Sign 1.13 "Steep descent"
Road sign 1.13 shows the slope of the road in the form of a black triangle, above which the angle of inclination is indicated as a percentage. Immediately it is worth clarifying that the unit of measurement for angles is degrees, not percentages! So what are the percentages indicated on road signs steep descent and steep ascent? A slope of 45 degrees should be considered as 100%, and the tangent of 45 degrees is 1. If the road slope is 7 degrees, then the tangent of 7 degrees is 0.12, which is why 12% is written on the sign. The second question is why complicate things so much? It turns out that the tangent of the angle of inclination is equal to the coefficient of adhesion with pavement. For example, the coefficient of adhesion of the wheels of a car with wet ice is less than 0.1. If you see 10% downhill, then you must understand that no driving experience, no studded tires and even a headwind will not help you slow down on such a descent! Even if you park the car on such a descent on dry pavement, after which water will flow down the descent, and then it will start to freeze, the car can roll down such a descent!
If you think this is absurd, then watch a lot of videos of cars rolling down on ice...
First of all, when you see this road sign, the driver should slow down and prepare for the descent.
It is worth understanding and remembering:
1) From weather conditions changing grip.
2) Grip with wet ice is less than 0.1, which means that descents and ascents with signs on which more than 10% can be extremely dangerous and insurmountable.
3) On long descents, the most effective braking is engine braking! The steeper the slope, the lower the gear should be.
4) When going downhill, drivers are uphill (on oncoming lane) have an advantage and you must give way to him if he enters your lane! According to paragraph 11.7 of the rules, when passing on a descent is difficult, you must give way to vehicles moving uphill.
When signs for a steep descent or a steep ascent indicate a small percentage, many consider it superfluous. This is wrong! It often happens that in conditions of poor visibility (night, fog, snowfall ...) the driver simply does not notice small but long descents or ascents.
Sign 1.13 is set
In the locality: at a distance of 50-100 meters before the start of the descent.
Outside the village: at a distance of 150-300 meters before the start of the descent.
Outside the village given sign can be installed together with signs:
8.1.1 - "Distance to the object".
Specifies the distance from the sign to the start dangerous area, V this case down a steep descent.
8.2.1 - "Scope".
Indicates the length of the dangerous section of the road, in this case a steep start.
1.14 - "Steep Climb"
If, after a steep descent, a steep ascent immediately begins, then the sign 1.14 is set directly at the beginning of the ascent.
Road sign 1.13 "Steep descent" warns that there is a steep descent ahead.
To distinguish this sign from the sign "Steep climb" you need to use your left hand. Substitute the left palm to the inclined line above which the percentages are drawn. If the fingers of the palm look down, then there is a steep descent ahead, if up, then a steep ascent.
Of course, you can visually determine where the descent is and where the ascent is. But not always. From personal experience I will say that this sign is very useful during heavy snow rain, or when the fog is so dense that you can't even see the tip of the hood. Then you don’t orient yourself on the road at all and you get the feeling that you are driving across the field without ups and downs. And only road signs can really help.
There is a small feature on the descent, which is better to mention right away. Pay attention to the image.
Let's say you are the driver of a car that is moving down a mountain. Ahead you see an oncoming car, and you also notice that there is a small landslide in the oncoming lane, through which the oncoming car will not pass, it will have to drive into your lane. So here it is uphill driver has priority and you must give way to him, because he is driving uphill.
Warning signs 1.13, 1.14 outside settlements are installed at a distance of 150 - 300 m, settlements- at a distance of 50 - 100 m before the beginning of the dangerous section. If necessary, signs can be installed at a different distance, which in this case is indicated on the plate.
Signs 1.13 and 1.14 can be installed without plate 8.1.1 immediately before the start of the descent or ascent, if the descents and ascents follow one another.
If this information was useful to you, please write about it in the comments. If you have any questions, write, we will definitely try to help you.
- steep descent and steep ascent signs
- steep descent
- sign 1 13
- steep descent sign
A road with a steep slope is a danger to safe driving. The driver needs to control the speed, namely to reduce and keep the distance to the nearest car.
The situation can be aggravated during rain and ice. If the driver does not ignore the instructions of road signs, he may end up in a ditch or run into other participants traffic.
A hard braking can lead to an uncontrolled skid, after which the driver may find himself in the oncoming lane.
In this article:
Road sign requirement 1.13
Sign 1.13 steep descent makes it clear to the driver that the car may behave differently on the descent, namely, roll spontaneously.
Therefore, the driver must be vigilant, control speed mode, because on the descent braking distances will be increased.
On any slope, the car may roll if the driver does not use parking brake or transmission of a checkpoint for parking the car.
It will be relevant to use engine braking when passing a steep descent, this will reduce the effort on brake discs and wear process.
Please note that if there is a malfunction brake system position on steep descent could be catastrophic. Therefore, you need to choose the lowest possible gear and low speed, or if it is possible to bypass this section of the road.
