The automotive twentieth century began as a bicycle century. We are slowly forgetting about it. Leading companies in the global automotive industry began their activities with the creation of bicycles.
The Wright brothers also made bicycles, but they went high into the sky. Bicycle societies were created that influenced the roads. Women began to wear loose trousers, abandoning the monstrous corset that fetters the lady tightly.
The bicycle has made society more mobile. He gave the woman a sense of freedom and independence. She sat down and went. Since the twenties of the last century, a bicycle has become the best gift for boys.
Bicycle Minsk
In the destroyed Minsk, in the 45th year, a bicycle factory. He immediately relieved the post-war city of the problems of unemployment and solved the city's problems with transport. On two-wheeled transport, residents easily moved around the city.
The plant was taken out of defeated Germany. The bicycle, and later the Minsk motorcycle, was distinguished by increased reliability and durability. We are sure that thrifty owners are still wiping the sides of their favorite offspring with a cloth.
Bicycle "Kharkiv", "Tourist", "Ukraine"
He managed to survive in the nineties, when everything was torn apart. The plant worked during the war and post-war years. All models are constantly being upgraded, striving to become at the level of world standards.
It was at the Kharkov Bicycle that the so-called "ladies" bicycles with a lowered frame were created. Generally bikes are available to buyers, but spare parts are not provided.
Models of the Kharkov Bicycle Plant are quite competitive. And today they are available to the majority of the population of Ukraine. Approximate price - 1800 hryvnia.
Penza Bicycle Plant named after M. V. Frunze
The PVZ has existed for more than a century (1915). Opened as a munitions factory, it began making bicycles in 1928. In the 70s, the production of high-speed men's and women's cars was mastered.
The factory satisfied the increased demand for 10-15 speed mountain bikes. The range is wide - children's two- and three-wheeled bikes, teenage, high-speed mountain bikes, road bikes.
There was even a cargo bike - a cycle rickshaw. Plant models have participated in many international exhibitions where they were highly rated. Gold medals are stored in the factory museum. In the fifties, the production of motorbikes began.
Mark 16-B. The release of "motik" continued with models 16-B1, 16-VM. In the seventies, on the basis of proven models, talented designers developed the MV-18 moped.
Moscow-80 (MVZ)
The plant made a fuss and released the Moscow-80 sports bike for the Olympics. The concentration of design thought went through the roof. The designers tried to ensure that overloads did not break the rims. They are made from a heavy duty alloy. The wheels paid off.
ZiCh Novosibirsk
The pride of the Russian bicycle industry is the Novosibirsk Plant. Chkalov. "ZiCh-1" - the most advanced bicycles. Technical equipment two-wheeled car for that time was the highest.
Steel frame, motorized shifting speed limit, fenders, rear rack and handlebars from a sports bike. M-yes-ah! Professionals took pride in acquiring it in their arsenal of sports equipment.
Plant named after Kirov
KVD bicycles were intended for kids. And quite satisfied the demand of parents for safe toys. Designers for small drivers have provided support rollers.
Today, all children's bicycles of the toddler group are produced with support rollers. Bright and colorful, kids love them.
Siauliai VMZ (Lithuania)
For many years he produced teenage bikes for boys - Eaglet, for girls Swallow. Road "bikes" were equipped with headlights - front and rear. Their durability was phenomenal.
No matter how many fell, nothing happened to them. The kit included pumps, a flooding bell, reflectors, a luggage seat where teenagers seated their girlfriends (the car could withstand two with ease), a power generator.
Zhukovsky bicycle plant
The city of Zhukovka in the Bryansk region provided the supply of Desna bicycles. At the beginning of production, only adult “bikes” with a closed frame were produced. But the assortment was expanded, and a road car was added.
The designers did their best for the small-sized apartments of the USSR and created a folding Desna. The curved frame and smaller wheel size immediately ranked the model as a ladies' bike.
Perm Machine Building Plant
Models in demand in the vastness of our vast country are road bikes Progress, Ural, Kama, Salyut. They can still be found today country road and near dacha cooperatives. Where not pass the car, you can easily ride a Perm bike.
