It is known that the specific terms of aging of tires are almost never disclosed by their manufacturers. It is believed that for 2-3 years, aging processes do not lead to catastrophic changes in rubber compound tires, and after this time, almost every motorist will definitely change the set of tires to a new one. But possible different situations- these 2-3 years of tires can simply be spent in the warehouse of an unscrupulous seller or in a wholesale warehouse, tires can be used on cars with low annual mileage - various campers, etc. As a result, quite often tires are used even after 5 or even 10 years from the date of their release. What does it threaten? Let's try to figure it out.
There are two main factors leading to age-related destruction of tires - ozone from the atmosphere, which leads to a violation of molecular bonds between rubber molecules and, as a fact, to a loss of elasticity, and age-related cracks that occur due to the contact of tires with fats and oils, as well as just off long-term operation. As a result tires "tan", which leads to a sharp deterioration in all their qualities without exception. Especially dangerous deterioration driving performance on wet road. ADAC's research on spinning old tires has shown an increased risk of tire "explosion". A few years later, the analysis of severe accidents associated with tire bursts on high speed, conducted by DEKRA, revealed that in 100 (!!!) percent of cases, the age of the tires was to blame. Bottom line - recommendation: maximum term operation of conventional medium-speed road tires operating in standard conditions- six years . But this is only if the tires do not experience high loads. If tested, then the maximum is 4 years. And no means to give "blackness".
For winter tires, the situation is even more complicated. low temperatures the destruction of intermolecular bonds is faster, therefore, already in the 2nd or 3rd season, tires, even with careful operation, "glass" and lose some of their qualities due to aging. ADAC states that after 2 years winter tire cannot be considered new. and 100 percent usable.
The designation of the date of manufacture of the tire can be found after the DOT lettering on the sidewall. The four digits indicate the week and year of manufacture. For example, the designation 1105 indicates that the tire was released in week 11, 2005. Remember that if the storage conditions of the tire were not observed, then its aging will occur even ahead of schedule specified by ADAC. Therefore, it is better to shop in reputable stores with a good reputation - such as the AUTOEXPERT company. Buying tires in our store, you can be sure that you are buying really new tires stored in the right conditions.
And most importantly - remember that if your tires are older than 4 years, then it's time to think about replacing them, even if physical wear has not come. Such tires can be dangerous, especially at high speeds.
Ozone aging, ozone cracking (ozone cracking, Ozonriβbildung, vieillissement al, ozone) is stretched rubber under the action of ozone. Ozone aging is one of the so-called corrosion cracking, which is observed when chemically or physically active media act on stressed materials (for example, ammonia on brass, detergents on , acids or alkalis on polysulfide rubbers, HF for silicone rubbers). Tensile stresses arise in rubbers during static or dynamic one-dimensional or two-dimensional tension or shear deformation.
In order for ozone aging to occur, even the presence of traces of ozone, which is always contained in the atmosphere, is sufficient. (2-6) 10 -6%; (hereinafter, the volumetric concentration of ozone is indicated) and, in addition, can be formed under certain conditions in enclosed spaces. The main reason for the presence of ozone in the atmosphere is the effect of the short-wave part of solar radiation on the oxygen in the air.
Ozone is also formed as a result of photochemical oxidation of organic impurities contained in the air with the participation of nitrogen dioxide. This process is especially intensive in large cities, where air pollution exhaust gases engines causes high concentrations of ozone [up to (50-100) 10 -6%].
In enclosed spaces, ozone can be generated by the action of UV-Sveta, γ rays, x-rays, electrical discharges, as well as in the oxidation of organic compounds.
Mechanism ozone aging
The mechanism of ozone aging is sharp acceleration destruction of stressed rubbers due to the addition of ozone to multiple bonds of rubber macromolecules: The stress that occurs in rubber at small deformations, contributing to the destruction of the macromolecule and preventing the recombination of macroradicals, accelerates the appearance and growth of microcracks, initially directed along the tension axis. The rupture of weak bridges between these microcracks leads to the appearance of transverse cracks visible to the eye. At large deformations (hundreds of percent), cracks remain longitudinal as they grow, since due to orientation effect bridges between cracks acquire greater strength.
Kinetics of ozone aging of polymeric materials
With static voltage σ (or deformation ε ) in the process of ozone aging, one can distinguish 2 main stages of ozone aging:
- induction period τ and, the end of which practically coincides with the moment of the appearance of cracks;
- period of development of visible cracks τ Tu, which occurs mainly at the stage of stationary growth rate τ st(picture 1).
