The beginning of the development of any modern car begins with computer simulation, but at this stage it is impossible to realistically calculate the safety risks. You can find out exactly how a vehicle will behave in an accident only by creating an artificial accident. To ensure the safety of the driver and passengers, hundreds of new cars are crashed every year in crash tests. Such tests are carried out both by the automakers themselves and by independent organizations.
What are crash tests for?
Testing a car by deliberately colliding with an artificial obstacle is called a crash test. The conditions of a real accident are created in order to empirically determine the nature of the damage to the car and its impact on the safety of the driver and passengers. Until 1965, the role of special dummies was assigned to the corpses of people and animals. A modern mannequin is equipped with dozens of sensors to measure a variety of parameters.
A crash test is carried out before the release of the car into mass production.
Basically, the tests involve frontal and side collisions with obstacles, as they are characterized by the greatest risks to the life and health of everyone in the car. In addition to the level of safety of people, tests help determine the strength of the body, various nodes and hanging parts.
Test Methods
Today, two main methods of vehicle safety testing are used - the European system Euro NCAP and American - NHTSA. The first involves four main steps:
- Frontal collision of a car with an obstacle at a speed of 64 km/h.
- Side impact - a cart weighing 950 kg enters the car.
- clash in reverse- a car at a speed of 29 km / h drives into a metal pole.
- The fourth stage determines the safety of the car for pedestrians - the test involves a collision with a dummy at a speed of 40 km / h.
Often, the manufacturer additionally checks child safety, for this, the reliability of child restraints is determined. specific model. To obtain a result according to the European methodology, a 16-point system is used; according to the results of the study, an overall assessment is made based on all tests performed. The American test system differs in some details from the European one. For example, according to this scenario, in a non-cart when head-on collision a car enters, but vice versa - the cart accelerates and hits. The speed is also different - in the American system it is 55 km / h. Side impact is carried out at a speed of 61 km / h, while the mass of the cart is 400 kg more, and both sides are checked for impact.
Grading system
After the tests, based on the results obtained, the experts calculate the points and put one of the ratings:
- Badly;
- weak;
- satisfactorily;
- Fine.
In addition to ratings, points are given - stars. Maximum number stars - 5, respectively, the more they get the car, the safer it is. If the machine is rated “good”, then the level of safety is high enough, with serious accident the driver and passengers receive the minimum possible damage in such a situation. If the rating is "bad", then the level of security is low. In real emergency this is tantamount to receiving serious injuries, up to incompatible with life.
For recognition vehicle safe must be scored at least three stars, or received a rating of "satisfactory".
Front impact test
The main type of crash test is a test of the damage received in a frontal collision. In real accidents, this is the most life-threatening type of impact. conditioned heightened danger the fact that in such a collision the driver and passengers receive more injuries, in addition, there is a high probability of getting into the passenger compartment through Windshield various items. Therefore, for the integrity of the car, the frontal impact should be as less critical as possible, and the deformation should be minimal. According to the European crash test system, the car accelerates to 65 km / h and crashes into an obstacle. Most modern cars pass these tests with good marks.
According to statistics, only 20% of vehicles fail testing.
If a car manufacturer gets a good score for a frontal impact, then it can carry out further tests on its own. Independent organizations also have the right to periodically organize crash tests, regardless of the manufacturer.
Side impact crash test
The next stage of testing involves a collision with an obstacle from the side. Regardless of the type of crash test system, a special trolley is used for this. Typically, the impact site is the middle part between the driver's and rear passenger's doors. At a speed of about 50 km/h, a collision is simulated with a small truck. The test uses an adult manikin driving position and a smaller mannequin back seat behind the driver imitating a teenager.
Increasingly, the first imitates a woman. This is due to the fact that the woman behind the wheel in most cases sits down without leaning back in her seat, but on the contrary, closer to the steering wheel. In this case, in a side collision, a head hit on the glass is guaranteed. This is fraught with serious head injuries.
Rear impact crash test
Crash tests are carried out not only from the front, but also from the rear. Attention is paid to passive safety for which height-adjustable headrests serve. For testing driver's seat is installed on a special sled, on which it can easily move back and forth, then a standard mannequin sits in the chair and fastens it with a seat belt.
At a speed of 35 km / h, a shock test is carried out in back car. The timing of the deployment of seat belts and airbags is measured, as well as the performance ABS systems. modern car equipped additional funds prevention of emergencies, for example, emergency braking and avoiding obstacles, controlling the trajectory of movement along road markings. UAZ cars and in general domestic auto industry far from such technologies, but perhaps in the future these systems will be the norm for our machines.