Gorky Automobile Plant
The bumpy tires of the Shkolnik bicycle roamed all over the roads. The safest bike, according to parents. Grip with pavement phenomenal. The bike itself is unpretentious, it requires almost no maintenance. Teenagers all over the country are happy to receive a comfortable bike as a gift.
| MotoVeloZavod LLC OOO MVZ, MotoVeloZavod Ltd. |
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| Type | Limited Liability Company |
| Base | November 6 |
| Location | Republic of Belarus, Minsk |
| Key Figures | CEO: Nikolay Ladutko Director |
| Industry | mechanical engineering |
| Products | Bicycles "AIST", motorcycles "M1NSK" |
| Number of employees | 100 |
| Website |
Bicycles "Aist" http://minsk-moto.by |
| Media files at Wikimedia Commons | |
Motorbike M1A produced by MMVZ
OOO "MotoVeloZavod"(OOO cost center), also known as MotoVeloZavod Ltd.- Minsk plant for the production of bicycles, motorcycles and related products.
Story
The company was founded on November 6, 1945. On the twentieth of December 1945, the first echelon with equipment, taken out from Germany under the agreement of the allied authorities on measures against enterprises that contribute to the Wehrmacht, arrived at the Vostochnaya station in the city of Minsk for the future plant. The DKW plant in Zshopau, located in the Soviet zone of occupation, was subject to dismantling as an enterprise supplying weapons, so equipment, tooling and technical documentation were taken to Moscow, Minsk, Izhevsk and Serpukhov. In May 1946, the plant was commissioned, and the first shop of the plant was put into operation - mechanical repair, then the electrical shop was launched, and by autumn the first parts appeared own production for the first Belarusian bicycle. In June 1947, the first ten bicycles were presented, after testing and eliminating some shortcomings in September of the same year, the B-16 bicycle was sent to mass production. By the end of 1947, 6580 bicycles had been assembled, which predetermined the profile orientation of the plant for many years to come. The 1950s marked new stage development of the enterprise - the production of teenage bicycles "Eaglet" and "Swallow" was mastered, later a series of men's road bicycles "Minsk".
In 1951, in connection with the re-profiling of the Moscow Motor Plant, the production of Moskva M1A motorcycles (copies of DKW RT 125) was transferred to the Minsk Plant. The heirs of this machine are 125 cc motorcycles of the Minsk brand.
In 2008, the main models of motorcycles were restyled. New models of motorcycles are presented in the directions of Sport, Street, Enduro. Also released new model 200 cc motorcycle M4 200 (previously known under the working name "Neoclassic"). The range of bicycles has also been radically updated. Hybrid, mountain, track bikes, as well as BMX appeared in the lineup. In the same year, the production of agricultural machinery (potato planters) began.
In 2009, a prototype 500cc motorcycle model was introduced.
In 2007, the Austrian company ATEC became the owner of a controlling stake in Motovelo (80%), and businessman Alexander Muravyov became the director of the enterprise. Together with the shares of the enterprise, the investor received a number of conditions from the state, which he had to fulfill in 5 years - through investment, bring the vegetative enterprise into one of the leaders in the bicycle and motorcycle markets of the region and turn it into a major exporter.
The enterprise was restructured and split into three dozen independent legal entities. It did not bring any special effect. How did not help the company and the prolongation in 2013 of previously issued loans. Motovelo businessman and investor Alexander Muravyov was sentenced to 11 years in prison with confiscation of property, including Motovelo shares.
External management was introduced at the plant, which is carried out by the ex-mayor of the capital Nikolai Ladutko, who in June 2017 sent an application to the Economic Court of Minsk to recognize Motovelo OJSC as economically insolvent (bankrupt).
On April 20, 2018, the court declared Motovelo OJSC bankrupt and opened liquidation proceedings. The procedure must be completed by December 20, 2018.
After the bankruptcy of OJSC Motovelo, it is planned to sell the site on Partizansky Prospekt at an auction in a single lot. A new production of motorcycle and bicycle equipment is planned to be established in the Chinese-Belarusian industrial park "Great Stone", operating in the regime of a free economic zone.
Partisan Avenue,
As reported in 1956 by the “Handbook Guide” for Minsk, “The motorcycle and bicycle plant, located along the Mogilev highway, is widely known to the Soviet buyer for its durable road bikes, economical motorcycles. Men's, women's and children's bicycles of the Minsk Motor Bike Plant have in our country high demand» .
