The number of engine hours is one of the most important parameters of agricultural machinery, which indicates the working life of the engine, chassis and other important nodes unit. For many beginners, it is not easy to calculate this characteristic, and even more so to convert it into kilometers. In fact, there is nothing complicated about this - just follow a series of tips that will help you understand the essence of this important parameter.
Give an answer to the question: "What is the engine hours on a tractor?" quite simple if you understand how this important parameter is fixed. With the direct start of the motor, an electronic or mechanical counter begins to work, fixing and storing the speed of rotation of the motor shaft. For this, a special indicator is provided in the design of the counter. This simple device makes it possible to calculate the duration of the tractor for a certain period of time.
At the same time, the opinion that one hour of tractor operation is equal to one hour of time will be erroneous. Calculation of engine hours in kilometers is done taking into account revolutions per minute. Due to this given parameter may differ several times when the tractor is operating on Idling and under high loads.
How many hours in one hour?
Calculating the hours spent by the tractor helps to understand the degree of wear of the most important moving mechanisms unit.
The formula used for the calculation is extremely simple, and gives the tractor owner the following data:
- when operating an agricultural machine at idle, 1 hour is equal to one full hour of real time;
- with a normal load on the tractor, one hour is accelerated by about a third, thus making 40 minutes of real time;
- in case of operation of the unit under maximum loads, 1 hour is equal to 20 minutes of real time.
Using this information, even a novice farmer can easily convert engine hours into real-time clocks. At the same time, it should be remembered that final result conversion of engine hours to real time clock is always slightly different for gasoline engine and for diesel. The main reason for this is the higher power of the latter, which is why it spends a little less time on tasks.
Just as in the case of converting tractor hours into real-time clocks, beginners have difficulty converting hours into tractor kilometers traveled. In the second case, many more questions may arise, since it is almost impossible to accurately convert engine hours into kilometers - this can only be done relatively and approximately.
First of all, you need to remember that some manufacturers of agricultural machinery set almost identical conditions for calculating engine hours. In most cases, 50 of these units is equal to 5 kilometers traveled by the tractor under moderate loads. At the same time, if the tractor very often works under intense loads and regularly performs the functions of an assistant, both in the garden and in the adjacent territory, then the number of engine hours worked by it steadily grows upwards without significant changes in its mileage.
It is important to remember that each tractor consumes the motor resource embedded in its engine and other components in different ways. Find more accurate information about the features of the calculation of this important parameter can always be found in the operating instructions for the agricultural machine.
Memory can tell you more accurate data on hours worked and kilometers traveled on-board computer, however, this kind of device is provided exclusively in the most latest models tractors put on the market, and then only in large-sized units designed to work on vast territories.
Another important and no less common question is how to convert engine hours into machine hours. First of all, it should be clarified that it is almost impossible to do this, since engine hours and machine hours are essentially different concepts.
Motohour- this is a conditional value, which is determined taking into account the number of revolutions produced crankshaft tractor engine for a certain period of real time.
Machine hour- this is the amount of real time that had to be spent on the manufacture of a particular product. In the case of agricultural machinery, this parameter indicates the time spent on one or more actions - plowing the soil, harrowing, sowing seeds or planting tuber crops.
The calculation of machine hours, as a rule, is carried out by the authorized competent body of the agricultural enterprise. At the same time, the time spent on preparing the site, caring for the beds and transporting the crop is taken. The data obtained are summarized, after which the management receives data on the time that had to be spent on the implementation of the main agricultural work. Keeping such records allows the governing body to develop plans that will further help to reduce the time spent on growing their products.
It should be noted that the number of machine hours for gasoline and diesel engine always a little different. This is due to the fact that diesel engines have more power- this allows you to quickly perform certain agricultural work. This feature is one of the main reasons why most manufacturers agricultural machinery equip their units with diesel engines.
Often, machine hours become an explanation of how a tractor differs from a bulldozer. The fact is that the operation of the tractor, as a more maneuverable unit, gives the enterprise important advantage in the form of accelerated agricultural work. When using bulldozers, you have to spend much more time, which is why the latter are used in agriculture much less frequently.
Monitoring the performance of the tractor engine is important, since the duration and efficiency of its use depends on it. One of the very first devices that allows you to know the preliminary status power unit This is the hour sensor. It displays such important characteristic as an hour, with the help of which you can control the time of the full service life of the engine.
