Dangerous cargo in road transport is, first of all, flammable, poisonous or even radioactive baggage in a car, transported for a specific purpose and in certain quantities. The carriage of dangerous goods is regulated by law. The main of these laws is called " European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road" (ADR). Drivers most often become interested in the rules for the transportation of such dangerous goods when it is necessary to transport gasoline or diesel fuel (diesel oil) in the trunk.
So, ADR regulate the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, and also have an exhaustive list of substances that can be classified as dangerous. This list includes, among other things, gasoline, kerosene and almost all other flammable substances.
At the same time, ADR allows the transportation of these hazardous substances to private individuals for personal use and for resale, but with a limited quantity and only in a certain container.
The provisions of ADR do not apply:
- to the carriage of dangerous goods by private persons when these goods are packaged for retail sale and intended for their personal consumption, domestic use, leisure or sport, provided that steps are taken to prevent any leakage of the contents under normal conditions of carriage. When such goods are flammable liquids carried in refillable receptacles filled by or for a private person, the total quantity shall not exceed 60 liters per vessel and 240 liters per transport unit.
That is, dangerous goods in the form of the same gasoline or diesel fuel, for example, we can transport in a volume of no more than 240 liters in total (this is a little more than one barrel) and bottled in vessels of no more than 60 liters each.
There are also requirements for vessels - they must not allow liquid to leak out, therefore plastic cans are not suitable here. Gas stations, however, sell canisters made of special plastic that is not corroded by fuel.
What is the penalty for transporting dangerous goods?
For violation of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, we will face a fine under Article 12.21.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses in the amount of 2 to 2.5 thousand rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 months to six months if we are private individuals, and even more if we are officials or legal .
12.21.2 Administrative Code:
1. Transportation of dangerous goods by a driver who does not have a certificate of training for drivers of vehicles carrying dangerous goods, a certificate of approval of the vehicle for the transport of dangerous goods, a special permit or an emergency card of the hazard information system provided for by the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, as well as the transport of dangerous goods cargo on a vehicle that is not designed to meet the requirements of the Dangerous Goods Regulations or lacks elements of a hazard information system or equipment or means used to deal with the consequences of an accident involving the transport of dangerous goods, or non-compliance with the conditions for the carriage of dangerous goods, provided for by these rules, entails the imposition of an administrative a fine on the driver in the amount of two thousand to two thousand five hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of four to six months; for officials responsible for transportation - from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; for legal entities - from four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles.
What substances are classified as dangerous goods?
Let's list the most common of them, which most often need to be transported! All substances have their own specific hazard class. First, we give a list of such classes, and then common substances and the hazard class assigned to them.
- Class 1 - Explosive substances and articles
- Class 2 - Gases
- Class 3 - Flammable Substances
- Class 4.1 - Flammable solids, self-reactive and solid explosives
- Class 4.2 - Substances capable of spontaneous combustion
- Class 4.3 - Substances which emit flammable gases when exposed to water
- Class 5.1 - Oxidizing substances
- Class 5.2 - Organic peroxides
- Class 6.1 - Toxic substances
- Class 6.2 - Infectious substances
- Class 7 - Radioactive substances
- Class 8 - Corrosive substances
- Class 9 - Other dangerous substances and articles
Hazardous Substances
| Substance or article | Class danger |
|---|---|
| ammo for weapons (including blanks) and ammunition | 1 |
| Gunpowder and detonators | 1 |
| bombs | 1 |
| Illumination rockets | 1 |
| firecrackers, sound and light distress signals | 1 |
| ammonium nitrate | 1 |
| Acetylene | 2 |
| Compressed air (including liquid) | 2 |
| Ammonia | 2 |
| Argon | 2 |
| Butane | 2 |
| Carbon dioxide | 2 |
| Chlorine | 2 |
| Cyanogen | 2 |
| Cyclopropane | 2 |
| Ether | 2 |
| Ethane | 2 |
| Fire extinguishers with compressed or liquefied gas | 2 |
| Helium | 2 |
| Hydrogen | 2 |
| hydrogen sulfide | 2 |
| methylamine | 2 |
| Lighters or lighter refills | 2 |
| Nitrogen compressed | 2 |
| Oxygen compressed or liquid | 2 |
| Propylene | 2 |
| Refrigerant gas | 2 |
| Acetone | 3 |
| Benzene | 3 |
| Camphor oil | 3 |
| Almost any adhesive | 3 |
| Aromatic liquid extracts | 3 |
| Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) | 3 |