MMVZ, 2014. Photo by Volozhinsky V.G. 
Factory gate. Photo by Valery Inyutkin
And the plant began its journey on November 6, 1945, when the reconstruction of two small dilapidated buildings and several surviving outbuildings began on the site of the former fittings factory. In November 1945, the first echelon with equipment taken from Germany arrived at the Vostochnaya station, for the future plant. The DKW plant in Zshopau, located in the Soviet zone of occupation, was to be dismantled as an enterprise supplying weapons to the Wehrmacht, so equipment, tooling, technical documentation were taken to a number of Soviet cities (including Minsk) as compensation for damage caused to the USSR during the war.
In May 1946, the first workshop of the plant was put into operation - a mechanical repair workshop, then an electrical workshop was launched, and by autumn the first parts of our own production for the first Belarusian bicycle appeared. In June 1947, the first ten bicycles were presented, after testing and eliminating some shortcomings in September of the same year, the B-16 bicycle was sent to mass production. By the end of 1947, 6580 bicycles had been assembled, which predetermined the profile orientation of the plant for many years to come.
Bicycle B-16 - . 
Bicycle B-16 - . By Victory Day 1949, the bicycle factory mastered the production of "colored bicycles". The newspaper "Soviet Belarus" wrote: "The staff of the Minsk Bicycle Plant meets the Victory Day with a new production victory. The production of the first colored bicycles was mastered. The new cars have a colored frame, fork, saddle parts, chrome rim. More than a hundred of these machines have already been produced.
The 1950s marked a new stage in the development of the enterprise - the production of teenage bicycles "Eaglet" and "Swallow" was mastered.
The famous "Eaglet". It was made smaller than an adult, especially for children of primary and secondary classes. For many pioneers, it became a ticket to adult cycling life. 
Similar to the "Eaglet" was the bicycle "Swallow", produced "without a frame", that is, for girls. As one blogger correctly wrote: “The USSR has never been a powerful cycling power, but almost everyone knew how to ride “great” ones - because in childhood it was considered a shame if you did not belong to the cycling caste, even if you did not have this bike.”
In 1951, in connection with the re-profiling of the Moscow Motor Plant, the production of Moskva M1A motorcycles was transferred to the Minsk Plant.
M1A motorcycle manufactured by MMVZ In 1956, the plant switched to the production upgraded motorcycle M1M. On the M1M, for the first time, electrical equipment was used that worked on alternating current. Engine power increased to 5 liters. s., a maximum speed up to 75 km/h.
In 1957, the Minsk Motor and Bicycle Plant produced "almost 15% of bicycles and 10% of motorcycles of their total production in the whole country." The pace of production was constantly growing, and after two years, every 40 seconds, a bicycle came off the assembly line of the factory, and every 5 minutes, a motorcycle.
On assembly line motorcycles IN different years models M-103, M-104, M-106 were produced. Of the latter - MMVZ-3.111, MMVZ-3.115, MMVZ-3.112.
MMVZ-3.115, MMVZ-3.111 Previously, a railway line went to the plant, it passed over the bridge over Partizansky Prospekt. Now the bridge and the access road to the motorbike plant have been dismantled.
The remains of the railway bridge over Partizansky Prospekt, 2014. Photo by Volozhinsky V.G. 
Dismantled access road to the motorbike plant, 2014. Photo by Volozhinsky V.G. The territory of OJSC "Motovelo" is limited by Partizansky Prospekt, Trostenetskaya Street and two Bicycle lanes: First and Second.
Factory area It is interesting that earlier the Svisloch channel passed directly through the territory of the modern MMVZ. This is clearly seen in the aerial photography of 1944.
Fragment of an aerial photograph taken in 1944. The pre-war territory, on which the construction of the MMVZ began in 1945, is indicated by a rectangle. In today's satellite photo, you can see how the river's course was changed by cutting off the loop.
The territory of the plant has expanded in the postwar years. The red cross on the right indicates the location of gas station No. 7 -. In the 1930s, in the swampy area between Svisloch and Slepnya, filtration fields were arranged - a complex of facilities for natural (biological) cleaning of sewer and Wastewater. They are marked on the city plan of 1941.
