For the selection of equipment according to the range and quantity, tables of technological equipment and specialized tools for service stations, standard sets of technological equipment for zones and sections of service stations of various capacities, catalogs, reference books are used. The selected equipment is entered into the statement:

Full equipment of the designed site is presented in Table. 1-table. 3.

Table 1 - Technological equipment

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	Number of units	Area, m 2
	Cathead
	Lift		2800×1650×2610
	Grease blower
	Air dispenser for cars
	Compressor
	sharpening machine
	Trolley for removal and installation of wheels
	Locksmith workbench		1650×1600×1600
	Mobile tool trolley
	Desktop vertical hand press
Total: 19.07

Table 2 - Organizational equipment

Table 3 - Industrial packaging and containers

3.2 Calculation of the area of ​​the designed unit

To calculate the area of ​​the projected site, the formula is used:

The total area of ​​horizontal projections of equipment located outside the territory occupied by posts, m 2;

Density factor for the arrangement of posts and equipment.

The value depends on the dimensions and location of the equipment. With a two-sided arrangement of equipment, a value is taken - 4 ... 4.5.

Thus, the area of ​​the projected site is:

3.3 Site layout

Rice. 3.1 - Plan of the TO zone - 1

Site equipment:

1. Electromechanical lift P - 133.

Elevator type - stationary, electro-hydraulic, two-plunger, universal, with variable distance between the axes of the cylinders. The movable cylinder of the lift is suspended from the carriage, which, with the help of a mechanized drive (AOL2-11-6 electric motor, M-103 worm gearbox, chain drive) moves along channel beams fixed in a special ditch.

Rice. 3.2 - Electromechanical lift P - 133

2. Grease blower NIIAT - 390

The grease blower is mounted on a metal plate with four wheels. A hopper 1 with a capacity of 14 kg of lubricant and a plunger pump 6 are installed on the plate, developing a pressure of 220-250 kg / cm². the pump is driven by an electric motor through a gear reducer covered by a sump.

Rice. 3.3 - Solid oil supercharger NIIAT - 390

3. Air dispenser C - 411

It is used when inflating or inflating car tires in automatic mode and turning off the air supply when the specified tire pressure is reached. Powered by a stand-alone compressor equipped with an air purification system from moisture and mechanical impurities

Rice. 3.4- Air dispenser C - 411

4. Machine grinding - grinding ZE - 631

Designed for sharpening metal-cutting, woodworking and other tools, including drill bits, as well as performing plumbing work.

Rice. 3.5 - Grinding and grinding machine ZE - 631

5. Crane - beam NS - 12111

The crane-bridge type lifting mechanism, in which the hoist moves along the driving beam. The electric beam crane is driven by an electric motor powered by the mains (through a contact wire or cable).

Rice. 3.6 - . Crane - beam NS - 12111

6. Trolley for removing and installing wheels H - 217

Rolling trolley mechanical H - 217. Designed for removal and transportation of wheels and wheel sets of trucks, the maximum weight of the lifted load is 700 kg, the maximum force on the drive handle is 30 kg, the maximum lifting height is 150 mm.

Rice. 3.7 - Trolley for removing and installing wheels H - 217

Federal Agency for Education GOU SPO

Rubtsovsk Machine-Building College

COURSE WORK

Topic: “Technological calculation of the TO-1 zone for the ATP, consisting of 210 VAZ-21102 vehicles with an actual mileage from the start of operation of 242 thousand km.

Completed by: Student gr. 9TO-06

Zaika E.S.

Gornyak 2009

Introduction

1. Research part

1.2 Characteristics of the TO-1 zone

2. Settlement part

2.1.1 Selection of initial data

2.1.3 Correction of mileage to TO-2 and TR

2.1.9 Annual mileage

2.7 Calculation of production area

3. Organizational part

3.1 Organization of ATP

4.2 Safety requirements for maintenance and repair

4.5 Electrical safety precautions

4.6 Calculation of site lighting

4.7 Ventilation calculation

Conclusion

Introduction

The car is the most widespread mechanical vehicle in the modern world. The advent of the internal combustion engine, light, compact and relatively powerful, opened up great opportunities for the car. And in 1885, the German inventor G. Daimler created the first motorcycle with a gasoline engine, and already in 1886, the German inventor K. Benz patented a three-wheeled car. Industrial production of cars began in Europe, and in 1892 the American inventor G. Ford built a conveyor assembly car. In Russia, cars began to be assembled in 1890 from imported parts at the Frese and K 0 factories. In 1908, the assembly of Rus-so-Balt cars began at the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works in Riga, first from imported parts, and then from parts of domestic production. However, the year 1924 is considered the beginning of the domestic automotive industry, when the first domestic AMO-F 1.5-ton trucks with a 30 hp engine were manufactured at the AMO plant (now ZIL - the Moscow Likhachev Plant). With.

In 1927, the first domestic new car NAMI-1 appeared with an 18.5 hp engine. With the commissioning of the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1932, the intensive development of the domestic automotive industry began. A big breakthrough in the production of domestic passenger cars was the commissioning of the Volga Automobile Plant (VAZ, 1970) and the Kama Automobile Plant (KamAZ, 1976) for the production of trucks.

Currently, there is an intensive improvement of vehicle designs, increasing their reliability and performance, reducing operating costs, and improving all types of safety. More frequent updating of produced models is being carried out, giving them higher consumer qualities that meet modern requirements.

Car repair is an objective necessity, which is due to technical and economic reasons.

Firstly, the needs of the national economy in cars are partially satisfied through the operation of repaired cars.

Secondly, the repair ensures the continued use of those elements of cars that are not completely worn out. As a result, a significant amount of past work is preserved.

Thirdly, the repair contributes to savings and materials used for the manufacture of new cars. When restoring parts, the consumption of metal is 20...30 times lower than in their manufacture.

Auto repair production, having received significant development, has not yet fully realized its potential. In terms of efficiency, organizational and technical level, it still lags behind the main production - the automotive industry. The quality of repairs remains low, the cost is high, the level of mechanization reaches only 25...40%, as a result of which labor productivity is two times lower than in the automotive industry. Car repair and motor transport enterprises are mainly equipped with universal equipment of a high degree of deterioration and low accuracy. These negative aspects of the current state of auto repair production and determine the path of its development.

Analysis, calculations and practice show that the structure of the road transport repair base should consist of three types of enterprises, corresponding to the level of technological complexity of the repair work performed:

ATP workshops that perform minor current repairs without disassembling the units;

Without the most complex centralized current repairs associated with the development of a unit for replacing nodes;

Plants for the overhaul of units, the organizational basis of which should be a non-impersonal repair method.

In this course project, we calculate the TO-1 zone in a motor transport enterprise and analyze organizational work. As well as an analysis of work on safety in the TO-1 zone.

1. Research part

1.1 Characteristics of a motor transport company

The importance of road transport in the development of the improvement of production is increasing. At the same time, special attention is paid to improving the quality of maintenance and current repairs - one of the most important conditions for the correct use and technical readiness of vehicles, and reducing repair and operating costs.

Repair in the conditions of ATP should be carried out with the availability of qualified repair personnel, the necessary equipment and spare parts.

This ATP is located in Barnaul, it is engaged in the transportation of passengers. This enterprise owns 210 VAZ-21102 vehicles. The company carries out all types of maintenance and repair.

The ATP monitors the quality of maintenance and repair, as well as the implementation of safety requirements for the technical condition of vehicles and the application of methods for their verification in accordance with current state standards and other regulatory and technical documents. Take measures for the rational distribution of rolling stock, spare parts, operating materials, equipment and tooling necessary for timely and high-quality maintenance and repair.

To maintain the fleet of vehicles in good condition and ensure the required technical readiness, the company has a set of subdivisions for maintenance and repair, which includes the necessary buildings, structures and equipment. The complex of repair subdivisions includes the projected zone TO-1.

1.2 Characteristics of the TO-1 zone

The TO-1 zone is intended for carrying out maintenance of vehicles, as well as for repairing vehicles and ensuring the working condition of the rolling stock with the restoration of its individual units, assemblies and parts that have reached the limit state. Maintenance is understood as a set of operations (adjusting, lubricating, fixing), the purpose of which is to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions (increase reliability) and reduce wear of parts (increase durability), and, therefore, to maintain the car in a state of constant technical readiness and serviceability for a long time.

The TO-1 zone works on a five-day working week in one shift from 8:00 to 17:00 with a lunch break from 12:00 to 13:00.

The development of the project for the TO-1 zone for the car park is of great importance, and the choice and placement of equipment were made based on the technological process of maintenance and overhaul of VAZ-21102 vehicles.

2. Settlement part

2.1 Calculation of the annual production program

2.1.1 Selection of initial data

Initial data and tasks for design:

1. Type of rolling stock - VAZ-21102

2. List number of Aspis cars. = 210

3. Vehicle mileage since the start of operation Ln = 242,000 km

4. Average daily car mileage Lcc = 400 km

6. Natural and climatic conditions - temperate cold climate

7. Number of working days in a year Drg = 253 days

8. Time on duty - 24 hours.

The initial data taken from the regulatory literature are entered in Table 1.

Table 1 - Initial data

2.1.2 Correction of the frequency of maintenance and TR

The adjusted value of the frequency of TO-1 and TO-2 is determined by the formula:

L1 \u003d Li * K1 * K2 * K3,

where Li is the normative periodicity of maintenance;

K1 - coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on the category of operation;

K3 - coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on periodical climatic conditions;

L1 = 4000 km; K1 = 0.8; K2 = 1.0; K3 = 0.9; L2 = 16000 km;

L1 \u003d 4000 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.9 \u003d 2880 km;

L2 \u003d 16000 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.9 \u003d 11520 km;

The corrected mileage to KR is found by the formula:

Lcr \u003d Lcr.n * K1 * K2 * K3,

Where Lkr.n is the norm of mileage to KR;

K1 - coefficient taking into account the category of operating conditions;

K2 - coefficient taking into account the modification of the rolling stock;

K3 - coefficient taking into account climatic conditions;

Lcr.n = 180000 km; K1 = 0.8; K2 = 1.0; K3 = 0.9;

Lcr \u003d 180000 * 0.8 * 1.0 * 0.9 \u003d 129600 km.

2.1.3 Correction of mileage to TO-2 and TR by the multiplicity of the average daily mileage

The multiplicity factor between the values ​​of the frequency of maintenance of the average daily run is found by the formula:

n1 = L1/Lcc,

where L1 is the normative frequency of TO-1;

Lss - 400 km; L1 = 2880;

n1 = 2880/400 = 7.2 (take 7).

Then the accepted value with the normative frequency TO-1 is found by the formula:

L1 \u003d Lcc * n1,

where n1 is the correction factor

L1 \u003d 400 * 7 \u003d 2800 km.

The multiplicity factor between the values ​​of the periodicity of TO-2 and the received TO-1 is determined by the formula:

n2=L2/L1,

where L1 and L2 are the normative frequency of TO-1 and TO-2;

n2 = 11520/2800 = 4.1 (take 4).

Then the accepted value of the adjusted TO-2 is determined by the formula:

L2 = L1*n2,

where L1 is the normative frequency of TO-1;

n2 is the correction factor;

L1 = 2800; n2 = 4;

L2 \u003d 2800 * 4 \u003d 11200 km.

The multiplicity factor between the values ​​of the average cycle run of the accepted periodicity TO-2 is determined by the formula:

n3 = Lcr/L2,

where Lkr is the norm of mileage to KR;

Lcr = 129600; L2 = 11200;

n3 = 129600/11200 = 11.57 (take 12).

Then the accepted value of the average cycle run is determined by the formula:

Lcr \u003d L2 * n3,

where L2 is the normative frequency of TO-2;

n3 is the correction factor;

L2 = 11200; n3 = 12;

Lcr \u003d 11200 * 12 \u003d 134400 km.

2.1.4 Correction of the norm of days of downtime in maintenance and repair

Correction of the norm of idle days in maintenance and repair is determined by the formula:

dto and tr \u003d d n to and tr * K4 (average), days / 1000 km

where К4(ср) is the correction factor for the specific labor intensity of the current repair and the downtime in maintenance and repair, depending on the mileage since the start of operation.

Since we have mileage from the beginning of operation 242,000 km, and the mileage for the VAZ-21102 to the Kyrgyz Republic is 180,000, then the share of mileage from the beginning of operation will be 242,000/180,000 = 1.34. Then K4(cp) = 1.4

dto and tr \u003d 0.3 * 1.4 \u003d 0.42 days / 1000 km

2.1.5 Correction of the specific labor intensity of TO-1

Correction of the specific labor intensity of the current repair is determined by the formula:

tto-1 \u003d t n to-1 * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5, man-hour / 1000 km

where K1 = 1.2 is the coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on the category of operation

K2 = 1.0 - coefficient taking into account the modification of the rolling stock

K3 = 1.1 - coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on natural and climatic conditions

K4 = 1.6 is the coefficient for correcting the standards for the specific labor intensity of current repairs and the downtime in maintenance and repair, depending on the mileage since the start of operation

K5 \u003d 0.95 - labor intensity adjustment coefficient

tto-1 \u003d 2.3 * 1.2 * 1.0 * 1.1 * 1.6 * 0.95 \u003d 4.6 man-hours / 1000 km

Based on the results of the calculations, we will compile a table for adjusting the mileage of cars to TO-1, TO-2 and KR for a motor transport company (taxi fleet).

Table 2 - Correction of mileage to TO-1, TO-2 and KR

2.1.6 Calculation of the number of maintenance per 1 car per cycle

The number of TO-2 is found by the formula:

N2 \u003d Lcr / L2-Nk,

L2 - normative frequency of TO-2;

Nk - the number of CR per cycle;

Lcr = 134400 km; L2 = 11200 km; Nc = 1;

N2 = 134400/11200-1 = 11.

The number of TO-1 is found by the formula:

N1 \u003d Lkr / L1-Nk-N2,

where Lkr is the value of the run to KR;

L1 - normative frequency of TO-1;

Nk - the number of CR per cycle;

N2 - the number of TO-2 per 1 car;

Lcr = 134400 km; L1 = 2800 km; Nc = 1; N2 = 11;

N1 = 134400/2800-1-11 = 36.

The number of EOs is found by the formula:

Neo \u003d Lcr / Lss,

where Lkr is the value of the run to KR;

Lss - average daily mileage of the car;

Lcr = 134400 km; Lcc = 400 km;

Neo = 134400/400 = 336

2.1.7 Availability factor

The coefficient of technical readiness for each car at the enterprise is determined by the cycle mileage:

αt = De/(De + Dto and tr + Dcr),

where Te - days of operation for the cycle run:

De \u003d Lkr / Lss, days

where Lcr = 134,400 km is the calculated value, the adjusted overhaul mileage

Lss = 400 km - average daily mileage

Te = 134400/400 = 336 days

days of downtime in MOT and TR per cycle run:

Dto and tr \u003d Lkr * dto and tr / 1000, days

where dto and tr \u003d 0.42 - the calculated value

Dto and tr \u003d 134400 * 0.42 / 1000 \u003d 57 days

idle days in the Kyrgyz Republic:

Dcr = dcr + dtrans, days

where dcr \u003d 18 days - the initial standard

dtrans \u003d 0.15 * d cr, days - days of transportation

dtrans = 0.15*18 = 3 days

Dcr \u003d 18 + 3 \u003d 21 days

αt \u003d 336 / (336 + 57 + 21) \u003d 0.81

2.1.8 Vehicle utilization rate

The coefficient of use of cars is determined by the formula:

αi = Drg*Ki* αt /365

where Drg is the number of working days in a year

αt - coefficient of technical readiness

Ki \u003d 0.93 - coefficient of the system for using technically serviceable cars for organizational reasons

αi \u003d 253 * 0.93 * 0.81 / 365 \u003d 0.52

2.1.9 Annual mileage

Annual mileage, determined by the formula:

∑Lg = 365*Au*lss*αi, km

where Ai = 210 - the list number of ATP vehicles, pcs

lss = 400 km - average daily mileage

αi is the coefficient of use of cars

∑Lg \u003d 365 * 210 * 400 * 0.52 \u003d 15943200 km

The coefficient of transition from cycle to year is found by the formula:

hg = Lg / Lkr,

where Lg = ∑Lg/Ai is the annual mileage of the car;

Lkr - the value of the run to the KR;

Lg = 15943200/210 = 75920 km; Lcr = 134400 km;

hg = 75920/134400 = 0.56

The annual production program is determined by the formula:

Ng = åLg/Lcr;

Ng = 15943200/134400 = 119

The shift program is calculated by the formula:

Ncm \u003d Ng / Drg * Ccm * hg

where Ccm = 1 – single-shift mode of operation;

Ncm \u003d 119/253 * 1 * 0.56 \u003d 1.36 (we accept Ncm \u003d 2)

2.1.10 Total annual labor intensity of TO-1

The annual volume of work (the time that production workers need to spend to complete the annual production program) is the annual labor intensity of repairing products in man-hours.

