For those who are interested in knowing how certain things that surround us work, we want to talk about the principle of operation of a filling nozzle (dispensing tap) with automatic shutdown.
To begin with, let's see how the pistol of the most common design works:
The flow of fuel through the valve creates a zone reduced pressure between valve (5) and gun body. This happens according to Bernoulli's law, because at this point, the flow rate, due to the narrowing of the passage, will be higher than before the valve (and the higher the flow rate, the lower the pressure).
There is an air channel in the gun nose (air inlet through the hole (1). This air channel is connected to the vacuum chamber, which is located above the membrane (3), connected to the channel by an annular sleeve (see photo), standing behind the valve (5).
Air enters through the air channel, passes through the vacuum chamber and is mixed into the fuel. The valve (5) remains in the open position as long as the air flows freely through the air passage. When the fuel closes the opening of the air passage (1) or the ball valve (2) is actuated, the free flow of air stops and a vacuum is abruptly created in the vacuum chamber. The diaphragm (3) retracts up the vacuum chamber and releases the latch that held the traction rail. It closes the poppet valve (5) under the action of a spring and stops the flow of fuel. The ball valve (2) is activated when the gun is tilted or dropped, which helps stop the flow of fuel if the gun falls out of the vehicle's tank.
To open a faucet after automatic shutdown, you need to convert it to normal position by releasing the lever (9) and pressing it again. In this case, the diaphragm (3) will take its original position.
ATTENTION! The ball valve is not available in all pistol models!
The cover of the vacuum chamber is removed and the membrane with the stem lock is removed.
Valve with spring, ring sleeve, diaphragm, vacuum chamber cover
On the annular sleeve, you can see a hole that connects to the vacuum chamber and an annular gap through which air is sucked in.
Gas stations where they help you refuel are now rare, so most often you need to refuel yourself. In this article, we will talk about how to use columns, choose desired view fuel, refuel and pay for fuel, because these are extremely important skills for any driver.
Steps
Part 1
Payment- Make sure the dispenser you have chosen has the fuel you need. Some dispensers fill with diesel only, some with gasoline only, and some with both fuels. An indication of the type of fuel is usually both on the column itself and on the plates on top.
- Follow the safety rules. Extinguish your cigarette when approaching a dispenser, as a lit cigarette may cause a fire, and do not use mobile phone. Discharge static electricity from the phone is believed to be the cause of several gas station fires.
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Choose a payment method and pay for fuel. Most often you need to pay for fuel before refueling, but if you need to fill up full tank, employees of some gas stations allow you to fill up first and then pay. Some gas stations have self-service terminals that accept cards and cash.
- Payment at the terminal: paste bank card and follow the instructions on the screen. You will need to select the type of card, enter the pin code and the amount. The column will fill in the amount of fuel that corresponds to the payment, that is, if you indicate a thousand rubles, you will receive as many liters of fuel as you can buy for a thousand.
- Payment at the checkout: give the cashier money or a card, name the desired amount of payment or the number of liters and tell the number of your dispenser. If you refuel for a certain amount, the column will stop pumping fuel when the meter reaches this amount. If you want to fill up to a full tank, most likely you will have to first leave money with a margin at the checkout, fill up the car, and then return for change. This is a common practice.
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Open the fuel tank cap. To get to the cover, you will need to open the door. Some lids are locked with a key, but sometimes you need to press a button or just turn the lid. Place the unscrewed lid in safe place, and if it is attached to a wire, leave it hanging down.
Remove the gun from the column and insert it into the throat of the gas tank. Sometimes there are drops left in the gun from a previous fueling, so handle the gun carefully so as not to stain yourself with fuel.
- Diesel fuel is usually indicated in gray or black, other fuels - different colors. Make sure you take the gun with the fuel you need.
- Pistols are made so that they do not have to be held when refueling. Although it is common to see someone holding a gun while filling fuel, this is not necessary with a working gun, as the guns have a mechanism that closes the valve.
Part 2
Selecting the type of fuel-
Select the desired type of fuel. As a rule, if there is gasoline at the gas station, it will be presented by AI-92 and AI-95, but AI-98 and AI-80 are also often found. Sometimes gas stations also offer premium types of gasoline (for example, Premium Sport at Trassa gas stations or Fora at Rosneft). The type of gasoline is determined by the octane number (the higher the number, the more octane number and the more resistant gasoline is to detonation). To find out which gasoline is right for you, refer to your car's owner's manual.
To select the gasoline you need, simply insert the gun with the appropriate designation into the gas tank neck.
- In Europe, gas stations look almost the same as in the CIS, but in the USA there are buttons on the dispenser to select the type of fuel, and different types of fuel can come from one gun.
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If you are in America and refuel at a dispenser with buttons, press "Start". This will feed the type of fuel you need into the gun (before that, it will need to be selected with another button).
- Look at the screen with the counters - they should be at zero. After the start of refueling, the screen will display the amount of fuel filled and its price.
Part 3
Refueling-
Squeeze the gun handle and fuel will begin to flow into the gas tank. In order not to hold the gun with your hand, feel for the special foot at the top of the handle, lower and hold it down. Press the handle only when the gun is already in the throat of the gas tank!
