9000 rpm
They say it's the most cool car in history Lexus. And that his successor is obliged to jump through the roof, so as not to shame the legacy. They say that the sound of his motor can be listened to instead of music and instantly recognized even from a kilometer away. These enthusiastic fan epithets are about the LFA, the first full-fledged supercar from Lexus.
Dynamics Lexus LFA maybe not the most outstanding: acceleration to 100 km / h in 3.7 seconds, maximum speed- 326 km / h. But the car for its short life set a lot of records on the tracks (for example, at the Nurburgring) and "tacked" a lot of eminent rivals in drag battles. But the bright life of the LFA was short: in two years only 500 cars were made. No wonder fans are so excited for the sequel...
The car was built according to familiar canons: more aluminum (35%), more carbon (65%) ... But the hand-assembled engine turned out to be unique. Co-designed with Yamaha, the 4.8-liter V10, with its unusual 72-degree camber angle, was smaller than a conventional V8 and weighed less than a typical V6. Forged pistons, titanium connecting rods, valves and muffler, separate throttle for each cylinder, 560 hp. - and the "ceiling" at 9000 rpm! Moreover, Japanese engineers also separately tuned the “voice” of the engine so that it was like that of Formula 1 cars. And it turned out: at high speeds, the LFA screams in a purely formulaic way!
Porsche 911 (991) GT3
Porsche 918 Spyder
9000 rpm
9150 rpm
IN big family Porsche, you will find several models whose engines seem to be about to go haywire from their own speed. The first is the 911 (991) GT3, produced since 2013. The six-cylinder boxer with a volume of 3.8 liters produces 475 hp. and spins up to 9000 rpm - thanks to almost weightless titanium connecting rods and forged pistons. Just because of the low-quality bolts of these very connecting rods, 785 cars fell under the revocable company. But every cloud has a silver lining: the company did not bother with replacing bolts - and simply put new engines on sports cars!
From November 2013 to June 2015, Porsche produced 918 Spyders in an edition of 918 units, each costing under a million euros. But, as you understand, the company had no problems with sales.
The second model, called the 918 Spyder, is already hybrid, three-engine and even crazier. The "heart" of the most-very Porsche in history is a 4.6-liter naturally aspirated V8 with a return of 608 Horse power and "cut-off" at 9150 rpm! And each axle here additionally turns its own electric motor. In total, it turned out 887 hp. and 1280 Nm of thrust (this is more than the more powerful LaFerrari), acceleration to 100 km / h in 2.5 seconds and a top speed of 351 km / h. Well, then - a minute of irresistible boasting: we managed to test the potential of this monster ourselves! you can read the text version of the test drive, and below we have posted the AutoVesti video for TV.
Ferrari LaFerrari
9250 rpm
The already legendary LaFerrari definitely deserves the title of the craziest Ferrari. The most powerful. The most advanced. And the very first hybrid model in the history of the company. From such blasphemy (exchange power clean energy atmospheric ICE on a cross between a goddess and an electric golf cart!) himself Enzo Ferrari probably rolled over in his grave. And at the same time, LaFerrari combined the difficult to combine.
Only 499 lucky people were able to buy a LaFerrari, paying over a million dollars for it.
Almost entirely molded from carbon fiber and equipped with carbon-ceramic brakes, it turned out to be airy light - only 1.2 tons of dry weight. active aerodynamics, active suspension, active rear "diff" ... And more than an active 800-horsepower motor that can spin up to 9250 rpm. But this is not some kind of motor with a cam, but a hefty atmospheric V12 with a volume of 6.2 liters! Plus a 163-horsepower electric motor built into the 7-speed "robot". At the output - 350 km / h "maximum speed" and acceleration to 100 km / h in about 2.5 seconds. And the LaFerrari not only drives crazy, it still sounds as crazy as a Ferrari should. If old Enzo had listened and tried, he would have forgiven and become proud...
10,000 rpm
Honda ate the dog on "twisting" motors - thanks to their motorcycle heritage! Many of you probably remember the crazy S2000 roadster with a 2-liter naturally aspirated engine that produced 240 hp. and spinning up to almost 9000 rpm. But who remembers the ideological ancestor of this machine?
The Honda S800 was produced from 1966 to 1970, making 11,536 units.
