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The main rule when getting into a skid - do not slow down! And no, we are not talking about the inexperience of the driver, but about the fact that sharply locked wheels completely deprive the driver of the ability to drive the car. There are only 2 ways to deal with a skid, and each type of drive has its own.
IN website we are sure that you know these methods, but we still prepared a couple of secrets from extreme driving experts for you.
Where to expect danger
- Most of the rolled ice is where they most often slow down - before turns, pedestrian crossings, entrances to bus stops. Pay special attention to bridges, tunnels, entrances and exits from flyovers. It is best to move there at a constant speed, and slow down in advance.
- In winter, the distance with the car in front should be 2 times greater than in summer. But you should not lag too far behind, otherwise someone will definitely decide to wedge in, and this is a risk for 3 participants in the movement at once.
- Don't just look at the car in front of you. Try to keep her in sight, but look further - 4-5 cars ahead. This way you will see dangerous sections of the road even before the car you are following hits them.
- In winter, it is worth abandoning the habit of depressing the clutch pedal simultaneously with the brake pedal. In this case, the car stops only due to the brake pads, which can block the wheels, and then the car will go into a skid.
Owners of cars with ABS. The anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an extremely useful feature of most foreign cars, which neutralizes the brake pedal sharply squeezed to the floor on an icy road. Instead of hard braking, the system causes the pedal to vibrate, allowing you to turn the steering wheel to enter a corner or return the car to a desired position.
Owners of cars without ABS. Extreme driving instructors consider the best way of braking in winter conditions to be combined: simultaneously with the operation of the brake pedal, stop the car with the engine (shift into a lower gear). Brake should be impulsive - alternate a series of short presses on the brake pedal with a complete unlocking of the wheels.
3 types of skid
- Slip: the front axle is stable, the rear axle is slipping, the car turns more than expected.
- Demolition: the rear wheels are stable, and the front wheels slide, when turning, the car moves in a straight line.
- Complete destabilization: all 4 wheels slide, the direction of movement cannot be predicted.
How to get out of a skid
If the car went into a skid - don't slow down.
If you have rear wheel drive car - you need to release the gas while turning the steering wheel in the direction of skidding
If you have front wheel drive car - add gas.
When the car is out of the skid, you need to straightaway return the steering wheel to the “straight” position, otherwise it will go into a new skid in the other direction.
Tricks and tricks
Checking the road. Leaving on a winter road, several times sharply press and release a brake pedal. If the car "nods" - the grip is excellent, if there are no slowdowns and you can hear the tires rubbing in the skid - the road is covered with ice. This should be done as often as possible (without creating emergency situations, of course).
The "double division" formula. If in summer you fly on this section of the road at a speed of 100 km/h, then in winter you should crawl there at 50 km/h. We entered the turn at 80, in winter, drop it to 40. Then you definitely won’t fly out to the side of the road and you will be able to respond to a skid in time.
Full counter-emergency training is not a cheap pleasure. However, all the skills and lessons learned will not only come to your aid in emergency situations, but will also help you get more pleasure and comfort when driving.
A competent instructor in counter-emergency training is a universal teacher. In addition to direct training of driving skills, he will make you remember the laws of physics, elements of human physiology and conduct psychotherapy. Yes, the student will have to strain the convolutions, step over the most natural and ingrained psychological barriers, but all this work will allow him to perceive the banal movement by car from point A to point B in a completely different way.
Feng Shui
Human physiology is very important in driving a machine. First of all, the instructor will force the student in the driver's seat. The almost vertical position of the torso and the short distance to the steering wheel - such is the racing landing. However, in fact, there is nothing Spartan in this.
№1. The human vestibular apparatus works ideally precisely with the vertical position of the torso. Due to this, the driver can timely feel the beginning of the loss of stable movement of the car (drift germs from a skid). The reverse side of the coin - for example, I have problems with my back and it hurt for about a week, getting used to its new position. But after training, the back gets tired and worried much less often. Even driving a car with frankly uncomfortable seats no longer causes as much discomfort as before.
№2. A close position to the steering wheel is the key to maximum speed of its rotation. This is extremely important during emergency maneuvers, there are even standards for professional drivers of special services: for a certain time you need to have time to turn the steering wheel from lock to lock a certain number of times. Even with the right fit, you will have to practice for the sake of a good result, and if you sit incorrectly, you definitely won’t meet the standard.
№3. Only when it is possible to accurately lay the trajectory of movement, whether it is a turn or an emergency detour of an obstacle. At the same time, the driver feels good grip of the front wheels with the road surface. It is important not to lose such feedback when you have to turn the steering wheel at large angles. In this case, when intercepting the steering wheel, it is important to maintain the correct position of the hands.