∑Тto-1 = tto-1*∑Lg/1000, man-hour

where tto-1 \u003d 4.6 man-hours - adjusted specific labor intensity;

∑Tto-1 = 4.6 * 15943200/1000 = 73338.7 man-hours

2.2 Calculation of universal posts TO-1

The post tact is determined by the formula:

τ \u003d (tto-1 * 60 / Rp) + tper.,

where tto-1 is the labor intensity of work on TO-1;

Rp - the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post;

tper - the time of movement of the car when it is installed at the post;

tto-1 = 4.6; Rp = 2; tper = 2;

τ \u003d (4.6 * 60 / 2) + 2 \u003d 140;

Knowing the operating mode of the zone and the daily production program, the rhythm of production is determined:

Rto-1 \u003d Tsn * C * 60 / Ns to-1,

where Tsn is the multiplicity of the working shift of the TO-1 zone;

C - the number of shifts in the TO-1 zone;

Nc to-1 is the daily production program of the TO-1 zone;

TSN = 7; c = 1; Nc then-1 = 17;

Rtr \u003d 7 * 1 * 60 / 2 \u003d 210

The number of universal posts for performing TR is determined by the formula:

Xto-2 = Rto-1 /τ

where τ is the cycle of the station of the TO-1 zone;

Rtr is the production rhythm of TO-1 zone;

τ = 140; Rto-2 = 210;

Xto-1 \u003d 210/140 \u003d 1.5 (we accept 2 posts).

2.3 Calculation of the number of production workers

The number of technologically necessary performers who actually come to work in the TO-1 zone is calculated by the formula:

Rt \u003d ∑Tto-1 / Fm, people

where ∑Tto-1 is the annual labor intensity of work in the TO-1 zone;

Fm = 1860 - annual fund of time.

c - distribution of people simultaneously working at posts.

c = 8,

Rt = 73338.7 / 1860 * 5 = 4.92 people (we accept 5 car mechanics)

2.4 Selection and justification of the method of organizing the technological process

The choice of the method of organizing the technological process is determined by the shift (daily) program Nc to-1 = 2, which is less than recommended for the in-line method (Nc to-1 = 6 - 8) services, therefore, in this case, either the method of dead-end specialized posts should be applied, or the method of universal posts. The method of universal posts leads to frequent transitions of workers of certain specialties between posts, to movement from place to place with equipment and devices. To avoid this, most posts have to be equipped with a whole set of technological equipment, knowing in advance that the need for it will arise only sporadically.

The method of specialized posts creates an opportunity for a wider mechanization of work, contributes to an increase in labor and technological discipline, reduces the need for equipment of the same type, and increases the quality of repairs and labor productivity. Thus, we choose the method of dead-end specialized posts.

2.5 Distribution of workers by specialty positions, qualifications and jobs

Table 3 - Distribution by posts

Table 4 - Distribution of workers by specialties, qualifications and jobs

	worker number	Number of performers	Speciality	Qualification	serviced
					Clutch, gearbox, wheel drive, brake system
					Steering, front and rear suspension
					Tires and hubs
					Vehicle diagnostics and adjustment.
			Auto electrician		Electrical equipment and power supply system.

2.6 Selection of technological equipment

This project provides for the organization of TO-1 at dead-end posts by specialized units of workers, in the TO-1 area, related maintenance work is carried out.

Table 5-List of process equipment

	Name of equipment		Dimensional dimensions, m
	oil tank
	Air dispenser
	Exhaust gas suction unit
	Wooden grating for feet		Not standard
	Brake test kit
	Waste bin
	Chest for cleaning materials
	Locksmith workbench
	Post of electrical engineer
	Cabinet for instruments and fixtures
	Tool box
	Battery transport trolley
	Fire shield and sand box
	Brake fluid tank
	Hydraulic Mobile Lift
	Tire inflation compressor
	Transport trolley
	Inspection ditch
	Shelving unit
	Cathead
	Electric ditch wrench
	Mounting table

2.7 Calculation of the TO-1 zone area

The area of ​​the zone is determined by the formula:

Fto-1 \u003d fo * Kn + Xto-1 * fa,

where fa is the area of ​​the car in plan;

Xto-1 - the number of universal posts;

Кn is the coefficient of the density of the arrangement of posts, taking into account the presence of passages and driveways;

fo – equipment area, sq.m.;

fa \u003d 1.65 * 4.33 \u003d 7.14 m 2; Xto-1 = 2; Kn = 4.5;

Fto-1 \u003d 11.159 * 5.0 + 2 * 7.14 \u003d 70.075 microvolts.

We accept the area of ​​the zone as 71 microns, namely 9 m in length and 8 m in width.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1 Organization of ATP

Before entering the territory of the ATP, the car passes through a checkpoint (checkpoint), where it is inspected by the mechanic on duty. Then, in the EO zone, the car is cleaned, washed and wiped, that is, it is prepared for operation the next day. These works are performed at several successively located sites - posts.

Figure 1 - Scheme of TP for car maintenance in ATP

A separate room is allocated at the ATP for carrying out TO-1. At the same time, several cars are served in the zone, they are usually located one after the other. A large area is occupied by the TO-2 and maintenance (TR) zones, which are combined in one room. In these areas, cars stand for a relatively long time, and therefore they are located so that cars do not interfere with each other when entering and leaving, and it is convenient for workers to work.

The technical condition of cars is checked, as a rule, before they are sent to the TO-1, TO-2 zones or current repairs. These works are carried out at the diagnostic point. The car can be re-checked even after maintenance and repair, and therefore the diagnostic points are located near the technical areas.

In the auxiliary production departments of the ATP, they control and repair parts and assemblies removed from vehicles. Some departments serve only the repair area of ​​the enterprise, while others, in addition to repair work, carry out preventive work.

3.2 Organization of the management of the technical service of the ATP

The technical service of the ATP is designed to maintain the rolling stock in a technically sound condition throughout its entire service life, up to and including decommissioning. To this end, the technical service organizes all types of preventive maintenance, current repairs, preparation of vehicles and units for the direction of overhaul, storage of vehicles and the performance of a number of other functions.

At the same time, this service monitors the correct technical operation of vehicles on the line.

The organizational structure of the technical service management is built on a linear principle, when each unit has one immediate supervisor.

The management structure of the ATP is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Scheme of the management structure of the ATP.

The technical service is headed by the chief engineer of the ATP, who is subordinate to several functionally independent units. The number of such units depends on the capacity and purpose of the enterprise, as well as on the adopted organizational structure of management.

The leading role among all the technical divisions of the ATP belongs to the production department (workshops), to which all technical zones, sections and workshops with workers are subordinate. Operational management of all work is carried out by the department through a shift technical production manager. At the enterprises of road transport, a centralized control system for the technical service has become widespread, which is a prototype of the automated control subsystem of the entire ATP as a whole. It provides for a clear separation of the administrative and operational functions of the management personnel and the concentration of all operational work in the production control center (PMC).

The production control center consists of two groups: the operational planning group, which includes technical production dispatchers, and the information processing and analysis group, which has close operational links with other departments of the ATP. The MCC provides for work based on the technological principle of the formation of production units. In addition, each type of technical impact is performed by a specialized team or section. The brigade and sections that perform work of a homogeneous nature are combined into production complexes.

Five independent complexes have been created at the production control center: diagnostics, maintenance (including EO, TO-1, TO-2), maintenance and repair sites (workshops) and, finally, a pre-production complex. Each complex includes several brigades and sections. Thus, the pre-production complex includes a picking section (selection of working capital, spare parts) and an intermediate warehouse.

The functions of the technical control department (QCD) include checking the quality of work performed by the workers of the production department, as well as monitoring the technical condition of all vehicles, regardless of their location. QCD administratively reports to either the chief engineer or the director of the enterprise. The latter is preferable, as it enhances the authority of the OTC and creates more favorable working conditions for its employees. An important stage in the organization of QCD is the selection of personnel, in which the principle should operate: the superiority of the knowledge of the controller over the knowledge of the controlled. The QCD employee must know the technological process well, be able not only to detect product defects, but also to establish the cause of their occurrence, and also to participate in the development of measures to improve the quality of product output.

3.3 Organization of the workplace

The place where the work is carried out must be so adapted that everything contributes to the most successful performance of the work. In particular:

The whole environment of work should contribute to an increase in labor productivity and quality, tools should be at hand, convenient places should be allocated for them;

All working devices must be in good working order and in sufficient quantity; for materials, appropriate places should also be allocated in which these materials would not have to be searched for;

The room must be in all respects consistent with the working conditions in terms of lighting, temperature, humidity.

Any production work must be pre-prepared, that is, equipped with all the necessary equipment for its uninterrupted flow. Namely:

By the beginning of work, tools that are quite appropriate and quite serviceable should be prepared;

All materials and parts that will be needed for its implementation must be delivered to the place of work;

If drawings or designs are required, they must be ready and issued to the worker;

Special devices must also be ready, and selected in accordance with the work to be started.

Some generally accepted ways of working can be radically changed to obtain the same results as usual, but in other, faster and easier ways. The initiative and ingenuity of individual workers can play here, and in many cases have already played an outstanding and decisive role. The intensity of the work of each worker must be such that, under conditions of good preparation for everything necessary, work is carried out without any interruptions, without slowing down the pace. One of the main conditions for productive work is a clear division of labor and organization of the labor force in accordance with qualifications and abilities. Thus, a highly skilled worker should perform only highly skilled work corresponding to his specialty, and all prepared work that does not require qualifications should be performed by auxiliary workers. The work of an innovator, in addition to high achievements in terms of increasing labor productivity, that is, saving labor, must be accompanied by saving materials. After all, every material is also the result of the productivity of someone's labor.

Using the full maximum power of the equipment is mandatory.

4. Safety measures and measures for the protection of labor and the environment

Occupational safety is understood as a system of legislative acts and corresponding measures aimed at maintaining the health and working capacity of workers. The system of organizational and technical measures and means that provide the prevention of industrial injuries is called safety engineering.

Industrial sanitation provides for measures for the correct arrangement and maintenance of industrial enterprises and equipment (proper lighting, the correct location of equipment, etc.), the creation of the most healthy and favorable working conditions that prevent occupational diseases of workers. The Labor Code is the main provision on labor protection.

Industrial hygiene aims to create the most healthy and hygienically favorable working conditions that prevent occupational diseases of workers.

4.1 The order of the briefing

At automobile enterprises, the organization of work on safety and industrial sanitation is assigned to the chief engineer. In workshops and at production sites, the heads of workshops and foremen are responsible for labor safety. The implementation of safety and industrial sanitation measures is controlled by the senior safety engineer and trade union organizations (if any). The instructions of the senior safety engineer can only be canceled by the head of the enterprise or the chief engineer. One of the main measures to ensure labor safety is the mandatory briefing of newly hired and periodic briefing of all employees of the enterprise.

The briefing is conducted by the Chief Safety Engineer. Newly hired people are introduced to the basic provisions on labor protection, internal regulations, fire safety requirements, protective equipment for workers and methods of providing first aid to victims, etc. Of particular importance is the briefing at the workplace with the demonstration of safe working methods.

All employees, regardless of work experience and qualifications, must undergo re-instruction once every six months, and persons performing high-security work (welders, etc.) - once every three months.

4.2 Safety requirements for vehicle maintenance and repair

During the maintenance and repair of vehicles, it is necessary to take measures against their independent movement. Maintenance and repair of the car with the engine running is prohibited, except for the cases of its adjustment.

Handling equipment must be in good working order and used only for its intended purpose. During operation, do not leave tools on the edge of the inspection ditch, on the steps, hood or fenders of the car. During assembly work, it is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes in the parts to be joined with your fingers: for this, you must use special crowbars, barbs or assembly keys.

During disassembly and assembly of components and assemblies, special pullers and keys should be used. It is not allowed to unscrew the nuts with a chisel and a hammer. It is forbidden to obstruct passages between workplaces.

The operations of removing and installing springs represent an increased danger, since significant energy has been accumulated in them.

These operations must be performed on stands or with the help of devices. Hydraulic and pneumatic devices must be equipped with safety and bypass valves. The working tool should be kept in good and clean condition.

4.3 Requirements for industrial sanitation and industrial hygiene

The premises in which workers perform maintenance or repair of the vehicle must be located under it, it must be equipped with inspection ditches, overpasses with guide safety flanges or pullers.

Supply and exhaust ventilation must ensure the removal of released vapors and gases and the supply of fresh air. Natural and artificial lighting of workplaces must be sufficient for the safe performance of work.

On the territory of the enterprise, it is necessary to have sanitary facilities - dressing rooms, showers, washrooms.

4.4 Fire precautions

The following fire safety requirements must be met in all industrial premises: smoking only in specially designated areas; do not use open fire; clean up spilled oil and fuel with sand, etc.

The success of fire suppression depends on the speed of notification, on its beginning and the introduction of effective fire extinguishing means. If it is impossible to extinguish with water, the burning surface is covered with special asbestos blankets, foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are used.

4.5 Electrical safety precautions

It is only allowed to work with tools that have a protective earth. The plug connections for turning on the tool must be grounded. When moving with an electrified tool from one place to another, you must not pull the wire.

It is possible to work with an electrified tool with a voltage exceeding 42 volts only with rubber gloves standing on a rubber mat. In a room without increased danger, portable lamps with a voltage not exceeding 42 volts can be used.

4.6 Calculation of lighting in the TO-1 zone

The calculation of natural lighting is reduced to determining the number of window openings with side lighting.

The light area of ​​the window spans of the zone is calculated by the formula:

F ok \u003d F then-1 * a,

where F to-1 \u003d 108 m 2 - floor area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe TO-1 zone;

a - light coefficient;

a \u003d (0.25 + 0.30), we accept a \u003d 0.28;

F ok \u003d 71 * 0.28 \u003d 20 m².

We accept 4 window openings with a total area of ​​20 m², which provides the necessary illumination of the TO-1 zone. Namely, 2.5 meters high, 2.0 meters wide.

Total luminous power of the lamps:

W osv \u003d R * F then-1,

where R is the rate of electricity consumption W * m²; take equal to 15 W * m²

W osv \u003d 15 * 71 \u003d 1065 W

We take 5 incandescent lamps with a power of 200 W each, and 1 lamp for 75 W.

4.7 Ventilation calculation

In the TO-1 zone, natural ventilation is provided, and when performing certain operations with substances harmful to health, artificial ventilation is used.

Based on the volume of the room and the multiplicity of the air volume, we calculate the fan performance:

W \u003d V c * K a,

Where V c \u003d h * F then-1 - the volume of the room, m 3;

h = 4.2 m - shop height;

V c \u003d 71 * 4.2 \u003d 298.2 m 3;

K a \u003d 4 - the multiplicity of the air volume;

W \u003d 298.2 * 4 \u003d 1193 m 3.

Conclusion

During the course design, I studied the structure and methods of work of the ATP and in particular the TO-1 zone. He made calculations for this zone, namely the annual volume of work, area, number of workers. Picked up equipment for this zone TO-1.

He studied the organization of the work of the ATP and in particular the TO-1 zone, calculated the lighting and ventilation of the zone.

Attention is focused on safety, industrial sanitation, ecology and other technological indicators.