It’s not worth risking in ice at all if you are not confident in road grip winter tires and the performance of the brake system, since it will not be possible to stop the car on a steep descent.
Rules for installing a sign 1.13
The sign "Steep descent" has its own installation features.
in the city or rural settlement the location of sign 1.13 will be at a distance of 50-100 meters before the start of the descent, and outside the city at a distance of 150-300 meters. If a different distance is used, it must be indicated on plate 8.1.1.
In accordance with the provisions of GOST, the sign is installed if there is the following characteristics roads:
- if present insufficient visibility a car in front, which may unexpectedly be in front when approaching a downhill;
- the length of the road section on which the downward deviation percentage is measured is taken into account;
- and of course the standing ability vehicle, spontaneously slide down.
Depending on the slope angle, sign 1.13 contains information on the slope percentage. Accordingly, the higher the slope, the less speed need to choose the driver for safe driving.
If the descents and ascents are periodic, for example, in mountainous areas, then it is allowed to install a road sign immediately before they begin.
Liability for violation of the sign 1.13
As such, there is no penalty for violating sign 1.13. However, the descent is difficult area roads, for drivers of both directions. Accordingly, if there is a detour ahead of the descent, the driver moving in the oncoming lane has an advantage in the passage.
For violation of the preferential passage by another driver, the offender may be fined 500 rubles, or a written warning under Part 3 of Art. 12.14 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
Also on the downhill section due to driver inattention or poor visibility road markings, the driver may be in the oncoming lane.
In this case, liability arises in the form of a fine of 1000-1500 rubles under Part 3 of Art. 12.16 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation or 5,000 rubles, or deprivation of rights for 4-6 months under Part 4 of Art. 12.16 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
One of the difficult sections of the road that drivers have to deal with is steep descents and ascents. Driving in similar conditions a rather dangerous and difficult test not only for a beginner, but also for experienced driver. To overcome steep descents and ascents, attention, endurance, and sometimes physical training are required, and one should not forget about the technical knowledge of driving in extreme conditions.
The moment the car passes through such difficult sections as steep descents and ascents, it is accompanied by increased driver stress, because at this time he needs to monitor the speed of the vehicle, its trajectory, as well as the condition of the roadway.
It will be easier for the driver to overcome such dangerous sections, owning a certain driving technique. But about what techniques when driving on steep descents and ascents are more often used in practice, we will talk below.
On steep slopes
What should a driver do when driving on a steep descent? The first rule is to pass this section of the road very carefully, do not rush, do not jerk or wag the steering wheel.
The second rule is to prevent the wheels from slipping, the so-called "skid", this is very dangerous. the driver may lose control.
Thirdly, it is necessary to overcome steep descents with the wheels located along the line of motion of the car, the gear must be constant and switched on in advance, before starting to pass a dangerous section of the road. If the angle of descent allows you not to use the brake pedal, then it is better not to touch it, but in general it is better to brake with the engine, while driving on low gear. To do this, before starting the descent, the driver must select the most optimal transmission, in which you do not have to resort to braking, which will avoid slipping tires.
In order to choose the “correct” gear, it is necessary to take into account the condition of the road and the technical potential of the machine. It is very important not to lose sight of the pits, potholes, potholes and ditches “hidden” from the driver.
When overcoming a steep descent, it is strictly forbidden to use neutral gear and turn off the ignition.
If there was an equally steep climb before the steep descent, then the gear in which both obstacles are overcome should be the same.
If the vehicle stops on a steep descent to prevent arbitrary movement of the car, the wheels are directed towards the curb or rest against another reliable support (stone, other obstacle or hill), and the car is put on the handbrake.
steep climbs
In the warm season, overcoming steep climbs does not cause much difficulty, but as soon as the first frosts come, it becomes impossible even for an experienced driver to drive up a small but steep and slippery hill. The danger of the maneuver lies in the length of the rise, its steepness and the roughness of the road. In addition, drivers who go to a meeting do not see a car making a maneuver, and in the event of an emergency, an accident may occur. The main rule when overcoming a steep climb is not to add gas and do not turn the steering wheel.
Here I would also like to note that when passing short climbs, you can maneuver in any gear and from acceleration, and for passing a steep, long climb, there is a developed tactic:
- the movement of the wheels should be similar to the trajectory of the vehicle;
- sharp movement of the steering wheel and slippage are not allowed;
- climbing is carried out only in a low gear, the choice of which is determined taking into account the mass of the vehicle and the steepness of the climb;
- changing gear during a maneuver is undesirable.
Experienced drivers can overcome a steep climb by accelerating to a certain speed in front of it, and just before it starts, the gas is released, they do it very smoothly, as if stretching the speed to the end of the climb. On steeper slopes, the speed will decrease faster.
At the moment of overcoming the top of the hill, the speed remains at a minimum, so the driver must continue driving by selecting optimal speed, which would allow him to brake if necessary. This is especially true for maneuvers carried out on narrow road and with the available counter flow.