His name was S800. Lightweight, sleek and sporty two-seat roadster or coupe. Four cylinders, a working volume of only 0.8 liters. The motor gave out only 70 hp, but firstly, with it, the S800 became the first Honda, which accelerated to 160 km / h. And at that time it was the world's fastest production car with an engine up to 1 liter. And the engine itself accelerated to 10,000 rpm, and even with such a sound! It's funny that at the same time, the early S800s still combined very advanced in those years independent suspension in a circle - and chain drive rear drive wheels. Also a motorcycle heritage ...
Usage: electric drive for various purposes. Essence of the invention: the rotor is made in the form of a pre-assembled and balanced unit, it contains permanent magnets, the central parts of the ends of which are connected by means of plates with a bushing. EFFECT: simplified design and weight reduction. 2 ill.
The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to drives with an electric motor. Brushless asynchronous three-phase electric motors with a squirrel-cage rotor are widely known and most common. An asynchronous electric motor is excited by alternating current, which, as a rule, is supplied to the electric motor from the network alternating current having an industrial frequency of 50 Hz. Known AC motor containing a stator with a winding, a rotor with a short-circuited winding, made in the form of a squirrel cage, and a shaft with bearings (see ed. St. USSR N 1053229, class H 02 K 17/00, 1983). For speed control asynchronous motor with a phase rotor, devices containing a direct-coupled frequency converter in the rotor circuit can be used. These devices have significant dimensions and weight. The closest analogue of the invention is an electric motor containing a rotor rotating around an axis and a stator mounted coaxially with the rotor. Several bipolar poles are placed along the circumference of the rotor and stator. The poles of the rotor are located inside, and the stator - outside the circle concentric with the axis of the rotor and lying in a plane perpendicular to this axis. A block connected to one of the pole groups controls the power supply to it to selectively magnetize the poles and create a rotating magnetic field. Each of the poles of the rotor has a magnetic core of E-shaped cross section, and the plane of the cross section is perpendicular to the plane of the circle on which the poles are placed. The open part of the cores faces this circle and has one central and two outer protrusions. At each pole of the rotor, at least one coil is wound around a central boss, connected to a control box to create a rotating magnetic field. This motor does not allow you to get high speeds and is difficult to manufacture, since it is difficult to balance it and perform electronic device control unit to create a rotating magnetic field. The aim of the invention is to create a high-speed engine with revolutions up to 50,000 per minute, having simple design and low weight. The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the rotor is made in the form of a pre-mounted and balanced assembly, including a bushing and at least two permanent magnet, the central parts of the ends of which are connected by means of plates with a bushing, the latter is pressed onto the power take-off shaft, while adjacent magnets are oppositely magnetized and their longitudinal size is greater than the inner radius of the stator, and the electronic device is made in the form of series-connected diode bridge, filter and thyristor converter. Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a high-speed motor; figure 2 - transverse section A-A in Fig.1. A high-speed electric motor contains: a stator 1 with windings 2, a rotor 3 mounted in bearing supports 4, a power take-off shaft 5 with a bushing 6 pressed on it, connected by means of plates 7 with central parts ends of permanent magnets 8, located with a gap relative to the stator 1, and adjacent magnets are oppositely magnetized and their longitudinal size is greater than the inner radius of the stator, and the electronic device for creating a rotating magnetic field (not shown) is made in the form of a diode bridge connected in series (type D -245 or D-246), filter (RC type) and thyristor converter. The gap between stator 1 and rotor 3 is about 2 mm, an increase in the gap leads to a loss of power. It is desirable to use ceramic-based magnets 8, which avoids the appearance of dust and increases the service life. The magnets 8 can be made in the form of strips bent along cylindrical generatrices (as shown in Fig. 2), and the cross section can be round or rectangular. To ensure the operation of the electric motor at a speed of 50,000 per minute, the rotor 3 is pre-mounted and balanced by drilling its elements or installing balancing weights (not shown), which avoids vibration during operation and destruction of the bearing supports 4, and also ensures the constancy of the gap between the stator 1 and rotor 3. Suggested high-speed electric motor works as follows. The current in the windings 2 of the stator 1 is supplied from the AC network through a diode bridge, a filter and a thyristor converter connected in series, which allows you to create a rotating magnetic field and regulate angular velocity(revolutions) of the rotor 3 of the electric motor due to the interaction of the magnetic fields of the stator 1 and the magnets 8 of the rotor 3, while the adjacent magnets 8 are oppositely magnetized in the rotor 3.
