days owned a workshop that repaired steam locomotives, which, by the way, also served as housing for the Ferrari family, since Enzo, with his parents and brother Alfredino, lived right above the repair shop. In the autobiographical book written by Ferrari - "My terrible joys" he writes that all his youth passed under the sound of hammers, under which he and his family woke up and fell asleep. It was there that Enzo met metal and learned to work with it, but despite this, young Enzo did not dream of a career as a locomotive master. He wanted a beautiful life, full of bright colors, which is probably why he saw himself as an operatic tenor, or some popular sports-oriented journalist. Regarding the first dream, Ferrari had to immediately say goodbye to it due to the complete lack of hearing and voice: Enzo's singing was loud, but very false. As for the second dream and self-realization, here the youngster was more fortunate, the most outstanding event in his journalistic career is the publication of a report on one football match, which was published in Italy's main sports publication. Perhaps this event pushed Enzo to the emergence and realization of his third dream - to become a car racer.
For the first time, a little boy Ferrari saw racing cars at the age of 10 in Bologna, after which he was simply obsessed with them. High-speed fireballs and the recognition of the audience and the exciting smell of gasoline mixed with the taste of victory intoxicated Enzo and he really falls in love with motorsport, and his idols were: Felice Nazaro and Vincenzo Lancia. However, it was not easy for a boy from a simple Italian family, not distinguished by wealth, to realize such a dream.
You understood correctly. Vincenzo Lancia was not only a racing driver, but also an engineer and founder of Lancia. Once Lancia Rally 037 was the last rear wheel drive car who won the World Rally Championship. Another rally can recall Lancia Delta S4.
Ferrari's father, although he shared his son's passion, still wanted a different fate for his child, he believed that Enzo was born to become an engineer. Enzo did not like to study, and why would a future racer need an academic education, by the way, very soon the young man will be relieved of boring science at school due to the death of his father from pneumonia and the death of his brother. At that time, the First World War was already in full swing, therefore, having reached draft age, Enzo Ferrari was drafted into the army, where he was destined to become a mountain shooter, which in the future was the first step towards his future glory and great career. The dream of a Ferrari soldier has been partially realized, since in the army he is instructed to monitor and care for transport: shoeing mules and maintaining regimental carts in proper condition. After demobilization, the young Ferrari already clearly knew what he would do in the future and that the main thing in his life was cars.
Having no education, with only one letter of recommendation signed by the unit commander, in the winter of 1918, Enzo Ferrari went to Turin to get a job at the FIAT plant. However, upon arrival at the place, the dream young man was broken after visiting the office of engineer Diego Soria, who was in charge of personnel issues at that time. The answer was, though polite, but very offensive to Ferrari. Diego said something like this: “FIAT is not a place for demobilization, we cannot hire just anyone ...”
Like abandoned dog Enzo went out into the street where Cold winter, and sitting on a bench in Valentino Park, he felt lonely and useless. There was no one in this world who could support him and help with advice, brother and father, unfortunately, left this world. However, young ex-soldier he had the strength to get together and find something for himself, he got a job as a test driver in Turin, after which he got a similar position already in Milan, in an unknown company CMN (Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali). Enzo Ferrari showed himself on a positive side, which allowed him to get rid of the prefix "test" in the title of his position, that is, he took the place of a full-fledged racer, which he dreamed of so much. Enzo Ferrari's sports debut took place in 1919 on the Parma-Berceto track, after which he managed to take his first, though not prize-winning, but still “honorable” 9th place at the Targa Florio. Ferrari himself recalls this as follows: “After my car on the tail approached Campofelice with two more, the road was blocked by three carabinieri. When asked what was the matter, they replied that we needed to wait until Mr. President finished his speech. Around the corner, a mass of people was already visible, which listened to the speech of Vittorio Emmanuel Orlando, we tried in vain to protest, but the speech still did not end. At the end, we still received permission to continue the race and took a place in the tail presidential cortege, trailing him for miles. At the finish line, to our surprise, no one was waiting for us, all the spectators and timekeepers left for Palermo by the last train. The carabinieri, armed with an alarm clock, recorded the time, rounding it to the nearest minute!