What is engine hours on a tractor - it’s easy enough to imagine if you understand how this parameter is fixed. At the moment of starting the engine, the mechanical or electronic counter, which begins to fix and memorize the shaft speed using special indicator. This device for determining the engine hours of tractors allows you to set the duration of its work for any period of time. But at the same time, the statement that 1 hour of the tractor is equal to one hour of real work time is erroneous.
The calculation is based on the number of revolutions per minute. Therefore, it can differ several times under load and at idle. It turns out that if you count the hours, you can find out the approximate degree of deterioration of the moving mechanical components of the power unit. The formula for calculating them is quite simple and is based on the number of revolutions:
- idling allows you to equate one hour to an hour of real time;
- a normal load "accelerates" the hour by about a third - 1Mh is approximately 40 minutes;
- intense load leads to "acceleration" of wear by two-thirds.
Such a scheme allows you to approximately clarify what the hour on the tractor is, depending on the degree of intensity of its use.
Why you need to count engine hours
Having figured out how to count engine hours on a tractor, now you can move on to the question of why these calculations are needed. First of all, the answer to this question lies in the features of the calculation process itself - it is based on the number of engine revolutions per minute. Considering that each movable mechanical joint has its own margin of safety indicated by the manufacturer, it is possible to calculate in advance the time of the planned Maintenance engine. At the same time, knowing how the engine hour meter works on a tractor, it is easy to do this accurately, based on the actual wear of the crankshaft, piston system and other components of the power plant.
Knowing the actual performance of the engine can easily convert hours to kilometers on a tractor on a case-by-case basis. There is a special average table that assumes that 1 m/h for wheeled tractors is 10 kilometers, for caterpillars - 5 kilometers. But for an accurate calculation, many factors should be taken into account, ranging from the speed of movement to the load on the engine. In addition, the design of the sensor allows you to wind the hours, turning any calculations into a useless exercise. Although today this is a rather rare occurrence, since the decision to “wind up” the counter is more related to the “Soviet era”. At that time, the hour was one of the indicators of the duration of work, and today it is a means of saving, monitoring fuel consumption and the performance of the power unit.
The issue of diesel consumption is the most basic when purchasing special equipment with internal combustion engines.
Any device must be initially put on balance. Fuel is written off according to the existing regulatory documents. However, for special equipment there are no clear indicators of consumption per 100 km. Manufacturers, on the contrary, set the consumption per unit of engine power.
To determine and accurately calculate the formula, you must clearly know all the necessary components:
- N is the engine power, measured in kW;
- t is the fuel consumption time, i.e. 1 hour;
- G- specific consumption machine fuel, g/kWh;
- % - the percentage of the machine's workload during operation;
- p is the fuel density. For a diesel engine, the density is constant and is 850 grams per liter.
Engine power is mainly determined by horsepower. In order to find out the power in kW, you need to look at the technical documents from the manufacturer.
Specific fuel consumption is a measure of information about the consumption of the engine at certain loads. Such data cannot be found in the technical documents, they must be specified when purchasing or from authorized dealers.
The main component in the calculation formula is the percentage of equipment workload. It refers to information about operation of the internal combustion engine on maximum speed. The percentage is indicated by the manufacturer for each type of transport. For example, for some loaders based on MTZ, out of all 100% of the working time, the engine will work at maximum speed for about 30%.
Let's get back to specific spending. It is expressed in relation to the fuel consumed per 1 unit of power. Thus, to calculate everything in theory, for the maximum value, you must use the formula Q=N*q. Where Q is the desired indicator of fuel consumption for 1 hour of operation, q is the specific fuel consumption and N is the power of the unit.
For example, there is data on engine power in kW: N = 75, q = 265. For one hour of operation, such a unit will consume almost 20 kg of solarium. With this calculation, it is worth remembering that the unit will not work directly at maximum speed throughout the entire time. Also, the calculation is carried out in liters, so in order not to translate everything according to the tables and not make mistakes in the following calculations, it is necessary to use an improved calculation formula Q = Nq / (1000 * R * k1).
In this formula, the desired result Q determines the fuel consumption in liters per hour of operation. k1 - is a coefficient indicating the operation of the engine at maximum speed crankshaft. R is a constant value corresponding to the fuel density. The rest of the indicators remain the same.
The coefficient of maximum engine operation is 2.3. Calculated using the formula 70% normal operation/ by 30% of work at higher speeds.
It is worth remembering that in practice, theoretical costs are always higher, since the engine runs at maximum speed only part of the time.