As the stress increases, its destructive effect increases, but the orientation of macromolecules that develops simultaneously leads to the strengthening of the polymer, which hinders its further destruction. Because the in the first stage of ozone aging occurring on the rubber surface, the destructive role of stress is enhanced due to an increase in the proportion of fresh, again formed surface, That τ and usually monotonically decreases with increasing ε
(picture 1). In the development of cracks in the depth of the sample, the state of its surface does not play a role; at this stage of ozone aging, the orientation hardening, in connection with which crack growth rate passes through a maximum in the region of the so-called critical strain ε cr (figure 2).
Time to break τ p =τ and +τ Tu depends on σ
(or ε
) as well as τ and(picture 1), or passes through a minimum in the region ε cr(for large deformations - through a maximum due to the exhaustion orientation hardening effect (figure 2). The first dependence, characteristic of ozone-resistant rubbers, is observed when τ p determined by the duration τ and (τ and /τ р ≈1), the second - if τ p determined by the length of the period τ w (τ and /τ p<<1).
Meaning ε cr determined by two factors: the degree of reduction τ p with growth σ And degree of increase τ p with the development of the orientation effect.
Factors affecting the rate of ozone aging
Intermolecular interaction
An increase in , hindering the orientation of macromolecules during deformation and contributing to an increase in the durability of rubbers, can lead to a shift ε cr towards its higher values. Such a dependence is observed, in particular, in a series of unfilled vulcanizates of the following polymers:
natural rubber< гуттаперча < хлоропреновый каучук.
Meaning ε cr also increases with the introduction of active fillers into rubbers with a relatively weakly pronounced intermolecular interaction. So, with an increase in the amount of gas channel soot in natural rubber from 0 to 90 mass parts ε cr increases from 15 before 50% . In the case of a significant decrease in intermolecular interactions (for example, when dibutyl phthalate is introduced into chloroprene rubber), the value ε cr decreases sharply. The change in intermolecular interaction also explains the effect on the value ε cr temperature, and other factors.
The nature and frequency of deformations
Compared to ozone rate at static deformations, at repeated deformations with a constant frequency can be seen as acceleration ozone aging (in rubbers from butadiene-nitrile rubbers), and its slowdown(in rubbers made of natural rubber).
In some rubbers with an increase strain frequency appears relaxation hardening leading to reduction of ozone aging. In the region of low frequencies (up to 100 vibrations per minute), the highest rate of ozone aging of most rubbers is observed at frequency of 10 vibrations per minute. Rubbers containing waxy substances, the layer of which on the surface of the rubber is easily destroyed during repeated deformations, significantly are more susceptible to ozone aging under these conditions than under static deformations.
Ozone concentration
Decrease in ozone concentration WITH sharply slows down ozone aging, and up to its atmospheric concentrations, the dependence τ \u003d kС -n, Where k And n are permanent, and τ could be like τ and, and τ p. In the case of large τ (years), the application of this dependence is complicated by a change in the conditions of rubber exposure (stress relaxation, migration to the rubber surface antiozonants etc.) affecting the values k And n.
The ozone concentration does not affect the position ε cr and the value of the activation energy of ozone aging. The latter is very small (tens of kJ/mol, or a few kcal/mol) and, therefore, change in ozone aging rate with temperature due mainly to changes in the mobility of macromolecules. This is confirmed by the fact that the rate of crack propagation obeys the equation Williams - Landela - Ferry(see Viscosity state), which describes relaxation processes.
The effect of temperature, moisture and solar radiation on the rate of ozone aging
Lowering the temperature leads to a sharp slowdown in ozone aging; under test conditions at a constant value ε ozone aging practically stops at temperatures that are 15-20 °C higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer.
solar radiation greatly accelerates ozone aging due to photooxidation of rubber, accompanied by the destruction of macromolecules, an increase in the mobility of macroradicals, and also as a result of a general increase in the temperature of rubber. Moisture, being sorbed by relatively hydrophilic rubbers (for example, from natural or chloroprene rubber) and contributing to a more uniform distribution of stresses on their surface, somewhat slows down the ozone aging of these rubbers.
Ozone resistance of rubbers (classification of rubbers according to ozone resistance)
The ability of rubbers to resist ozone aging significantly depends on the type of rubber.