In 1920, Ferrari leaves CMN for Alfa Romeo. The dream of becoming a real racer came true, but it was replaced by another, now Enzo dreamed of his team, consisting exclusively of Italian racers. Like all Enzo's dreams, this dream also came true and already in 1929 a new team appeared in Modena - "Scuderia Ferrari", which in Italian sounds like "Ferrari Stable". The stable is a tribute to the army "steeds" that the successful race car driver Enzo Ferrari once took care of.
The new team is still working under the tutelage of Alfa Romeo, and its founder himself is the "playing coach". The reason for the termination of Enzo Ferrari's racing career is, as he himself said, family circumstances, the racer got married and two years later became the father of his son Alfredo.
Ferrari participated in competitions until 1932 and 47 times went to the start, while winning 13 victories, based on statistics, Enzo can hardly be called a legendary racer with an outstanding track record. By by and large the racer's passion was not so much racing as the cars themselves, which Ferrari dreams of building himself. It was impossible to become a designer with an incomplete secondary education, but the lack of knowledge was compensated by oratorical skills and the ability to gather outstanding engineers around him. The first person to join Enzo Ferrari was FIAT designer Vittorio Yano, who created the world-famous racing model Alfa Romeo P2, which has repeatedly won prizes on European tracks.
The history of the famous Ferrari emblem is not fully known, like much of Enzo's life. The creator of the Stables himself said the following about this: “The prancing stallion for the emblem of the Ferrari company was borrowed from Francesco Baracca (the heroically deceased Italian pilot) on the fuselage of the fighter, which he was depicted. After several years of existence of the Scuderia, I had the opportunity to introduce the father of the deceased pilot - Enrico Baracco. Some time later, I also met the mother of Francesco Baracca, and once talking with her, she asked me if I had a car, and also why there was no memorable sign on it. It was then that I was asked to decorate my car with an emblem with a prancing stallion. He will bring you good luck! she said, and I agreed.
Francesco Baracca is called an ace pilot. Barakka became the most successful Italian pilot in World War I.
The emblem was slightly changed: Enzo Ferrari placed a prancing horse on a triangular-shaped golden shield (the color of the coat of arms of Modena), on which the letters SF were in the lower part, and the Italian flag in the upper part. The first car with a horse appeared in 1932, after the war it became rectangular, and underneath it was a stylized inscription - "Ferrari". For many decades company logo Ferrari became well known to the whole world and outwardly practically did not change.
In 1939, after purchasing land near Maranello, Enzo begins building his own Auto-avia Construzione plant, which will specialize not only in the production of cars, but also aircraft engines. In 1940, Ferrari registers his company, but at that time there was already a war and sports cars were of the least interest to mankind. In 1944, a misfortune occurred, the plant was bombed and almost completely destroyed. It took two years to restore the enterprise and already in 1946 production was completely restored.
As stated earlier, a big plus and Enzo's "ace in the hole" was that he knew how to interest and attract interesting people to him. At the end of the war, Giokino Colombo from Alfa Romeo, who at that time was considered one of the most talented engineers, transferred to Ferrari's "detachment".
The first car that came off the assembly line left the factory in 1947. It was the first Ferrari in the world, its name was Ferrari-125. In the same year, Enzo, despite insufficient testing and the imperfection of his creation, enters two cars for the race in Piacenza. Drivers were supposed to pilot the new cars: Farino and Franco Cortese, their candidates were selected by Ferrari himself. However, the plan was not destined to come true and Farino had an accident on the test runs, and Franco did not go far from the start, this could not but enrage Enzo. After a failure, the boss decides to change drivers and on May 16, 1948, Russian emigrant Igor Trubetskoy gets behind the wheel of a sports car and also crashes the car at the Monaco Grand Prix, after which he also leaves the team.