Calculation of fuel consumption of a walk-behind tractor
Many owners of summer cottages and not only they often wonder how it is possible to calculate the fuel consumption of a walk-behind tractor during a certain job.
It is possible to calculate the consumption of gasoline at a walk-behind tractor only during its direct operation. To do this, fill the fuel tank of the walk-behind tractor maximum level gasoline. Then you need to plow the land. Upon completion of plowing a certain area, it is necessary to measure the area of the plowed area. After that, calculate how much fuel was spent on plowing this area. Similarly for all other types of work (harvesting potatoes, mulching, mowing, etc.)
This case is calculated using electronic scales. A simple container with fuel is taken and its specific gravity is measured. Then taring is set on the balance. After that, you need to add gasoline to the tank to the previous level and the container with fuel must be reinstalled on the scales. Electronic scales will show the difference between canisters of fuel. This difference will be the final indicator of fuel consumption per area of land from which the work was carried out. Unlike the first case with special equipment, here fuel consumption is carried out in kilograms.
At the same time, it is worth remembering that the speed of the motor-cultivator should approximately be from 0.5 to 1 km per hour of work. Based on this, a general calculation of fuel consumption by the hour is made. According to the established standards, manufacturers of walk-behind tractors have data on the average fuel consumption per hour of work. For low-power walk-behind tractors with a power of 3.5 hp. consumption ranges from 0.9 to 1.5 kg per hour of work.
Motoblocks of medium power consume an average of 0.9 to 1 kg / h. The most powerful devices consume from 1.1 to 1.6 kg per hour.
Fuel consumption rates per hour for diesel engines
Consumption rates diesel fuel for special equipment are on average with a simple transport mode 5.5 liters for 1 hour of work. When excavating soils in the first or second degree, the consumption is reduced to 4.2 liters per 1 hour of work.
If additional loading or unloading of these soils is made, then for all excavators based on MTZ, the consumption will be equal to 4.6 liters per 1 hour of work.
ole 08-11-2006 19:32
My wife (she is an economist) boss (tyrant essno) came up with a new quirk - "motor hours". And a tyrant, because he himself has no idea what it is. But he wants the subject to be present in the accounting department. . Does anyone know what that is and how to calculate it? Or at least where to look? thanks to all.
I won't mind if you tell me by ace or soap ... thanks again to everyone.
Alex S 08-11-2006 20:13
You are talking at the moment.
In engine hours (I remember), the operating time was measured, for example, diesel generators, all sorts of pumps. In general, any worthwhile equipment. For moremans and rivermen, in my opinion, everything is in engine hours. (If anything, experts will correct)
ole 08-11-2006 20:53
exactly stationary equipment? like any ... and what is it?
ole 08-11-2006 21:09
don’t know where to find it on the net? Damn, I’ve covered everything .. :-((
Alex S 08-11-2006 21:22
Yes, of course, the topic is interesting for the owner of the company. How much gasoline is written off for the winter just like that. This is probably why he raised this issue.
Gruch 08-11-2006 21:33
Tractors also have maintenance in engine hours.
ZLOY GLB 08-11-2006 22:31
tractors, excavators are also in engine hours. In general, it refers to equipment that can spend a resource without increasing mileage. To somehow find out the degree of wear of equipment.
x32 08-11-2006 23:14
mtotochas - 1 hour of installation operation.
In engine hours, the resource of the installation is measured
ex: 2000 hours and that's all, 3.14zdets..
for 1 hour (hour of operation) the installation (or machine) can consume X liters of fuel and Y liters of oil.
Alex S 08-11-2006 23:20
Okay, that's just 2.7 months of work.
x32 08-11-2006 23:53
a highly accelerated engine can have a resource of 2-3 hours
gloomey 09-11-2006 10:18
Everything is as simple as bellowing: Motor hour - the hour of operation of the installation (bulzer, excavator, diesel generator) at the nominal speed (power) of the engine. Example: nameplate rated motor power XX kW(hp) at XXXX rpm. Thus, since the machine does not work at rated speed all the time (pushing the ground, digging), the hour does not correspond to the hour of using the machine, and, in fact, for an 8-hour shift, less than 8 hours of motor-hours are accumulated, even if the machine was not turned off. An exception may be diesel generators and welders, because. their "working" revolutions are just nominal. The number of hours worked is easy to find out by reading the hour meter located in the cab or on the engine. Usually this information is provided by district mechanics, is reflected in logbooks machines and is used to write off fuel and lubricants and determine the time for the passage of maintenance.