By resistance to ozone aging(under conditions of static deformation up to 50%), rubbers based on various rubbers can be conditionally divided into four groups:
- Extremely durable rubber are not destroyed for a long time (years) at atmospheric concentrations of ozone and are stable for more than 1 hour at concentrations O 3 order 0,1 - 1%. These properties are rubbers based on saturated rubbers- fluorine-containing, ethylene-propylene, polyisobutylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and, to a lesser extent, silicone rubber; the latter are destroyed by acidic substances easily formed in the presence of ozone.
- Resistant rubber are not destroyed for several years under atmospheric conditions and are stable for more than 1 hour at concentrations O 3 near 0,01% . This group includes rubbers based on rubbers that interact weakly with ozone due to small content of multiple bonds in them(e.g. butyl rubbers) or due to the presence of low ozone active bonds (e.g. rubbers made from urethane and polysulfide rubbers), as well as rubbers made from chloroprene rubbers stabilized antiozonants.
- Moderately durable rubber stable in atmospheric conditions from several months to 1-2 years, and at concentrations O 3 near 0,001% - more than 1 hour. This group includes rubber unstabilized chloroprene rubber and from others unsaturated rubbers(natural, synthetic isoprene, butadiene-styrene, butadiene-nitrile), containing antiozonants. Big durability of chloroprene rubber to ozone is explained by the features of its physical structure (easy crystallization, strong intermolecular polar interactions), which cause the formation of obtuse-angled, rounded, slowly growing cracks.
- Non-resistant rubber stable in atmospheric conditions from several days to 1 month, and at concentrations O 3 - 0,0001% - more than 1 hour. Non-resistant include rubbers from unstabilized rubbers of the previous group, with the exception of rubbers from chloroprene rubber. An increase in the resistance of rubbers of this group to ozone aging is achieved by introducing into them antiozonants And waxes, applied to rubber ozone resistant coatings from chloroprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, etc., chemical treatment(for example, by hydrogenation) of the rubber surface to reduce the content of unsaturated bonds in macromolecules, as well as by changing the design of products in order to reduce tensile stresses under their operating conditions.
For ways to protect rubber from ozone aging, see also Antiozonants.
In addition to the type of rubber, the composition of rubber compounds affects the resistance of rubbers to ozone aging. So, under test conditions for the same deformation ε values τ and And τ p for rubbers containing fillers And plasticizers, will be less than for unfilled ones.
The deterioration of ozone resistance is due to the following reasons:
- voltage increase associated with the introduction of fillers,
- a decrease in the strength properties of rubber due to the introduction of plasticizers.
Resistance of rubber to ozone aging evaluated by the change in the following characteristics of the stretched specimens:
1)degree of cracking (for this, according to the photographs of the samples, a conditional 4-, 6- or 10-point scale is made);
2)time to crackingτ and;
3)time to break τ p.
It is convenient to monitor the kinetics of crack development by the decrease in force R in a stretched ozonized sample. Wherein τ p corresponds to the moment when P = 0.
The ozone test is an effective method for studying the durability of rubbers at small deformations (tens of percent), which are typical for the operating conditions of most rubber products. The results of tests at elevated ozone concentrations also make it possible to predict rubbers that are not resistant to ozone, since in this case the durability is determined by the resistance of rubbers to ozone aging.
Bibliography: Zuev Yu. S. Destruction of polymers under the action of aggressive media, 2nd ed., M., 1972. Yu. S. Zuev,
Rubbers based on perfluoroelastomers do not have significant advantages at temperatures below 250 ˚С, and below 150 ˚С they are significantly inferior to rubbers made from rubbers of the SKF-26 type. However, at temperatures above 250 ˚С their heat resistance in compression is high.
The resistance to thermal aging in compression of rubbers from Viton GLT and VT-R-4590 rubbers depends on the content of organic peroxide and TAIC. The ODS value of rubber from Viton GLT rubber containing 4 wt. hours of calcium hydroxide, peroxide and TAIC after aging for 70 hours at 200 and 232˚C is 30 and 53%, respectively, which is much worse than that of Viton E-60C rubber. However, the replacement of carbon black N990 with finely ground bituminous coal can reduce the ODR to 21% and 36%, respectively.
The vulcanization of FA-based rubbers is usually carried out in two stages. Carrying out the second stage (temperature control) can significantly reduce the NDR and the rate of stress relaxation at elevated temperature. Typically, the temperature of the second stage of vulcanization is equal to or higher than the operating temperature. Temperature control of amine vulcanizates is carried out at 200-260 °C for 24 hours.