Dictator Benito Mussolini, whose grandchildren live to this day, is indirectly related to the first Ferrari car. The Tipo 125, introduced in 1947, was assembled at a factory in Maranello, financed by Mussolini for further production military equipment. For special merits, Benito Mussolini even awarded Ferrari with the Order and the title of Commendatore (commander, in our opinion). Since then, subordinates have called their boss just that.
Ferrari was a rather cruel leader and farewell to each of the pilots who brought him fame was accompanied by loud scandal. Niki Lauda, Phil Hill and Jody Scheckter all used to work for Ferrari and walked away one day with big fights. All because Enzo could not forgive people for their mistakes, and could not stand the concept of "human factor", and also loved his cars like his own children. He said: "My friends are cars, they are the only ones I can trust." Jacky X, a well-known racing driver who also had to drive under the Ferrari brand, spoke about the commandant (that's what everyone called their boss): “The most important thing for Enzo is the victory of one of his cars, but who is driving and how he feels He was practically not interested.
The main goal of Ferrari was - in order not to create the most fast car worldwide. This slogan is confirmed by the death of two riders, in 1958 Musso died in Reims, and after him at the Nürburgring - Collins. However, Ferrari did not even think of stopping and was ready to go over the heads.
Enzo Ferrari was intractable and stubborn, and hired the same as himself. He was looking for people who would be patriots of their company, and today whole dynasties work at the enterprise, passing on experience from generation to generation.
In 1956, Italian President Giovanni Gronchi asked Enzo: “Is it true that you spend days and nights in your stables?” to which Ferrari replied: "When you work without rest, you don't think about death."
However, this did not mean at all that death does not think about you, I would like to answer, but time cannot be turned back and after a while, the beloved son, Alfredo, passes away, the cause was chronic nephritis. After losing his son Dino, Ferrari became unsociable, rarely appeared at events, and watched races only on TV.
The Ferrari 375 won three Formula One Grand Prix in 1951, and the famous 500 won all the championship rounds in 1952 and 1953 except for the Indianapolis 500 and the Italian '53 Grand Prix and brought Alberto Ascari two championships. titles in a row. Askari died two years later in a Ferrari 750s break-in accident.
Alfredo Ferrari suffered from muscular dystrophy from birth. Coming with his father to Maranello, the boy dreamed of building engines, he admired units and boxes that were incomprehensible to him, but he could not touch his father's heritage. Dino died at the age of 23 in 1956. The next day, Peter Collins won the French Grand Prix wearing a mourning armband and presented this armband to Enzo Ferrari - "in memory of Dino." “Commendatore” kept it all his life. Collins died in 1958 - an accident at the Nurburgring.
Ferrari admitted that he considered Tazio Nuvolari the best pilot in history, but also did not hide his sympathy for Peter Collins and Gilles Villeneuve - unlike Nuvolari, both died while driving Enzo's cars. In the paddock, Lotus were called "black coffins", but the fact is that more racers died behind the wheel of a Ferrari than in any other Formula 1 car.
“I don’t remember a single case where someone died in the cockpit of a Ferrari due to a mechanical failure,” Stirling Moss said about this. Enzo himself, after serious accidents, first of all asked what was wrong with the car - he was afraid that something was wrong with the car and the car killed the driver. But the pilots crashed as a result of the struggle - having gone beyond, fighting for Enzo Ferrari, they sought to go even further.
By the end of the 80s, Ferrari cars had won everything they could. Most Grand Prix wins, most Le Mans wins, most Targa Florio wins. But in the last five years of Enzo Ferrari's life in Formula 1, the team did not win. The authority of the "Commendatore" began to work against him - employees were sometimes afraid to provide him with accurate information, distorted it and embellished it. Enzo simply could not make adequate decisions, because he did not own the situation. But he still remained at the head of the team.
One day Ferruccio Lamborghini came to the Ferrari company and wanted to talk about the shortcomings of Enzo's cars, but the secretary did not let him in, saying that the commandant had no time to talk with everyone he met.
The same Ferruccio Lamborghini, who created the Lamborghini company, cars that any of us knows.