Claim
A high-speed electric motor containing a rotor rotating around an axis and a stator installed coaxially with the rotor, an electronic device for creating a rotating magnetic field connected to a current source, and a power take-off shaft installed in the bearing supports of the stator housing, characterized in that the rotor is made in the form of a mounted and balanced unit, including a bushing and at least two permanent magnets evenly spaced in cross section, the central parts of the ends of which are connected by means of plates to the bushing, the latter is pressed onto the power take-off shaft, while adjacent magnets are oppositely magnetized and their longitudinal size is greater than the inner radius stator, and the electronic device is made in the form of a diode bridge, a filter and a thyristor converter connected in series.
Cars with the most high speed motors in the world. These 25 models of cars are in no way inferior to motorcycles in one very peculiar parameter - rotational speed. crankshaft engine on maximum speed. What are these cars that guarantee high speeds and great sound? Yes, here they are:
Mazda MX-5
The MX-5 engine revs to breakneck speeds. True, it should be borne in mind that among competitors it is the least nimble.
131 l. With. at 7.000 rpm. Mazda engine MX-5 - (4-cylinder series, 1496 cc, 131 hp).
Lotus Evora
V6, 3.456 cc cm, 436 l. s.- 7.000 rpm. Lotus is known for high speed engines, not in last turn because of the company's history of participating in Formula 1 racing.
RenaultClio
Renault Clio 16V Gordini R. S. (four-cylinder in-line, 1998 cc and 201 hp). The little Frenchie makes 7.100 rpm.
Porsche 911
Carrera S (991.1, six-cylinder boxer, 3,800 cc, 400 hp). The noble athlete can rotate the crankshaft a maximum of 7,400 times per minute.
Even the 3.4-liter engine in the Cayman R (6-cylinder boxer, 3.436 cc, 330 hp) reached the 7400 rpm bar.
McLaren
The twin-turbo V8 under the hood of the 570 S Spider (V8-Biturbo, 3,700 cc, 570 hp) spins up to 7,500 rpm.
Ferrari 488
8,000 rpm in a Ferrari 488 GTB sports car (V8, 3,902 cc, 670 hp).
bmwM5
(body E60, V10, 4.999 cc, 507 hp). At 8,250 rpm, it creates an incredibly pleasant sound, addictive and full-bodied.
Audi RS5
RS5 S-Tronic (V8, 4.163 cc, 450 hp). The high-speed "RS5" series motors provide a whopping 8,250 revolutions.
FordMustang
IN technical passport Shelby GT 350 (V8, 5.163 cc, 533 hp) stands at a dizzying 8.250 rpm!
Lamborghini
The bull's heartbeat is frequent! (V10, 5.204 cc, 610 hp) spins up to 8.250 rpm.
BMW M3
Drivelogic (V8, 3.999 cc, 420 hp). An engine built more than five years ago creates a significant 8.300 rpm.
HondaCivic
Type R (FK 2, in-line four-cylinder, 1.996 cc, 310 hp). Rotates up to 8600 rpm. One of the most high performance in your class
AudiR8
Audi R8 V10 of the first generation (V10, 5.204 cc, 550 hp). The 5.2-liter engine revs up to 8,700 rpm. The successor was able to master "only" 8.500 revolutions.
Porsche 911
Porsche 911 GT3 RS (991st model, 6-cylinder boxer engine, 3.996 cc, 500 hp): 8.800 rpm makes it the real king of speed.
Ferrari
Ferrari F12TDF (V12, 6.262 cc, 780 hp). Its 6.3-liter V12 spins at an incredible 8,900 rpm. The technique left the race and moved into mass production.
HondaS2000
(4-cylinder in-line, 1.997 cc, 241 hp). The first generation was spinning like a Ferrari - 8.900 rpm. Since 2004 year Honda reduced the speed to 8.200 rpm.
Ferrari 458
(V8, 4.497 cc, 605 hp). The Italian with a capacity of 605 horsepower and its 4.5-liter "eight" is capable of accelerating to 9,000 rpm!