Number of cars 210 pieces

Annual labor intensity of work 73338.7 man/h

Number of production workers 5 people

Plot area 71 m 2

The area of ​​window openings is 20 m 2

Lamp power 1065 W

Bibliography

1. I. O. Borzykh, B. N. Sukhanov, Yu.

2. Anisimov A.P. "Organization of planning and planning of the work of auto enterprises" - M .: Transport, 1982.

3. Baranov L.F. "Maintenance and repair of machines", M .: "Urozhay", 2001.

4. Barkov G.A. "Maintenance and repair of cars", M .: "Rosselmash", 1972.

5. Plekhanov I.P. "Car", M .: "Enlightenment", 1977.

6. Gazaryan A.A. Car maintenance, 1989

7. Nikitenko N.V. Car device. Transport., 1988

8. Shvatsky A.A. Handbook of a mechanic, M .: Transport, 2000.

9. Kuznetsov A.S., Glazachev S.I. "Practical guide for the repair and maintenance of cars VAZ" Livr ", 1997.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

Graduate work

Truck Maintenance Area Reconstruction Project

INTRODUCTION

1. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE DESIGN ASSIGNMENT

1.1 Brief description of Avtopark LLP

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise "Avtopark" LLP

2. TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Selection of initial data

2.2 Calculation of the annual volume of work and the number of production workers

2.3 Technological calculation of production areas, sections and warehouses

2.4 Equipment selection

3. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Master plan requirements

4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

4.2 Form of management of Avtopark LLP

4.3 Enterprise management Avtopark LLP

5. DESIGN OF ZONE TO-1

5.1 Characteristics of the TO-1 zone of Avtopark LLP and the proposed work

5.2 Organization of production in the TO-1 zone

5.3 Settlement part

5.4 Selection of equipment for the TO-1 zone

6. CALCULATION AND DESIGN PART

6.1 Analysis of existing designs of grease pumps

6.2 Settlement part 53

7 . PROJECT SAFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY

7.1 Safety precautions for basic work

7.2 Test methods for toxicity of gasoline engines

8. CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

8.1 Calculation of capital investments

8.2 Determination of income and profit

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

car maintenance shop

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of road transport, as part of the country's transport complex, is to meet the needs of agriculture and the country's population in freight traffic at the minimum cost of all types of resources. This overall goal is achieved as a result of improving the efficiency indicators of road transport: the growth of the carrying capacity of transport and the productivity of vehicles; reducing the cost of transportation; increasing the productivity of personnel; ensuring the environmental friendliness of the transport process.

Technical operation as a subsystem of road transport should contribute to the implementation of the goals of road transport in the agro-industrial complex and have manageable performance indicators for the system, i.e., road transport in the agro-industrial complex.

Knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the patterns of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of components, assemblies and the car as a whole allows you to control the performance and technical condition of the car during operation, i.e. maintain and restore its performance.

The need to maintain a high level of operability requires that most of the failures be prevented, i.e., the operability of the product is restored before the failure occurs. Therefore, the task of maintenance is mainly to prevent the occurrence of failures and malfunctions, and repair - to eliminate them.

The requirements for the system of maintenance and repair of vehicles are:

· Ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the vehicle fleet at rational material and labor costs;

· Resource-saving and environmental orientation;

· Planned and normative character, which allows planning and organizing maintenance and repair at all levels;

· Mandatory for all organizations and enterprises that own motor transport, regardless of their departmental subordination;

· Concreteness, accessibility and suitability for management and decision-making by all parts of the engineering and technical service of road transport;

· The stability of the basic principles and the flexibility of specific standards, taking into account changes in operating conditions, the design and reliability of vehicles, as well as the economic mechanism;

· Taking into account the variety of operating conditions of vehicles.

Ensuring the required level of technical readiness of the rolling stock for transportation at the lowest labor and material costs is the main requirement of the production and technical base of the road transport system of the agro-industrial complex.

The relevance of the topic of our study is due to the fact that the level of development of the PTB has a significant impact on the performance of the ATP, and therefore on the entire process of maintenance and repair. The quality of TEA work is directly related to the level of development of the FTB. The technical readiness of the vehicle fleet and its reliability, productivity will increase with the increase in performance and the development of the PTB. One of the main goals of the maintenance and repair system is the quality of the work performed, reliability, the level of equipment of the workplace, post. Paying special attention to the development of PTB in the environment of the material and technical base is now more relevant than ever for the road transport of our country. The continuous development of the automotive industry of foreign countries only increases the need to develop the material and technical base of motor transport in our republic.

The practical value of the results of our work is confirmed by the presence of an act of implementation.

The theoretical value of our thesis is in the calculation and its detailed description.

The purpose of the work: to create a project for a truck maintenance area.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

- collect and analyze theoretical material about LLP "Avtopark";

- collect and analyze theoretical material on the issues of technological calculation of ATP;

- collect and analyze material on the organization and management of production, principles and methods of enterprise management;

- create a project for the TO-1 zone;

- calculate the economic efficiency of the project.

The tasks set and the procedure for their solution determined the structure of the thesis.

To solve these problems and in accordance with the purpose of the work, the following methods were used:

Theoretical: analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory and educational literature on the topic of research, systematization of the collected and analyzed data.

Practical: calculation, methods of mathematical statistics, experiment.

1 . FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE DESIGN ASSIGNMENT

1.1 briefI characteristic of Avtopark LLP

Avtopark LLP is located in the industrial zone of the city and occupies an area of ​​26 hectares, on which there is a powerful repair base, the TO-1, TO-2 zone, a car wash, warm boxes for parking, showers and utility rooms, a dining room.

The fleet of trucks, as a public transport, transports goods and agricultural products in the district and region. The fleet has a wide range of services, motor transport provides for the growing transport needs of the population and households associated with high speed and urgency of movement, delivery of goods directly from the point of departure to the destination, serves areas with an underdeveloped network of road transport routes.

The enterprise provides maintenance services to organizations, provides services to both the population and enterprises for maintenance and repair.

Trucks of the GAZ-53 brand of all modifications are used as rolling stock for the transportation of goods. Cars of the ZIL-131 and Gaz-52 brands serve cargo transportation for all economic entities of the region.

Cars are equipped with radio stations, which allows a more perfect form of service for the population and households of the region with cargo transportation.

Orders are accepted under contracts concluded between business entities and the fleet, as well as a dispatch service operating around the clock.

When leaving the line, the car undergoes a control inspection of the technical condition, the driver in the medical center undergoes a medical examination on the state of health.

In the repair zone, maintenance and repair of not only own, but also private rolling stock is carried out.

LLP "Avtopark" conducts technical inspection of trucks of all brands, replacement of numbers, driver's licenses, purchase and sale of cars.

Currently LLP "Avtopark" is a stable and profitable enterprise.

1.2 Technical and economic indicators of the enterprise "Avtopark" LLP

Below are the technical and economic indicators of Avtopark LLP for 2006-2010.

Table 1.1 Technical and economic indicators of Avtoopark LLP

Indicators
Average number
Auto-days at work
Technical readiness factor
Output ratio per line
Total mileage, thousand km
Average daily mileage, km
Time in dress
Auto watch in order, t. hour
Transport volume: for trucks
Operating speed, km/h
The degree of deterioration of the car
Autodays on the farm
Income thousand tenge. Consumption thousand tenge.

Analysis of technical and economic indicators

The ratio of car groups in the enterprise is shown below using the example of a pie chart:

Figure 1.1 The structure of the rolling stock "Autopark"

Figure 1.2 Availability and release rates

The coefficient of technical readiness in the period 2006-2010. fluctuates between 0.6-0.8, and as can be seen from the graph, the value of the coefficient for the last two years does not fall below 0.8. The output ratio increases with each, which indicates the emerging positive trends in the enterprise. Over the years, it averaged 0.6.

Figure 1.3 Listed number of vehicles

The list number of cars in recent years has decreased from 150 to just over 100, which is associated with physical and moral deterioration of the rolling stock, with an objective decrease in production capacity at the enterprise.

Figure 1.4 Total car fleet mileage

The total mileage of the company's vehicle fleet over the period under review only increased and in 2010 amounted to more than 4.5 thousand kilometers, which is due to the increase in the time of operation of vehicles on the line.

Figure 1.5 The time spent by the car in the order

The time spent by the car in the order is on average 8 hours. Full employment of drivers on the line has been observed in recent years, as can be seen from the graph - in 2009 the highest figure. The increase in the duration of the work of drivers occurs with the correct organization of labor.

Figure 1.6 Number of vehicle-days in service

The change in the number of car-days in operation during this period occurred with varying degrees of success, making jumps and falls. So if in 2006, 2007 and in 2010 it reached peak values, then in the interval of these years the readings went down.

Figure 1.7 Operating Speed

The operational speed, as can be seen from the graph, has only increased in recent years at the enterprise. This is due to the fact that the necessary measures are being taken to reduce downtime at each stop during the transportation of goods and some increases in the length of service routes.

Figure 1.8 Traffic volume

Figure 1.9 Dynamics of expenses and income

In general, the change in expenses and income is the same. Their numbers have increased every year. But as you can see from the graph, the difference between these indicators in the last year has changed in the direction of increasing income.

2 . TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF ATP

2.1 Selection of initial data

To calculate the production program and the scope of work of the ATP, the following initial data are required: the type and number of rolling stock, the average daily mileage of vehicles and their technical condition, road and climatic operating conditions, the mode of operation of the rolling stock, and maintenance and TR modes.

Table 2.1 Initial data for Avtopark LLP

Calculation of the production program for maintenance

Calculation of the program for GAZ vehicles

To calculate the program, we select the standard values ​​for the mileage of the rolling stock to the KR and the frequency of TO-1 and TO-2, which are established by the Regulations.

Lk = 300000 km;

L2 = 20000 km;

The number of technical impacts on one car per cycle is determined by the ratio of the cycle run to the run before this type of impact. Since the cycle mileage is taken equal to the mileage of the car before the overhaul, the number of CR of one car per cycle will be equal to one. The next last one for the TO-2 cycle is not carried out, and the car is sent to the Kyrgyz Republic. TO-2 includes maintenance of TO-1, which is performed simultaneously with TO-2. therefore, in this calculation, the number of TO-1 per cycle does not include maintenance of TO-2. The frequency of daily maintenance is taken equal to the average daily mileage:

Number of CR:

Nk= Lц/ Lk= Lк/ Lk ; (1)

Nk=300000/300000=1;

Number of TO-1:

N1= Lk/ L1-(Nk + N2); (2)

N1=300000/5000-(1+14)=45;

Number of TO-2:

N2= Lk/ L2-Nk 4; (3)

N2=(300000/20000)-1=1;

HU number:

NEO \u003d Lk / Lss; (4)

NEO \u003d 300000 / 209 \u003d 1435.

Since the production program of the enterprise is calculated for a year, in order to determine the number of maintenance for the year, we will make the corresponding recalculation of the obtained values ​​of NEO, N1 and N2 per cycle, using the transition coefficient from cycle to year. In order to determine the transition factor, we first need to calculate the technical readiness factor bt and the annual mileage of one car Lg. The coefficient of technical readiness is calculated by the formula:

bt=1/ (1 + lcc (DTO-TR/1000+Dk/ Lk)), (5)

bt \u003d 1 / (1 + 209 (0.2 / 1000 + 15 / 300000)) \u003d 0.95;

here D TO-TR is the specific downtime of the car in TO and TR in days per 1000 km of run;

Dk - the number of days of idle car in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Determine the annual mileage:

Lg = D work Lcc bt; (6)

Lg \u003d 356 * 209 * 0.95 \u003d 72,470.75 km;

Then we find the transition coefficient from cycle to year:

zg = Lg / Lk; (7)

zg = 72470.75/300000=0.24;

The annual number of SWs, TO-1, and TO-2 per one listed car will be:

NEO.g = NEO*zg; (8)

NEOg \u003d 1435 * 0.24 \u003d 344.4;

N1.g = N1*zg; (9)

N1.g \u003d 45 * 0.24 \u003d 10.8;

N2.g = N2*zg; (10)

N2.g \u003d 14 * 0.24 \u003d 3.36;

For the entire vehicle group:

Y NEO.g \u003d NEO.g * Au; (eleven)

Nk \u003d 344.4 * 40 \u003d 13776;

Y N1.g = N1.g*Au; (12)

N1.g =10.8*40=432;

Y N2.g = N2.g*Au; (13)

N2.g = 3.36*40=134.4;

where Ai is the list number of cars.

According to the regulation, it is not planned as a separate type of service and the work on diagnosing the rolling stock is included in the scope of maintenance and TR. At the same time, depending on the method of organization, vehicle diagnostics can be carried out at separate posts or be combined with the maintenance process. Therefore, the number of diagnostic actions is determined for the subsequent calculation of diagnostic posts and its organization.

At the ATP, in accordance with the Regulations, the diagnostics of the D-1 and D-2 rolling stock is provided.

Diagnosis D-1 is intended mainly to determine the technical condition of the units, assemblies and systems of the vehicle that ensure traffic safety. D-1 is carried out, as a rule, with the frequency of TO-1.

Diagnosis D-1:

U Nd-1g = Y N1.g +0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g; (14)

Nd-1g = 432+0.1*432+134.4=609.6;

Diagnosis D-2:

Y Nd-2g = Y N2.g + 0.2 Y N2.g; (15)

Nd-2g = 134.4 + 0.2 * 134.4 = 161.

Calculation of the production program for maintenance for cars of the ZIL brand.

First, we find the coefficient of technical readiness bt according to the formula:

bt \u003d 1 / (1 + lcc (DTO-TR / 1000 + Dk / Lk) \u003d 1 / (1 + 67 (0.2 / 1000 + 12 / 300000) \u003d 0.98;

Lg = D work L cc bt = 365 * 67 * 0.98 = 23965.9 km;

Coefficient zg \u003d Lg / Lk \u003d 23965.9 / 300000 \u003d 0.08;

The annual number of SW, TO-1, and TO-2 per one registered vehicle and the entire fleet will be: NEO.g = NEO*zg =1435*0.08=114.8;

N1.g \u003d N1 * zg \u003d 45 * 0.08 \u003d 3.6;

N2.g \u003d N2 * zg \u003d 14 * 0.08 \u003d 1.12;

U NEO.g \u003d NEO.g * Au \u003d 114.8 * 75 \u003d 8610;

U N1.g \u003d N1.g * Au \u003d 3.6 * 75 \u003d 270;

Y N2.g \u003d N2.g * Au \u003d 1.12 * 75 \u003d 84;

Determination of the number of diagnostic impacts D-1 and D-2 on the ZIL vehicle fleet per year.

Diagnosis D-1:

U Nd-1g = U N1.g +0.1 U N1.g + U N2.g =270+0.1*270+84=381;

Diagnosis D-2:

Y Nd-2g \u003d Y N2.g + 0.2 Y N2.g \u003d 84 + 0.2 * 84 \u003d 101.

2. 2 Calculation of the annual scope of work and numberproduction workers

Cars brand "Gas".

To calculate the annual scope of work for the rolling stock designed by ATP, we first set the standard labor intensity of maintenance and repair in accordance with the Regulations, and then adjust them taking into account specific operating conditions. Labor intensity standards for maintenance and repair are established by the Regulations for the following set of conditions: І category of operating conditions; basic car models; the climatic region is temperate; the mileage of the rolling stock from the beginning of operation is 50-70% of the mileage before the overhaul; ATP performs maintenance and repairs of 200-300 units. rolling stock comprising three technologically compatible groups; ATP is equipped with means of mechanization according to the table of technological equipment.

t EO \u003d t EO (n) * K4 * Km; (16)

t EO \u003d 0.7 * 0.45 * 1.15 \u003d 0.36 man-hour;

t 1 \u003d t 1 (n) * K4; (17)

t 1 \u003d 5.5 * 1.15 \u003d 6.3 man-hours;

t 2 \u003d t 2 (n) * K4; (18)

t 2 \u003d 18 * 1.15 \u003d 20.7 people-h;

t tr \u003d t tr (n) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4; (19)

t tr \u003d 5.5 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 1.6 * 1.15 \u003d 13.4 man-hours.

t CO \u003d (d / 100) * t 2; (20)

where q is the share of these works depending on the climatic region. In our case, q = 20%.

t CO \u003d (20/100) * 20.7 \u003d 4.14 man-hours,

Diagnosis D-1:

t 1+d-1 = 1.1t 1; (21)

t 1 + d-1 \u003d 1.1 * 6.3 \u003d 6.93 man-hours;

t d-1 \u003d 0.25t 1; (22)

t d-1 \u003d 0.25 * 6.3 \u003d 1.6 man-hour;

t`1 = 0.85t1; (23)

t `1 \u003d 0.85 * 6.3 \u003d 5.4 man-hours.

Diagnosis D-2:

t d-2 = 0.17t 2; (24)

t d-2 \u003d 0.17 * 20.7 \u003d 3.5 man-hours.