Alex S 09-11-2006 10:27
quote: Originally posted by x32:
a highly accelerated engine can have a resource of 2-3 hoursif this was a comment to my post
However, I'm not a mover. biologist i
gloomey 09-11-2006 10:45
A normal construction machine (read imported machine manufacturers of the first row) has a resource up to the first refurbishment usually is 10-17 thousand moto / hours, depending on the mode of use. All this crap and the procedure for calculating the cost of owning a car is usually described by the manufacturer in the Performance Book.
ole 09-11-2006 13:59
Huge respect GLOOMEY and X32 !!!
jaguar 09-11-2006 16:56
quote: Originally posted by gloomey:
Everything is as simple as bellowing: Motor hour - the hour of operation of the installation (bulzer, excavator, diesel generator) at the nominal speed (power) of the engine. Example: nameplate rated motor power XX kW(hp) at XXXX rpm. Thus, since the machine does not work at rated speed all the time (pushing the ground, digging), the hour does not correspond to the hour of using the machine, and, in fact, for an 8-hour shift, less than 8 hours of motor-hours are accumulated, even if the machine was not turned off. An exception may be diesel generators and welders, because. their "working" revolutions are just nominal. The number of hours worked is easy to find out by reading the hour meter located in the cab or on the engine. Typically, this information is provided by local mechanics, is reflected in the on-board logs of cars and is used to write off fuel and lubricants and determine the time for maintenance.
In my opinion, there is still the most common device that starts counting hours as soon as the engine is started. And at what speed the engine is running, this device does not concern.
Alex S 09-11-2006 17:16
quote: Originally posted by ole:
Huge respect GLOOMEY and X32 !!!
ole 09-11-2006 18:45
In, a whole thank you to them, but I didn’t even pour a glass !!!
x32 10-11-2006 01:40
quote: Originally posted by Alex S:2-3 hours is for Formula -1. We are talking about something else here.
no, formula 1 has enough engine for 2-3 races. and he goes to the bulkhead, and not to write off ...
about 2-3 hours ... there are enthusiasts somewhere in the USA. They arrange races on cars from Ford, it seems. They are removed from the 2.0 liter engine under 600 forces. It's just that they run out quickly.
I watched it in some western auto show: I don’t remember all the details already
Alex S 10-11-2006 01:49
Someone here wrote that he would kill any box and motor in one day. Easy.
ViTT 10-11-2006 10:04
Well, I wrote ... I remember that for Mercedes, the interservice mileage is in engine hours (there the numbers decrease in the computer ..) and not in kilometers (or maybe both are considered there)
dikiy 10-11-2006 11:16
They can also add the number of startsx10 or 20. Used to determine the operating period and overhaul periods.
Equivalent operating hours (Eq. h) = Actual operating hours + Number of starts x 20
This is from the generator manual.
Alex_F 10-11-2006 13:37
dikiy 10-11-2006 13:58
BUT in general, the wear for one start of the internal combustion engine is equal to 10 hours of normal operation. And even more in the cold season
dikiy 10-11-2006 14:02
Well, counting or not counting is already a matter of organizing operation. At the old job, for example, it was organized like this: the crane operator climbs the crane, checks the checklist and starts the crane and writes the start time in the log. Stop too. Then the engine hours and the number of starts are calculated.
dikiy 10-11-2006 14:05
And I set up the counters myself. But on the electric drive. To simplify the calculation of the frequency of lubrication of bearings. There are such.
Laborant 10-11-2006 17:49
Ugums, put, on the compressor, for proper organization after-sales service. It's called "Hour Meter". Power 220, hung on one phase of the compressor engine.
Doctor77 10-11-2006 21:20
In any case, the hour meter must have a presence, either as a physical device or as part of software engine control unit. Motochas is not turning on the clock along with the motor at all. It just depends on the turnover. On ancient technology - a mechanical counter that simply counts the engine speed (with a certain coefficient), on modern ones it is quite difficult program function, taking into account temperature, load, number of starts, etc.
Jacob 11-11-2006 12:00
In engine hours, work is considered, for example, forklift trucks (such as forklifts and not only) for unloading chAgo - or in warehouses ....! But on modern loaders (Japanese for example) there is an hour meter! What drive does he have?
Well, and so: the operation of the unit is considered for an hour during which it "eats" a certain amount of fuel! For a loader only, this is an average value because a loader standing, rolling around a warehouse or unloading / loading a car or something else will consume a different amount of fuel!