Slipping on a slope or uphill
When driving steep descents (ascents) on unpaved, other “soft” roads, or if the roadway is in poor condition, the vehicle may simply get stuck. If the car, while performing a maneuver to overcome a long steep descent or ascent, stalled, the first thing you can try is to rock the car, if it doesn’t help, we try to improve the grip of the tires on the road by placing boards, branches, etc. under the driving wheels of the car. The third thing you can try is to dig out a stuck wheel. If the car "sat on its belly", then, alas, one cannot do without the help of another vehicle.
So, if everything is not so bad, and you yourself are trying to get out by swinging the car (do not forget that the car is on a slope), then the presence in your car mechanical box gears, will make this task easier for you, because not all “machines” can easily carry out an operation of this kind. Of course, modern "machines" can allow you to rock the car, but still not to such an extent that you can freely get out of the "trap" because. swing amplitude is insufficient for effective forcing of the obstacle.
When swinging, it is necessary to turn on the gear depending on the slope and direction of the car: if you are stuck when driving uphill, then you need to swing, including first gear, if on the descent, then reverse.
Machine buildup algorithm:
- We squeeze the clutch, turn on the first (or reverse) gear, smoothly release the clutch and at the same time squeeze the gas pedal, drive until the wheels hit an obstacle.
- "Catch" the moment when the car starts to slip, squeeze the clutch and let the car roll back.
- We “accelerate” again due to the freed up space, squeeze the clutch and try to drive a greater distance than in the first attempt to build up again to the stop.
- We squeeze the clutch, roll back and repeat until the amplitude allows the wheel to “roll out”
Have you already paid attention to the warning road signs indicating the steepness of the descent or ascent, and you may have asked yourself the question - and, for example, 12% is how much? And why not indicate the steepness of the slope in degrees?
On signs 1.13 (Steep descent) and 1.14 ( Steep climb) denotes the tangent of the slope, expressed as a percentage. To understand clearly what it is, let's recall the geometry. So, lean your ski pole at an angle against the wall in front of a bright lamp. You will see two shadows - one on the wall, the other on the floor. These are projections, respectively, on the vertical and horizontal planes. The shadow on the wall is called "sine", the one on the floor is called "cosine". The closer to the wall you move the bottom of the stick, the shorter the “cosine” will be. On the contrary, moving the bottom of the stick away from the wall, you will see that the "sine" is getting smaller, and the "cosine" is getting larger. The ratio of sine to cosine is called tangent. If you set the stick at a 45 degree angle from the floor, the sine and cosine will be exactly the same. In this case, the tangent will be 1. Or, as your teachers said, the tangent of 45 degrees is 1. If we look at the side of the road, in the place where it has a slope, we will see that the angle of this slope is within 8 degrees from horizon. The height of the rise, or "sine", is much less than the length of the projection of the road on a horizontal plane - "cosine". Dividing the height of the lift by the length of the horizontal projection, we find that the tangent of the angle of such a slope does not exceed 0.12. It is convenient to express it as a percentage - for example, 12%. In this case, the tangent of an angle of 45 degrees is equal to 100%.
Now you can safely use this information. So, after driving 1 kilometer on a road with a gradient of 12%, you will ascend (or descend) 120 meters.(At such small slope angles, the length of the horizontal projection of the road can be considered equal to the length roads).
Out of curiosity, you can convert the slope angle back to degrees using the calculator on your cell phone, setting it to "scientific" mode, for example: TAN-1(0,12)=7 degrees. In some calculators: ATAN(0,12)=7. However, for motorists, this is not the main thing.
The ratio of two forces - the force required to move the car with locked wheels, and the force of gravity pressing the car to the road is called adhesion coefficient. So we can easily get the friction coefficients for dry asphalt - 7000/10000 = 0.7, for dirty road– 3000/10000 = 0.3, and for ice – 1000/10000 = 0.1. These values are approximately the same even if the machine is pulled sideways. Why do you need to know this?! Insufficient attention to the friction coefficient or its incorrect assessment is the main cause of accidents on the roads, especially in spring and autumn, when up to 70% of accidents occur because of this.
Turns out, the tangent of the angle of inclination is equal to the friction coefficient. For example, a car parked on a dry paved slope with a friction coefficient of 0.7 will begin to slide down if the tangent of the slope is 70% (This is a slope of about 35 degrees, it is unlikely that you will ever see such a slope.) But, apart from roads, there are streets of old cities, especially coastal ones, with slope angles that significantly exceed all kinds of standards.
So, when driving in wet weather down an asphalt slope with a steepness of 20%, the braking efficiency drops by half. And very often you have to move on wet ice with a friction coefficient of 0.1 or less. And this means that you must carefully follow the warning road signs 1.13 and 1.14. They are set when the slope angle approaches 10%. If you disregard these signs and stop on the ascent, you will best case- You won't be able to move. And if you slow down on the descent, the car can skid. Try to brake with the engine on long descents.