The annual scope of work on TO and TR. The scope of work on EO, TO-1, TO-2 for the year is determined by the product of the number of TO and the standard (adjusted) value of the labor intensity of this type of TO:

T EOg \u003d Y NEOg * t EO; (25)

T EOg \u003d 13776 * 0.36 \u003d 4959.4 man-hours;

If TO-1 and D-1 are carried out jointly, then the total annual volume is found by the formula:

T 1 + d-1 \u003d Y N1g * t 1 + d-1 + (0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g) * t d-1; (26)

T 1 + d-1 \u003d 432 * 6.93 + (0.1432 + 134.4) * 1.6 \u003d 3277.9 man-hours;

T 1g \u003d Y N1g * t 1; (27)

T 1g \u003d 432 * 6.3 \u003d 2722 man-hours;

Annual volume D-1:

T d-1g \u003d U Nd-1g * td-1; (28)

T d-1g \u003d 609 * 1.6 \u003d 974.4 man-hours;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g \u003d Y N2g * t 2+ Au * t CO; (29)

T 2g \u003d 134.4 * 20.7 + 40 * 4.14 \u003d 2948 man-hours;

T d-2g \u003d U Nd-2g * t d-2g; (thirty)

T d-2g \u003d 161 * 3.5 \u003d 564 man-hours;

TR annual scope of work:

T TR \u003d (Au * Lg / 1000) * t TR; (31)

T TR \u003d (40 * 72470.75 / 1000) * 13.4 \u003d 38844.3 man-hours;

The total annual scope of work for the enterprise for gas vehicles:

T PR \u003d T EOg + T 1g + T d-1g + T 2g + T d-2g + T TP; (32)

T PR \u003d 4959.4 + 2722 + 974.4 + 2948 + 564 + + 38844.3 \u003d 51012 man-hours;

Cars brand "ZIL". The annual scope of work for ATP is determined in man-hours and includes the scope of work for SW, TO-1, TO-2, TR and self-service of the enterprise. Based on these volumes, the number of working production zones and sites is determined.

Selection and adjustment of standard labor inputs. To calculate the annual scope of work for the rolling stock (ZIL) of the designed ATP, we set the normative labor intensity of maintenance and repair in accordance with the Regulations, and then adjust them taking into account specific operating conditions.

t EO \u003d t EO (n) * K4 * Km \u003d 0.5 * 0.45 * 1.15 \u003d 0.26 man-hour;

t 1 \u003d t 1 (n) * K4 \u003d 2.9 * 1.15 \u003d 3.3 man-hour;

t 2 \u003d t 2 (n) * K4 \u003d 11.7 * 1.15 \u003d 13.5 man-hour;

t tr \u003d t tr (n) * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 \u003d 3.2 * 1.1 * 1.2 * 2.0 * 1.15 \u003d 9.7 man-hours.

The complexity of seasonal maintenance:

t CO \u003d (d / 100) * t 2 \u003d (20/100) * 13.5 \u003d 2.7 man-hours,

Distribution of the scope of work on diagnosing D-1 and D-2.

Diagnosis D-1:

t 1 + d-1 \u003d 1.1t 1 \u003d 1.1 * 3.3 \u003d 3.63 man-hours;

t d-1 \u003d 0.25t 1 \u003d 0.25 * 3.3 \u003d 0.83 man-hour;

t `1 = 0.85t 1 = 0.85 * 3.3 = 2.8 man-hours

Diagnosis D-2:

t d-2 \u003d 0.17t 2 \u003d 0.17 * 13.5 \u003d 2.3 man-hours.

Annual scope of work on maintenance and repair:

T EOg \u003d Y NEOg * t EO \u003d 8610 * 0.26 \u003d 2239 man-hours;

If TO-1 and D-1 are carried out jointly:

T 1 + d-1 \u003d Y N1g * t 1 + d-1 + (0.1 Y N1.g + Y N2.g) * t d-1 \u003d 270 * 3.63 + (27 + 84) * 0 ,83 = 1072 man-hours;

If separately, then the annual volume of TO-1:

T 1g \u003d Y N1g * t 1 \u003d 270 * 3.3 \u003d 891 man-hours;

Annual volume D-1:

T d-1g \u003d Y Nd-1g * td-1 \u003d 381 * 0.83 \u003d 316 man-hours;

Annual scope of work on TO-2:

T 2g \u003d Y N2g * t 2+ Au * t CO \u003d 84 * 13.5 + 75 * 2.7 \u003d 1337 man-hours;

Annual scope of diagnosing work D-2:

T d-2g \u003d U Nd-2g * t d-2g \u003d 101 * 2.3 \u003d 232 man-hours;

TR annual scope of work:

T TP \u003d (Ai * Lg / 1000) * t TP \u003d (75 * 23232.25 / 1000) * 9.7 \u003d 16902 man-hours;

The total annual scope of work for the enterprise:

T PR \u003d T EOg + T 1g + T d-1g + T 2g + T d-2g + T TP \u003d 2239 + 891 + 316 + 1337 + 232 + 16902 \u003d 21917 man-hours.

Enterprise self-service annual scope. According to the Regulation, in addition to maintenance and repair work, auxiliary work is carried out in the ATP, the volume of which (Tvsp) is 20-30% of the total amount of work on maintenance and repair of rolling stock. Auxiliary works include self-service works of the enterprise (maintenance and repair of technological equipment of zones and sections, maintenance of engineering communications, maintenance and repair of buildings, manufacture and repair of non-standard equipment and tools), which are performed in independent divisions or in the corresponding production areas. The volume of auxiliary work consists of the volume of work generally accepted and self-service work. We carry out calculations for the entire ATP, therefore we take into account both groups of cars:

T vsp \u003d T total + T self (33)

T rev \u003d V * T pr (34)

where B is the share of auxiliary work depending on the number of vehicles of the enterprise. In our case, B \u003d 0.3 for ATP with the number of cars up to 200. Then we get: T rev \u003d 0.3 * 21917 \u003d 6575 man-hours;

T total \u003d 0.38 * 6575 \u003d 2499 man-hours; T itself \u003d 0.62 * 6575 \u003d 4076 man-hour;

Distribution of the volume of maintenance and repair by production zones and sections. The volume of maintenance and repair is distributed according to the place of its implementation, according to technological and organizational features. MOT and TR are carried out at posts and production sites (departments).

Taking into account the peculiarities of the production technology, work on SW and TO-1 is carried out in independent zones. Guard work on TO-2, performed at universal posts, and TR are usually carried out in a common area. In some cases, TO-2 is performed at the posts of the TO-1 line, but on a different shift. Work on diagnosing D-1 is carried out at independent posts (lines) or combined with work performed at TO-1 posts. diagnosing D-2 is usually performed at separate posts.

Considering all of the above, we make the distribution and enter the values ​​in the table.

Table 2.3 Distribution of annual volumes of work of SW, TO-1, TO-2, TR and self-service by types for the entire ATP

						volume
Guards
1. Harvesting
2. Washing
3. Cleaning
4. Diagnostic
5. Mounting
6. Adjusting
7. Lubricating, filling and cleaning
8. Electrical
9. Maintenance of the power system
10. Tire
11. Body
12. Dismantling and assembly
Precinct
1. Aggregate
2. Locksmith and mechanical
3. Electrical
4. Rechargeable
5. Repair of the power system
6. Tire changers
7. Vulcanizing
8. Forging and spring
9. Mednicki
10. Welding
11. Tin
12. Reinforcing
13. Woodworking
14. Painting
15. Wallpaper
Self service areas
1. Electrical
2. Pipeline
3. Repair and construction

Calculation of the number of production workers.

Production workers include working areas and sections that directly perform work on maintenance and repair of rolling stock. There are technologically necessary (attendance) and full-time (list) number of workers. The technologically necessary number of workers ensures the implementation of the daily, and regular - annual production programs (volumes of work) for maintenance and TR.

Technologically necessary number of workers:

Pt \u003d T g / F t; (35)

where T g is the annual scope of work in the TO, TR zone or section, man-hour;

Ф t - the annual fund of time for a technologically necessary worker with 1-shift work, h. Ft is taken equal to 2070 hours.

Staff number of workers:

Rsh \u003d T g / F w; (36)

Ф w - the annual fund of time of a "regular" worker, h. Ф w is taken equal to 1830 hours.

In design practice, to calculate the technologically necessary number of workers, the annual fund of time Ft is taken equal to 2070 hours for industries with normal working conditions and 1830 hours for industries with harmful conditions. Using these formulas, we find the number of workers and put it in table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Number of production workers

Name of zones and plots	Annual scope of work per zone or section man-hour	The estimated number of technological. required workers	Accepted number of technologically necessary workers,	The annual fund of time of a full-time worker, fr. 4	The number of full-time workers
Maintenance and current repair areas TR zone (posts)
Production ny areas Aggregate Electrical engineering Rechargeable By system Tire changer Vulcanization Mednitsky Welding Forging- spring Locksmith- mechanical carpentry

2.3 Technological calculation of production zones, sections and warehouses

Calculation of areas of TO and TR zones:

Fz \u003d fa * Xz * Kp; (37)

where fa is the area occupied by the car in plan (by overall dimensions), m2;

Xz - number of posts;

Kp - coefficient of density of the arrangement of posts.

The coefficient Kp is the ratio of the area occupied by cars, driveways, passages, jobs, to the sum of the areas of cars in the plan. The value of Kp depends on the dimensions of the car and the location of the posts.

Calculation of the areas of production sites.

The area of ​​production sites can be calculated in 3 ways:

1. According to the area of ​​the room occupied by the equipment and the density factor of its placement:

Fu \u003d f about * Kp; (38)

f about - the area of ​​the equipment.

To calculate Fu, preliminary, on the basis of the Timesheet and catalogs of technological equipment, a list of equipment is compiled and its total area f about in the area is determined.

2. According to the specific rate for the 1st worker and subsequent:

Fuch \u003d fp1 + fp2 * (Pt- 1); (39)

where fр1 - specific area per 1 worker;

fр2 - specific area of ​​subsequent;

PT - the number of workers in this area.

3. HYPROAUTOTRANS method.

Calculation of warehouse areas.

Warehouses are calculated in two ways:

1. According to the stored stock:

Fsk \u003d fob * Kp; (40)

2. Specific rate per 1 million km of run:

Fsk \u003d (Lg * Ai * fsp) / 106 * Kr * Kraz * Kps; (41)

where Lg - annual mileage;

fsp - specific stock rate of lubricants;

Kp - coefficient taking into account the size of the ATP;

Kraz - coefficient taking into account different brands;

Kps - coefficient taking into account the type of rolling stock.

Storage Area Calculation.

The area of ​​the storage area is determined by the formula

Fхр = Ау* fa* Kхр; (42)

where fa is the area occupied by the car in the plan;

Kхр - coefficient taking into account the location. Kxp = 3.0

Calculation of the area of ​​auxiliary premises

Pt \u003d Ppp + Pmog + Pv + Ritr; (43)

2.4 Equipment selection

Technological equipment includes stationary and portable machines, stands, devices, fixtures and production equipment (workbenches, racks, tables, cabinets) necessary to ensure the production process of ATP. Technological equipment for production purposes is divided into basic (machine, dismantling and assembly, etc.), complete, lifting and inspection and lifting and transport, general purpose (workbenches, racks, etc.) and storage.

When selecting equipment, they use the "Table of technological equipment and specialized tools", catalogs, reference books, etc. The list gives an approximate list of equipment for performing various maintenance and repair work and its quantity depending on the type and payroll number of vehicles at the ATP. The nomenclature and quantity of technological equipment given in the Table are set for average conditions. Therefore, the range and number of individual types of equipment for the designed ATP can be adjusted by calculation, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise (accepted methods of organizing work, the number of posts, the operating mode of zones and sections, etc.).

The amount of the main equipment is determined either by the complexity of the work and the fund of the working time of the equipment or by the degree of use of the equipment and its productivity.

Table 2.5 Technological equipment of the workplace

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions, mm	Quantity, pcs	Cost-bridge, tenge
	Car wash brush
	Compressed air gun
	Parts washer		1900x2200x2000
	Car wash plant		6500x3500x3000
	Grease blower
	Grease blower
	oil tank
	Transmission oil filling station
	Installation for anti-corrosion coatings
	Tip for air hose
	Air dispenser for cars
	Compressor
	Compressometer
	Device for determining the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group of engines
	Engine Cylinder Efficiency Meter
	Instrument for checking the fuel pump of carburetor engines
	Battery probes
	Battery probes
	Set of devices and tools for batteries
	Device for checking anchors of starter generators and electric motors
	Devices for testing breakers-distributors
	Kit for cleaning and checking spark plugs
	Stand for testing generators, relay-regulators and starters
	Device for checking and adjusting car headlights
	Installation for accelerated charging of batteries
	Universal installation for starting engines in cold weather
	Ruler for checking the convergence of the front wheels of cars
	Stand for control and adjustment of car installation angles
	Car wheel balancing machine
	Vehicle Steering Tester
	Decelerometer
	Stand for testing hydraulic brakes and clutches of cars
	Car brake test stand
	Complex of diagnostic equipment
	Set of double-ended wrenches with open jaws
	Set of wrenches combined
	Socket wrenches
	Fitter's tool kit
	Large fitter's tool kit
	Carburetor Adjuster Tool Kit
	Auto mechanic tool kit	I131, I132, I133
	A set of tools for adjusting the angles of the installation of the steered wheels of cars
	Hydraulic power steering tool kit
	Tool kit for car electrical equipment
	Sets of tools and devices with a hydraulic drive for straightening a car body
	Wheel nut wrench
	Drill for lapping engine valves
	Stand for assembly and disassembly of car engines
	Stand for dismantling and assembling the front axle of cars
	Press and machine equipment
	Machine for boring brake drums and turning brake linings
	Stand for mounting and dismantling tires of car wheels

Table 2.6 Technological equipment

	Name	Model or GOST	Quantity	Cost-bridge, tenge
	Locksmith vice	GOST 4045-57
	Locksmith's hammer weighing 500 g	GOST-2310-54
	Copper hammer weighing 500 g	PNM 1468-17-370
	Portable flaw detector
	Magnetometer
	Hammer wooden (mallet)
	Machine for hand hacksaws
	Hacksaw blade 300×13×0.8 mm
	Straight tweezers, length 175 mm	Normal VNII
	Bench chisel 15°×60°	GOST 2711-54
	Hair brush
	Hand taps M4chM12	GOST 10903-64
	load fork	NIIAT-LE-2
	acid meter
	Electric soldering iron	GOST 7219-54
	Funnel for pouring electrolyte
	hot plate
	Ceramic mug
	Ladle for pouring lead
	Drying cabinet
	Drill hand	GOST 2310-54
	Air hose with pressure gauge	GOST 9921-61
	Buffing tool set

Table 2.7 Organizational equipment

	Name	Type or model	Overall dimensions in plan, mm	Quantity	Cost-bridge, tenge
	Battery Repair Workbench
	Cabinet for instruments and fixtures
	Rack for instruments and fixtures
	Fume cupboard for melting lead and mastic
	Equipment stand
	Stand for acid bottles	NIIAT-AR-2
	Sand box
	Locksmith workbench
	Tire and wheel storage rack		2000h1000h2000
	Camera storage area	Own production
	Wardrobe for workwear storage	Article 245
	Camera repair workbench
	Waste bin

3 . BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Master plan requirements

The general plan of the enterprise is a plan of the land plot of the territory allocated for development, oriented towards public access roads and neighboring properties, indicating on it buildings and structures according to their overall outline, areas for garage-free storage of rolling stock on the territory.

Master plans are developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89 - 80 "General plans for industrial enterprises", SNiP II-60 - 75 "Planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements", SNiP II-93 - 74 "Automobile maintenance enterprises "and ONTP-ATP-STO - 80.

When designing an enterprise for the specific conditions of a given city or other locality, the development of a master plan is preceded by the selection of a land plot for construction, which is important for achieving the most cost-effective construction of the ATP and the convenience of its operation. The main requirements for sites when choosing them are:

the optimal size of the plot (preferably rectangular in shape with an aspect ratio of 1:1 to 1:3);

relatively flat terrain and good hydrogeological conditions;

proximity to the public passage and engineering networks;

the possibility of providing heat, water, gas and electricity, the discharge of sewage and storm water;

lack of buildings to be demolished;

the possibility of reserving the area of ​​the site, taking into account the prospects for the development of the enterprise.