After that, Lamborghini decided to get off the nose of the Ferrari and design a better and better fast supercar, however, approached this in the style of Enzo, he lured the most outstanding qualified specialists from the Ferrari company, but he did not manage to lure his luck.
The history of Ferrari is full of mysteries and myths, ups and downs, but the fact that the name of this company has become the emblem of Italy and, above all, the city of Maranello is an undeniable fact. "Ferrari" - part great history Italy is like: high fashion, spaghetti, and carnival.
Despite the super-fast cars that the team created under the leadership of Enzo Ferrari, he could not escape death, and in the 90th year of his life, on August 14, 1988, she robbed mankind of the great commandant - Enzo Ferrari. On the day of Enzo's death, the plant did not stop, but continued to work - it was Enzo's will. A few weeks after Ferrari's death, Gerhard Berger won the Monza Italian Grand Prix in a Ferrari.
In honor of the memory of the great creator of the Ferrari company in 2002, his factory produced a model called Ferrari Enzo.
Some facts:
- Ever wondered why every iconic car brand has its own distinctive color? It's all about the nationality of the racing teams. At the beginning of the 20th century, Great Britain was assigned green color, for France - blue, for Germany - silver, and for Italy - red. racing cars The Alfa Romeos that the Ferrari team later drove were red. That's how the color got attached.
- It is Ferrari that is considered one of the first automakers to abandon mass serial production. individual models its products. Such a simple marketing policy allows Ferrari to maintain interest, demand and prices for its highest quality cars.
- Enzo Ferrari served in the army, but became seriously ill and ended up in the hospital. His condition was so deplorable that even the medical staff stopped paying any attention to him in the hospital. Despite everything, he got out and henceforth tried to pay more attention to health.
- All his life he had a single wife, whom he was very protective of. Enzo has repeatedly stated that the institution of marriage is sacred, but this did not stop him from having a mistress and children on the side. Only Ferrari's wife was unaware of their existence. To legitimize children born out of wedlock, Enzo could only after the death of his wife.
- Son Pierre, born out of wedlock, became the legitimate heir to the Ferrari empire, but could not adequately manage the company - too meek and indecisive character prevented him from making strong-willed decisions. Now Piero Lardi Ferrari is vice president of the company and owns a fortune of 2.6 billion dollars.
- Enzo Ferrari during his lifetime sold 40 percent of his company to the FIAT concern, subject to the transfer of another 50 percent after the death of Enzo. Only 10 percent of the entire Ferrari empire was left to posterity. Owned by Piero Ferrari.
- Almost always, over the past few decades, Enzo has been wearing dark glasses. Even in his gloomy office, he sat in them.
- Throughout his life, Ferrari wrote only with a fountain pen and purple ink, never rode an elevator and was terribly afraid of airplanes.
His famous quotes:
“When a man tells a woman that he loves her, he really just wants her. The only true love in this world is the love of a father for his son.”
"I married 12 cylinders and never parted with them."
"The customer is not always right."
"Aerodynamics is for those who don't know how to make motors."
“I am not a designer. Other people do it. And I get on their nerves."
“I don’t know of a car that would be damaged by auto racing.”
“Tears of joy appeared in my eyes, which, however, was mixed with a bitter sense of loss: at times there was such a feeling as if I had killed my own mother.”
Enzo Ferrari was not a designer. Some even say that high school he barely finished. Whatever it was, in the end it did not matter, because he became a genius automotive world. Ferrari devoted his whole life to cars. Moreover, Ferrari had a truly special gift: he knew how to select for his work only the best in the field of automobile construction and, in general, in the field of everything related to cars. True, he looked at them exclusively through the prism of what they can give the car.
Biography.
It is worth saying that much in the biography of Ferrari is almost a legend and a myth. Moreover, the man himself, on purpose or by accident, fueled this myth. The first of the ambiguities in his life story is the date of Enzo's birth. According to the documents, he was born in Italy on February 20, 1898. At the same time, the man himself said that the real date of his birth is February 18. And they wrote down the wrong date due to the fact that, supposedly, it was snowing heavily at that time and the parents could not get to the mayor's office on his birthday to register the newborn. Let's say it was possible. But these are only trifles, compared with the whole life of the legend.