With an incorrect driving position, the feeling of the car is dulled, and the driver's actions will not be accurate enough. This is clearly seen, for example, when a snake passes at high speed on the site. But, as soon as the instructor conveys the essence of the problem to the student and puts him in the correct position, the result will immediately improve.
№4. Additionally, the use of a platform under the left foot will help to improve the quality of driver maneuvers. At the time, this was a revelation for me. During sharp maneuvers, especially with seats without pronounced lateral support and with conventional three-point belts, the driver imperceptibly begins to hold on to the steering wheel. Accordingly, the quality of work with the steering wheel drops significantly. However, it is worth resting your left foot on the platform, and the same snake can be driven at a much higher speed.
Syndrome
Human psychology is very insidious. A few seemingly natural and logical self-preservation instincts often lead to disastrous results. For example, even where the driver’s eyes are directed is important.
№5. Whatever skills the driver has, he will always arrive where he looks. In no case should you focus on an obstacle when driving around it. In a mysterious way, this psychological nuance makes you perform any action other than the right one. That is why, even on a spacious snowy area, you can always come to a single pillar, purposefully training or just enjoying sideways riding!
№6. Probably the most dangerous psychological reflex is to brake urgently to the last. It is certainly important to maximize the speed. However, it is also necessary to be able to release the brake so that braking does not interfere with the correct maneuver. This nuance has not lost its relevance even with the advent of exchange rate stability systems and the simplest anti-lock braking system ABS.
When braking hard on a car that is deprived of even the simplest electronic ABS assistant, there is a high risk of blocking the front wheels. In this case, it is useless to turn the steering wheel - the car will continue to move in a straight line. ABS and retain the ability to drive a car in various conditions, but do not cancel the laws of physics. The front wheels are constantly subjected to longitudinal (acceleration and deceleration) and transverse (turning) forces. Their interaction characterizes the Kamm circle. For example, a wheel blocked during braking (excessive longitudinal force) is no longer able to transmit any turning force (lateral force). Therefore, even with the intervention of ABS, the brake pedal pressed to the floor greatly increases the turning radius. And vice versa, no assistants will make the car fit into the turn when the speed of the car is too high.
The laws of physics that are difficult to perceive are best conveyed to the student by the “rearrangement” exercise. It repeats the well-known "moose test", but provides for intensive braking before avoiding an obstacle. The instructor arranges the cones in such a way that it is very difficult to fit into the artificial frames. You need to act accurately. If you do not release the brake pedal before turning the steering wheel, even with electronic assistants, the car will go in a wider arc and blow off a couple of plastic stops.
Extreme driving is a fashionable combination of words today, and the corresponding driving courses are very popular. But our experience of driver training shows that not all drivers need extreme driving and that people have had a substitution of concepts. It often happens that a person wants to learn counter-emergency driving techniques in extreme situations and calls it extreme driving, which is not entirely true. And it happens that drivers are interested in extreme driving, in the literal sense, but in the process of discussing the curriculum, it turns out that this is not what is needed. So I decided to mettre les points sur les i (dot the i's), write about different types of courses and driving skills and explain the difference between extreme driving courses, emergency training, safe driving courses and accident-free driving.
Extreme driving courses
What is the point?
A popular topic both among drivers and among my colleagues who teach experienced drivers. What it is? I would call it "quasi-sport". These are courses where drivers learn the techniques of rally racers or those close to them. They are united by the following:
- rally driving techniques
- driving with disabled electronic security systems
- regular use of the handbrake while driving
- unconventional driving ways and stunts:
Controlled skid
Police U-turn
U-turn "with handbrake"
Pivoting and Turning with Rhythmic Skid
Lack of practical use
Of course, these are interesting courses, they give adrenaline, drive, open up new opportunities for the car and the driver. But the main pitfall of these courses is that learned extreme driving techniques are not applicable on public roads.
Well, imagine you are driving along the Garden Ring, from the office home or taking your child to school. Will you turn off the stabilization system? I highly doubt it. You need to turn around - will you pull the "handbrake"? You need to turn right at the traffic lights - will you pass the turn in a controlled skid? And most importantly, how will all this help you in an emergency? Let's say a pedestrian ran out onto the road - will you make a police U-turn? Or do you immediately turn off the stabilization system on your BMW and add gas to go around a person in a skid? If you answered yes to at least one question, write me an e-mail about it, I would really like to see it live :)))
Increasing accident rate
That is, the driver took extreme driving courses, learned super-driving techniques, but in fact remained unarmed in the face of real critical situations on the road. It turns out extreme driving courses have no practical applicability and value. But the driver has learned something! He felt the car better! He rose to a new level of driving skills! Yes, but the question is: what does this lead to? And this leads to an increase in the self-esteem of the driver, the appearance of self-confidence and a change in driving style towards greater risk and an increase in the number of accidents. Which, by the way, has long been confirmed by special studies in Europe.
