Many motorists are switching to modern stamps gasoline with detergent additives for the engine. Let's figure out whether it is worth overpaying for improved fuel for a car, what advantages does it provide?
What are the brands of improved gasoline?
The most famous are EKTO from Lukoil and Ultimate (or Active) from BP. BP is not a network of filling stations from British Petrolium, but a branch of Rosneft. There used to be a TNK company, but it was liquidated a long time ago. G-Drive (Opti) branded gasoline is sold at GazpromNeft, Evolution at NeftMagistrali (represented in Moscow and the Moscow Region), and V-Power at Shell gas stations.For example, what is the difference between the AI-95 Ultimate Active and the simple AI-95 Active. Only the amount of additives. For example, in the usual "asset" there will be approximately 380 ml per liter. And in the "ultimate" - 850 ml / l.
But how, besides the name, does it differ and is it worth it? overpayments of 1-2 rubles per liter? Most drivers have doubts about the choice correct gasoline at a gas station. Which fill: regular or improved gasoline? Advertising claims that branded fuel contains special detergent additives for the engine. They are rebuilding fuel system car, clean the nozzles and have a positive effect on the life of the motor.
According to GOST, car filling stations should sell Euro-5 class fuel with mandatory detergent additives. So does that mean it's a scam? Not really. According to GOST content detergent additives negligible, especially for low-octane fuel grades. For example, if we compare AI-95 and improved AI-95, then the latter will have more additives. And if we compare the branded AI-95 and AI-100, then the amount of additives added will be almost the same.
If you compare, for example, AI 95 Euro or 95 Ecto Lukoil, then the latter will be better. The same is true for diesel fuels. Now, at many gas stations, ordinary diesel fuel has disappeared, and is sold only with detergent additives. But many gas stations do not even have an alternative. If you have a modern diesel auto- choose only branded diesel fuel.
Previously, manufacturers added the simplest additives of the BASF or Afron brand. They are now adding improved additive options with friction modifiers. In fact, this kind of conventional engine additives. It reduces friction in the engine, which increases power while saving gasoline. Moreover, when using them, the cleaning of the motor is 2.5 times more effective.
Improved fuel grades have a good effect on engine life. For example, the use of branded gasoline could be a salvation from possible engine blockages, especially fuel injectors or fuel pump. Improved fuel reduces emissions exhaust gases and get a good return on the motor, as it self-cleans during operation.
As RosNeft specialists assure, their fuel for 32 hours of work for diesel machine 99.7% will restore the original power. First of all, the nozzles, valves, combustion chamber will be cleaned. Petrol vehicles need more time - 60 hours. During this time, from 60 to 77% of deposits are removed.
What are the cons
Many motorists advise before switching from regular brand gasoline for improved - get rid of accumulated slags in the fuel system of the car. To do this, you need to clean the injectors yourself or in a car service. Then there will be no problems with accumulated deposits in the engine, which can clog nozzles or candles. Some drivers, after using branded fuel, may feel a decrease in power; diagnostics will show a decrease in engine compression. Because the detergent additives “stirred up” all the accumulated dirt in the engine, it clogged all the fuel channels.This can only happen with older cars with high mileage. Or when previously refueled poor quality fuel, or the car stood idle for a long time. Manufacturers add to their products a large number of detergent additives, their concentration in the total amount is small. They should not adversely affect the operation of the car.
If you are afraid to refuel branded fuel, then do not pour it. If you want to try, then do it gradually. To begin with, fill in no more than 10-20 liters of branded gasoline at a time, mixing with regular fuel. Then just go for them. As the manufacturers assure, in order to feel some effect from the application, it is necessary that at least 100 liters pass through the entire fuel system of the car. If problems arise, then best case, replace only fuel filter
. At worst, you will have to replace the candles or clean the nozzles. Although these works must be done every 2-3 years, regardless of the brand of gasoline used.
Summary of use. What effect?
The main advantages are manifested in modern injection engines. The jet of fuel from the nozzle allows better use detergent properties additives than in carburetor engine. There was experience in the use of fuel "Ultimeyt" in high mileage on carburettor car. After that, he stopped constantly cleaning the carburetor - there were no deposits and the fuel filter under the hood did not get dirty externally (it is transparent).
For new cars, they are used so that they do not accumulate in the engine resinous deposits. After all, it is easier to prevent a problem than to repair the engine later due to bad gasoline. But the claimed increase in power can not be achieved for new cars. If you use the capabilities of gasolines with a higher octane number (AI-98 or AI-100) and good washing ability, then such figures may turn out to be real. If you fill in fuel with a lower octane rating, this will directly affect the engine power in the direction of its reduction.