Ferrari's father owned small business in the suburbs of Modna - a workshop for the repair of steam locomotives. As a child, the work of the young Enzo's father was not interested. He dreamed of becoming a star - an opera singer or, in extreme cases, a journalist. When he was 10 years old, the child's dreams changed dramatically. Then, in 1908, his father took Enzo to Bologna for the first time to race. For some people, the races do not cause any emotions, but there are such spectators who, having looked at it once, forever become attached to the automobile element in their hearts. Enzo was in the second category. Since that time, he dreamed of cars. But before he himself began to design them, or at least got behind the wheel, many years passed. During this time, his father and older brother died. Then Enzo served in the army as a shooter, after which he was seriously ill.
In 1918, Ferrari, without education, and, most likely, without a specialty, came to the FIAT company to look for work. They did not take him, explaining that they were not able to take all the veterans of the war. Much later, Ferrari said that that day he sat on a cold winter bench in the Turin park and wept with resentment. It wasn't until the following year that he finally managed to find a job as a driver in a small travel company. Pretty soon, fortune smiled at him and young Enzo was taken as a test driver for the now forgotten firm "Constructione Mekanice Nationali". Ferrari has finally entered the world of motor racing! Soon, from this company, he performs at the Tarta Florio auto race.
The following year, 1920, Ferrari was invited to the Alfa Romeo racing team. Already it was already a great success - after all, the name of the company thundered on the race tracks. From Alfa, Ferrari again performs at Targa Florio and takes second place. In total, Enzo took part in races until 1932, and out of 47 races he won 13. But probably while driving racing car Enzo knew he didn't want that. He wanted not to drive cars, but to build them. And build the fastest, best cars.
In 1929, the first Scuderia Ferrari racing team appears. She upgraded racing "alphas", and already competed in them at races. The management of Alfa Romeo did not even imagine what a strong competitor was growing under her wing.
Gradually, things got better for Ferrari. Vitorio Yano, a talented designer, comes to his team. He became the first worker whom Ferrari "lured" from his competitors. Which, by the way, were his former offenders - FIAT company. Working for Ferrari, Yano creates the famous racing Alfa Romeo P2. Her fame captured the whole of Europe. At this time, Ferrari is stubbornly moving towards its goal - it begins to manufacture its own cars.
The first serious step towards his dream was the car of 1940 “Tipo-815”, It was a sports car with a streamlined body. It was equipped with an in-line eight-cylinder engine with a volume of 1.5 liters. The motor was created on the basis of two engines at once - FIAT-1100. In the same year, Ferrari registers his company. Alas, at this time, Europe was already swallowed up by war, and Enzo postponed his plans for an indefinite period.
Almost immediately after the war, one of the outstanding engineers of that time, Giokino Colombo, transferred from Alfa Romeo to Ferrari. Now it is impossible to imagine how Ferrari, uncommunicative, rather sullen, with a quiet and unattractive voice, attracted such outstanding people to him.
15 kilometers from Modena, in Maranello, the production of the first Ferrari cars. The first to roll off the production line was the 125th model. It got its name from the working volume of one cylinder. Colombo developed the V12 engine for this car. The motor had a volume of 1497 cm ^ 3, and the power of the car was 72 hp. with .. Five-speed gearbox. Creating such a complex unit, neither Colombo nor Ferrari made allowances for the difficult post-war period.
The next model was 166 (1948-50). Its volume was increased to 1995 cm^3 volume. At the same time, the power of the car was different. Depending on destination specific car it ranged from 95 to 140 hp. Bodies for Ferrari were created by the well-known at that time studio Scagliette, Ghia, Vignale. A little later, the digging settled on cooperation with Pininfarina, whose bodies were considered the standard of elegance and grace.