Safety Check for Pedestrians
Previously, the vehicle injury test method for pedestrians was not used. Modern realities dictate their conditions, and tests are now being carried out, the purpose of which is to determine how dangerous a car is for a pedestrian in a collision. Many global manufacturers already take such crash tests into account when developing body elements.
The test is carried out according to a special technique, the modernized body should not inflict serious injuries on a pedestrian in the event of an emergency. According to statistics, in such accidents, pedestrians are injured due to hitting their heads on the hood or windshield. To avoid such injuries, automakers are beginning to equip the front of the body with special hydraulic chucks. Upon impact, they shoot, sharply raise the hood and prevent the pedestrian from hitting, pushing him back.
Such technologies are constantly being refined and improved in order to minimize the occurrence of injuries when hitting a pedestrian to a minimum. All test stages must be taken into account before final marks are given. To obtain maximum points, the manufacturer must pass all stages with good performance.
Ignoring any mandatory requirements vehicle safety leads to a lower overall score in independent crash tests, which are more objective than those organized by the manufacturer.
Automotive edition of AutoReview carried out a crash test SUV UAZ Patriot under the EuroNCAP rule (see issue 12 of 2010). A car at a speed of 64 km / h was crashed into a cube with 40% overlap. The results were depressing, for several years after the replacement of Simbir with Patriot, nothing has changed in terms of security!
The body was again torn off the frame due to poor-quality fasteners, the steering wheel fired again and the dummy hit it with its head (overload 93g at an allowable threshold of 88g), and at the legs it came apart at the seams and the gas tank was pierced ... The passenger is unlikely to come out alive after a crushing blow on the handrail on front panel (HIC = 1788 at threshold 1000). Moreover, according to the publication, his salvation could be an airbag, but there is no such option even for the driver (and he, by the way, is not unnecessary with such a steering shift).
After recalculating the scores, it turned out that new Patriot no better than Simbir, who failed the crash test in 2003, the same 2.7 points and no hope for the future ... The reason is prosaic for fine-tuning security, no one wants to allocate money, people will buy such a car. But you don’t need so much, for example, a frame with crushable zones, to increase the number of points of attachment of the body to the frame and pillows in the cabin. Better spent on plastic body kits and new body colors.
According to Autoreview, fine-tuning Japanese pickup truck Nissan Navara failed crash test with a score of 1.6 points was carried out in a short time and a recall was announced, after fine-tuning the car achieved a result of 6.9 points. It is also worth noting that the recently broken in Australia Chinese Great wall hover performed much better than Patriot - 9.48 points out of 16.
But, there is one caveat. The crash test is partly relative. To turn a Patriot into a weapon for killing riders, you need an opponent of at least an equal weight category, that is, in a collision with the same Priora, an SUV from Ulyanovsk will have an advantage in the form of an oak frame.
There is another frame-by-frame review http://www.4x4info.ru/
shot 1 (frame - on approach to the target)
shot 2 (frame 10) - the target was hit, the hood and frame were deformed (what's with the frame ?!)
shot 3 (frame 11) - the most extreme point of the car moving forward, actually stopping the car - the departure from the concrete will go further - the moment of the greatest overloads in the cabin, the gearbox and the engine went down, steering column went up
shot 4 (frame 15) - active departure from the concrete wall, reverse G-forces begin, the tailgate opens
shot 5 (frame 17) - maximum rebound, mannequins are pressed into the backs and headrests
shot 6 (frame 97) - stopping the car after it flew off, jumped on ,
Now for the results
1. liked
1.1 Crinkling of the hood along the programmed trajectory
1.2 the steering column goes up and not into the driver
1.3 waving mirrors in a funny way - and the mirrors remain intact
2. liked it very much
2.1 the body does not break off the frame (holmes, but, damn it, HOW?!!!)