The construction of a master plan is largely determined by the space-planning decision of buildings (the size and configuration of the building, the number of floors, etc.), therefore the general plan and space-planning decisions are interconnected and are usually worked out simultaneously during design.

Before the development of the general plan, the list of main buildings and structures located on the territory of the enterprise, their building area and overall dimensions in the plan are preliminarily specified.

At the feasibility study stage and during preliminary calculations, the required area of ​​the enterprise site (in hectares):

Fuch \u003d 10-6 (Fz.ps + Fz.sun + Fop) Kz (44)

where Fz.ps - construction area of ​​production and storage buildings, m2;

Fz.vs - construction area of ​​auxiliary buildings, m2;

Fop - area of ​​open areas for storage of rolling stock, m2;

Kz - building density of the territory, %

Depending on the layout of the main premises (buildings) and facilities of the enterprise, the development of the site can be united (blocked) or divided (pavilion). With a combined development, all the main production facilities are located in one building, and with a disconnected building, in separate buildings.

When developing master plans, buildings and structures with production processes, accompanied by the release of smoke and dust into the atmosphere, as well as explosive processes, must be located in relation to other buildings and structures on the windward side. Warehouses of flammable and combustible materials in relation to industrial buildings should be located on the leeward side. Buildings equipped with light-aeration lanterns should preferably be oriented in such a way that the axes of the lanterns are perpendicular or at an angle of 45 ° to the prevailing direction of the summer winds.

When placing buildings, it is necessary to take into account the terrain and hydrogeological conditions. The rational arrangement of buildings should ensure that the minimum amount of excavation work is carried out when planning the site. Thus, buildings of a rectangular configuration in plan, as a rule, should be placed in such a way that the long side of the building is perpendicular to the direction of the slope on the site.

The main indicators of the master plan are the area and density of buildings, the coefficients of use and landscaping of the territory.

The built-up area is defined as the sum of the areas occupied by buildings and structures of all types, including sheds, open parking lots and warehouses, reserve areas, planned in accordance with the design assignment. The building area does not include areas occupied by blind areas, sidewalks, motor roads, open sports grounds, recreation areas, green spaces, open parking lots.

The building density of an enterprise is determined by the ratio of the building area to the area of ​​the enterprise site.

The coefficient of use of the territory is determined by the ratio of the area occupied by buildings, structures, open areas, roads, sidewalks and landscaping to the total area of ​​the enterprise.

The landscaping coefficient is determined by the ratio of the area to the total area of ​​the enterprise.

Requirements for the production building.

The space-planning decision of the building is subordinated to its functional purpose. It is developed taking into account climatic conditions, modern building requirements, the need for maximum blocking of buildings, the need to ensure the possibility of changing technological processes and expanding production without significant reconstruction of the building, environmental protection requirements, fire and sanitary requirements, as well as a number of other heating-related requirements , power supply, ventilation, etc.

The most important of these requirements is the industrialization of construction, which provides for the installation of a building from prefabricated unified, mainly reinforced concrete structural elements (fundamental blocks, columns, beams, trusses, etc.), manufactured in an industrial way. For the industrialization of construction, it is necessary to unify structural elements in order to limit the range and number of standard sizes of manufactured elements. This is ensured by the structural scheme of the building based on the use of a unified grid of columns that serve as supports for the roof or interfloor overlap of the building.

The grid of columns is measured by the distances between the axes of the rows in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The dimensions of the spans and the spacing of the columns, as a rule, should be a multiple of 6 m. As an exception, with due justification, it is allowed to take spans of 9 m.

One-story industrial buildings of ATP are mainly designed as a frame type with a grid of columns 18x12 and 24x12 m. The use of a grid of columns with a spacing of 12 m allows better use of production areas and a 4-5% reduction in construction costs compared to similar buildings with a column spacing of 6 m.

For multi-storey buildings, at present, reinforced concrete building structures are designed for column grids 6Ch6, 6Ch9, 6Ch12 and 9Ch12 m. At the same time, an enlarged grid of columns (18Ch6 and 18Ch12 m) is allowed on the upper floor. Multi-storey buildings with a larger grid of columns require the use of individual structures, which to a certain extent hinders the wider use of multi-storey ATPs for both special equipment and trucks.

The height of the premises, i.e. the distance from the floor to the bottom of the structure of the coating (ceiling) or suspended equipment, is taken taking into account the requirements of the technological process, the requirements for unifying the building parameters of buildings and the placement of suspended transport equipment (conveyors, hoists, etc.).

In the absence of suspension devices, the height of production premises is calculated from the top of the highest vehicle in its working position plus at least 2.8 m. The height of production premises into which vehicles do not enter must also be at least 2.8 m.

The height of the premises for maintenance and repair posts, depending on the type of rolling stock, the arrangement of posts and suspended equipment, is given in the table:

Table 3.1 The height of the premises of the TO and TR posts according to ONTP-ATP-STO - 80, m.

The height of the premises in one-story parking lots should be taken as 0.2 m more than the height of the tallest car stored indoors, but in all cases not less than 2 m. However, in fact, the height of the parking spaces in a one-story building, based on the requirements for the unification of building elements, is 3.6 m with spans of 12 m, and 4.8 m - with spans of 18 and 24 m.

The height of the floors of multi-storey buildings (from the mark of the finished floor to the mark of the finished floor of the next floor) is taken as 3.6 or 4.8 m.

Basic requirements for a post, site, zone.

The technological layout of zones and sections is a plan for the arrangement of posts, car-waiting and storage places, technological equipment, production equipment, handling and other equipment and is the technical documentation of the project, according to which the equipment is placed and mounted. The degree of elaboration and detailing of technological planning depends on the design stage.

The planning solution for the TO and TR zones is developed taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-93 - 74.

To accommodate the posts for washing and cleaning cars of the II, III and IV categories, as well as the posts for maintenance and repair of cars, separate production facilities should be provided.

In areas with an average temperature of the coldest month above 0 °, posts for washing and cleaning cars, as well as posts for fixing and adjusting work (without disassembling units and assemblies) can be placed in open areas or under sheds. On ATP up to 200 cars of І, ІІ and ІІІ categories or up to 50 cars of ІV category in the same room with maintenance and repair posts, it is allowed to place the following sections: motor, aggregate, mechanical, electrical and carburetor (power devices).

Posts (lines) of cleaning and washing operations are usually located in separate rooms, which is associated with the nature of the operations performed (noise, splashes, fumes).

Diagnostic posts are located either in separate rooms or in a common room with maintenance and repair posts.

The planning solution and the dimensions of the TO and TR zones depend on the chosen construction grid of columns, the arrangement of posts, their relative position and the width of the passage in the zones.

4 . ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION

4.1 Principles and methods of enterprise management

Business management is a complex process. It should ensure the unity of action and the purposefulness of the work of teams of all departments of the enterprise, the effective use of a variety of equipment in the labor process, and the interconnected coordinated activities of workers. From which management is defined as a process of targeted impact on production to ensure its effective implementation.

The enterprise is a complex system. Any system has a managed and a control system. The first consists of a number of interconnected production complexes: main and auxiliary shops, various services. The second is a set of controls. Both systems are connected by means of information coming from control objects, as well as from external sources of information to the control system, and decisions made on the basis of this information, which are sent in the form of commands to the controlled system for execution.

The proportional ratio of the individual parts of the system is the main requirement for its functioning. However, every system is not once and for all stable. It develops, changes, improves. At the same time, the impact on the enterprise is possible not only from the side of the system, but also from other systems.

The production process and its specific features necessitate the establishment of appropriate forms and functions of management. Schematically, production management can be represented as a series of main stages, covering the collection of the necessary initial information, its transfer to the heads of the relevant departments, its processing and analysis, the development of decisions, and, finally, the analysis of the results of the work performed and the collection of new information.

4.2 Form of management of Avtopark LLP

Avtopark LLP adopted a linear-headquarters form of management, formed on the basis of linear and functional management systems, in which the one-man manager has a headquarters consisting of functional cells (departments, departments, groups, individual specialists) corresponding to a specific management function. The line-staff management system provides the most effective combination of unity of command with the activities of competent specialists, which contributes to an increase in the level of production management.

Figure 4.1 Scheme of administrative subordination of Avtopark LLP

4.3 Enterprise management Avtopark LLP

All organizational units of the management of Avtopark LLP, including operational, technical and economic services, carry out their activities in close cooperation and under the guidance of the director of the enterprise and his deputies.

Responsible duties are assigned to the director: organization of material and technical supply, scientific organization of labor at the enterprise; management of work on the introduction of new equipment and technology, the improvement of the transport process and the fulfillment by the enterprise of obligations to the state budget and the bank. The issues of selection and training of personnel, labor protection and safety, housing and socio-cultural construction also require close and constant attention from the head of the enterprise.

The director of the enterprise is endowed with great rights. He establishes the structure of the administrative apparatus, approves the transfinplan on the basis of the tasks of the higher organization within the limits prescribed by law, makes changes to the plan, accepts orders for transportation from other organizations, makes changes to the construction title lists, approves and, if necessary, changes the design tasks and cost estimates. financial calculations for the construction of individual facilities.

The head of the workshops is responsible for the implementation of the plan for all indicators, the proper technical condition and use of rolling stock, the organization of the work of drivers, repair and other workers, the state of labor discipline, and work to improve working conditions. They are vested with rights in terms of encouraging and punishing workers of columns and workshops, assigning workers a qualification category. On their representation, the issues of hiring and dismissing workers and other workers of the shops are resolved.

The director in his work relies on the team of workers and public organizations, and solves many issues jointly.

Masters are at the head of each section and are its technical and economic manager. They organize the production process, ensure strict observance of technological discipline and high quality maintenance of vehicle repair.

The operation service organizes its work on the established transportation plan for serviced enterprises and organizations by types of cargo and shippers, as well as a passenger transportation plan. It is looking for ways to carry out these transports in the most rational way at the lowest cost.

The planning department is guided by the current regulations and, on the basis of the instructions of the director, organizes the development of long-term and current plans of the enterprise, manages the preparation of plans in columns and shops, coordinates the work of other departments in drawing up their respective sections of plans, brings approved plans to columns, shops and services. The personnel department develops proposals for improving the organization of labor of drivers, repairmen and other workers of the enterprise, improving the system of remuneration and resolving issues related to the regulation of wages.

Similar Documents

Vehicle maintenance operations, compliance with established deadlines, types of maintenance. Characteristics of the transport company. Feasibility study of the project. Scope of work on the design object, calculation of the number of performers.

term paper, added 03/28/2010


Development of a truck maintenance area in ATP. Analysis of the use of rolling stock. Production program and organization of the technological process of car maintenance. Calculation of the number of posts and production lines, site planning.

thesis, added 04/22/2015


Reconstruction project of JSC "Avtopark No. 6 Spetstrans" with the development of a section for the maintenance of cars, calculation of the production program. Development of the design of a stand for expanding tubes of power supply systems for KamAZ vehicles.

thesis, added 11/16/2009


Justification of the capacity of the designed car service station. Calculation of the annual volume of a service station and determination of the number of production workers. Development of a technological process for diagnosing engines.

thesis, added 07/14/2014


Characteristics of the service station and the design object. Selection and justification of the method of organizing the technological process. Selection and adjustment of standards for maintenance and repair of vehicles. Calculation of the coefficient of technical readiness of vehicles.

thesis, added 06/24/2015


Technological calculation of a motor transport enterprise. Determining the frequency of maintenance and repair of vehicles. The number of production workers. Number of posts and maintenance lines. Equipment, production areas.

term paper, added 01/07/2016


Calculation of current repair and maintenance areas for a motor transport enterprise for 250 KamAZ-53215 vehicles. Determination of the labor intensity of work and the production program of the enterprise. Selection of the necessary technological equipment.

term paper, added 02/12/2015


Characteristics of the ATP site. Organization of the technological process at the post of TO-1 cars. Calculation of the production area of ​​the maintenance area, the cost of maintenance and repair, the complexity of the work, the number of personnel, the choice of equipment.

term paper, added 06/07/2012


Feasibility study of the operation of a motor transport enterprise and calculation of its production program. The technological process of maintenance of the car UAZ Patriot. Estimation of necessary investments, as well as calculation of current costs.

thesis, added 07/10/2017


Correction of the frequency of maintenance (TO) and overhaul run. Features of mechanical processing of metal. Selection and justification of methods for organizing the technological process. Selection of technological equipment and calculation of areas.

• Introduction
• 1. Characteristics of SRT
• 2.6 Pay system
• 3. Prospects for the development of service stations
• Literature

Introduction

LLC STO "Pobeda" - is one of the car dealerships of LLC "TD" SPARZ "- the official dealer of LLC "Commercial Vehicles - GAZ Group", which provides full service for the cars sold, and also supplies a wide range of original spare parts from manufacturers.

The service station maintains a high quality of work performance by retaining highly qualified personnel. About 40 people work at the station.

Repair and maintenance of cars is carried out in a repair zone, where 10 lifts are equipped for this, a stand for setting the alignment angles, a diagnostic post, a tire fitting and balancing area. Works are carried out using branded and high-quality equipment by qualified specialists. The enterprise is provided with full computerization, both for accounting and for car repair (diagnostics) by the "WIS" program. All types of car maintenance work are performed at the service station. Work with the client is carried out according to all modern world requirements. An open-type parking lot is equipped for car storage, where the client, in the event of a breakdown and (or) evacuation of the car, can deliver it at any time of the day before the start of the repair.

1. Characteristics of SRT

1.1 Location of the service station. Work in progress

The service station STO LLC STO "Pobeda" is located in the city of St. Petersburg, st. Bukharestskaya, house 14.

The service station offers its customers a full range of services for servicing GAZ vehicles.

The structure and content of STO Pobeda LLC is fully presented in accordance with Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Scheme of service stations

1 - Parking

3 - Zone MOT and TR cars

4 - Tire shop

1.2 Characteristics of cars serviced at service stations

All types of GAZ vehicles are serviced at STO Pobeda LLC.

Data on road transport serviced at the service station is presented in accordance with table 2.1

Table 2.1 - Characteristics of cars serviced at service stations

Comparative characteristics
general characteristics
Car brand
Vehicle type
Overall length, mm
Overall width, mm
Full height, mm
Turning radius, m
Curb weight, kg
Adjustment parameters
Clutch	Pedal free play	Pedal free play
Steering	Must not exceed 25 0	Must not exceed 25 0
Main engine parameters
engine's type	4 cylinder 4 stroke	4 cylinder 4 stroke
Power, l. With.
Working volume, cm 3
Output power, kW
Refueling tanks
Clutch
Steering
Brake system
Transmission
Lubrication system
Fuel system

1.3 Characteristics of the production base of service stations

For the maintenance and repair of vehicles at LLC STO "Pobeda" there are:

TO, TR zones;

diagnostic post;

tire fitting and balancing area;

1.4 General repair workflow

The areas allocated for car repair are equipped with various devices and devices for performing work related to the area in which the equipment is located.

In the washing department - they wash the rolling stock, as well as wash the components and assemblies of cars.

In the diagnostic section, work is carried out related to finding and troubleshooting in the vehicle's on-board network.

The scheme of the technological process of the TO and TR section is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Scheme of the technological process of the maintenance and repair zone.

1.5 Characteristics of production personnel

Locksmiths of various categories work in the zones and sections of the enterprise. The most common are 3 and 4 digits. The junior management staff and workers have a secondary technical or higher education, while the management staff has only a higher education.

1.6 Production management in the PMU system, using ACS elements

Production management in the MCC system, using ACS elements, is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Production management in the PMU system.

The technical director of the service station controls the work of the service departments, is responsible for everything that happens in the service before the general director, the head of marketing decides organizational issues, financial issues - the financial director, if any.

The foreman monitors the work performed by locksmiths, moves the machine around the service area, the acceptance clerk receives orders for work, communicates with customers, and ensures control of incoming spare parts.

Locksmiths carry out work on the maintenance and repair of cars.

The Human Resources Department ensures the selection of qualified personnel.

The chief engineer develops action plans to maintain equipment in working condition, replace obsolete equipment.

car maintenance station

The operation service carries out activities to maintain the equipment in working order.

The CFO oversees the work of his division and reports to the network manager.

The accounting department calculates production costs, profits, expenses, maintains financial documentation.