- All modern gas stations have a mechanism in the dispensers that automatically stops the fuel supply when the tank is full or when the meter reaches the amount you paid. When filling stops, you will hear a click.
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It is recommended to finish refueling a little earlier than the tank is full. There is debate about the accuracy of the mechanism that stops the feed; there is also an opinion that when filling a full tank, you slightly overpay, because part of the fuel flows back into the dispenser.
Stop near the column and turn off the engine. Try to park the car so that the gas tank cap is as close to the column as possible. Don't forget which side you have the gas tank on. It is forbidden to fill the car with the engine running, so turn it off and get out of the car.
Since you are a driver, then you know what it is filling nozzle And of course you know how to use it.
But almost no one knows how it works, and even more so how it understands that a full tank has already been filled!
Now we will open the eyes of everyone reading this article. Imagine how pleasant it will be to refuel your car later, knowing how everything happens there, in a filling nozzle.
filling nozzle inside
Consider the scheme of the gun. When we press the bracket-handle (10), the valve (5), compressing the spring (4), opens for the passage of fuel.
The flow of fuel rushes into the tank, but it should be noted for trucks the flow is 120 l./min., for cars it is three times less - 40 l./min. For cars and the barrel of the pistol is slightly smaller in caliber.
But in this very barrel there is another channel - a vacuum one. It communicates with the fuel channel at the point where the main valve (5) shuts off the fuel supply. Fuel, passing by this hole, draws air from the tank through the vacuum channel, thus compensating for the pressure drop.
Fuel, filling, naturally displaces air. When the tank is full and closes the gun neck, the vacuum channel will close. As soon as this happens, the vacuum will increase sharply, the ball valve will close, the membrane (3) will rise up, releasing the stopper of the main valve (5).
This action is accompanied by a characteristic click of automatic closing of the fuel supply to the tank. That's it, the tank is full.
So, filling up the fuel tank to a full tank, you are guaranteed not to pour too much. And you do not need to keep a close eye on when refueling the car, the refueling gun will do everything for you.
And if, for example, a pistol fell out of the neck during refueling. This happens to negligent drivers, women do not count. I advise women to refuel at gas stations with tankers.
In this case, when the filling nozzle falls to the ground, the ball valve closes, the diaphragm mechanism is activated and closes the main valve. A lot of fuel will not spill if the gun is in good condition.
I'm always wondering, how can you do that? And how good it is when there are many smart people!
Refueling a car at a gas station - what could be easier? However, for those who recently or for the first time got behind the wheel of a car, even this simple procedure is fraught with many pitfalls. And so that feeding an iron friend does not turn into a problem, you should know about them in advance. Let's break it all down.
When and how to refuel the car?
With a serviceable fuel gauge in the tank, tracking the moment when the car needs to be refueled is not difficult. In extreme cases, it will tell you about the need for refueling signal lamp low level fuel. It lights up when the level drops to a critically low level. If the light comes on, then on average you can still drive the car to a complete stop. In this case, it is better not to develop high speed, and go 60 - 70 km / h. Although it is generally better not to bring matters to the “red” zone. Modern engines And fuel equipment are extremely sensitive to the presence of impurities and debris, and with a small level of fuel in the tank, sediment and small solid particles that have settled on the bottom will certainly get into the fuel system. Good thing that fuel filter most of the garbage still will not miss. Nevertheless, it is better to make it a rule to refuel when the arrow is just approaching the zero mark.
Video: How to refuel a car
The frequency with which you will have to call at gas stations will largely depend on the volume of the fuel tank of your car, the type and size of its engine, and operating conditions. diesel car, for example, other things being equal, it will be more economical than gasoline. But it is important to understand that fuel consumption and, accordingly, the frequency of visits to gas stations will not always be the same. In winter, when the car has to warm up for a long time,. And if you have to travel frequently slippery surfaces(snow, ice), on which slippage will periodically occur, the appetite of the car will increase even more. If the frequency of visiting gas stations increased without apparent reason, then it does not hurt to call on the service station. Maybe, increased consumption fuel is caused by some kind of malfunction.
Choice of refueling and type of fuel
Refueling at the first available gas station The best decision. Unfortunately, negligent sellers selling frankly poor quality fuel still missing. So it's better to spend a little time and study the reviews. experienced motorists who empirically found gas stations with the best price-quality ratio. During long trips when you can’t go back on one tank of fuel, it’s better to focus on branded gas stations. Fuel on them is a little more expensive, but you can not worry about its quality. In addition, these gas stations usually have small cafes and shops where you can relax and have a bite to eat.
The type of fuel can be: gasoline, diesel or gas. We will keep silent about the latter for now, since the operation of a car with gas equipment requires appropriate training and availability of special documents. with petrol and diesel fuel everything is easier. Even novice car enthusiasts usually know what type of fuel their car needs. If you have to refuel an unfamiliar car (rented or car of relatives), then you can read about the type of fuel needed on a special sticker, which is usually located on reverse side fuel tank hatch.