Owners of cars with a mileage of more than 100,000 km can feel the increase in power. During this time, dirt has accumulated in the engine, and regular use of improved fuel will remove it. Then you can return those missing horsepower that escaped from the motor. For small engines, the effect will be much greater, because. feel the lost 5-10 hp will be easier than for motors with big power. Additives with friction modifiers also extend the service life and reduce fuel consumption.
New brands of fuel are not more expensive than usual ones - what does it mean plus a ruble or two to the cost per liter against the backdrop of current prices? Bottom line: we choose the 95th with a beautiful prefix at the end. It does not matter which one, because in fact, they have the same characteristics.
4.4.4. Organization of commercial gasoline production
with improved environmental performance
The main components for the preparation of motor gasolines are products of catalytic reforming and catalytic cracking, which contain a significant amount of aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene. Therefore, for
To obtain environmentally friendly gasolines of appropriate quality, it is necessary to change the technology of their manufacture. Thus, during the processing of lightweight raw materials (bc 151°C) at the catalytic reforming unit, the content of benzene in the stable catalyzate increases significantly (up to 6.4%). To obtain gasoline with improved environmental performance in terms of benzene content, it is required to make the feedstock of catalytic reforming heavier. Reducing the content of aromatic hydrocarbons can be achieved by reducing the severity of the reforming process, while octane number can be increased by adding oxygen-containing additives (for example, MTBE) to gasoline. To reduce the pressure of saturated vapors of gasoline, it is necessary to reduce the content of butanes in its composition, excluding the involvement of the butane-butylene fraction. In addition, when visbreaking gasoline is introduced into catalytically cracked gasoline (3% for unstable catalytically cracked gasoline), the quality of gasoline deteriorates in terms of total and mercaptan sulfur content from 0.02 to 0.08 and from 0.004 to 0.0076 wt%, respectively.
In table. 4.37 shows the quality indicators of the main components of gasoline.
The technological scheme for the production of high-quality commercial gasoline (for example, the Moscow Oil Refinery), shown in fig. 4.2, includes: primary distillation of oil at CDU-AVT-6 (rigid scheme CDU-AT-6 - secondary distillation), catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, visbreaking, hydrotreatment, compounding unit, sulfur production. The distribution of gasoline components by brand is given in Table. 4.38. The amount of each of the components is determined by calculating the octane number of the mixture according to the rule of additivity, depending on the actual indicators of the octane number of the initial components. Based on the calculated data on the component composition of gasoline, gasoline mixtures are compiled and their main quality indicators are determined.
Based on the completed complex of studies (including optimization and implementation of technological processes production of high-octane gasoline components) have been developed and specifications for gasolines with improved environmental characteristics (Table 4.39).
Improvement of ecological characteristics of gasolines by additives. As already noted, one of the methods for obtaining motor fuels with improved environmental performance is the use of various additives.
Table 4.37
Quality indicators of the main components of gasoline
| Gasoline component | Density, g / m 3 | Fractional composition, % wt. | Tk. k., ° С | Content, % wt. | Octane number | ||||
| up to 70°C | up to 100°C | up to 180°С | sulfur | benzene | mm. | And. m. | |||
| Stable catalyzate KR | 0,772 | 3 | 26 | 94 | 188 | Absence | 4,2 | 85 | 94,5 |
| Stable Catalyst QC | 0,746 | 23 | 44 | 88 | 213 | 0,07 | 0,8 | 81 | 91 |
| BBFCK | - | - | - | - | - | 0,1* | - | 93 | 97 |
| Light components | - | - | - | - | - | 0,04-0,05 | - | 67 | 71 |
| Straight-run 22/4 | 0,72 | 3 | 38 | 100 | 178 | 0,05 | 0,04 | 40 | 42 |
| HCFC components | - | - | - | - | - | 0,05 | - | 90 | 92 |
* without cleaning BBF (during cleaning - 0.04%); CR - catalytic reforming; CC - catalytic cracking.
Table 4.38
Gasoline components with improved environmental performance (EC)
| Gasoline component | AI-95 EK | AI-92 EK | AI-80 EK |
| % on gasoline | % on gasoline | % on gasoline |
Table 4.39
Characteristics of gasolines with improved environmental performance
| Octane number, motor method | 76,0 | 83 | 85,0 | 88,0 |
| Octane number, research method | 80 | 92 | 95 | 98 |
| Content lead, g / dm 3, no more |
0,01 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0,01 |
| resins, mg/ 100 cm 3 , no more | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Induction period, min, not less | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 |
| Volume fraction, % benzene, no more | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
| Saturated vapor pressure, kPa from April to October | 35-70 | 35-70 | 35-70 | 35-70 |
| Mass fraction of sulfur, % wt., no more | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
| Density at 15 °С, kg/m 3 | 780 | 780 | 780 | 780 |
According to various estimates, the market motor fuel in St. Petersburg in 2013 increased from 5 to 6% and amounted to approximately 2.3 million tons. corporate clients falls, and ordinary motorists - grows.