And again, Ferrari finds himself on a bench already familiar to him in Turin in Valentina Park. This time it was 1947 outside and his car won the Turin Grand Prix. Almost thirty years have passed since FIAT refused him. But now Ferrari has achieved its goal. Alas, he experienced both resentment and triumph alone.
In 1949, one of the Ferrari cars won the 24-hour race at Le Mans. After the streak began sports victories produced in the Formula 1 car class. Ferrari cars were driven by such famous racers as Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Niki Laudo, Jodi Schechter and many others.
In 1951, D. Colombo was replaced by Aurelio Lampredi. Especially for the Grand Prix, a Ferrari-625 model was built with a “four”, with a power of about 234 hp and a working volume of 2.4 liters. serial machines released in very limited quantities, and each car was created with great care.
All Ferrari cars were very expensive, but there were always buyers for them.
Between 1951 and 1953, the company produces the 212 model. This model has an increased displacement of the V12 engine - 2563 cm ^ 3, while the power was 130-170 hp.
In the New World, the America and Super America models received special adoration. V12 engines with a volume of 4102-4962 cm ^ 3, as well as with a power of 200-400 hp. conquered Americans who love speed. These cars appeared in the garages of the most famous and wealthy, among whom was even the Shah of Iran.
Only 39 copies were made car Ferrari-250. Moreover, each of the cars in this series was slightly different from the other. In the 1980s, Hans Albert Zehnder created 1:5 scale models of each of the models.
Gradually, Ferrari is ousting the former main Italian racing company Alfa Romeo from auto racing. The national red color, the one that was the color of motorsport in Italy, was given to Ferrari.
Ferrari has always been unsociable. But when, at the age of 24, in 1956, Dino, one of the sons of Ferrari, dies after a serious illness, Enzo finally turns into a recluse. Now he always wears black glasses and rarely appears in public.
From now on, he does not attend races, but only watches them on TV. Giving infrequent interviews, he said about himself: "My only friends that I trust to the end are cars." J. Ickx, a well-known racer who has repeatedly participated in races for a Ferrari car, said: “It is important for Enzo that one of his cars wins. Who sits behind the wheel - he doesn't care.
Ferrari himself sometimes admitted: he had never been to the theater, cinema, did not take vacations. He hired similar people in his company. He believed that perseverance, rigidity, intractability and courage are character traits southerners. And it is these people who work better than others, because they are true patriots of their country and company. To date, entire dynasties of “Ferraristas” are still working at Ferrari factories.
In the 60s, small firms in the country that spent huge money on sports, including Ferrari, were not at all easy. Racing at Le Mans in 1966-1967 wins the Ford GT40. Because of this, Ferrari is forced to sell 50% of the shares of his company to FIAT. He succeeded, in doing so, to retain his exclusive right to lead the racing sector of the company's production.
The company has been manufacturing the 365 since 1966. This model was slightly modified and introduced in 1968 as the 365 GTB/4. The main changes concerned the appearance of the car - a spectacular Pininfarina body was added to the model, which is also on this moment looks attractive.
Later, they began to produce a “modest” 375 car, the engine of which, having a working volume of 3286 cm ^ 3, developed 260-300 hp. Close cooperation with FIAT was clearly seen in the Dino model, whose name the model received in honor of the deceased son Enzo. For some time, Dino was actually a separate brand.
In the 70s, the 312 model was created. It had a new boxer engine, the working volume of which was 3 liters. with twelve cylinders, and he developed 400 hp.
For almost 15 years, Ferrari was accompanied by a sporting lull. But, as they say, it was the calm before the storm. In 1975 and 1977, another triumph of the company sounded. Then N. Lauda became the world champion in formula 1 precisely on 312 T-2, whose power is about 500 hp. With.
Soon they began to produce a serial mid-engined car 365BB ("Berlinetta Boxer") with a capacity of 340-360 hp. With. Despite all the victories, the crisis of the early 70s still put pressure on the company. After winning in the mid-70s, a losing streak began again. Ferraris were roughly squeezed out by the most powerful concerns Renault and Honda.