| ethyl acetate | 3 |
| Fusel oil | 3 |
| Diesel fuel | 3 |
| Heating oil | 3 |
| gas oil | 3 |
| Petrol | 3 |
| Gasoline | 3 |
| Petrol | 3 |
| Nitroglycerin and its solutions | 3 |
| Hexane | 3 |
| Ink | 3 |
| Kerosene | 3 |
| methanol | 3 |
| Nitromethane | 3 |
| Paints (including enamels, dyes, varnish, varnish, solvent) | 3 |
| Perfumes containing flammable substances | 3 |
| Oil | 3 |
| coniferous oil | 3 |
| Resin oil | 3 |
| Medical tincture | 3 |
| Turpentine | 3 |
| Liquid antiseptics for wood | 3 |
| powdered aluminum | 4.1 |
| Matches | 4.1 |
| Naphthalene | 4.1 |
| Rubber | 4.1 |
| Activated carbon | 4.2 |
| alkaloids | 6.1 |
| Mercury and its acetates and many other derivatives | 6.1 |
| Any alkalis | 8 |
| Perchloric acid | 8 |
| Sulfuric acid | 8 |
| Acetic acid | 8 |
| Phosphoric acid | 8 |
| sulfurous acid | 8 |
| Aviation fuel | 3 |
| Pesticides | 5.2 |
A complete list of hazardous substances for transportation can be found at
It may seem that there is nothing complicated in transporting fuel. He poured it into a large barrel, which is called a fuel truck, and carried it to customers in the same way that they carry water or milk. And the fuel truck itself is not much different from the milk truck. Yes, almost nothing! From the point of view of an amateur, this is true, but in reality, everything is much more complicated.
Let's start with the fact that any liquid fuel is dangerous goods, of which there are many. Their transportation is regulated by many laws, and therefore, the organization of such transportation has been and remains an important and crucial moment.
Document classifying dangerous goods - GOST R 52734-2007. All of them fall into the following categories:
- Explosives which, under certain conditions, may cause an explosion,
- Gas and its varieties (compressed, liquefied, dissolved, etc.),
- Flammable liquids, including explosive ones,
- Solid flammable substances, or having the properties of spontaneous combustion by themselves or in contact with water,
- Various oxidizing agents and peroxides,
- Substances of an infectious and toxic nature,
- radioactive material,
- Acids, alkalis, etc.,
- Other substances that are also considered dangerous, but do not fit into one of the above groups.
Group 3 is just diesel fuel, gasoline and other liquid petroleum products. Of course, it is not the most dangerous, but it requires quite certain security measures during transportation. Moreover, the law does not limit the methods of transportation. For example, diesel fuel can be delivered by any type of transport: rail, road, etc. In this case, any vehicle must be specially equipped and the personnel must have a special permit. The fuel truck must have UN N2 OOH sign and danger sign number 3 on the back and front:
In addition, if more than 1000 liters of fuel are transported, the following conditions must be met:
- Availability of a document with the specified route of transportation.
- Availability of ADR (European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods), that is, evidence of the driver's preparation for the transport of hazardous substances.
- The presence of a document stating that the vehicle is approved for the transport of dangerous goods.
- Designation of the vehicle with dangerous goods plates.
- Availability of fire extinguishers.
The tanker for transportation is prepared in a certain way. If other fuel was transported in it before filling, the tank must be thoroughly washed and dried. No mixing of combustible substances is allowed. The tank must be grounded, which will reduce the likelihood of spontaneous ignition of the transported fuel. The tank must be marked with a sign indicating the type of dangerous goods. In the case of transportation in road tankers, these same tanks must be painted in a bright orange or red color with the inscription "Flammable".
A driver who has undergone special training and medical supervision, has at least 3 years of experience in driving such a vehicle, and is not under the influence of any drugs, may be allowed to drive a vehicle carrying dangerous goods. The driver must have a trace. documentation:
- Certificate of admission of the vehicle (issued by the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the place of registration).
- Contract of carriage in accordance with applicable law.
- A document defining the route of transportation (must be certified and / or compiled by the departments and divisions of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, through the territory of which the route passes).
- Emergency card (to be completed by the manufacturer of the hazardous substance).
- Consignment note.
Transporting fuel around the city of Moscow is even more difficult. You need to have a special license allowing the transport of dangerous goods inside the third transport ring. Our company has such a license and delivers fuel to any point in Moscow.
"Oil-Expo" - wholesale supplies of diesel fuel and gasoline in Moscow and the region.
In this case, any vehicle must be specially equipped and the personnel must have a special permit. The fuel truck must have UN N2 OOH sign and hazard sign number 3 on the back and front: In addition, if more than 1000 liters of fuel are transported, the following conditions must be met:
- Availability of a document with the specified route of transportation.