Perhaps the most significant event in the local fuel market for Last year was the transition of the Kirishi Oil Refinery (a subsidiary of OAO Surgutneftegaz) to the production of class 5 diesel fuel, which significantly increased overall quality petroleum products on the market.
Keep the brand
Second year on the market sales of AI-95 gasoline and branded types of 95th fuel are growing more actively. Today, most gas stations are guaranteed to sell only this type of class 4 and 5. "This is due both to the Technical Regulations, which banned the sale of class 3, and to high competition in the market. Companies are no longer limited to just AI-95 gasoline, almost every major fuel the operator offers branded gasoline with improved characteristics, which meets the increased demand of motorists for this species fuel," explains Oleg Ashikhmin, President of the Oil Club of St. Petersburg.
At Neste, increased demand for AI-95 gasoline is associated with the renewal of the car fleet.
"The number of cars consuming mainly this type of fuel," says Andris Matisons, commercial director of Neste St. Petersburg LLC.
Since April 2014, the network has switched to selling only branded fuel with additives - Neste Futura.
The PTK network also makes rate on branded fuel JET, which the company began to sell in 2012. According to the company, sales of this fuel are growing by about 15% per year. Like many other brands, JET fuel contains additional components in its composition that improve its performance.
The company says that they contribute more complete combustion fuel, reduce and eliminate deposits in the combustion chamber and, as a result, increase engine power, as well as improve its start in the cold season.
"One can draw an analogy with by car: yes basic equipment car, but often consumers improve the configuration of the car to fit their needs and wishes. It is the same with branded fuel - standard fuel meets all the requirements of GOST, technical regulations, but some of its characteristics can still be improved," adds Andrey Mikheev, CEO CJSC "PTK"
February 2013 Gazprom Neft filling stations have started selling G-Drive 98 premium motor fuel in addition to G-Drive 95 branded gasoline.
Forecast for growth
Since the beginning of 2014, retail fuel prices in St. Petersburg have increased by about 2.6%, according to Energocapital investment company. The growth of all-Russian prices, according to Rosstat, amounted to about 3.3%.
"As reasons, name the devaluation of the ruble and the associated increase in the volume of exports of raw materials from refineries, as well as growing excise duties. For example, since the beginning of the year, the excise rate on Euro-4 gasoline has increased by 10.7%," says Ilya Berezin, an analyst at Energocapital Investment Company. According to his forecasts, the growth in fuel prices in St. Petersburg by the end of the year will be at 6–7%. diesel fuel- by 1.30 rubles (+0.4%), which is significantly lower than inflation (in 2013 it was 6.5%).
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Gasoline is an almost colorless liquid with a specific odor, which is a complex combination of hydrocarbon chains that differ in their structure. The characteristics of the fuel depend on these chains, called fractions: boiling and freezing points, volatility and other properties.
Gasoline production
Gasoline is a product, as well as purity, which determines the grade of gasoline. The main methods for obtaining this type of fuel are reforming, cracking and direct sublimation.
Gasoline can also be obtained from natural and associated gases, coal, and it is used not only as a fuel, but also as a solvent, extractor and wash, a raw material in the petrochemical industry.
Despite a fairly wide range of applications, more than 90% of everything produced in the world gasoline goes for engine fuel internal combustion. There are two main types and automobile.
Brands of gasoline vary depending on the level of quality: the higher it is, the less problems with the operation and maintenance of the vehicle.
The main method for producing gasoline is the cracking process, which is a secondary process. During cracking, heavy hydrocarbons are split, increasing the volume finished liquid by 60%. Thermal cracking is carried out at a temperature of more than 500 ° C, due to which gasoline grades with an octane rating of not more than 70 are created.
Today fuel for aviation and automotive technology produced in refineries equipped with automated equipment. The oil entering them is mixed, settled and stored in special tanks. Then it is washed, dehydrated and rectified. As a result, straight-run gasolines are obtained from it, differing high level chemical stability. Liquids are cleaned, sulfur is removed from their composition, octane indicators are increased.