Rubbers based on organosilicon rubbers
The compressive heat resistance of rubbers based on KK significantly decreases with aging in conditions of limited air access. Thus, the RDR (280°C, 4 h) near the open surface and in the center of a 50 mm diameter cylindrical specimen made of rubber based on SKTV-1, sandwiched between two parallel metal plates, is 65 and 95–100%, respectively.
Depending on the purpose of ODS (177 ° C, 22 hours) for rubbers from KK can be: conventional - 20-25%, sealing - 15%; increased frost resistance-50%; increased strength - 30-40%, oil and petrol resistant - 30%. Increased thermal stability of CR rubbers in air can be achieved by creating siloxane cross-links in the vulcanizate, the stability of which is equal to the stability of rubber macromolecules, for example, during oxidation of the polymer followed by heating in vacuum. The stress relaxation rate of such vulcanizates in oxygen is much lower than that of peroxide and radiation vulcanizates SKTV-1. However, the value τ (300 °C, 80%) for rubbers made from the most heat-resistant rubbers SKTFV-2101 and SKTFV-2103 is only 10-14 hours.
The value of ODS and the rate of chemical stress relaxation of rubbers from CC at an elevated temperature decreases with an increase in the degree of vulcanization. This is achieved by increasing the content of vinyl units in rubber up to a certain limit, increasing the content of organic peroxide, heat treatment of the carved mixture (200-225 C, 6-7 hours) before vulcanization.
The presence of moisture and traces of alkali in the rubber compound reduces the heat resistance in compression. The rate of stress relaxation increases with increasing humidity in an inert environment or in air.
The value of ODS increases with the use of active silicon dioxide.
PROTECTION OF RUBBERS FROM RADIATION AGING
The most effective way to prevent undesirable changes in the structure and properties of rubber under the action of ionizing radiation is the introduction of special protective anti-rad additives into the rubber mixture. An ideal protective system should "work" simultaneously through various mechanisms, providing consistent "interception" of unwanted reactions at all stages of the radiation-chemical process. Below is an exemplary scheme for protecting polymers using
various additives at different stages of the radiation-chemical process:
| Stage | The action of the protective additive |
| Absorption of radiation energy. Intra- and Intermolecular Energy Transfer of Electronic Excitation | Dissipation of the energy of electronic excitation received by them in the form of heat or long-wave electromagnetic radiation without significant changes. |
| Ionization of a polymer molecule followed by recombination of an electron and a parent ion. Formation of superexcited states and dissociation of a polymer molecule. | Transfer of an electron to a polymer ion without subsequent excitation. Electron acceptance and decrease in the probability of neutralization reactions with the formation of excited molecules. |
| C ¾ H bond rupture, hydrogen atom abstraction, formation of a polymer radical. Elimination of the second hydrogen atom with the formation of H 2 and the second macroradical or double bond | Transfer of a hydrogen atom to a polymer radical. Acceptance of the hydrogen atom and prevention of its subsequent reactions. |
| Disproportionation or recombination of polymer radicals with the formation of an intermolecular chemical bond | Interaction with polymer radicals to form a stable molecule. |
As antirads for unsaturated rubbers, secondary amines are most widely used, which provide a significant reduction in the rates of crosslinking and destruction of NC vulcanizates in air, in nitrogen and vacuum. However, a decrease in the stress relaxation rate in NR rubbers containing N-phenyl-N"-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine antioxidant (4010) and N, N`-diphenyl-n-phenylenediamine was not observed. It is possible that the protective effect of these compounds is due to the presence of Aromatic amines, quinones and quinone imines, which are effective antirads of undeformed rubbers based on SKN, SKD and NK, have practically no effect on the rate of stress relaxation of these rubbers under the action of ionizing radiation in a gaseous nitrogen medium.
Since the action of antirads in rubbers is due to different mechanisms, the most effective protection can be provided by the simultaneous use of various antirads. The use of a protective group containing a combination of aldol-alpha-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-N "-isopropyl-n-phenylenediamine (diaphene FP), dioctyl-n-phenylenediamine and monoisopropyldiphenyl ensured the preservation of a sufficiently high εp rubber based on BNR up to a dose of 5∙10 6 Gy in air.