- Availability of ADR (European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods), that is, evidence of the driver's preparation for the transport of hazardous substances.
- The presence of a document stating that the vehicle is approved for the transport of dangerous goods.
- Designation of the vehicle with dangerous goods plates.
- Availability of fire extinguishers.
The tanker for transportation is prepared in a certain way. If other fuel was transported in it before filling, the tank must be thoroughly washed and dried.
Rules for the transportation of petroleum products
- Where can I get a transport permit?
- Deadline for issuing a certificate.
- List of documents for obtaining permission.
- Renewal of the certificate for the transport of dangerous goods.
- Requirements for a car when obtaining a permit.
- How much does a certificate cost?
- The procedure for issuing a permit.
- How long is the certificate issued for?
- Penalty for lack of permission.
Let's get started. Where can I get a transport permit? 19. The public service is provided by the subdivision of the State traffic inspectorate at the place of application of the applicant. The certificate can be obtained at any traffic police department in Russia.
Deadline for issuing the certificate is 22.
Rules for the transportation of diesel fuel and petroleum products
Calculations do not take into account 60 liters of gasoline or diesel fuel in portable fuel tanks (if they are transported on a vehicle). Example. On the transport unit it is transported: one 200-liter barrel with motor gasoline (200 l); two 200-liter drums with diesel fuel (400 l); three 20-liter canisters with motor gasoline (60 l). It is necessary to determine whether it is necessary to obtain for such transportation, the coordination of the route for the road transport of dangerous goods.
Solution. 200 * 3 + 400 \u003d 1000 60 liters of gasoline transported in canisters are not taken into account when making calculations. Conclusion. Since the obtained value does not exceed 1000, when transporting gasoline and diesel fuel in the indicated quantities, it is not necessary to obtain an agreement on the route for the transport of dangerous goods by road.
How much fuel can be carried in the cabin or trunk of a car?
Attention
This issue is discussed in detail in a separate article. Please note that for all the listed documents, except for the passport and the application, you must also provide photocopies. The regulations do not address the issue of copying documents, so I recommend making copies in advance.
Otherwise, you will have to copy documents next to the traffic police, and this is usually quite expensive. Renewal of a certificate for the transport of dangerous goods If the car owner has already received a permit for the transport of dangerous goods, then the document can simply be extended. In this case, the old certificate should be taken with you, because.
department employees must put a mark in it. Otherwise, the renewal procedure is exactly the same as when you first received the document. Requirements for a car upon obtaining a permit The driver will be denied the issuance of documents in the following cases:
- Checkup omission.
How to apply for a permit for the transport of dangerous goods?
In this case, the placement of petroleum products requires special containers that comply with the requirements of GOST 1510-84. It should be borne in mind that petroleum products can be transported on ordinary rolling stock if their quantity does not exceed the norms established by the Rules. Example: for gasoline this quantity is 333 liters, for diesel fuel 1000 liters. When transporting both types together, the allowable amount is calculated as the amount of gasoline multiplied by 3, plus the actual amount of diesel fuel. The total amount should not exceed 1000 viscous (oils, special lubricants) petroleum products, canisters and flasks with a capacity of 5 to 50 liters, metal or polymer barrels with a capacity of 48 to 250 liters are used.
Rules for the transportation of gasoline in tankers 2018
If the amount of the transported substance exceeds the established Rules (for gasoline and diesel fuel, for example, 60 liters), the container must be appropriately marked. The amount of substance in each barrel or canister should not exceed 95% of its geometric capacity. Commercial petroleum products are transported in factory packaging placed in standard packages (boxes, boxes) or on pallets covered with thermal film. Some types of solid petroleum products (paraffin, cold bitumen , some others) can be transported in non-specialized containers - cardboard or paper drums, boxes, boxes, etc. For the transportation of liquid petroleum products in large quantities on general-purpose rolling stock, flexitanks are widely used - elastic loose containers for standard containers. Their volume is from 10 to 24 thousand liters.
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Fuel delivery is a popular service
There is not a single area in industry and in the national economy, wherever fuel is used. People's lives directly depend on the use of fuel products. Any type of transport will not work without fuel, even rail transport uses fuel, despite the fact that most of the rolling stock is driven mainly by electric trains. And aviation and sea vessels are operated only with the help of fuel, with the exception of nuclear icebreakers and submarines. Transportation of oil derivatives is carried out by all modes of transport.