The 80s were especially difficult for the company. Production fell, the team was plagued by failure. Enzo barely fought off heavy attacks from FIAT. PI nevertheless, even during this period, new models did not stop appearing. In 1981, the BB512i was created with 220 hp.
The company was losing money, workers, victories, but not the love of fans!
In 1987, designer John Barnard was hired by the company. This engineer had a reputation for being a genius. Ferrari had a lot of hopes on his account, and planned that it was thanks to him that Ferrari would be able to win the glory of Formula 1 cars. At the end of 1987, the company released the serial F-40 coupe. Her motor developed 450 hp.
Enzo Ferrari died on August 14, 1988. He warned in advance that on the day of his death, production should not stop. And just a few weeks after the great founder of the company passed away, Gerhard Berger won the Italian Grand Prix at Ferrari in Monza, after which he became the idol of the Italian public.
Piero Lardy, Son of Enzo Ferrari, after the death of his father, could not resist the people from FIAT, and Ferrari became in fact their property. But, the giant retained maximum independence for the company. At the moment, about seventeen cars are built daily in Maranello. Finally, the decline in production has stopped, in addition, there is already a lot to do in formula 1.
Enzo Ferrari was an outstanding personality and left his mark on history. We were contemporaries of this man, and he brought to our time the spirit of that era when cars were a miracle of technology.
Ferrari Enzo was first introduced in 2002 on Paris Motor Show, and in the same year it is launched into mass production. Is a 2-seater sports car from by Ferrari. We can say that, at its core, Ferrari Enzo is a complete racing car Formula 1, designed for urban conditions.
When creating the body of the EnzoFerrari, carbon fiber served as the main material, thanks to which the car turned out not only light, but also durable. Even at first glance, one could notice that it was pierced by wide bells of air intakes. And it was far from just a concept of its appearance.
You also need to pay attention to how the doors open. They are not like conventional cars, but open up at an angle of 45 degrees.
Interior given car it cannot be said that it is luxurious, but it is sporty and not devoid of comfort. That is base model it was additionally equipped with power accessories, climate control, and a high-quality audio system.
However, not every driver can comfortably sit in the driver's seat in the Ferrari Enzo. The fact is that, depending on the physique of the customer, driver's seat manufactured separately.
The small steering wheel has a flat top, with LEDs, thanks to which you can control the operation of the 6-speed sequential automatic box gears.
In 2005, a Ferrari Enzo with series production removed. From 2002 to 2005, the number of issued copies of this model was 400 units.
Specifications Ferrari Enzo
| Ferrari Enzo | 6.0V12 |
| Start of production | 2002 |
| body type | coupe |
| Number of doors | 2 |
| Number of seats | 2 |
| Length | 4702 mm |
| Width | 2035 mm |
| Height | 1147 mm |
| Wheelbase | 2650 |
| Front track | 1660 |
| Rear track | 1650 |
| Trunk volume minimum | 0 l |
| Trunk volume maximum | 350 l |
| Curb weight of the vehicle | 1365 kg |
| Engine location | middle, lengthwise |
| Engine capacity | 5998 cm3 |
| Type of cylinder arrangement | V-shaped |
| Number of cylinders | 12 |
| piston stroke | 75.2 mm |
| Cylinder diameter | 92 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 5 |
| Supply system | Distributed injection |
| Turbocharging | ── |
| Power | 660/7800 hp/rpm |
| Fuel type | AI-98 |
| Drive unit | Rear |
| Number of gears (manual transmission) | 6 |
| Number of gears (automatic transmission) | ── |
| Front brakes | Disc ventilated |
| Rear brakes | Disc ventilated |
| ABS | There is |
| Fuel tank volume | 110 l |
| Max speed | 350 km/h |
| Fuel consumption (urban cycle), l. per 100 km: | 36 l |
| Fuel consumption (extra-urban cycle), l. per 100 km: | 15 l |
| Tire size | 245/35ZR19 - 345/35ZR19 |