Lexus
Lexus LFA (V10, 4.805 cc, 560 hp). Again, the technique came from racing, which means the Japanese will be able to surprise 9 thousand rpm.
MazdaRX-8
Another one in the Nine Thousand League. Mazda RX-8 rotary piston motor, 2 x 654 cu. cm, 231 l. s.) - a real exotic in the world of racing. Flexible and strong enough. And what a sound!
Porsche 911
Porsche 911 GT3 (991.1, six-cylinder boxer, 3,799 cc, 475 hp): The 3.8-liter boxer produces 9,050 rpm exactly. So he opens the Top 5.
Porsche 918Spyder
Once again Porsche, this time 918 Spyder (V8 + electric motor, 4.593 cc, 887 hp - general power). Gas engine accelerates to 9.150 rpm. The electric motor spins faster...
FerrariLaFerrari
Same concept as the Porsche 918 Spyder, but Ferrari puts it in the LaFerrari (V12 + "E" - engine. 6.262 cc, total power 963 hp). Its 6.3-liter V12 spins up to 9.250 times per minute.
Classic from Honda
If a motorcyclist builds a roadster, then he will put engines with a top bar up to 9.500 rpm from a motorcycle under the hood of such a car. Model S 800 (inline-four, 791 cc, 67.2 hp) became the ticket to Europe for Honda /
Ariel Atom
Atom 500 (V8, 3.000 cc, 476 hp). It also has an engine that actually has motorcycle roots. The unit makes up to 10.500 revolutions per minute!
When grinding small diameter holes, it takes a lot of high speeds rotation of the grinding spindles. So, when grinding holes with a diameter of 5 mm on a wheel with a diameter of 3 mm at a speed of only 30 m / s, the spindle must have a rotation speed of 200,000 rpm.
The use of belt drives to increase the speed is limited to the maximum allowable speeds belt. Belt-driven spindle speeds typically do not exceed 10,000 rpm, and the belts slip, fail quickly (after 150-300 hours) and create vibrations during operation.
High-speed pneumatic turbines are also not always suitable due to the very significant softness of their mechanical characteristics.
The problem of creating high-speed spindles has special meaning for production ball bearings where high quality internal and groove grinding is required. In this regard, numerous models of so-called electrospindles with rotation speeds of 12,000-50,000 rpm and more are used in the machine tool and ball bearing industries.
The electrospindle (fig. 1) is a grinding spindle with three bearings and an integrated squirrel-cage high-frequency motor. The motor rotor is placed between two spores at the end of the spindle opposite the grinding wheel.
Less commonly used designs with two or four supports. In the latter case, the motor shaft is connected to the spindle by means of a clutch.
The motor stator of the electrospindle is assembled from electrotechnical sheet steel. It has a bipolar winding. The motor rotor at rotation speeds up to 30-50 thousand rpm is also recruited from sheet steel and is supplied with a conventional short-circuited winding. Rotor diameter tends to be as small as possible.
At speeds greater than 50,000 rpm, due to significant steel losses, the stator is provided with a jacket with running water cooling. The rotors of engines designed to operate at such speeds are made in the form of a solid steel cylinder.
Of particular importance for the operation of electrospindles is the choice of the type of bearings. At rotation speeds up to -50,000 rpm, high-precision ball bearings are used. Such bearings must have a maximum clearance not exceeding 30 microns, which is achieved by proper assembly. The bearings are preloaded with calibrated springs. The calibration of preload springs for ball bearings and the selection of their fit must be given great attention.
At rotation speeds greater than 50,000 rpm, plain bearings work satisfactorily when they are intensively cooled by flowing oil supplied by a special pump. Sometimes the lubricant is supplied in a sprayed state.
High-frequency electrospindles for 100,000 rpm were also built on aerodynamic bearings (air-lubricated bearings).
In the production of high-frequency electric motors, very precise manufacturing is required. individual parts, dynamic balancing rotor, precise assembly and ensuring a strict uniformity of the gap between the stator and the rotor.
In connection with the above, the manufacture of electrospindles is carried out according to special technical conditions.
Fig.1. High frequency grinding electrospindle.