Any fuel - kerosene, gasoline, diesel fuel - is the result of oil refining, which means it is a dangerous cargo. Fuel delivery is carried out in special tanks, which are produced in accordance with all safety rules and international standards. Before pouring fuel into an empty tank, it must be checked for cleanliness, since nothing should interact with oil products. Each container has a special breakwater to dampen the fluctuations of the liquid during the transportation of cargo, when stopping or, conversely, when the vehicle picks up speed. The tank is never completely filled, it is necessary to leave free space in the tank. The hatch of the tank is closed hermetically, using a plug.
The role of fuel trucks in the delivery of fuel
Transportation of fuel is carried out by fuel trucks, which have grounding. Draining of fuel from the fuel truck is carried out using pumps. According to the rules, each fuel truck must have a sign that indicates the danger of the cargo being transported. During the transportation of cargo, the driver of the vehicle must constantly be in touch with the dispatcher. Delivery of fuel by fuel trucks is carried out over short distances. Each driver must have a special permit to work on a fuel tanker. In other cases, they resort to the services of railway transport.
Transportation of fuel by rail is quite cheap, and a huge number of tanks can be used. But the fuel will still have to be delivered to the recipient of the cargo by fuel trucks. The main part of the fuel is transported by tankers by sea vessels. A large volume of cargo is placed in a tanker, and the price of transportation is insignificant in comparison with other modes of transport. The only negative properties of sea transportation can be called only a small speed and the impact on the delivery of weather conditions.
The Ruchi oil depot in the Krasnogvardeisky district of the city is one of the three PTK oil depots and one of the largest in St. Petersburg. It is designed for the simultaneous storage of 118 thousand liters of fuel. Built in the 30s of the last century, it has been modernized several times, technical re-equipment is still underway.
The location is dictated by technology: Ruchi is a railway station, because it is along the rails in tanks that gasoline and diesel fuel come from the refinery to the city. At the same time, the tank farm can take 16 railway tanks of gasoline and the same amount of diesel fuel. And this is 1,900 tons of one-time discharge of oil products and the ability to process 128 tanks per day. Oil products are released into tank trucks automatically.
Automotive gasoline of grades AI-92, AI-95, AI-98 and diesel fuel of ecological classes "Euro-4" and "Euro-5" are stored here. Fuel from different tanks is poured into single tanks according to the octane number, even if the suppliers are different - this is the technology.
The proven fuel is poured into fuel trucks, and it is at this stage that so-called marketing additives are added to the fuel for AI-95 positions, sold as "improved". Fundamentally, they do not change the properties of the fuel. By the way, adding additives to increase the octane number is illegal, in which case gasoline or diesel will not comply with the technical regulations.
Quality control
While a new, more spacious laboratory is being built on the territory of the tank farm, the quality control of petroleum products is ensured by the old, but solid Fuel Testing Laboratory, accredited by Rosstandart. Like the oil depot, it works around the clock. 18 people work here. They are connected at all stages of work with fuel: during acceptance, storage and release. Modern equipment (both foreign and domestic) of the laboratory practically duplicates what is used at existing refineries, and allows you to determine all the indicators of gasoline and diesel fuel.
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A rather bulky apparatus for determining the octane number of fuel worth 14 million rubles flaunts in a separate room of the laboratory. The procedure itself is quite noisy (hence the name "tap on the octane") and lasts about 20 minutes. Therefore, specialists in the field of petrochemistry are skeptical about all kinds of express tests to determine the octane number - they know that this process is time-consuming and expensive.
The quality of fuel at the oil depot is not lower than the 4th class.
For a car, it is important that the gasoline or diesel fuel poured into it be at least 3rd class or Euro-3. The 4th and 5th classes are more related to environmental standards and do not affect engine operation, but emissions.
Andrey Mikheev, CEO of PTK
The laboratory conducts mainly internal control. But any motorist can also apply here with a request to conduct a study. Suppose a driver suspects that his car has become worse after refueling. So, a control analysis will cost 4.5 - 6.5 thousand rubles, and a complete analysis of diesel fuel - from 25 to 30 thousand rubles. True, in each case the price is individual and depends on the purpose of the study.
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At the gas station
Arriving at a gas station, a fuel truck unloads its valuable cargo through creamy necks into fuel storage tanks (their volume can reach 50 cubic meters). They are located underground. By the way, there are gas stations that can hold more than 200 cubic meters, but then they are already considered mini-oil depots. Each neck of the tank is signed, so it's hard to make a mistake. The gas station operator is closely monitoring the drain. Each time a gas station employee takes a sample of fresh fuel, this is necessary in case the gas station claims the quality of the goods sold.