So let's make intermediate conclusions. Extreme driving courses increase the level of driving skills, but have no practical application on public roads and often lead to an increase in the driver's self-esteem and level its accident rate.
Why do you need an extreme driving course?
Are such courses really necessary? Yes, they do - why not? - people love it! All these non-traditional driving techniques are interesting and really increase the feeling of the car and the level of driving skill. Our school has such courses: "The Art of Drifting" (for rear and four-wheel drive) and "Secrets of Controlled Skidding" (for front-wheel drive). There is also a course "Driving on the race track", where the racing technique of piloting and the movement of the car at the limit of tire grip are practiced. Why not extreme driving? Only, in our opinion, the training of drivers should not begin with these courses, but end with them. And certainly these programs should not be the only ones in the training cycle. What else should be in the program? Read on!
Emergency preparation
What is the point?
Before moving on to extreme driving courses or to the so-called advanced driving courses, you need to get a base and take courses in emergency response training. On which you can just learn how to prevent critical situations and get out of them, if you still got into them. That is, contra-emergency driving - driving in critical situations that often occur on public roads.
The peculiarities of these courses are that ... in general, read again the features of extreme driving courses - everything is exactly the opposite :) Namely, it includes:
- emergency braking in front of a sudden obstacle
- emergency detour obstacles - "rearrangement", "moose test"
- car slip prevention techniques: skidding, drifting, rotation
- how to fit into a turn in case of speeding?
- setting the right driving skills when electronic security systems are on: ABS, ESP, etc.
- the absence of non-traditional and inapplicable techniques in life:
Shutdowns of electronic systems
Using the handbrake
Driving in a controlled skid
Police U-turn
180 and 360 degree turns with handbrake or rhythmic skid
Practical benefits
As you can see the content of the correct counter-emergency training is maximally tied to real city driving. Accordingly, all emergency response techniques are applicable on public roads, and the emergency response training courses themselves provide drivers with tangible benefits and increase driving safety.
As for self-assessment of drivers after undergoing emergency response training, according to our experience, it does not increase and becomes more adequate. Drivers have a deeper understanding of the degree of danger of the car and the need for the highest level of driving skill for complete control of the car and the traffic situation. As a result, they begin to drive more calmly, more slowly, more carefully and do not abuse their capabilities.
Separate flies from cutlets
Why did I use the expression "correct counter-emergency preparation"? Because sometimes it's not quite right. Often my respected colleagues from other schools pass off extreme driving courses as counter-emergency training. I do not want to criticize anyone and persuade you to study at our school, I will only say that you can determine for yourself which courses are offered to you. Read the features of extreme driving and emergency training courses again and find out what exactly is included in the program of the course that you plan to take. Is there a police station there? Are stabilization systems disabled? Do drivers pull the handbrake in class? If at least one answer is “yes”, then it smacks of extremism. And if all the answers are positive, then this is definitely not emergency training, but extreme driving courses, no matter what the sales managers or instructors of these schools tell you.
And then it’s up to you to decide whether you need to take this course and what you generally want to get from training. If you want to learn how to make a police U-turn, go and study, even if these courses are presented to you as counter-emergency ones. But if the task is to increase your level of driving safety and be armed in front of real traffic situations, then you are definitely not in the right place.
In general, I will say that in Europe for a long time no one pulls the “handbrake” and does not deal with all the other extreme cartoons at counter-emergency training courses. There people do not have fun, but improve road safety. And if someone needs to master rally driving techniques, then there are special courses for this, but this has nothing to do with road driving.
Remember that when passing any such courses on your own car at the autodrome, neither the OSAGO insurance policy, nor the DSAGO policy, nor the CASCO policy is valid. Therefore, all the risks of a possible accident fall on you, so be especially careful and attentive! Or take courses in a school car.
What is the result?
The extreme driving course will give you the non-traditional driving skills used in rallying. Techniques have no application on public roads, often increase the self-esteem of drivers, which leads to an increase in accidents.
Crash training will give you the skills to prevent accidents that can happen on a public road in real traffic. In addition, as a result, drivers become more aware of the degree of danger of driving a car and become more adequate in self-esteem and more responsible and careful driving.
In the next article, I will write about safe driving and accident-free driving.
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