Coefficient useful action high-frequency motors are relatively small. This is due to the presence of increased losses in steel and friction losses in bearings.
The dimensions and weight of high-frequency motors are relatively small.
Rice. 2. Modern high frequency electrospindle
The use of electric spindles instead of belt-driven drives in the production of ball bearings increases labor productivity when working on internal grinding machines by at least 15-20%, sharply reduces rejection in taper, ovality and surface finish. The durability of grinding spindles increases by 5-10 times or more.
Of great interest is also the use of high-speed spindles when drilling holes with a diameter of less than 1 mm.
The frequency of the current supplying the high-frequency motor is selected depending on the required rotation speed n of the motor according to the formula
since p = 1.
So, at speeds of rotation of electrospindles of 12,000 and 120,000 rpm, frequencies of 200 and 2000 Hz are required, respectively.
To power high-frequency motors, special high-frequency generators were previously used. Now, for these purposes, static frequency converters on high-speed field-effect transistors are used.
On fig. 3 shows a three-phase current synchronous induction generator domestic production(type GIS-1). As can be seen from the drawing, the stator of such a generator has wide and narrow grooves. The excitation winding, the coils of which are placed in the wide slots of the stator, is fed direct current. The magnetic field of these coils is closed through the teeth of the stator and the protrusions of the rotor, as shown in Fig. 3 dotted.
Rice. 3. High frequency induction current generator.
When the rotor rotates, the magnetic field, moving along with the protrusions of the rotor, crosses the turns of the alternating current winding placed in the narrow grooves of the stator, and induces a variable e in them. d.s. The frequency of this e. d.s. depends on the speed of rotation and the number of protrusions of the rotor. electromotive forces, induced by the same flux in the coils of the excitation winding, are mutually compensated due to the counter-connection of the coils.
The excitation winding is powered through a selenium rectifier connected to the AC mains. Both the stator and the rotor have magnetic cores made of sheet steel.
Generators of the described design are manufactured for rated power of 1.5; 3 and 6 kW and at frequencies of 400, 600, 800 and 1200 Hz. The rated rotation speed of synchronous generators is 3000 rpm.
When it comes to electric motors, there is no linear relationship between power, speed and voltage. Consider in which industries they use and how high-voltage electric motors, motors with high speed as well as engines with high power.
Different types of high voltage electric motors
High voltage motors are synchronous and asynchronous motors with a voltage of 3000, 6000, 6300, 6600 and 10000 V. Basically, these electric motors are used in industry: metallurgical, mining, machine tool building, chemical industries. Such electric motors are used in installations, smoke exhausters, mills, mills, screens, fans, etc.
Three-phase motors are designed to operate on alternating current with a frequency of 50 (60) Hz. To provide reliable operation use a stator winding of the "Monolith" or "Monolith-2" type with a heat resistance class of at least "B". The body of the electric motors is reinforced, which in turn reduces sound and vibration levels. Specific material consumption and energy performance are in the optimal ratio. High-voltage electric motors are also characterized by increased wear resistance.
The following electric motors are intended for the drive:
- mechanisms that do not require speed control - series A4, A4 12 and 13, DAZO4, DAZO4-12, DAZO4-13, AOD, AOVM, AOM, DAV;
- mechanisms with difficult starting conditions - series 2AOD;
- vertical hydraulic pumps- DVAN series.
High-speed electric motors and their features
Unlike high-voltage electric motors, high-speed ones are motors whose number of revolutions is 50 rpm or 3000 rpm. They have less weight, dimensions and even cost than slower counterparts of the same power.
To use engines with a frequency of up to 9000 rpm, it is necessary to use a mechanism with a large gear ratio, in particular, the wave transmission mechanism. It is simple, high reliability, accuracy and compactness.
The scope of high-speed engines is very wide. This includes electric motors for a hand-held engraver, and for a drill drill, and motors for the automotive and aviation industries.
Powerful electric motors
Ordinary three-phase electric motors rated power ranges from 120 W-315 kW. However, as practice shows, more powerful electric motor, the greater the height of the axis of the shaft. Therefore, it is customary to consider electric motors larger than 11 kW as powerful. The areas of application are also quite wide. In particular, crane and metallurgical. Electric motors high power also used in pumping units.