At the Pobeda service station, the main document for maintenance or repair is an order for carrying out the necessary range of work. At the beginning, a primary order is drawn up. It is made by the master. This is a kind of contract between the customer and the enterprise. It reflects:

company details

work order number

date of receipt of the car for service

completion date

car manufacturer, model

identification 6-digit digital number of the car

year of car manufacture

state registration number

Name of the owner

types of ordered works

standard hours of ordered work

The work order is signed by both the master and the client.

When carrying out work on reading errors, collapse / convergence, the contractor is obliged to attach a document on the quality of the performance of these works. Such a document is printed on a printer installed on each device designed for the work listed above.

After completing all the work on the work order, the receiver draws up the final work order, which, in addition to everything that was included in the primary work order, includes:

cost of work

cost of spare parts and materials

cost of filling liquids

a list of completed works (it may be more than in the primary, since any problems may be detected in the process of work)

total amount

This work order is made in duplicate, one is issued to the client, the other remains in the service. An invoice is also prepared showing the exact cost of each item used for the repair.

All archival work orders are stored on computers, which is convenient for obtaining the necessary archival information, and the originals on paper are stapled and stored in a separate archive.

Of course, all the preparation of documentation in such a huge volume would not be possible without the use of the most advanced technology. This includes the whole range of office equipment and services: computers, printers, scanners, faxes, copiers, unlimited access to the Internet, local telephone network.

2. Characteristics of the object of reconstruction of the maintenance and repair zone

2.1 Purpose of the object of reconstruction

In the maintenance and repair area, work is carried out to replace certain vehicle units. Replacement and repair parts, checking and replacing oils, fuels and lubricants.

2.2 Location of the maintenance and repair area

The area of ​​the TO and TR section is 140 m 2 .

2.3 General technological process of motor work

After the car has been accepted by the master-acceptor, this car enters the MOT and TR zone. All necessary operations are carried out there.

2.4 Number of employees, their qualifications, mode of operation

8 people work in the maintenance and repair zone

This station is open seven days a week. There are two shifts working three days after three.

Lunch is provided at the service station (from 13:00 to 14:00). During this period, you can relax or go for lunch.

2.5 Safety and fire safety rules in the areas

General management and responsibility for the correct organization of work on safety, industrial sanitation and fire safety, for compliance with labor laws, the implementation of decisions of higher organizations, instructions, rules and regulations on safety and industrial sanitation in the whole enterprise rests with the director (manager) and chief engineer of the enterprise.

The direct organization of work on safety and industrial sanitation and the implementation of control over the implementation of measures to create safe working conditions at the enterprise are assigned to the department (bureau, engineer) for safety, directly subordinate to the chief engineer.

The number of safety workers is determined by the head of the enterprise, depending on the scope of work, the complexity and danger of the technological processes and equipment used.

For violation of the rules and norms of labor protection, the administration may be held liable. Depending on the consequences of violation of the rules and norms of labor protection, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability may be applied. Such responsibility is brought to officials who are responsible for organizing and ensuring healthy and safe working conditions at the enterprise.

The disciplinary responsibility of the administration comes in those cases when, through the fault of officials, violations of labor protection requirements are allowed, which do not entail and cannot entail serious consequences. In this case, officials bear disciplinary responsibility in the order of subordination. A gross or systematic violation of labor protection legislation, failure to fulfill the obligations of a collective agreement may result in the dismissal of guilty officials or their removal from their positions at the request of the trade union body.

Administrative responsibility for violation of labor legislation is expressed in the imposition of penalties on guilty officials by technical or legal labor inspectors, Gosgortekhnadzor bodies of the Russian Federation, sanitary inspection bodies, the State Automobile Inspectorate and other bodies.

Criminal liability of officials for violation of labor protection legislation occurs in cases where this violation has caused or may cause accidents with people or other grave consequences. Only those officials who, by virtue of their official position or by special order, are responsible for labor protection, compliance with safety requirements in the relevant area of ​​work or control over their implementation can be held liable. For the release on the line or operation of technically faulty vehicles or other gross violation of the rules of operation, ensuring traffic safety, officials may be held criminally liable.

Liability arises in cases where, through the fault of officials, as a result of violation of the rules and norms of labor protection, damage to the health of the worker is caused. Depending on the degree of guilt of the official, such liability may be expressed in compensation to the worker for the damage caused (from one third of the monthly salary to full compensation for the damage caused).

2.6 Pay system

There are the following types of payment at the service station:

piecework-bonus payment - payment according to the order, that is, the norm of time, prices and the amount of work performed are taken into account; The average salary for experienced locksmiths is approximately from 50 to 70 thousand rubles. rubles;

time - bonus payment - payment at tariff rates, that is, the tariff of the corresponding category is taken into account, and the amount of time worked;

At this service station, wages are paid according to the time - bonus system.

Wages are regularly issued at the end of each month in the accounting department at certain hours.

The system of remuneration and the size of tariff rates are determined by the department of labor and wages based on the complexity of the work, piecework and time rates.

The department of organization of labor and wages conducts research on the identification and use of reserves for the growth of labor productivity, on the organization, standardization of labor and wages; develops indicators on labor productivity, the number of workers, engineering and technical workers and other categories working on the basis of limits and standards established by a higher organization; determines the wage fund of the enterprise; participates in the development and establishment of labor standards.

2.7 Disadvantages of the object of reconstruction

In the maintenance and repair area, the technical process, in my opinion, is fully consistent with the scope of work performed and the quality of their performance.

The accuracy of the work at a high level, because. almost all work is carried out by qualified locksmiths and when checking work by craftsmen.

However, there is a lack of modern technological equipment and tools, good ventilation and lighting. This significantly affects the quality and speed of work performed.

It's also a breach of safety regulations.

2.8 Suggestions for correcting deficiencies

To eliminate deficiencies in the maintenance and repair area, it is necessary to replace outdated and faulty equipment and tools. Strengthen safety controls and improve ventilation and lighting.

3. Prospects for the development of service stations

The pace of car sales is constantly growing. After the introduction of new equipment at the service station, labor intensity will decrease. After reducing the labor intensity of work, the speed of car service and the quality of service will increase. These factors will attract new customers, and the service station will develop.

Literature

1. Bashkatova, A.V. Formatting a text document: Methodological development - ATK2. MP0703.001 - St. Petersburg: 2003 - 28c

2. Polikarpov, I.V. Practice according to the profile of the specialty / Polikarpov

3. Technical documentation of the enterprise.

Similar Documents

General requirements for the organization of a car service station. Working areas of service stations, body and paint shops, utility rooms, washing. Vehicle maintenance and repair system. Equipment for diagnostics and repair area.

thesis, added 11/26/2014


Organizational characteristics of the motor transport enterprise "Avtopark" LLP. Development and economic justification of the project for the reconstruction of the car maintenance shop. Technological calculation of production areas and selection of equipment.

thesis, added 06/16/2015


Annual number of serviced vehicles. Determination of the approximate value of the annual labor intensity. Determination of the number of working posts of a car service and repair station. The total annual labor intensity of cleaning and washing operations.

term paper, added 02/11/2011


Characteristics of the service station and the design object. Selection and justification of the method of organizing the technological process. Selection and adjustment of standards for maintenance and repair of vehicles. Calculation of the coefficient of technical readiness of vehicles.

thesis, added 06/24/2015


Layout of the site of tire works. General information about the tires of the KamAZ car. Defects of tires and chambers of the car, the causes of their occurrence. Technological process of tire fitting works. The project of a lift for tire fitting works of KamAZ vehicles.

term paper, added 06/21/2012


Determining the mileage of vehicles before maintenance and overhaul. Determination of the annual scope of work on car diagnostics. Determining the area of ​​the maintenance area. Calculation of current costs for the operation of the lift.

thesis, added 03/13/2012


Features of determining the frequency of maintenance and repair of vehicles, the stages of calculating the production program. Ways of distribution of labor input of auxiliary works. Diagnostics of cars GAZ-2752, GAZ-3110, GAZ-33106.

term paper, added 03/19/2013


General characteristics of the motor transport enterprise and the design object. Choice of the method of organizing the production of maintenance and repair at the aggregate site. Calculation of the area of ​​the design object. Cost estimate and costing.

term paper, added 05/16/2011


Justification of the expediency of opening a service station. Overview of VAZ, ZAZ cars sold and serviced at service stations. Location, profile and purpose of the service station. Sales market analysis, competition, marketing strategy.

thesis, added 06/06/2011


Purpose and characteristics of the designed maintenance point of the local passenger station. Organization of maintenance and current uncoupled repair of passenger cars at the station. Calculation of the unit cost of repair.

Diplomas, term papers, abstracts, control...

diploma

In the future, after receiving the estimated number of posts, it is necessary to clarify Kp and if it is taken erroneously, then recalculate the actual annual volume of work at the service station. The value of the coefficients for adjusting the labor intensity of TO and TR, depending on the climatic region (CC), is taken as for adjusting the TR of the rolling stock of the ATP. The value of the coefficient of the list of services (KU) is taken as the sum of parts ...

Project for the reconstruction of the maintenance and repair area at the service station (abstract, term paper, diploma, control)

1. Introduction Transport (from Latin trans - "through" and portare - "carry") - a set of means designed to move people, goods from one place to another.

Transport is one of the urgent needs of modern society, along with such as food, clothing and housing, providing human life.

Transport is an important part of the economy of the Russian Federation. The significance of transport is determined by its role in the territorial division of social labor: the specialization of districts and their integrated development are impossible without a transport system. The transport factor has an impact on the location of production. Without taking it into account, it is impossible to achieve a rational distribution of productive forces.

Transport has an impact on the concentration of production. With the concentration of production, it is important to determine the optimal size of enterprises. It depends on the level of labor costs and the cost of production. The increase in the capacity of the enterprise, as a rule, is accompanied by their decrease. When setting the boundaries of the expedient concentration of production, the total costs of production and transportation of products are determined, that is, in addition to technical, technological and financial issues, they take into account the features of the location of enterprises and transport costs included in the cost of production.

The concentration of production leads to the expansion of the area of ​​consumption of products. If the transport component, which includes the cost of delivering raw materials and fuel to areas of production and finished products to areas of consumption, increases as a result of an increase in the distance of transportation to a greater extent than costs decrease with the concentration of production, then an increase in the size of the enterprise will not be effective. For example, increasing the capacity of a peat-fired thermal power plant may not be profitable if, due to the increase in the distance of peat transportation, transportation costs exceed the savings from reducing the cost of electricity.

Car (from other Greek ??? - itself and lat. mobilis - moving), motor vehicle - a self-propelled trackless vehicle designed to move on the surface of the Earth.

Road transport is the most popular and convenient mode of transport, which has great maneuverability, good cross-country ability and adaptability to work in various climatic and geographical conditions, it is an effective means for transporting people and goods mainly over relatively short distances.

The role of road transport in the overall transport system of our country is increasing from year to year. At the same time, the consolidation of automobile farms, the centralization of maintenance and repair of automobiles, the introduction of new methods of planning and economic incentives in automobile transport are being carried out.

Road transport accounts for more than 80% of the total amount of transported goods. In connection with the disaggregation of enterprises, the expansion of the network of inter-production relations, but the decrease in the volume of consignments of transported goods, the role of the car as the most mobile and affordable vehicle is increasing. Since cars transport goods over short distances compared to other modes of transport, the share of cargo turnover by road in Russia remains only 7% of the country's total cargo turnover, while in foreign countries this figure reaches 75%.

The development of road freight transportation in Russia is constrained by various factors, in particular, the underdeveloped network of roads and their low performance.

Nevertheless, the car park is constantly growing and replenished with vehicles of both domestic and foreign production. The change in the economic conditions of the country's development causes the need to revise the structure of the car park, reduce operating costs and give road transport higher consumer qualities.

Every year the number of cars is growing, and the number of foreign cars is also growing. Cars are getting better and more complex, so they require specialized maintenance.

To ensure road safety, environmental safety, high technical readiness, it is necessary to carry out vehicle maintenance in a timely manner. For this, there are special repair enterprises and service stations (SRT).

The main enterprise in the car service is the service station, which, depending on the capacity and size, perform most of the functions of the car service.

Service stations, by the nature of the services provided, can be universal (for servicing and repairing several brands of cars) and specialized (for servicing one brand).

To increase productivity and reduce the labor intensity of work, it is necessary to equip workplaces with high-performance and modern equipment, which gives a significant increase in the level of mechanization of production processes for maintenance and repair of rolling stock.

2. Research part

2.1 Characteristics of SRT. Production process and structure of the service station

On March 27, 2007, AvtoSTOlitsa invested 30 million euros in the creation of a network of service stations in St. Petersburg. By the end of 2007, AvtoSTOlitsa opened 8 service stations in St. Petersburg in the format of the German ATU network. AvtoSTOlitsa is a network of post-warranty services. The stations are located in the main areas of the city. All stations have a single format, which includes: a repair block for 5-9 places, a car wash, a cafeteria, a retail spare parts store and a reception.

Paritet Holding Avtostolitsa LLC is located at Narodnogo Opolcheniya Avenue, 147, building 2, l.A and, in my opinion, fully complies with modern requirements related to the maintenance and repair of cars.

STO "AvtoSTOlitsa" is not a specialized service station for one brand of cars, which is typical for dealer stations.

The main emphasis in the work falls on servicing cars that occupy the top lines in the ratings of the best-selling foreign cars in Russia: Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer, Chevrolet Lacetti, Toyota Corolla, Hyundai, Opel, Skoda, Mazda and others. But at this service station, repairs of domestic cars are also carried out.

STO offers the following range of services:

— Minor body repair;

— seasonal storage of wheels;

- electrical work.

The service station has all the necessary certificates for carrying out the above types of work.

The service station has a parking space outside and a car wash inside the service station, a maintenance and repair area for cars, a motor and diagnostic area, and storage rooms.

All contracts are concluded in the manner prescribed by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The company has a legal service that checks the correctness of execution and the legality of the conclusion of contracts.

The production management structure is presented in accordance with Figure 1.

Figure 1 - Production management structure At the head of everything is the station administrator, all smaller structures are subordinate to him. The station administrator, as well as the shift foreman, accept cars for repairs, followed by an indication of the operations being carried out, asks the client about problems or necessary procedures, and also indicates the cost for all operations. The shift foreman drives the car directly to the repair area and provides all the necessary parts for the repair. The master of the repair area is responsible for the order in all areas and the necessary checks of vehicles. If in the course of work any shortcomings of the vehicle are found that affect road safety, the locksmith informs the master who took this car from the client about this. The master contacts the client by phone, which the client always leaves and explains the cause of concern. The client has the right to decide whether he needs additional services or not.

The management structure of the service station is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - STO management structure The director is responsible for executive duties. The station manager is in charge of managing the station and the production process. The head of the Quality Control Department is recruiting.

2.2 Analysis of the organization of the technological process in the area of ​​TO and T R The scheme of the technological process is presented in accordance with Figure 3.

Figure 3 - Scheme of the maintenance and TR process of the service station meets all modern requirements for the maintenance and repair of a car. Almost all work can be carried out here to ensure the technically sound condition of the car above the above brands, with the help of modern diagnostic and repair systems. The station has modern equipment and technology. The service station is computerized, all data on car repairs are entered into a computer and are confidential.

2.3 The substantiation of the need for the design of service stations basically meets the requirements of the organization of the implementation of maintenance and repair. The high quality of the work performed is achieved both by a sufficiently high qualification of the workers and by strict quality control of the work performed by the supervisors.

The security of the TO and TR zone meets the requirements of technical work. The site is provided with lifts, necessary tools, pullers and fixtures. However, there is a shortage of the necessary pullers, there are not enough hydraulic racks on the site to remove the gearbox, etc.

Due to the release of newer and more modern cars, with more and more sophisticated systems and electronics, there is a need, as a new software for diagnostics, direct maintenance and repair of cars, as well as the necessary systems, it becomes necessary to provide the site with suitable equipment to improve work on Maintenance and repair of vehicles.

3. Calculation and technological part

3.1 Analysis of initial data The main initial data for the technological calculation of the service station are:

— type of service station (urban, road);

— annual number of car races by brand — N3;

- the annual number of conditional comprehensively serviced cars at the station by brand - NSTO;

- the number of cars sold per year - NP, if the service station sells cars;

- average annual mileage of cars by brand - LГ;

- the number of working days in the year of the service station - DRABG;

— shift duration, h — TCM;

- number of shifts - C;

- climatic region.