On the German city plan of 1941, the numbers indicate: 18 - Under construction film studio "Soviet Belarus", Mogilev highway;
22 - Asphalt-concrete plant, Strelkovaya, 11;
23 - Car repair station "Soyuzavtoremont", Mogilev highway, 8. This is the first car repair station in Minsk and the fourth one in the Soviet Union. Built in March 1935
Currently (2017) some of the factory buildings are leased different firms and organizations.
In this building there is a museum of products manufactured by the plant, as well as awards, cups, banners won in shock socialist labor and in sports competitions.
Here is the museum of motorcycle and bicycle technology, 2015. Photo by Volozhinsky V.G. A monument to the leader of the world proletariat has also been preserved on the territory of the plant.
Interested in who is the author and the year of installation of the sculpture, 2015. Photo by Volozhinsky V.G. 
In the warehouse of finished products. Photos of Al Capone
Top 10 bicycle factories in the USSR May 29th, 2015
under the frame. Young people will be surprised, and some will grin :-) ...
I even forgot what they looked like, the bikes of my childhood. Let's see the TOP 10 most popular bicycles in the USSR.
I found two of my bikes. And you?
1. Minsk Motorcycle and Bicycle Plant
Bicycle Aist MMVZ
It has been leading its history since 1945, and the first products of this Belarusian plant went on sale in 1947. Its equipment was exported from Germany, so bicycles, and since 1951, motorcycles (the legendary "Minsk", which still makes up the production arsenal), were distinguished by reliability and durability.
2. Kharkov Bicycle Plant (KhVZ)
Ukraine
The most "unsinkable" plant, which managed to survive in the difficult military and post-war, and in the dashing 90s. Due to talented designers and engineers, a constantly updated assortment and bicycles that have already proven themselves over many years of operation, such as "Tourist", "Ukraine", which left the assembly line back in the 30s, the plant was able to compete with the products of China, the USA and Europe .
3. Penza Bicycle Plant. M.V. Frunze (PVZ)
A plant with a century-long history, the capacities of which were directed to the defense industry most of the time. Nevertheless, for many years (the peak of production falls on the beginning of the 40s and the middle of the 50s of the last century), he produced motorbikes of the 16-V brand, modifications 16-V1 and 16-VM, on the basis of which the MV-18 light moped was developed ( 1972-1975).
A road bike for adults ZIF was produced at the Penza Production Association “Plant named after Frunze” 4. Moscow Bicycle Plant (MVZ)
The most famous factory, where the racing bike "Moscow-80" was developed for sports competitions. Participants of the 1980 Olympiad in Moscow circled their tracks on it. The designers took into account the overloads, so they used wheels with profiled tube rims made of super-strong alloys to withstand driving on various sections of the road.
5. Aviation Plant named after Chkalov (ZiCh), Novosibirsk
The ZiCh-1 bicycle can undoubtedly be considered a masterpiece of the domestic "bicycle industry". This brand was positioned as the most technically equipped bike of that time. This bike boasted a steel frame, fender liner, shifter, rack and sports steering wheel. Such characteristics provided ZiCh-1 with the love of professionals.
6. Plant named after Kirov
He produced KVD bicycles intended for children from 4 to 8 years old. For convenience and safety, the manufacturer provided support rollers, which guaranteed stability. These bicycles became the prototype of all modern bicycles for children.
7. Siauliai Bicycle and Motor Plant of the Lithuanian SSR
He became famous for the fact that for many years he produced a teenage bicycle "Eaglet" (in Lithuanian "Erelyukas") and a bicycle for girls "Swallow" ("Kregzhdute"). In all respects, these "bikes" were durable, easily repaired and equipped with additional headlights, a trunk, a bell, a pump and a power generator.
8. Zhukovsky Bicycle Plant
Desna-2
This bicycle factory, located in the city of Zhukovka, Bryansk region, produced such popular brand bicycles, like Desna. It was originally a closed frame adult bike, later model range added road bike, folding - "Desna" 113-221. Instead of a straight frame, it had a curved one, as well as smaller diameter wheels.
9. Perm machine building plant
Ural 
Progress Produced "workhorses" for residents of many remote villages of the country, where the Progress men's road bike, the Ural adult bike, the Kama and Salyut folding bikes remained the most accessible mode of transport.