Saturated elastomers are much more difficult to protect. Hydroquinone, FCPD, and DOPD are effective antirads for rubbers based on a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, as well as fluoroelastomer. For rubbers based on CSPE, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate and polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (acetonanil) are recommended. The rate of destruction of sulfur vulcanizates BC is reduced by adding zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate or naphthalene to the rubber mixture; MMBF is effective in resin vulcanizates.
Many aromatic compounds (anthracene, di - tret - butyl- n-cresol), as well as substances interacting with macroradicals (iodine, disulfides, quinones) or containing labile hydrogen atoms (benzophenone, mercaptans, disulfides, sulfur), protecting unfilled polysiloxanes have not found practical application in the development of radiation-resistant organosilicon rubbers.
The effectiveness of the action of various types of ionizing radiation on elastomers depends on the magnitude of linear energy losses. In most cases, an increase in linear energy losses significantly reduces the intensity of radiation-chemical reactions, which is due to an increase in the contribution of intratrack reactions and a decrease in the probability of intermediate active particles leaving the track. If the reactions in the track are insignificant, which may be due to the rapid migration of electronic excitation or charge from the track, for example, before free radicals have time to form within it, then the effect of the type of radiation on the change in properties is not observed. Therefore, under the action of radiation with a high linear energy loss, the effectiveness of protective additives sharply decreases, which do not have time to prevent the occurrence of intratrack processes and reactions involving oxygen. Indeed, secondary amines and other effective antirads do not have a protective effect when polymers are irradiated with heavy charged particles.
Bibliography:
1. D.L. Fedyukin, F.A. Mahlis "Technical and technological properties of rubbers". M., "Chemistry", 1985.
2. Sat. Art. "Achievements of science and technology in the field of rubber". M., "Chemistry", 1969.
3. V.A. Lepetov "Rubber technical products", M., "Chemistry"
4. Sobolev V.M., Borodina I.V. "Industrial Synthetic Rubbers". M., "Chemistry", 1977
How long car tires last depends on how you use them, the condition of your car, and your driving style. Professional maintenance and constant checks will ensure safe driving.
Tires are in direct contact with the road, so it is very important to maintain the quality of tires in good condition, because safety, fuel economy and comfort depend on their quality. It is necessary not only to choose the right tires, but also to monitor their condition to prevent their premature aging and wear.
The main causes of damage and wear of car tires
There are always plenty of unpleasant surprises on the road, which eventually lead to tire damage and wear: stones, pits, glass. We can neither foresee nor prevent them. But the problems that arise due to high speed, air pressure and overload are completely dependent on the owner of the car and are completely solvable.
1. Driving at high speed
Watch the speed limit carefully! When driving at high speed, the risk of damage and tire wear is most likely, because the tires heat up more and lose pressure in them faster.
2. Tire pressure
Excessive and insufficient tire pressure reduces the life of the tires and leads to premature wear (tire overheating, reduced grip), so it is necessary to control sufficient tire pressure.
3. Overload
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for loading! To avoid overloading tires, carefully read the load index on the sidewall of the tire. This is the maximum value and should not be exceeded. When overloaded, a strong overheating of the tire also occurs, and, accordingly, its premature aging and wear.
How to protect tires from premature aging and wear
Even the highest quality and most expensive tires are short-lived. Tire wear and aging is only a matter of time, but it is in our power to increase tire life to the maximum. What can be done to extend the life of tires and protect them from wear? Here are some simple tips:
When should tires be changed?
A weekly tire inspection (inspection of tread depth, air pressure in the tires, existing damage to the sidewalls of the tires, the appearance of uneven wear marks) allows you to realistically assess the degree of wear and aging of tires. If doubts about the safety of using tires have crept into your head, then contact an experienced specialist for advice on further operation.
The tire must be replaced if:
Tire life
Tire life varies greatly, so it is almost impossible to predict how long a particular tire will last. The composition of the tire includes various ingredients and materials of the rubber compound that affect the life of the tire. Weather conditions, conditions of use and storage can also extend or shorten the life of tires. Therefore, in order to increase the life of tires, protect them from wear and aging, monitor their appearance, maintain tire pressure, the appearance of the following effects: noise, vibration or drift towards the car while driving, and of course, store them properly.
Tire storage rules
Even if the tires lie and are not used or are rarely used, they age. It is advisable not to store uninflated or dismantled tires for a long time in stacks. Also, do not store any foreign objects, especially heavy objects, on the tires. Avoid hot objects, flames, sparking sources and generators near the tires. When interacting with tires, it is recommended to use protective gloves.