The first use of straight-run gasolines made it possible to increase the power and efficiency of engines, but the successes were short-lived: the fuel mixture exploded in the combustion chamber when it was heated from compression. Detonation caused the engine to fail. The solution to this problem was the use of special substances - antiknock agents. The most effective of them is tetraethyl lead. As a result, the resistance of gasoline to detonation began to be assessed by the octane number, which received the name of the brand. It is determined in several ways - research, motor and temperature.
Requirements for the quality of gasoline
Both aviation and automobile must comply with certain requirements established by GOSTs in order to ensure high performance characteristics. These criteria include five main ones:
- Fractional composition.
- The stability of the chemical composition.
- Evaporation.
- Detonation resistance.
- Tendency to form soot.
Fractional composition
The fractional composition has an effect on the functionality of the engine, characterized by several properties. The first one is the temperature environment. The percentage of light fractions depends on it. The lower it is, the large quantity fractions must be contained in the fuel. At the same time, too much of them can lead to the formation of vapor locks.
The second and third are the time taken to warm up the engine and the degree of wear of the cylinders and pistons. The ambient temperature also has a significant effect on these parameters, so the fractional composition differs in summer and winter grades of gasoline. Poor volatility of gasoline can cause its liquid fraction to enter the combustion chamber and crankcase, which leads to dilution engine oil and engine failure.
Chemical stability
It varies depending on the rate of oxidation of the fuel components and can cause deposits on spark plugs, valves and other engine components. The chemical stability of gasoline is its ability to maintain its properties regardless of the environment.
Evaporation
Determines the ability of gasoline to change from liquid to gaseous state and mix with air to form combustible mixture. Evaporation affects the starting of the engine and depends on the fractional composition of gasoline.
Detonation properties
The ability of gasoline not to ignite when compressed. The phenomenon of detonation is not the most pleasant and harmless, as it can lead to overheating of the engine and its failure. This parameter depends not only on the composition of the fuel, but also on the design of the motor.
Soot formation
The resins present in the composition of gasoline cause the formation of soot. Most often, it is deposited on the carburetor, which leads to an increase in fuel consumption, a decrease in power and other malfunctions. Deposits can be prevented by adding special additives.
Brands of gasoline
Fuel is marked depending on its octane number: the higher it is, the greater the resistance of the fuel to detonation, respectively, it can be used in engines that differ a high degree compression fuel mixture. Eg:
- Gasoline A-76 - octane rating according to motor method not less than 76.
- Grade 80 gasoline - an octane rating of at least 80.
- Gasoline grade 92 - octane rating of at least 92.
- Gasoline AI-95 - octane number, respectively, not less than 95.
Automobile gasoline is marked with the letter "A", aviation - with the letter "B", the numbers, respectively, are its numerical index, or octane rating. If the index is preceded by the letter "I", then the octane number was measured in a research way. The absence of a letter indicates the use of the motor method.
The practical use of gasoline depends on its main property - resistance to detonation. The octane number expresses given parameter for motor gasoline. For aviation fuel, its grade is a reflection of anti-knock properties.
Brands of motor gasolines are classified according to this property. For aviation gasoline, after the letter "B" - for example, B / -100/130 - the octane number is indicated, where the fuel grade acts as a denominator. To increase the resistance of gasoline to detonation, you can add special additives to its composition - tetraethyl lead.
Fuel marking
To date, several grades of gasoline of different grades are produced in the CIS countries: summer, winter, leaded, unleaded and low-leaded.
Leaded gasoline grades are colored in different shades, for example, A-72 Pink colour, AI-93 - red-orange, AI-98 - blue.
In foreign countries, gasoline is produced in two main brands: "Premium" of the first grade with an octane rating of 97-98 and "Regular" of the second grade with an octane rating of 90-94. In the USA, England and some other countries of the world, "Super" fuel is produced, the octane number of which is 99-102.
The question of which brand of gasoline is better cannot be answered unambiguously: a certain grade of gasoline is used for each car. For imported cars the manufacturer recommends using fuel with an octane rating of at least 91-92 for cars manufactured in the 90s - with an octane rating of at least 94.
The characteristics of gasoline, the brand of gasoline and its quality are determined by the content of alkalis, acids, sulfur and organic compounds and the degree of pollution. Often at the gas stations of the CIS countries, one can encounter low-quality fuel, the use of which can lead to premature wear and engine failure.
Modern internal combustion engines require strict adherence to the manufacturer's recommendations regarding the fuel used: only the gasoline whose brand is indicated by the manufacturer is poured power unit. This is due to the fuel mixture, engine design and cylinder displacement. For example, than more compression and the volume of the combustion chamber, the higher the octane number of the fuel. One part of twenty-five hundredths of compression accounts for, according to the designers, a unit of octane number.