after all, the following scheme is traditional for the UAZ:
the body is torn off the pillows and, including its contents, it rushes towards everything that sticks into it - the driver, along with the seat and belt, comes to the steering wheel, and here it was possible to keep a very difficult body with a good margin of inertia (well, offhand, um 700 kg, ve 64 km / h - I get about 12 tons of shock load - but I must have been mistaken - I’m not trained in physics and arithmetic) on several bolts oh I don’t understand how it was done and why it didn’t work out like that before
2.2 the engine with the gearbox falls down and does not go to the salon (also unbelievable - the bridge is in the same place, but the fact remains - it is perfectly visible right from the second photo how the units fall down)
2.3 the body around the cabin is not deformed - the safety cage around the driver and passengers (the doors are the roof, it looks like the floor) is intact in the last photo, you can see it very well, I would say excellent result
2.4 The driver’s head does not crash into the middle pillar when flying back (I tried to cut it out so that it would be visible in frames 4 and 5) - but it passes strictly into the headrest, it’s also not clear - the body flies to the right, the head goes back - there is a non-zero probability of meeting with the middle pillar — usually on this pierced. Here somehow it was possible to avoid - by accident or not - it is not clear - you need to look for shooting with a high-speed camera, otherwise the whole crash literally fit in two frames - a lot of incomprehensibility remains
3 did not like
3.1 tailgate opened (shouldn't)
3.2 the windshield cracked from below and flew out - that means the lower part of the frame went deformed windshield- and there the interior is close to the instrument panel and the driver's knees
3.3, the driver flies headlong into the steering wheel, and the passenger into the handrail - you can see it especially well in the third photo. but this, in general, is treated not so much with pillows and pretensioners, but with readiness for impact and hands on the steering wheel - in life, if the driver holds the steering wheel, he often heads into the glass - his hands, like rocker arms, work purely kinematically so, nevertheless, it looks fuuu , the passenger is quite possibly worse than the driver - the handrail will be much stronger than the steering wheel
3.4 cargo from the trunk flies into the passenger compartment (this is not an eurocap - the second method, sorry but lazy to cut - take my word for it - a suitcase or a jack from the trunk turns out to be strictly in place of the head rear passengers- in the same place the tail throws up and the load flies forward - very ugly)
4. really disliked
4.1 there are no detailed photos of the car after - what’s with the doors - are they jammed or open, with pedals - where and how did they leave, with the bottom of the cabin - intact or gone or even torn
4.2 there is no information about the overloads of dummies, than they knocked with what force
4.3 is not at all clear - who beat him and for what, where are the results, at the first and at the second and even at the third glance the result is not bad - who and what is hushing up?
Summarizing
An unexpectedly good (if not excellent) result is not clear what the authors of the crash test are hiding.
And now for the doubters there are good pictures on the Drive:
On March 10, 2012, an accident occurred on the M10 Moscow-St. Petersburg highway involving 12 cars, including the UAZ Patriot.
The car withstood several strong blows in various places and at various angles of attack, including from a multi-ton truck.
Wherein EVERYONE WHO WAS IN THE PATRIOT IS ALIVE! only bruises and abrasions. And this is taking into account the fact that the Patriot is not equipped with airbags, belt pretensioners, etc.
I don’t write a lot of words, judge the scale and strength of the blows from the video and photos.
Some photos:
Who will say now that the UAZ Patriot is NOT a SAFE CAR?!
The Patriot saved the lives and health of his owner and passengers in this hellish mess!
Take care of yourself and your loved ones, be careful while driving!
It didn't break! The body of the Patriot was not torn off the frame, the pillows worked properly, the pasted windshield cracked, but remained in the opening ... But the steering wheel soared up, and the 18-inch wheel tore the floor!
We have just carried out the 38th crash test as part of our This is the first blow from a whole series of new crash tests, and we have chosen the modernized UAZ Patriot as the pioneer. Recall that during the Patriot, the body was torn off the frame, the driver hit his head on the steering wheel with force, and the passenger on the handrail on the front panel. The result is zero stars, 2.7 points and one of last places in our ranking.
But, it has a completely new telescopic steering column, the left A-pillar is reinforced and there are new attachment points for the body to the frame. Although the first results are so far only based on visual inspection— turned out not to be as rosy as we expected.
The pre-impact speed was 64.9 km/h, slightly faster than the standard 64 km/h, but within the +/-- 1 km/h tolerance of the Euro NCAP procedure. The steering wheel has shifted less than six years ago, but it still looks at the ceiling, the pedals stand upright, and below, in the area of the pedals, is a continuous mess of torn metal.
It is already clear from the colored markers at the points of contact and from the high-speed video frames that the driver's airbag took the brunt of the blow and reduced the G-forces that act on the driver's head. But the steering column, alas, did not develop enough: according to preliminary estimates, the magnitude of the bending moment that acts on the dummy's neck exceeded the critical threshold, that is, with a high degree of probability, even now it can be argued that the driver real Patriot such a blow threatens to break the neck.
Already on Monday, look for a video report about this blow on our YouTube channel, and we will publish the full report, detailed analysis and the final rating of the Patriot on our website at the end of January and in the printed issue of Auto Review No. 2, which will be released on January 23, 2017.