NSTO, N3, LГ and climatic region, are established on the basis of marketing research, or can be set. The operating mode of the station (DRAB G, TSM, C) is selected based on the most complete satisfaction of the needs of the population in car service services.

The initial data are presented in table 1.

Table 1 - Initial data

Name of indicator	Indicator value
	urban
Annual number of car races by brand	Not set
Annual number of conditional comprehensively serviced vehicles by brand Volkswagen Golf 3
Number of cars sold per year	STO does not sell cars
Average annual mileage of cars by brand per year, km Volkswagen Golf 3
Number of workshop days per year
Shift duration, h
Number of shifts
climatic region	Moderate (St. Petersburg)

3.2 Selection of the list of services performed by service stations The list of services depends on the incoming flow of requirements (car-arrivals), which is characterized by the frequency of demand for various types of work and the complexity of their implementation. A generalization of domestic and foreign experience shows that the flow of car arrivals at service stations, depending on the complexity of the arrival, can be divided into 4 main groups.

The 1st group includes works that are characterized by a high frequency of demand and low labor intensity of their implementation (lubricating work, adjusting the angles of the steered wheels, TR based on the replacement of parts, adjusting devices of electrical equipment and power systems, etc.), average specific labor intensity for one car - check-in for this group of works no more than 2 people. h, their share in the total structure of car arrivals at the service station is about 60%. Thus, the average specific labor intensity of one visit to the service station performing work in the first group (for all groups of the list of services, for design purposes we take a greater value of labor intensity) t3av = 2 people. h

The 2nd group of works consists of works with a lower frequency of demand than for the works of the 1st group, but more labor-intensive (maintenance in full, element-by-element diagnostics, maintenance of components and assemblies, devices of electrical equipment and power systems, brake systems, tire fitting works, etc. .). the average specific labor intensity of the race for this group is no more than 4 people. h, and the share in the overall structure of races is approximately 20%. Thus, the average specific labor intensity of one visit to the service station performing work only for the first and second groups

The 3rd group consists of works with an average specific labor intensity of up to 8 people. h (small and medium body work, tinting and full painting of the car, wallpaper and reinforcing work). These works account for about 13% of the total flow.

Group 4 is the most labor-intensive and least common work (post-accident repair, repair of engines and other vehicle components). The average specific labor intensity of such work is more than 8 people. h, and the share is approximately 7% of the total number of races. Thus, t3av for service stations performing work of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, if we accept t3av for the fourth group of 16 people. h, then t3av = 4.48 people. h If the station specializes only in body work and work related to the repair of vehicle units, i.e., performs work on groups 3 and 4, then t3av = 10.8 people. h At the service station, the flow of arrivals includes various types of work. At the same time, work on 80-85% of car arrivals at the station is carried out during the working day.

Thus, on the basis of the list of works performed by the service station, one can reasonably accept the average specific labor intensity of one service station run.

For the reconstructed service station, we accept works in the first, second and third groups, since the following types of work are performed at this service station:

– complex diagnostics of the car, carried out on modern equipment;

— maintenance and routine maintenance;

— diagnostics and repair of brake systems;

— repair and replacement of running gear units with subsequent adjustment of wheel alignment angles using a special stand;

— Minor body repair;

— tire fitting and balancing works;

— seasonal storage of wheels;

— maintenance of air conditioning and ventilation systems;

- washing, dry cleaning, polishing;

— installation of additional equipment;

- electrical work.

We accept the average labor intensity for the race as 3.27 man-hours, i.e. = 3.27 man-hours

3.3 Calculation of the annual scope of work of a service station The annual scope of work of a service station may include maintenance and repair services, cleaning and washing works, works on acceptance, issue and pre-sale preparation of cars, works on anti-corrosion treatment of the body.

The annual volume of maintenance and repair with a known number of car-races N3 during the year and the average labor intensity of the race t3av will be, people. h, according to the formula

where Nz is the number of rides per year, units;

t3av - average labor intensity of the race, pers.h.

According to this formula, we do not count, since Nz is not specified in our task for reconstruction.

The annual volume of work on maintenance and repair for a given number of conditionally comprehensively serviced cars pers. h, according to the formula

where NSTO is the number of vehicles serviced in a complex by service stations per year by brand;

LГ is the average annual mileage of a car by brand, km;

tTO-TR is the specific labor intensity of maintenance and repair work for a given car brand, pers. h/1000 km.

In accordance with the Industry Standards for the Technological Design of a Road Transport Enterprise (ONTP-01-91), the specific labor intensity of maintenance and repair performed at the service station is set depending on the class of the car and is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Labor intensity standards for maintenance and repair of cars at service stations

(according to ONTP-01−91)

Type of service station and rolling stock	Specific labor intensity of maintenance and repair without cleaning and washing operations and anti-corrosion treatment, pers. h/1000 km	One-time labor intensity per one run by type of work, pers. h
			Washing and cleaning (with manual hose washing tUM = 0.5 man. h)	Acceptance and issue	Pre-sale preparation	Anti-corrosion treatment
City car service stations: - especially small class
- small class
- middle class

The normative labor intensity of TO and TR is adjusted depending on the size of the service station (number of working posts) and the climatic region, the list of services of the designed service station, the amount of work actually performed at the service station.

The value of the coefficients for adjusting the labor intensity of TO and TR, depending on the number of work posts, is (Kp):

Over 5 to 10
Over 10 to 15
Over 15 to 25
Over 25 to 35

To select a CP, it is necessary to know the number of working posts at the designed service station. However, such data is not yet available. For an approximate calculation, we can take the following data that one working post accounts for 600-700 conditionally comprehensively serviced domestic cars or 200-300 foreign cars. A lower value refers to the middle class of cars and a higher annual mileage of cars, a higher value to a small class and a lower annual mileage of cars. The coefficient is taken according to the total number of posts for all brands of cars serviced at the service station. Number of cars, n units determined by the formula

For Ford Focus 1 vehicles:

For BMW 520 E34 vehicles:

For Volkswagen Golf 3 cars:

approximately 8 posts at the service station, which means Kp = 1.00.

In the future, after receiving the estimated number of posts, it is necessary to clarify Kp and if it is taken erroneously, then recalculate the actual annual volume of work at the service station.

The value of the coefficients for adjusting the labor intensity of TO and TR, depending on the climatic region (CC), is taken as for adjusting the TR of the rolling stock of the ATP.

The value of the coefficient of the list of services (CL) is taken as the sum of the parts of each accepted group of works in the total labor intensity of the arrival. So, if work at the service station is performed only for the first group of the list, then KU = 0.6, for the first and second groups KU = 0.8, for the first, second and third groups KU = 0.93, the entire list of services KU = 1 ,0.

The value of the coefficient of the amount of work actually performed at the service station (KF) is taken based on the following condition. As he explains (6 p. 143), the normative specific labor intensity of maintenance and repair work (tTO-TR) provides for the performance of all (100%) work at the service station. In reality, only 25–35% of the labor intensity of maintenance and repair for domestic cars and 80–90% for foreign cars are performed at the service station, and the rest of the work can be performed by the owner of the car, or with the involvement of other persons, partially not performed, etc. Therefore in the final form, the calculated annual volume of maintenance and repair work must be adjusted.

The actual annual volume of TO and TR at service stations pers. h, according to the formula

where KP is the coefficient of correction of labor intensity depending on the number of posts;

KK is the coefficient of correction of labor intensity depending on the climatic region;

KU - the coefficient of adjustment of labor intensity, depending on the list of services provided by service stations, in this case, services are provided for the first, second and third groups of the list of works;

KF - the coefficient of adjustment of the volume of work performed at the service station;

KF = 0.25 - 0.35 when servicing service stations of domestic cars and K = 0.8 - 0.9 when servicing service stations of foreign cars.

The CF coefficient must be justified. The more complex the cars are structurally, the more demanding the cars are for special equipment and tooling, the higher the CF is.

It should be noted that this coefficient is applied only if TTO-TR is calculated through the number of comprehensively serviced vehicles per year at the service station.

When calculating TTO-TR through the number of runs issued by the design task, the actual annual scope of work is taken equal to the calculated one, i.e.

TTO-TRF \u003d TTO-TR \u003d Nz t3av.

The calculation of the total labor intensity of the TTO-TR of the reconstructed service station is presented in table 3.

maintenance car repair Table 3 - Calculation of the total labor intensity of the TTO-TR reconstructed service station

For further calculations of the labor intensity of work (for cleaning and washing, receiving and issuing, pre-sale preparation, anti-corrosion treatment) at the service station, it is necessary to determine the number of races.

The number of visits per year to the service station to perform the estimated total labor intensity of work on maintenance and repair is determined by the formula

where is the actual labor intensity of maintenance and repair work at the station for all car brands, pers. h;

— the average labor intensity of the arrival of a car at the service station, man-hours.

The average labor intensity of the arrival can be justified when choosing a list of services (works), as the labor intensity of the selected list of services.

Calculated total actual labor intensity = 116,371.2 people. h (table 3).

The average labor intensity of one run when performing maintenance and repair work at the service station according to the list of services of the first, second and third groups = 3.27 man-hours.

Then Due to the fact that the value does not differ by car classes and is assumed to be the same for design purposes, then the number of races by brand:

Number of entries for Ford Focus 1

Number of arrivals of cars BMW 520 E34

Number of arrivals of Volkswagen Golf 3 cars

The annual volume of cleaning and washing works of the TWM (in man hours) is determined based on the number of car arrivals at the station per year (N3) and the average labor intensity of work (tUM), according to the formula:

If cleaning and washing operations are carried out at the service station not only before MOT and TR, but also as an independent type of service, then the total number of runs for cleaning and washing operations is taken at the rate of one run per 800–1000 km.

Annual volume of work in people. h (TPV) is determined based on the number of visits to service stations per year (NPK) and the average labor intensity of acceptance and issuance work (tPV), according to the formula

In view of the fact that tPV = tUM, then TPV = TUM Annual scope of work on acceptance and issue, pers. h TPV = TUM = 5726.2

Annual amount of work on anti-corrosion treatment of the car body, per person. h (TPK) is determined based on the number of car arrivals for this type of work (NPK) and the average labor intensity of anti-corrosion treatment (tPK). The frequency of work on anti-corrosion treatment is 3-5 years, that is, 0.2-0.3 visits per year (NPK = 0.2 - 0.3 N3). Thus, we determine by the formula

SRT does not carry out anti-corrosion treatment.

If cars are sold at the service station, then in the total scope of work performed, it is necessary to provide for work related to the pre-sale preparation of cars.

The annual volume of work (in man hours) for pre-sale preparation (TPP) is determined by the number of cars sold per year (NP) and the labor intensity of their pre-sale preparation (tPP), according to the formula

According to the task, the designed service station does not sell cars, therefore, it does not carry out pre-sale preparation.

Production program of car service stations, pers. h

The complexity of maintenance and repair includes work: diagnostic, maintenance in full, lubrication, adjusting for setting the angles of the steered wheels, adjusting the brakes, servicing and repairing power devices, electrical, battery, tire repair, maintenance of components and assemblies, bodywork (tin, welding, copper, painting and anti-corrosion, wallpaper and reinforcing, plumbing and mechanical). The approximate distribution of labor intensity by type of work, depending on the capacity (size) of the service station, should be taken from table 4.

Table 4 - Approximate distribution of labor intensity by type of work at service stations,% (according to ONTP-01−91)

Type of work	Distribution of the scope of work depending on the number of working hours, %
Diagnostic
maintenance in full
Lubricants
Repair and adjustment of brakes
Rechargeable
According to power system devices
Electrotechnical
Tire
Locksmith and mechanical

TO in full, this is 75-80% of fixing and 20-25% of adjustment work.

Based on the data defined above, we compile a table of the distribution of labor intensity by type of work at the reconstructed service station. To compile the table, we also use the data of ONTP-01−91. The distribution of labor intensity by type of work at the reconstructed service station is presented in Table 5.

Table 5 - Distribution of labor intensity by type of work at the reconstructed service station

Type of work	% labor intensity	Labor intensity, pers. h
Diagnostic
maintenance in full
Lubricants
Adjusting for setting the angles of the front wheels
Repair and adjustment of brakes
Rechargeable
According to power system devices
Electrotechnical
Tire
Repair of components, systems and assemblies
Body and reinforcing
Painting and anti-corrosion
Locksmith and mechanical

These works are carried out both at posts, directly on the car (guards), and at sites (workshops) or separately allocated work posts (stands), workbenches, auxiliary posts where local (repair) work is directly carried out.

Table 6 - Distribution of the scope of work at the place of their implementation at the service station,% (according to ONTP-01−91)

Type of work	Distribution of the scope of work at the place of their execution
	Guards	Precinct
Diagnostic
maintenance in full
Lubricants
Adjusting for setting the angles of the front wheels
Repair and adjustment of brakes
Rechargeable
According to power system devices
Electrotechnical
Tire
Repair of components, systems and assemblies
Body and reinforcing (tin, copper, welding)
Painting and anti-corrosion
Locksmith and mechanical
Cleaning and washing

The above distribution of work for guards and district police is rather conditional and, if necessary, can be adjusted, especially depending on the capacity (size) of the service station and the specific brands of cars serviced by the service station.

The distribution of the scope of work at the place of their execution at the reconstructed service station is shown in Table 7.

Table 7 - Distribution of work at the place of their execution

Type of work	Distribution of work at the place of their performance, people
	guards	precinct
Diagnostic
maintenance in full
Lubricants
Adjusting for setting the angles of the front wheels
Repair and adjustment of brakes
Rechargeable
According to power system devices
Electrotechnical
Tire
Repair of components, systems and assemblies
Body and reinforcing (tin, copper, welding)
Painting and anti-corrosion
Locksmith and mechanical
Lavatory and washing
On acceptance and issue of cars

3.4 Calculation of the number of production and auxiliary workers Production workers include working areas and sections that directly perform maintenance and TR of vehicles. There are technologically necessary (explicit) and regular number of workers.

Technologically necessary number of workers, people, according to the formula

where T is the annual fund (nominal) of the technologically necessary working time for single-shift work, h.

Fund (FS) is determined by the duration of the shift (depending on the length of the work shift) and the number of working days per year.

To calculate the technologically necessary number of workers in practice, the annual time fund (FT) is taken equal to 2020 hours for production with normal working conditions and 1780 hours for production with harmful working conditions.

people Established number of workers, people, according to the formula

where ФШ is the annual (effective) fund of the time of a full-time working hour.

The annual time fund of a full-time worker determines the actual time worked by the contractor directly at the workplace, the time fund of a full-time worker is less than the time fund of a technologically necessary worker, due to the provision of vacations and absenteeism for workers for good reasons (due to illness, etc.).

To calculate the regular number of workers FSH = 1770 hours for production with normal working conditions and FSH = 1560 hours for industries with harmful working conditions.

people Auxiliary workers include workers who maintain and repair technological and engineering equipment, communications and other types of work.

The number of auxiliary workers (RV) according to ONTP-01−91 is set as a percentage of the regular number of production workers (15−20%). The number of administrative staff (ITR and employees) (RA) is taken as a percentage of the regular number of production workers (20−25%). Determined by formulas

3.5 Calculation of the number of posts and car places Posts and car places according to their technological purpose are divided into working, auxiliary and car places of waiting and storage.

Work stations are car-places equipped with appropriate equipment and designed for technical impact on the car to maintain and restore its technically sound condition and appearance (wash stations, diagnostics of maintenance, TR, body repair and painting).

Auxiliary posts are car-places, equipped or not equipped with equipment, on which technological auxiliary operations are performed (acceptance and issue of cars, control after maintenance and repair, drying at the cleaning and washing area, preparation and drying at the painting area).

Annual fund of fasting time, h, according to the formula

where is Drab. r is the number of days of work in the year of the service station, days;

TCM — shift duration, h;

C is the number of shifts;

- the coefficient of use of the working time of the post.

Annual fund of working time of post, h h

The number of working posts for cleaning and washing works (preceding maintenance and repair), maintenance posts, diagnostics, maintenance, bodywork and painting works of maintenance, as well as auxiliary posts for receiving and issuing cars is determined by the formula, units, by the formula

where TP is the annual volume of guard work, people. h;

- coefficient of uneven loading of posts;

PCP - the average number of workers simultaneously working at the post.