Another question that beginners often ask themselves is is it possible to replace 95th gasoline with 92nd? For some, the main argument is that the latter is a little cheaper. Someone firmly believes that there are fewer additives in the 92nd gasoline. You really can’t argue about the price, however, numerous tests have clearly proven that when replacing the 95th gasoline with the 92nd, its consumption also increases. So real savings unlikely to be achieved. But certain problems can be amassed. In the event of an engine failure or fuel system if the vehicle is under dealer warranty, a mismatch between the type of fuel used and recommended by the manufacturer may result in a denial of service. warranty repair. As a result, a penny savings will turn into serious expenses. So it’s better not to risk it and fill the tank of your car with only recommended fuel.
The procedure for refueling a car at a gas station - instructions
1. We call at the gas station and select the desired column.
At first, it is advisable to choose those gas stations for the entrance to which you need to turn right. A treacherous left turn requiring oncoming traffic to pass and cross oncoming lane movements, postpone until better times. At the gas station, pay attention to the signs indicating the direction of movement, and road markings. Most often, gas stations are located in the direction of movement of cars, so it will not be difficult to drive up to them.
Video: How to Refuel a Car (Small Nuances)
With the choice of the desired column is more difficult. At modern cars the fuel tank hatch can be located both on the left and on the right. And you need to drive up to the column from the side where the hatch is located in your car. Wrong? No problem. Move forward, turn around and drive up to the column from the right side. At the same time, try to keep the gas tank hatch opposite the column. Otherwise, you will have to pull the filling hose, which is not always convenient.
As soon as it comes directly to refueling, many motorists begin to fuss and make mistakes. So gather your courage and act according to a clear plan. First of all, the car must be turned off and fixed the car hand brake. By the way, this is also warned by special information stickers placed on fuel dispensers or near them. Next, you need to open the gas tank hatch. On most modern cars, this is done from the passenger compartment using a special lever. It is usually located near the floor to the left of driver's seat and is marked with a characteristic icon. We pull the lever - the gas tank hatch is open.
Further, the situation can develop according to two scenarios. If there are gas stations at the gas station, they will unscrew the gas tank cap for you and, having specified what type of fuel your car needs, they themselves will insert a filling nozzle into the hole. You just have to go to the window or enter the gas station building, tell the operator the number of the filling station, the type of fuel and the number of liters. If you don’t want to mess with the change, then you can refuel the car for a certain amount of rubles. Don't forget to get a cashier's check. After that, it remains to return to the car, wait for the refueling to finish, thank the tanker and leave.
At gas stations, the refueling scheme is almost the same. Unless you unscrew and screw on the gas tank cap and you will have to insert and remove the filling nozzle yourself. Pulling the trigger until all the fuel gets into the tank, by the way, is not at all necessary. There is a small locking lever near the trigger of the refueling gun - a latch, and it is a good practice to use it. By the time you walk from the checkout to the car, some of the fuel will already be in the tank. Refueling time will be reduced, and fellow motorists will thank you for it.
3. We debunk myths and fight fears.
And what if all the paid fuel does not fit in the tank and pours like a fountain on the ground - horrible dream beginner car enthusiasts. Don't worry! The design of the filling nozzle excludes such a development of events. As soon as the fuel level rises to the barrel of the gun, the ingenious valve will "shoot" and almost instantly block the path of the fuel. At the same time, you will hear a rather loud click, which will mean that free space not left in the gas tank. So you can safely fill a full tank. Not a drop of fuel gets past. The only inconvenience in this case is that part of the money paid in advance will have to be returned, which will take some time. In the West, this is easier. Many gas stations there work on the principle of "First refueled - then paid."
Refueling went well. Now the main thing is not to forget to get the gun out of the gas tank hatch and return it to its place. Next time visiting a gas station will not seem so difficult. And in a couple of months, you will remember your fears with a smile.
Situations often arise when filling station there are no specially trained people who would help the driver to fill the tank of the car. You have to do it yourself. But not every car owner knows how to use a filling nozzle correctly.
How to use the filling gun?
How to use a filling gun at a gas station: gun device
Before you start using any equipment, you should familiarize yourself with its device. The design consists of the following elements:
1. Vacuum channel.
2. Membrane.
3. Valve.
5. Spring valve.
6. Thermal insulation layer.
7. Rotating joint.
8. Cut-off spring.
Each filling nozzle is equipped with a vacuum channel in which a ball valve is mounted. When gasoline enters the gun, a pressure difference is created. Trying to compensate for it, the gun sucks air through the vacuum channel. As soon as the air fuel tank ends, the ball valve closes. Thus, the main fuel supply channel is blocked.
This design does not allow gasoline to overfill the tank, so the use of a gun can be called safe.
After you have arrived at the desired column at the gas station, you can start the refueling process. To do this, you need to follow a certain sequence of actions.
1. Remove the gun from the dispenser and insert it into the tank. Then you can go to the cashier and pay for the amount of gasoline you need.
2. Approach the tank and press the pistol lever. It has a special latch that allows you not to hold the lever with your hand. If you wish, you can use it, then you just have to wait until the gasoline is completely in the tank. But you can also keep the lever pressed by yourself, so you don't have to worry about the gun accidentally falling out of the tank.