In the meantime, we remind you that our website is open. There you can learn in detail about how the pre-reform Patriot and its predecessor UAZ Simbir performed in our tests, what are the ratings of an independent assessment of passive safety and how they differ from each other, why Euro NCAP stars are sometimes invalid in Russia - and much more .
And one more important news. We at Autoreview have been conducting crash tests for 20 years already - and so far we have done them alone, although all over the world any independent rating passive safety exists with the support of partners and sponsors. In the Old World, Euro NCAP conducts crash tests with the money of European taxpayers, funds for tests in Latin America are given to the Latin NCAP committee by the Inter-American Development Bank - and so on.
Finally, we also have a partner: we still pay for crash tests ourselves, but cars "for slaughter", including this Patriot, from now on help us to purchase Insurance Company RESO-Guarantee. And there is mutual benefit in this. After all, our crash tests force automakers to release more safe cars- the death rate and injuries in road accidents are reduced, and with them the payments of insurers.
With the advent of a partner, we have not yet changed our crash test methodology and the ARCAP rating calculation scheme: they are based on the 2008 Euro NCAP committee frontal impact protocol (speed 64 km/h, 40% overlap, deformable barrier). The difference is in the nuances. For example, we evaluate head injuries according to the HIC integral criterion, even if there was no hard contact with interior elements.
Stay with us!
We are glad to welcome patriots in the topic of safety UAZ Patriot! The topic is actively massaged not only on the forums, but also at the most prestigious exhibitions automotive achievements. UAZ Patriot did not install airbags until last year, but UAZ Patriot 2017 has already got a pair of front airbags. At the present stage, the auto industry is literally fixated on the safety aspect and improving the equipment of the UAZ Patriot cabin. And the close attention of leading manufacturers has its justification despite the fact that many motorists of the old school ignore even belts (familiar, right?).
Regarding the pros and cons - if you put aside the bravado and analyze the capabilities of the Patriot, it turns out that there are indisputable arguments in favor of equipping the security system with airbags. Go:
- Patriot is a heavy machine that is not inferior to the frames in terms of mass. How will it behave when skidding? That's right, tantamount to a locomotive at full speed. The reaction and experience of the driver, adequate tires and ABS do not always give a positive result. Thanks to a mass of under 3 tons, a collision in a critical situation will definitely be tough.
- Head-on collisions always invariably touch the steering column of the UAZ Patriot, and, accordingly, head and chest injuries are provided. It is in this case that the pillow for the driver and passenger on front seat can save a life. Notice high speeds in order to cripple the fragile constitution of any person is not needed. Crash test at a total speed of 110 km/h (55 km/h for each participant in an accident), showed that the mannequins imitating the passenger and the driver could not “survive” without pillows.
- Properly tuned and accurate electronics will not allow the airbag to work at speeds up to 20 km / h. This means that if you slowly slipped into a ditch due to distraction due to the lack of a UAZ Patriot multifunction steering wheel, then there will be no airbag deployment. This moment is important not only for comfort, but also from the point of view of safety, because. An improperly opened pillow can also cause injury.
So the presence additional elements security argued. Now about the design of airbags on the UAZ Patriot - they do not fundamentally differ from typical Airbag devices on other cars. On Patrick 2017, the pillow for the driver is located in the steering column, for the passenger who takes the place of the navigator - in the glove compartment. The whole Airbag system consists of: inflatable bag, gas generator, collision sensor and control lamp on the dashboard.
The mechanism of operation is quite simple, but requires precise and professional customization qualified personnel. It’s almost impossible to adjust the UAZ Patriot airbag on your own, and it’s forbidden, so if the red indicator light stubbornly does not want to go out, you will have to contact the service station.
The sensor must respond to any deformations and sharp shocks in order to transmit a signal to the detonator, which destroys the membrane of gas cylinders. The pillow at the moment of opening breaks through the cover of the module. The cushion expands in about 30 ms. At the same time, the pillow should not be filled with gas to the eyeballs all the time, so as not to kill or maim due to the dense structure. The softness of the pillow is achieved through special holes. Impact damping is based on the principle of rapid rise and fall of pressure in the pillow through special calibrated holes, which allows dampening the dynamics of body movement. The Airbag system, due to the accuracy of execution and responsibility of the function, significantly raises the cost of UAZ Patriot 2017, but this rise in price is quite justified when compared with classical equipment, the risk of death when frontal collision 30% less.