According to ONTP, the average number of workers at one TO and TR post is 1 - 2 people, and the coefficient of uneven loading of posts.

Number of posts We accept 10 posts (working and auxiliary).

The number of work posts is determined by the formula

where TRP is the post labor intensity of work posts, man-hours.

It is determined by the exclusion from guard work of the labor intensity of auxiliary posts (reception-issuance), i.e. TP - Tvp = 89,000.1 - 21,808.7 = 67,191.4 people. h The number of working posts is in the range from 5 to 10, so the coefficient KP = 1.0 is chosen correctly.

The calculation of the total number of posts according to the above formula can be considered approximate. The most accurate number of posts can be determined by the complexity of the type of work and the accepted number of workers for a given post, as well as the time of work of this post.

Daily number of car arrivals at the city service station, units, according to the formula

The number of working posts for commercial washing is not calculated, since the service station does not carry it out.

For storage of finished cars, the number of car-seats, units, according to the formula

where TPR is the average time the car stays at the service station after it has been serviced before it is issued to the owner (about 4 hours);

TV - the duration of the car issuance section per day, h.

The total number of car-places for storing cars waiting for service and ready for delivery is taken at the rate of three car-places per one working post (ONTP).

Open parking for cars of the clientele and station staff is determined at the rate of 7-10 car-places for 10 working posts.

The distribution of posts and car-waiting places for the production sites of service stations is presented in table 8.

Table 8 - Distribution of posts and car-waiting places by production sites of service stations

3.6 Selection of technological equipment The list and quantity of equipment is established on the basis of the types of services (works) performed at the station. When selecting equipment, various directories and catalogs of manufactured (sold) equipment are used.

The list of equipment used at the maintenance and repair site is presented in Table 9.

Table 9 - List of equipment used at the maintenance and repair site

Name of equipment	Type, model		Manufacturer	Quantity
Apparatus for maintenance of climatic installations
locksmith workbench
Tool trolley
Parts rack
Tool cabinet
Wheel alignment stand
Hydraulic Press
waste bin			Own production
Waste drums			Own production
abrasive wheel
Table milling machine
2 post lift, 3 ton
Four-column lift, four-ton wheel alignment
Two-column lift, electro-hydraulic, four-ton
Hydraulic strut

The list of additional equipment at the reconstructed service station at the TO and TR site is presented in Table 10.

Table 10 - List of implemented equipment

Name of equipment	Type, model	Number of units	Unit price, rub	Total cost, rub	Purpose of implementation
Gas analyzer					To improve the quality of work
Hydraulic strut
socket set					Reducing the labor intensity of maintenance and repair work
impact wrench					Reducing the labor intensity of maintenance and repair work
Thermal curtains	Frico ACC2500E(V)				To maintain the temperature
Battery tester					Reducing the labor intensity of maintenance and repair work
Starting device					Reducing the labor intensity of maintenance and repair work
Charger					Reducing the labor intensity of maintenance and repair work

Due to the fact that the equipment was introduced in the reconstructed maintenance and repair zone, we will take into account the reduction in labor intensity only for the guard work of the maintenance and repair area. It is necessary to analyze and reasonably determine the percentage reduction in the labor intensity of the type of work that will be directly or indirectly affected by the equipment being introduced.

A possible reduction in the labor intensity of the type of work is accepted in accordance with the methodological guide for diploma design, presented in table 11.

Table 11 - Possible reduction in the labor intensity of the type of work

Actual labor intensity of the type of work, pers. h, according to the formula

where TPvr is the estimated labor intensity of the type of work, pers. h;

% St vr - the percentage of reduction in the type of work,%.

The distribution of labor intensity by type of work, reduction of labor intensity, calculation of the actual labor intensity of the service station before reconstruction is presented in table 12.

Table 12 - Calculation of the actual labor intensity of the TO and TR zone before reconstruction

Type of work	Estimated labor intensity, (after reconstruction) pers. h	Reduction of labor input, %	Actual labor intensity (before reconstruction), people h
	Post work	District work	Post work	District work	Post work	District work
Diagnostic
TO in full
Lubricants
Adjusting for setting the angles of the front wheels
Repair and adjustment of brakes
Rechargeable
According to power system devices
Electrotechnical
Tire
Repair of components, systems and assemblies
Body and reinforcing (tin, copper, welding)
Painting and anti-corrosion
Locksmith and mechanical
Cleaning and washing
On acceptance and issue of cars

The reduction in labor intensity after reconstruction will be equal to 128,693.1 - 110,808.8 = 17,884.3 man-hours. The reduction in labor intensity during the introduction of new equipment will be used in the calculations in the economic part of the graduation project.

The number of repair workers NRR, people, is calculated according to the following formula:

where TUCH is the labor intensity of work performed on the site, people. h;

FRVRR - annual fund of working hours of a car mechanic, h.

Before reconstruction people After reconstruction The calculation of the number of repair workers is presented in Table 13.

Table 13 - Calculation of the number of repair workers

3.7 Determination of areas and layout of the design object

The composition and area of ​​the premises are determined by the size of the station and the types of services provided. At the stage of technological calculation, the areas are calculated approximately according to the aggregated indicators and are specified later when developing planning solutions.

The areas of service stations according to their functional purpose are divided into:

— production (sites);

— warehouse;

- technical premises (transformer, heating point, water metering unit, pumping, switchboard);

- administrative and household (office premises, wardrobe, toilets, showers);

– premises for customer service (customer room, bar, buffet, premises for the sale of spare parts, car accessories);

- premises for the sale of cars (salon-exhibition of cars for sale, storage areas).

The area of ​​industrial premises is tentatively calculated according to the specific area per one working post, which, taking into account the passages, is taken to be 40–60 m2.

The area occupied by the equipment, S, m2, is calculated by the formula

S = ?Sequipment KPL, (3.22)

where?Sequipment is the area of ​​a piece of equipment.

KPL - equipment density factor (from 3.5 to 5) accept KPL = 3.5

Sequipment = (0.5+13.65+0.78+2++0.54+0.58+1+1.25+68.82+15.81+11.47+ +0.25+0 .58)= 116.65 m²

3.8 Planning decision of the service station

The main requirements that should be considered when designing service stations include:

- the location of the main zones and production sites of the enterprise in accordance with the scheme of the technological process, preferably in one building without dividing the enterprise into small premises;

- staged development of the service station, providing for its expansion without significant restructuring and disruption of functioning;

- providing convenience for customers by appropriately arranging the premises they use.

On the territory of the service station, in addition to the main building of the station and treatment facilities, there is usually an open parking lot for cars waiting for service, and a parking lot for finished cars, which it is desirable to arrange closed.

The territory of the station should be isolated from urban traffic and pedestrians. Outside the territory of the station there are open parking lots for cars of customers and staff.

3.9 Innovations at the design site

3.9.1 Scientific organization of labor at the design object Scientific organization of labor is understood as a set of technical, economic, technological, sanitary-hygienic, organizational and other measures aimed at increasing productivity while improving working conditions.

The main tasks of the NOT at the service station are:

- the use of a more rational organization of labor based on the study of production operations;

- elimination of non-production losses of working time;

— use of the most advanced production methods;

- the introduction of such forms of labor that ensure the development of a creative attitude to work;

- General improvements in working conditions affecting the human body;

- the use of various forms of combination of moral and material incentives.

In this regard, it is necessary to apply the following elements of the NOT on the reconstructed site:

— rational placement of equipment;

— creation of sanitary and hygienic working conditions;

- providing jobs with the necessary equipment and tools;

— professional development of workers.

All of the above proposals can increase labor productivity, reduce the cost of non-production time, facilitate and improve working conditions, which ultimately affects the quality of work performed.

3.9.2 Application of energy-saving technologies at the design site

Energy-saving technologies are technologies for saving fuel and energy resources and related costs in the production of products and services, obtained in compliance with technological parameters that ensure high quality and meet the requirements of regulations and standards.

Federal Law "On Energy Saving" No. 28 - FZ of 04/03/1996.

Defined: the procedure for the development and state supervision of the implementation of energy saving policy; sources of financing; the obligation to equip enterprises and organizations with metering and control devices, energy surveys and the organization of state statistics in the field of energy saving.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 472 sot 05/07/1995 "On the main directions of energy policy and restructuring of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2010"

The necessity of developing the federal target program "Energy Saving of Russia" and the most important role of energy saving in the formation of energy policy are determined.

Federal Law No. 41 - FZ of April 14, 1995 "On State Regulation of Tariffs for Electricity and Heat in the Russian Federation"

The necessity of including the costs of energy saving into the prime cost of electric and thermal energy is determined.

Energy saving in enterprises includes:

— regular energy inspections of the enterprise (energy audit);

— organization of accounting for energy consumption;

— operation and maintenance strategy (organizational work);

— strategy for modernization of equipment and technological processes;

— a strategy for replacing existing equipment with new, less energy-intensive equipment and introducing new technologies.

When developing energy saving measures at an enterprise, it must be remembered that there are the following areas of savings:

— Saving fuel and energy resources by improving energy saving.

— Saving fuel and energy resources by improving energy use.

Saving fuel and energy resources by improving energy saving:

— The right choice of energy carriers;

— Reducing the number of energy conversions;

— Development of rational energy saving schemes;

— Automation of power supply installations;

— Improving the quality of energy resources.

Saving fuel and energy resources by improving energy use.

These measures are developed by technologists together with power engineers. The main ones are:

— Organizational and technical measures;

— Introduction of technological processes, equipment, machines and mechanisms with improved energy and technological characteristics;

– Improvement of existing technological processes, modernization and reconstruction of equipment;

— Increasing the degree of use of VER;

— Utilization of low-grade heat.

The state of energy-saving technologies at the reconstruction site.

At the moment, the service station uses modern technological equipment, which includes lifts and other equipment. Lighting and ventilation require modernization.

Disadvantages of the reconstruction object in terms of energy saving:

- Lighting - uses outdated fixtures;

- Ventilation - an outdated control system is used.

Proposals for the use of energy-saving technologies at the reconstruction site:

— conduct an energy audit;

— replace the lighting system;

— update the ventilation system;

- add thermal curtains.

4. Process map

The performer is a locksmith of the 3rd category.

The norm of time is 0.5 people. hour Map of the technological process for replacing the front brake pads on a Ford Focus 1 car is presented in table 14.

Table 14 - Flowchart for replacing the front brake pads on a Ford Focus 1 car

Name of operation, transition	Equipment, tools, fixtures, means	Norm of time, min	Specifications and instructions
Put the car on a lift			Before lifting, check the correct installation of the legs.
Raise the car	Two-column lift with a lifting capacity of 3 tons Maha		Raise to chest level
Remove wheel covers	Screwdriver, slotted		Pry with a screwdriver to remove
Remove front left wheel	Pneumatic wrench and impact socket 17		Bolts are unscrewed counterclockwise
Retract the piston of the working cylinder	Screwdriver, slotted		Slightly retract the piston for easier removal of the caliper
Remove spring retainer	Pliers with thin jaws		Remove the retainer from the outside of the caliper
Remove caliper	Ratchet or pneumatic wrench with hex socket		We unscrew 2 hex guides and remove the caliper from the bracket
Remove old pads	Screwdriver		After removal, check the pads for uniform wear.
Remove brake piston	Using a caliper retractor		The piston is retracted to make it more convenient to install new pads
Clean up seats	File rifel and cleaner		Mechanical cleaning and degreasing is carried out, for free movement of the pads in the guides
Lubricate the seats	Grease Very Lube aerosol		Lubrication is done carefully so that it does not get on the brake disc, when it gets on it, the disc is cleaned
Install new pads			We install the inner block with the grip inside, and install the second block on the outer surface of the bracket
Install caliper			Installing the caliper in place
Lubricate mounting holes	Grease Very Lube aerosol		Lubricate the holes for the guides and the spring retainer, do not lubricate the holes for the guides, this can destroy the rubber bushing and lead to backlash
Install spring retainer			We fix the caliper with a clamp on the bracket
Strip the guides			The guides are cleaned of rubber deposits, for free movement of the caliper
Fix the caliper	Ratchet with hexagon socket		The guides are twisted clockwise with a tightening torque of 95 Nm so as not to spoil the seats
Set wheel	Pneumatic wrench, 17 socket, torque wrench		The bolts are tightened clockwise with a certain tightening torque so as not to strip the threads, with a tightening torque of 130 Nm
Repeat operation			Repeat the same operation on the other side
Install wheel covers			Installation is uniform until it clicks
Lowering the car	Maha 3 ton hoist		Machine lowers all the way down
Bleed the brakes			Bleeding is carried out to bring the piston of the brake cylinder to the pads

5. Labor protection

5.1 Conditions for safe work to eliminate dangerous and harmful factors in the area of ​​maintenance and repair

Occupational safety is a system for ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the course of work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, preventive and rehabilitation measures.

Occupational health and safety control is of the following types:

— State (Prosecution Office of the Russian Federation, Federal Labor Inspectorate, State Technical Supervision, State Energy Supervision, State Sanitary Supervision, Fire Supervision, State Road Safety Inspectorate);

— Public (trade unions);

- Departmental (superior economic bodies).

Liability for violation of labor protection rules is of the following types:

- Disciplinary, occurs in the event of a non-serious violation (does not carry serious consequences). Types of punishments: reprimand, dismissal, transfer to a lower position. Applies to both managers and employees;

— Administrative. Types of penalties: penalties. Comes for officials for violation of rules and regulations;

— Material. It occurs when the enterprise has suffered material damage (equipment breakdown, accident). Applies to both employer and employees;

— Criminal. Comes for officials, through whose fault an accident occurred (severe cases).

A hazardous production factor is a factor whose impact on a person leads to injury or death.

The following hazards exist in this area:

— moving machines and mechanisms;

– various lifting and transport vehicles;

- presence of people under the lifted load;

- electricity;

- flying particles of the processed material and tool;

— poisoning with exhaust gases and toxic substances;

- low or high temperature in the area.

To prevent injuries, it is necessary to develop measures that will ensure compliance with safety regulations.

Safety precautions are technical methods and means that ensure industrial safety.

Workplace - a place where an employee must be, or where he should arrive in connection with his work, and which is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

To create a safe work in the workplace, it is necessary to provide briefings. Instructions are divided into:

Where b1=1.2 - coefficient of redistributed load; Where ne=800 rpm is the minimum stable engine speed when the machine is moving; The gear ratio of the first (lower) gear is accepted. Where j is the transfer number; The results of calculating the gear ratios of intermediate gears are presented in Table 5.4.1. Table 5.4.1 - Gear ratios of intermediate gears ...

diploma

I determine the daily program of the car park according to the formula: The criterion for choosing the maintenance method is the daily production program for each type of maintenance of the same type of cars. Diagnosis D-1 is organized at separate posts (dedicated diagnosis D-1). With a daily SW program of more than 100 vehicles, on-line service is provided. TO-1...

Foreign authors note that knowledge is a source of competitive advantage and can be used in every industry, from agriculture to software development. In the knowledge economy, the success of an organization depends on how effectively it creates, disseminates and uses knowledge and new technologies. The analyzed definitions of the new economy allow us to identify three ...

Complex properties Simple properties Fig. 1. The structure of passenger service quality indicators (on the example of bus transportation) Quality is represented by a vector in the n-dimensional coordinate system (Fig. 2), where n is the number of quality assessment indicators. For each coordinate axis, the value of the corresponding quality indicator is plotted. Geometric interpretation of quality is also possible...

In peat production, the deposit is the basis for the movement of transport vehicles, therefore, the development of a transport concept is primarily associated with the justification of the type and mode of transport of peat raw materials within the peat massif. Given the need to ensure the versatility and adaptability of the links of the enterprise's transport system (the use of common machines and equipment for...

The basis for choosing the mode of transport that is optimal for a particular transportation is information about the characteristics of various modes of transport (road, rail, sea, inland waterways, air and pipelines). From a logistics point of view, companies are interested in reducing the cost of maintaining a fleet of vehicles by monitoring compliance with established routes...

Let's consider the transfer of services, which can be paid during the delivery of TSHV, it is necessary to insure the initiator of the application, because the number of elements in the totality of transport and technological schemes for the delivery of TSHV will significantly increase. Rice. Fig. 5. Scheme of molding options for the delivery technology of TSHV at the international source for another option LL In the option with the participation of the tie-down terminal (Fig. 6), the forwarder after the delivery ...