Tires are stored in a dry, well-ventilated room at a constant temperature, protected from precipitation and direct sunlight. To avoid changing the structure of the rubber, do not store chemicals or solvents near the tires. Avoid storing sharp metal, wood or other objects near the tires that could damage them. Black rubber is afraid of an excess of heat and frost, and excessive moisture leads to its aging. Tires should not be washed under a strong water jet, soap or special detergent is sufficient.
From all of the above, the conclusion suggests itself that proper storage, operation and a comprehensive check of their condition will help protect tires from wear and aging.
RTI or rubber products have special characteristics, thanks to which they remain very popular. Especially modern ones. They have improved indicators of elasticity, impermeability to other materials and substances. They also have high electrical insulation and other qualities. It is not surprising that RTIs are increasingly being used not only in the automotive industry, but also in aviation.
When the vehicle is actively used and has a high mileage, the technical condition of the RTI is significantly reduced.
A little about the features of RTI wear
The aging of rubber and some types of polymers occurs under conditions that are affected by:
- warm;
- light;
- oxygen;
- ozone;
- stress/compression/tension;
- friction;
- working environment;
- operational period.
A sharp drop in conditions, especially climatic ones, has a direct impact on the state of rubber goods. Their quality is deteriorating. Therefore, polymer alloys are increasingly used, which are not afraid of lowering degrees and increasing them.
With a decrease in the quality of rubber products, they quickly fail. Often it is the spring-summer period, after the winter cold, that is a turning point. With an increase in temperature on a thermometer, the rate of aging of rubber goods increases by 2 times.
To ensure the loss of elasticity, it is enough for rubber products to survive a significant and sharp cold snap. But if the linings and bushings change their geometric shapes, small gusts and cracks appear, this will lead to a lack of tightness, which, in turn, leads to breakdowns of systems and connections in the car. The least that can appear is a leak.
If you compare rubber products, neoprene is better. Rubber RTIs are more subject to changes. If you do not protect both of them from the sun, fuels and lubricants, acidic or aggressive liquids, mechanical damage, they will not be able to pass even the minimum operational period specified by the manufacturer.
Features of different RTI
The properties of polyurethane and rubber rubber products are completely different. Therefore, storage conditions will be different.
Polyurethane is different in that it:
- plastic;
- elastic;
- not subject to crumbling (unlike rubber products);
- does not harden, like rubber, when the temperature drops;
- does not lose geometric shapes;
- with elasticity, hard enough;
- resistant to abrasive substances and aggressive environments.
Obtained by liquid mixing, this material is widely used in the automotive industry. Synthetic polymer is stronger than rubber. With a homogeneous composition, polyurethane retains its properties in different conditions, which simplifies the conditions and characteristics of its use.
As can be seen from the above material, polyurethane outperforms rubber products in terms of properties. But it doesn't apply everywhere. In addition, silicone alloys are emerging. And what is better - not every driver understands.
Polyurethane is technologically produced longer. 20 minutes are spent on the release of rubber RTI. And 32 hours for polyurethane. But rubber is a material born by mechanical mixing. This affects its heterogeneity of composition. And also entails a loss of elasticity and uniformity of the components. It is rubber hoses and sealed linings that harden and become stiffer during storage, crack on the surface and become soft inside. Their term is only 2-3 years.
Care and storage
A very important process - control over management - depends on the state and quality of RTI. To understand the importance of rubber products, you need to know that violations in their structure lead to the following consequences:
- increased tire wear under heavy load due to improper operation of some systems and connections;
- irregularities in the way of braking;
- perceptible violations in the feedback with the control through the steering wheel;
- destruction of neighboring parts or in nearby nodes.
RTI must be stored:
- Fold freely so that there is no excessive load or compaction;
- Control the required temperature regime in the range from zero to plus 25 degrees Celsius;
- In conditions where there is no high humidity, above 65%;
- In rooms where there are no fluorescent lamps (it is better to replace them with incandescent lighting devices);
- In conditions where there is no ozone in large quantities or devices that produce it;
- Paying attention to the presence / absence of direct rays of the sun (no direct UV exposure can be the same as the conditions that create thermal overheating for rubber products).
With fluctuations in temperature during the cold period and the hot season, it must be understood that the warranty period for the storage of rubber goods is reduced to a figure equal to 2 months.
